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themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/europe/letat-belge-condamne-pour-le-placement-force-denfants-metis-au-congo-pendant-la-colonisation-20241202_BOHRGFWUUFF7JLZTT6NQ6KA3KU/" title="L’Etat belge condamné pour le placement forcé d’enfants métis au Congo pendant la colonisation"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/europe/letat-belge-condamne-pