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Newroz as celebrated by Kurds - Wikipedia

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<span>Mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newroz_customs_and_celebration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newroz_customs_and_celebration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Newroz customs and celebration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newroz_customs_and_celebration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_overtones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_overtones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political overtones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_overtones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newroz_in_Kurdish_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newroz_in_Kurdish_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Newroz in Kurdish literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newroz_in_Kurdish_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdisk_fejring_af_Newroz" title="Kurdisk fejring af Newroz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kurdisk fejring af Newroz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7" title="نوروز در میان کردها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوروز در میان کردها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نەورۆزی کوردەواری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەورۆزی کوردەواری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newroz" title="Newroz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Newroz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2950163#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Kurdish new year holiday</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: transparent">Newroz<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span title="Sorani Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ckb" dir="rtl">نەورۆز</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg/240px-Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg/360px-Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg/480px-Iranian_Kurds_celebrating_Nowruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="532" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Kurds celebrating Newroz in the village of <a href="/wiki/Palangan,_Kurdistan" title="Palangan, Kurdistan">Pallingan</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">National, ethnic, international</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> holiday</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">Usually on March 21; but also 19 and 20.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2023&#160;date</th><td class="infobox-data">Monday 20 March 2023<br />at 21:24 UTC <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">*</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024&#160;date</th><td class="infobox-data">Wednesday 20 March 2024<br />at 03:06 UTC <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">*</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">annual</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:85%;"><span style="padding-left:2.25em;">&#160;</span> <div style="line-height:1.2em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Kurds" title="Category:Kurds">a series</a> on</span><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:135%;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds" title="History of the Kurds">Kurdish history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Kurdish culture</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roj_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/150px-Roj_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/225px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/300px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurds" title="List of Kurds">List of Kurds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population" title="Kurdish population">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><b>Homeland</b></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_Kurdistan" title="Turkish Kurdistan">Northern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Eastern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Southern Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Western Kurdistan</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish diaspora">Diaspora</a></b></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Belgium" title="Kurds in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Canadians" title="Kurdish Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Kurds" title="Caucasian Kurds">Caucasia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Armenia" title="Kurds in Armenia">Armenia</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Azerbaijan" title="Kurds in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Georgia" title="Kurds in Georgia">Georgia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Denmark" title="Kurds in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Finland" title="Kurds in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_France" title="Kurds in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Greece" title="Kurds in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Kurds in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Kurdish Jews in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Japan" title="Kurds in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Jordan" title="Kurds in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Kazakhstan" title="Kurds in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Lebanon" title="Kurds in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_Netherlands" title="Kurds in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Norway" title="Kurds in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Pakistan" title="Kurds in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Russia" title="Kurds in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chechen_Kurds" title="Chechen Kurds">Chechnya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Sweden" title="Kurds in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkmenistan" title="Kurds in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Ukraine" title="Kurds in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Kurds in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds" title="History of the Kurds">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kurdish_uprisings" title="Timeline of Kurdish uprisings">Timeline of Kurdish uprisings</a></li></ul> <p><b>Ancient</b><br /> </p> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Karduchian dynasties</span></dt> <dd><br /><a href="/wiki/Corduene" class="mw-redirect" title="Corduene">Corduene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zabdicene" title="Zabdicene">Zabdicene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cyrtians" title="Cyrtians">Cyrtians</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Moxoene" title="Moxoene">Moxoene</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kayus" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Kayus">Kayusids</a></li></ul> <p><b>Medieval</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizor" title="Shahrizor">Shahrizor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Jafar_Dasni" title="Mir Jafar Dasni">Mir Jafar Dasni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aishanids">Aishanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisam" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisam">Daisam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddadids" title="Shaddadids">Shaddadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Rawadids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanwayhids" title="Hasanwayhids">Hasanwayhids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annazids" title="Annazids">Annazids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwanids_(Diyar_Bakr)" title="Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)">Marwanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadhabani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadhabani">Hadhabani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaraspids" title="Hazaraspids">Hazaraspids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bitlis" title="Principality of Bitlis">Badlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardalan" title="Ardalan">Ardalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahdinan" title="Bahdinan">Badinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soran_Emirate" title="Soran Emirate">Soran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokryan">Mokryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baban" title="Baban">Baban</a></li></ul> <p><b>Modern</b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistansky_Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistansky Uyezd">Kurdistansky Uyezd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simko_Shikak_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Simko Shikak revolt">Simko Shikak revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7giri_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Koçgiri Rebellion">Koçgiri Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_rebellion" title="Ararat rebellion">Ararat rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dersim Rebellion">Dersim Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kingdom of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Republic_of_Ararat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Republic of Ararat">Kurdish Republic of Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mahabad" title="Republic of Mahabad">Republic of Mahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anfal_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Anfal campaign">Al-Anfal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Republic_of_Lachin" title="Kurdish Republic of Lachin">Kurdish Republic of Lachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Iranian Kurdistan">Iranian Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Kurdistan" title="Turkish Kurdistan">Turkish Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Syrian Kurdistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Kurdish culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Celebrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kurdistan" title="Flag of Kurdistan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_historical_sites" title="List of Kurdish historical sites">Historical sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_mythology" title="Kurdish mythology">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_literature" title="Kurdish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_philosophers" title="List of Kurdish philosophers">Kurdish philosophers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish languages</a></span></dt> <dd><br /></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Sorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Xwarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorani_language_(Zaza-Gorani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorani language (Zaza-Gorani)">Gorani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kurdistan" title="Religion in Kurdistan">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_among_Kurds" title="Spread of Islam among Kurds">Spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Jews">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kurds" title="Template:Kurds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kurds" title="Template talk:Kurds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kurds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kurds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Newroz</b> or <b>Nawruz</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <span lang="ku" dir="rtl">نەورۆز, Newroz</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> celebration of <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>; the arrival of spring and new year in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Kurdish culture</a>. The lighting of the fires at the beginning of the evening of March 20 is the main symbol of Newroz among the Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, fire is a symbol of light, goodness and purification. <a href="/wiki/Angra_Mainyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Angra Mainyu">Angra Mainyu</a>, the demonic anti-thesis of <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>, was defied by Zoroastrians with a big fire every year, which symbolized their defiance of and hatred for evil and the arch-demon. In Kurdish legend, the holiday celebrates the deliverance of the Kurds from a tyrant, and it is seen as another way of demonstrating support for the Kurdish cause.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religionjournal_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Australia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yildiz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yildiz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-diaspora_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diaspora-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The celebration coincides with the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">March equinox</a> which usually falls on 21 March<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and is usually held between 18 and 24 March. The festival has an important place in terms of Kurdish identity for the majority of Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-religionjournal_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yildiz_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yildiz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though celebrations vary, people generally gather together to welcome the coming of spring; they wear traditional coloured Kurdish clothes, dance together, light fires to dance around and jump over the bonfire, play Kurdish games.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-providence_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-providence-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <span title="Kurdish-language romanization"><i lang="ku-Latn">Newroz</i></span> is a combination of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> words <span title="Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ku" dir="rtl">نوێ</span></span> (<span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn">naw</i></span>, meaning 'new') and <span title="Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ku" dir="rtl">ڕۆژ</span></span> (<span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku-Latn">roz</i></span>, 'day'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The arrival of spring has been celebrated in Asia Minor since <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic times</a>. The root of this story goes back to ancient Iranian legends, retold in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kit%C3%A2b_al-akhb%C3%A2r_al-tiw%C3%A2l&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitâb al-akhbâr al-tiwâl (page does not exist)">General History</a></i> by scientist <a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfa_D%C4%ABnawar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī">Dinawari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadows_of_Gold" title="The Meadows of Gold">The Meadows of Gold</a></i> by Muslim historian <a href="/wiki/Masudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masudi">Masudi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i>, a poetic opus written by the <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a> around 1000 AD, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Sharafnameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharafnameh">Sharafnameh</a></i> by the medieval Kurdish historian <a href="/wiki/Sherefxan_Bidlisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherefxan Bidlisi">Sherefxan Bidlisi</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zahak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahak">Zahak</a>, who is named Zuhak by the Kurds,<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was an evil <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> king who conquered <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Iran</a> and had serpents growing from his shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-myths_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myths-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Zahak's rule lasted for one thousand years; his evil reign caused spring to no longer come to <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During this time, two young men were sacrificed daily and their brains were offered to Zahak's serpents in order to alleviate his pain.<sup id="cite_ref-myths_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myths-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, the man who was in charge of sacrificing the two young men every day would instead kill only one man a day and mix his brains with those of a sheep in order to save the other man. As discontent grew against Zahak's rule, the nobleman <a href="/wiki/Fereydun" title="Fereydun">Fereydun</a> planned a revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The revolt was led by <a href="/wiki/Kaveh_the_blacksmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveh the blacksmith">Kaveh</a> (also known as Kawa) (in the <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdal%C3%A6gon" title="Kurdalægon">Kurdalægon</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmith</a> who had lost six sons to <a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-myths_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myths-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The young men who had been saved from the fate of being sacrificed (who according to the legend were ancestors of the Kurds<sup id="cite_ref-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) were trained by Kaveh into an army that marched to Zahak's castle where Kaveh killed the king with a hammer. Kaveh is said to have then set fire to the hillsides to celebrate the victory and summon his supporters; spring returned to <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>March 20 is traditionally marked as the day that <a href="/wiki/Kaveh_the_Blacksmith" title="Kaveh the Blacksmith">Kaveh</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahak</a>. This legend is now used by the Kurds to remind themselves that they are a different, strong people, and the lighting of the fires has since become a symbol of freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is a tradition to jump across a fire at Newroz. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Evliya_%C3%87elebi" title="Evliya Çelebi">Evliya Çelebi</a>, the district (<a href="/wiki/Sanjak" title="Sanjak">sancak</a>) of Merkawe in <a href="/wiki/Shahrazur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahrazur">Shahrazur</a> in the southeastern part of Iraqi Kurdistan is named after Kaveh.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 12th century geographer <a href="/wiki/Yaqoot_Hamawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaqoot Hamawi">Yaqoot Hamawi</a> mentions Zor (Zur<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), son of <a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahhak</a> (Aji Dahak), as founder of the famous city of <a href="/wiki/Sharazor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharazor">Sharazor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newroz_Istanbul(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg/250px-Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg/375px-Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg/500px-Newroz_Istanbul%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>It is a tradition to jump across a fire at Newroz.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1930s, the Kurdish poet Taufik Abdullah, wanting to instill a new Kurdish cultural revival, used a previously known, modified version of the story of Kawa.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He connected the myths where people felt oppressed with Newroz, thus reviving a dying holiday and making it a symbol of the Kurdish national struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-murphy_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newroz_customs_and_celebration">Newroz customs and celebration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Newroz customs and celebration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newroz is considered the most important festival in Kurdish culture, and is a time for entertainment such as games, dancing, family gathering, preparation of special foods and the reading of poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IranicaFestivals-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The celebration of Newroz has its local peculiarities in different regions of Kurdistan.<sup id="cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IranicaFestivals-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the eve of Newroz, in southern and eastern Kurdistan, bonfires are lit. These fires symbolize the passing of the dark season, winter, and the arrival of spring, the season of light.<sup id="cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IranicaFestivals-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 17th century Kurdish poet <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Khani">Ahmad Khani</a> mentions in one of his poems how the people, youth and elderly, leave their houses and gather in countryside to celebrate Newroz. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Please post the poem as a source. I believe it&#39;s the Mem û zîn epic but not sure about which part. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Armenian scholar Mardiros Ananikian <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> emphasizes the identical nature of Newroz and the Armenian traditional New Year, <a href="/wiki/Navasard" title="Navasard">Navasard</a>, noting that it was only in the 11th century that <a href="/wiki/Navasard" title="Navasard">Navasard</a> came to be celebrated in late summer rather than in early spring. He states that the Newroz – Navasard “was an agricultural celebration connected with commemoration of the dead […] and aiming at the increase of the rain and the harvests.”1 The great center of Armenian Navasard, Ananikian points out, was Bagavan, the center of fire worship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_overtones">Political overtones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Political overtones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newroz_Istanbul(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg/220px-Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg/330px-Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg/440px-Newroz_Istanbul%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Newroz in Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newroz_Istanbul(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg/220px-Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg/330px-Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg/440px-Newroz_Istanbul%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Newroz in Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg/220px-Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg/330px-Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg/440px-Newroz_Kurdistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Newroz in Diyarbakir</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kurdish association with Newroz has become increasingly pronounced since the 1950s when the Kurds in the Middle East and those in the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population#Diaspora" title="Kurdish population">diaspora</a> in Europe started adopting it as a tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following the persecution of any Kurdish expression in Turkey, the revival of the Newroz celebration has become more intense and politicized and has also become a symbol of the Kurdish resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-religionjournal_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the end of the 1980s, Newroz was mainly associated "with the attempts to express and resurrect" the Kurdish identity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, the Turkish minister of Culture <a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal_Zeybek" title="Namık Kemal Zeybek">Namık Kemal Zeybek</a> gave out the directive to hold the Nevruz holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the leadership of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Suleyman Demirel</a> Turkey legalized the celebration of Nevruz, spelling it "Nevruz" and claiming its origins were to be found in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Government was attempting to counter the rising Kurdish nationalism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Using the Kurdish spelling "Newroz" has been officially forbidden,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> though it is still widely used by Kurds. Several Turkish newspapers were prosecuted for the spelling of Newroz.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the Kurdish regions of Turkey, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">Eastern Anatolia</a> but also in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> where there are large Kurdish populations, people gather and jump over bonfires.<sup id="cite_ref-religionjournal_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Previous to it being legalized, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers&#39; Party">PKK</a>, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, had chosen the date of the Newroz festival to stage attacks to obtain publicity for their cause;<sup id="cite_ref-religionjournal_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> this led to Turkish forces detaining thousands of people who were seen as supporters of the Kurdish rebel movements.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the Newroz celebrations of 1992, more than 90 Kurdish participants were killed by the Turkish government.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2008, two participants were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Syria, the Kurds dress up in their national dress and celebrate the new year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, Syrian Kurds have had to struggle to celebrate Newroz, and in the past the celebration has led to violent oppression, leading to several deaths and mass arrests.<sup id="cite_ref-Yildiz_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yildiz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The government has stated that the Newroz celebrations will be tolerated as long as they do not become political demonstrations of the treatment of the Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-Yildiz_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yildiz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the Newroz celebrations in 2008, three Kurds were shot dead by Syrian security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurds in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population#Diaspora" title="Kurdish population">the diaspora</a> also celebrate the new year: Kurds in Australia celebrate Newroz not only as the beginning of the new year but also as Kurdish National Day;<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the Kurds in Finland celebrate the new year as a way of demonstrating their support for the Kurdish cause.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In London, organizers estimated that 25,000 people celebrated Newroz in March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Saitama prefectural parks and greenery association in the north of Tokyo, were denied Kurdish refugees permittion to hold Newroz celebrations in that city. They told The Asahi Shimbun that they were pressured by unknown people by phone and email to reject the request of the Kurds; for this reason, the association director withheld permission for the festival citing the possibility that protesters might show up and cause trouble at the park. But a little later the association on Jan. 23 retracted its decision, saying it was a mistake, and apologized to organizers of the Newroz festival.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newroz_in_Kurdish_literature">Newroz in Kurdish literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Newroz in Kurdish literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Newroz has been mentioned in works of many Kurdish poets and writers as well as musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-artists_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-artists-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of the earliest records of Newroz in <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_literature" title="Kurdish literature">Kurdish literature</a> is from <a href="/wiki/Melay%C3%AA_Ciz%C3%AEr%C3%AE" title="Melayê Cizîrî">Melayê Cizîrî</a> (1570–1640):<sup id="cite_ref-poem_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poem-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Without the light and the fire of Love,<br /> Without the Designer and the power of Creator,<br /> We are not able to reach Union.<br /> (Light is for us and dark is the night)<br /> <br /> This fire massing and washing the Heart,<br /> My heart claim after it.<br /> And here come <b>Newroz</b> and the New Year,<br /> When a such light is rising. </p> </div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran,_Kurdistan_province.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg/220px-Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg/330px-Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg/440px-Nowruz_2017_in_Bisaran%2C_Kurdistan_province.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="2067" /></a><figcaption>Kurdish family in <a href="/wiki/Bisaran" title="Bisaran">Bisaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The famous Kurdish writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Piramerd" title="Piramerd">Piramerd</a> (1867–1950) writes in his 1948 poem <i>Newroz</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-poem1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poem1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>The New Year's day is today. <b>Newroz</b> is back.<br /> An ancient Kurdish festival, with joy and verdure.<br /> For many years, the flower of our hopes was downtrodden<br /> The poppy of spring was the blood of the youth<br /> It was that red colour on the high horizon of <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurd</a><br /> Which was carrying the happy tidings of dawn to remote and near nations<br /> It was Newroz which imbued the hearts with such a fire<br /> That made the youth receive death with devoted love<br /> Hooray! The sun is shining from the high mountains of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">homeland</a><br /> It is the blood of our martyrs which the horizon reflects<br /> It has never happened in the history of any nation<br /> To have the breasts of girls as shields against bullets<br /> Nay. It is not worth crying and mourning for the martyrs of homeland<br /> They die not. They live on in the heart of the nation. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurdish students performing Kurdish dances to celebrate Newroz at Dicle University"><img alt="Kurdish students performing Kurdish dances to celebrate Newroz at Dicle University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG/240px-Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG/360px-Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG/480px-Dicle_University_students_and_Newroz_celebration_in_the_university_campus..JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kurdish students performing Kurdish dances to celebrate Newroz at <a href="/wiki/Dicle_University" title="Dicle University">Dicle University</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Newroz festival in Akre, Iraqi Kurdistan, 2018"><img alt="Newroz festival in Akre, Iraqi Kurdistan, 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg/270px-Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg/405px-Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg/540px-Views_of_the_fire_walk_for_the_Newroz_festival_in_Akre_in_2018_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Newroz festival in <a href="/wiki/Akre" title="Akre">Akre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>, 2018</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018,_Tangi_Sar_village_(13970105000310636575781098296062_60685).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kurdish people celebrating Newroz 2018, Tangi Sar"><img alt="Kurdish people celebrating Newroz 2018, Tangi Sar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg/297px-Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg/446px-Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg/595px-Kurdish_people_celebrating_Nowruz_2018%2C_Tangi_Sar_village_%2813970105000310636575781098296062_60685%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kurdish people celebrating Newroz 2018, <a href="/wiki/Tangi_Sar" title="Tangi Sar">Tangi Sar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newroz_Istanbul(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Newroz celebration by the Kurds in Istanbul, 2006"><img alt="Newroz celebration by the Kurds in Istanbul, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg/270px-Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg/405px-Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg/540px-Newroz_Istanbul%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Newroz celebration by the Kurds in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan,_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Newroz in Iranian Kurdistan, 2017"><img alt="Newroz in Iranian Kurdistan, 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg/270px-Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg/405px-Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg/540px-Nowruz_2017_in_Kurdistan%2C_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Newroz in Iranian Kurdistan, 2017</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_child.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Village girl in Palangan prepares to kindle fire for Newroz, 2019"><img alt="Village girl in Palangan prepares to kindle fire for Newroz, 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mountain_child.jpg/270px-Mountain_child.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mountain_child.jpg/405px-Mountain_child.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mountain_child.jpg/540px-Mountain_child.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Village girl in <a href="/wiki/Palangan,_Kurdistan" title="Palangan, Kurdistan">Palangan</a> prepares to kindle fire for Newroz, 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yald%C4%81_Night" title="Yaldā Night">Yaldā Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayram_(Turkey)" title="Bayram (Turkey)">Bayram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Another_Look_at_East_and_Southeast_Turkey" title="Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey">Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newroz_as_celebrated_by_Kurds&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Bois, <i>Connaissance des Students</i>, 164 pp., 1965. (see p. 69)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdurrahman Sharafkandi (<a href="/wiki/Hejar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejar">Hejar</a>), <i>Henbane Borîne (Kurdish-Kurdish-Persian Dictionary)</i>, Soroush Press, 1991, Tehran, p. 715</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ahmady, Kameel 2009: Another look at east and southeast Turkey. GABB Publication, Diyarbakır. p 248</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ahmady%2C+Kameel+2009%3A+Another+look+at+east+and+southeast+Turkey.+GABB+Publication%2C+Diyarbak%C4%B1r.+p+248.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/03/possible-closure-political-party-dampens-nowruz-turkeys-kurds">"Possible closure of political party dampens Nowruz for Turkey's Kurds - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"</a>. <i>www.al-monitor.com</i>. 2022-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Nowruz%3A+Kurdish+new+year+2023+celebrations+%E2%80%93+in+pictures&amp;rft.date=2023-03-21&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Plimmer&amp;rft.aufirst=Joe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2Fgallery%2F2023%2Fmar%2F21%2Fnowruz-kurdish-new-year-2023-celebrations-in-pictures&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-murphy-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murphy_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2004" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Dan (2004-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0323/p07s02-woiq.html">"For Kurds, a day of bonfires, legends, and independence"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&amp;rft.atitle=For+Kurds%2C+a+day+of+bonfires%2C+legends%2C+and+independence&amp;rft.date=2004-03-24&amp;rft.aulast=Murphy&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2004%2F0323%2Fp07s02-woiq.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religionjournal-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-religionjournal_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religionjournal_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religionjournal_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religionjournal_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-religionjournal_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanik2006" class="citation journal cs1">Yanik, Lerna K. (March 2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nevruz' or 'Newroz'? Deconstructing the 'Invention' of a Contested Tradition in Contemporary Turkey". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (2): 287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200500417710">10.1080/00263200500417710</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F49511">11693/49511</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143682680">143682680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=%27Nevruz%27+or+%27Newroz%27%3F+Deconstructing+the+%27Invention%27+of+a+Contested+Tradition+in+Contemporary+Turkey&amp;rft.volume=42&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=287&amp;rft.date=2006-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F49511&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143682680%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200500417710&amp;rft.aulast=Yanik&amp;rft.aufirst=Lerna+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Australia_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Australia_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJupp2001" class="citation book cs1">Jupp, James (2001). <i>The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Diyarbakir+Journal%3A+Where+Misery+Abounds%2C+the+Kurds+Make+Merry&amp;rft.date=2001-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Frantz&amp;rft.aufirst=Douglas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.cornell.edu%2Fcolldev%2Fmideast%2Fdiarbkrj.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-providence-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-providence_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacris2002" class="citation news cs1">Macris, Gina (2002-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217005949/http://kurdistan.org/Current-Updates/ring.html">"Kurds Ring in New Year"</a>. <i>Providence Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistan.org/Current-Updates/ring.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Providence+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Kurds+Ring+in+New+Year&amp;rft.date=2002-03-25&amp;rft.aulast=Macris&amp;rft.aufirst=Gina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan.org%2FCurrent-Updates%2Fring.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dinawari,_Ahmad_b_1888,_p._7_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Dinawari, Ahmad b. Dawud. Kitab al-akhbar al-tiwal. Edited by V.Guirgass. Leiden. 1888, see p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hakan Ozoglu, <i>Kurdish notables and the Ottoman State</i>, 2004, SUNY Press, page: 30. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5993-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5993-4">0-7914-5993-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurdish_Institute_of_Paris2001" class="citation web cs1">Kurdish Institute of Paris (March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.institutkurde.org/en/publications/bulletins/bulletins.php?bul=192">"Newroz 2001: In Diyarbekir the celebrations brought together 500,000 people in a calm atmosphere, but there were many incidents in Istanbul"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Newroz+2001%3A+In+Diyarbekir+the+celebrations+brought+together+500%2C000+people+in+a+calm+atmosphere%2C+but+there+were+many+incidents+in+Istanbul&amp;rft.date=2001-03&amp;rft.au=Kurdish+Institute+of+Paris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.institutkurde.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fbulletins%2Fbulletins.php%3Fbul%3D192&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myths-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-myths_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-myths_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-myths_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarnerFernández-Armesto,_Felipe2004" class="citation book cs1">Warner, Marina; Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (2004). <i>World of Myths: Roman Myths</i>. University of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70607-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70607-3"><bdi>0-292-70607-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=World+of+Myths%3A+Roman+Myths&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-292-70607-3&amp;rft.aulast=Warner&amp;rft.aufirst=Marina&amp;rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Armesto%2C+Felipe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In some of the present Kurdish versions of the story of Zahak and Kawa, there is no mention of <a href="/wiki/Fereydun" title="Fereydun">Fereydun</a>. van Bruinessen, Vol. 3, pp. 1–11, 2000. In the <a href="/wiki/Ahl-e_Haqq" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl-e Haqq">Ahl-e Haqq</a> (Yarsan) Kurdish tradition, Kawa rebelled against Zahak and helped Fereydun imprison Zahak inside <a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Mount Damavand</a>. Hajj Nematollah, Shah-Nama-Ye Haqiqat, Intishaaraat Jeyhun (1982).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shahnameh.com/Epic/05Zahak/index.html">05001 Zahak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070306112236/http://www.shahnameh.com/Epic/05Zahak/index.html">Archived</a> 2007-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Bruinessen" title="Martin van Bruinessen">Martin van Bruinessen</a>, "Kurdistan in the 16th and 17th centuries, as reflected in Elviya Çelebi's Seyahatname", <i>The Journal of Kurdish Studies</i>, Vol. 3, pp. 1–11, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kitab Mu'jam Al Buldan by <a href="/wiki/Yaqoot_Hamawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaqoot Hamawi">Yaqoot Hamawi</a>, Book 3, p: 425-427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connecting celebration of the new year with injustice and oppression is also reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic</a> celebration of <a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a>, whose chronology begins when <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> became <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IranicaFestivals-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IranicaFestivals_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._Betteridge,_G._Kreyenbroek,_Hitchins" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">H. Betteridge, G. Kreyenbroek, Hitchins, Anne, EIr, Philip, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/festivals-iii-iv-v#v">"FESTIVALS, KURDISH (SUNNI)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=FESTIVALS%2C+KURDISH+%28SUNNI%29&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&amp;rft.aulast=H.+Betteridge%2C+G.+Kreyenbroek%2C+Hitchins&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne%2C+EIr%2C+Philip%2C+Keith&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Ffestivals-iii-iv-v%23v&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ahmady, Kameel 2009: <a href="/wiki/Another_Look_at_East_and_Southeast_Turkey" title="Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey">Another Look at East and Southeast Turkey</a>. GABB Publication, Diyarbakır. p 248</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ahmady%2C+Kameel+2009%3A+Another+Look+at+East+and+Southeast+Turkey.+GABB+Publication%2C+Diyarbak%C4%B1r.+p+248.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNations" class="citation web cs1">Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/observances/international-nowruz-day">"International Nowruz Day"</a>. <i>United Nations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=United+Nations&amp;rft.atitle=International+Nowruz+Day&amp;rft.aulast=Nations&amp;rft.aufirst=United&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fobservances%2Finternational-nowruz-day&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnanikean2010" class="citation book cs1">Ananikean, M. H. (2010). <i>Armenian mythology&#160;: stories of Armenian gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, hells &amp; heavens, folklore &amp; fairy tales</i>. Los Angeles: IndoEuropean Publishing.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604441727" title="Special:BookSources/9781604441727"><bdi>9781604441727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Armenian+mythology+%3A+stories+of+Armenian+gods+and+goddesses%2C+heroes+and+heroines%2C+hells+%26+heavens%2C+folklore+%26+fairy+tales&amp;rft.place=Los+Angeles&amp;rft.pub=IndoEuropean+Publishing.com&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9781604441727&amp;rft.aulast=Ananikean&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanik2006" class="citation journal cs1">Yanik, Lerna K. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284447">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Nevruz' or 'Newroz'? Deconstructing the 'Invention' of a Contested Tradition in Contemporary Turkey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern Studies">Middle Eastern Studies</a></i>. <b>42</b> (2): 287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200500417710">10.1080/00263200500417710</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F49511">11693/49511</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284447">4284447</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143682680">143682680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=%27Nevruz%27+or+%27Newroz%27%3F+Deconstructing+the+%27Invention%27+of+a+Contested+Tradition+in+Contemporary+Turkey&amp;rft.volume=42&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=287&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F49511&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284447%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200500417710&amp;rft.issn=0026-3206&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143682680%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Yanik&amp;rft.aufirst=Lerna+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284447&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yanik, Lerna K. (2006). pp.287–288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yanik, Lerna K. (2006). p.288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/105753/let-newroz-and-nevruz-bring-peace-and-spring">Bianet&#160;:: Let Newroz and Nevruz bring Peace and Spring!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080322181525/http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/105753/let-newroz-and-nevruz-bring-peace-and-spring">Archived</a> 2008-03-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeho2004" class="citation book cs1">Meho, Lokman I. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BD7imPDFto0C&amp;dq=newroz+and+spelling+the+w+in+Turkey&amp;pg=PA399"><i>The Kurdish Question in U.S. Foreign Policy: A Documentary Sourcebook</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.&#160;400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31435-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31435-3"><bdi>978-0-313-31435-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Kurdish+Question+in+U.S.+Foreign+Policy%3A+A+Documentary+Sourcebook&amp;rft.pages=400&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-313-31435-3&amp;rft.aulast=Meho&amp;rft.aufirst=Lokman+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBD7imPDFto0C%26dq%3Dnewroz%2Band%2Bspelling%2Bthe%2Bw%2Bin%2BTurkey%26pg%3DPA399&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorkut" class="citation web cs1">Korkut, Tolga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.bianet.org/bianet/minorities/103328-newroz-and-kawa-reason-for-imprisonment">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Newroz" and "Kawa" Reason for Imprisonment?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bianet" title="Bianet">Bianet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bianet&amp;rft.atitle=%22Newroz%22+and+%22Kawa%22+Reason+for+Imprisonment%3F&amp;rft.aulast=Korkut&amp;rft.aufirst=Tolga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.bianet.org%2Fbianet%2Fminorities%2F103328-newroz-and-kawa-reason-for-imprisonment&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAykan2014" class="citation journal cs1">Aykan, Bahar (2014-12-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/ejts/5000?gathStatIcon=true&amp;lang=tr">"Whose Tradition, Whose Identity? The politics of constructing "Nevruz" as intangible heritage in Turkey"</a>. <i>European Journal of Turkish Studies. 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Kurdistan Referendum Movement. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistanreferendum.org/writers/kamalmirawdeli/cultural-oldmanandfire.htm">the original</a> on 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+old+man+and+the+fire&amp;rft.pub=Kurdistan+Referendum+Movement&amp;rft.date=2005-03-21&amp;rft.aulast=Mirawdeli&amp;rft.aufirst=Kamal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistanreferendum.org%2Fwriters%2Fkamalmirawdeli%2Fcultural-oldmanandfire.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewroz+as+celebrated+by+Kurds" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kurdish_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kurdish_culture" title="Template:Kurdish culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kurdish_culture" title="Template talk:Kurdish culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kurdish_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_culture" title="Kurdish culture">Kurdish culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_historical_sites" title="List of Kurdish historical sites">Historical sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_literature" title="Kurdish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_mythology" title="Kurdish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rugs" title="Kurdish rugs">Rugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_Kurds" title="National symbols of the Kurds">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nowruz" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nowruz" title="Template:Nowruz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nowruz" title="Template talk:Nowruz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nowruz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nowruz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nowruz" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C4%81ne-tak%C4%81n%C4%AB" title="Khāne-takānī">Khāne-takānī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haft-sin" title="Haft-sin">Haft-sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanu" title="Samanu">Samanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_sprout" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat sprout">Wheat sprout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji_Firuz" title="Hajji Firuz">Hajji Firuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_Nowruz" title="Amu Nowruz">Amu Nowruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nane_Sarma" title="Nane Sarma">Nane Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharshanbe_Suri" title="Chaharshanbe Suri">Chaharshanbe Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%AEl-e_Moshkel-gosh%C3%A2" title="Ajîl-e Moshkel-goshâ">Ajîl-e Moshkel-goshâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabzi_polo" title="Sabzi polo"> Sabzi Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizdah_Be-dar" title="Sizdah Be-dar">Sizdah Be-dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C4%81l-g%C5%ABsh" title="Fāl-gūsh">Fāl-gūsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauryz_kozhe" title="Nauryz kozhe">Nauryz kozhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Part of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_festivals" title="Zoroastrian festivals">Zoroastrian festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Iran" title="List of festivals in Iran">List of festivals in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_astronomy" title="Persian astronomy">Persian astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadeh" title="Sadeh">Sadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehregan" title="Mehregan">Mehregan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yald%C4%81_Night" title="Yaldā Night">Yaldā Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirgan" title="Tirgan">Tirgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_in_Afghanistan" title="Nowruz in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Baháʼí Naw-Rúz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Mazandaranis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Year_by_calendar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Template talk:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Year_by_Calendar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Year by Calendar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Year_by_calendar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a> by <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> (Ethiopian, Eritrean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandroana" title="Fandroana">Fandroana</a> (Malagasy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayrouz" title="Nayrouz">Nayrouz</a> (Coptic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yennayer" title="Yennayer">Yennayer</a> (Berber)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_New_Year" title="Aztec New Year">Yancuic Xīhuitl</a> (Aztec)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quviasukvik" title="Quviasukvik">Quviasukvik</a> (Inuit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobiyee" title="Hobiyee">Hobiyee</a> (Nisg̱a'a)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a> (Incan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkakuti" title="Willkakuti">Willkakuti</a> (Aymara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Tripantu" title="We Tripantu">We Tripantu</a> (Mapuche)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (Chinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">Shōgatsu</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_New_Year" title="Korean New Year">Seollal</a> (Korean)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Mongolian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Tibetan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thingyan" title="Thingyan">Thingyan</a> (Burmese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_New_Year" title="Cambodian New Year">Choul Chnam Thmey</a> (Cambodian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_New_Year" title="Lao New Year">Pi Mai</a> (Lao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran_(Thailand)" title="Songkran (Thailand)">Songkran</a> (Thai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-Splashing_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-Splashing Festival">Water-Splashing Festival</a> (Dai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyepi" title="Nyepi">Nyepi</a> (Balinese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Suro" title="Satu Suro">Satu Suro</a> (Javanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt" title="Tết">Tết</a> (Vietnamese)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz in Afghanistan">Nauruz</a> (Afghan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> (North &amp; Central India (Solar), Nepali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri#Chaitra_Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Chaitra Navaratri</a> (North &amp; Central India (Lunar))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navreh" title="Navreh">Navreh</a> (Kashmiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheti_Chand" title="Cheti Chand">Cheti Chand</a> (Sindhi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balipratipada" title="Balipratipada">Balipratipada</a> (Gujarati, Rajasthani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohag_Bihu" title="Bohag Bihu">Bohag Bihu</a> (Assamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a> (Bengali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_Sankranti" title="Pana Sankranti">Pana Sankranti</a> (Odia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur_Sital" title="Jur Sital">Jur Sital</a> (Maithili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mha_Puja" title="Mha Puja">Mha Puja</a> (Newari)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losoong_Festival" title="Losoong Festival">Losoong</a> (Sikkimese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a> (Ladakhi, Monpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalpo_Lhosar" title="Gyalpo Lhosar">Gyalpo Lhosar</a> (Sherpa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamu_Lhosar" title="Tamu Lhosar">Tamu Lhosar</a> (Gurung)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Lhosar" title="Sonam Lhosar">Sonam Lhosar</a> (Tamang)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a> (Rai, Tharu, Magar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwisagu" title="Bwisagu">Bwisagu</a> (Bodo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajibu_Nongma_Panba" title="Sajibu Nongma Panba">Sajibu Cheiraoba</a> (Meitei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buisu" title="Buisu">Buisu</a> (Tripuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangken" title="Sangken">Sangken</a> (Tai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhu" title="Bizhu">Bizhu</a> (Chakma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a> (Marathi, Konkani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Telugu, Kannada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_Parba" title="Bisu Parba">Bisu Parba</a> (Tulu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a> (Tamil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a> (Malayali)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Aluth Avurudda</a> (Sinhala)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West<br />and Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kha_b-Nisan" title="Kha b-Nisan">Kha b-Nisan</a> (Assyrian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navruz_in_Uzbekistan" title="Navruz in Uzbekistan">Navruz</a> (Uzbek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Naw-R%C3%BAz" title="Baháʼí Naw-Rúz">Naw-Rúz</a> (Baháʼí)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newroz</a> (Kurd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_New_Year" title="Yazidi New Year">Yazidi New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novruz_in_Azerbaijan" title="Novruz in Azerbaijan">Novruz</a> (Azeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (Iranian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz_Eve_among_Mazandarani_people" title="Nowruz Eve among Mazandarani people">Nowruz</a> (Mazandarani)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> (Hebrew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a> (Mandaean)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogbon" title="Nogbon">Nogbon</a> (Ossetian)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yhyakh" title="Yhyakh">Yhyakh</a> (Sakha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year&#39;s Day">New Year's Day</a> (Gregorian, Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_New_Year" title="Old New Year">Old New Year</a> (traditional Julian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Day#Non-religious_significance" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a> (England, historical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makahiki" title="Makahiki">Makahiki</a> (Hawaii)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matariki" title="Matariki">Matariki</a> (Māori)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See Also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_New_Year" title="Solar New Year">Solar New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_and_Southeast_Asian_solar_New_Year" title="South and Southeast Asian solar New Year">South and Southeast Asian solar New Year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkran" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkran">Songkran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year&#39;s days">Indian New Year's days</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- 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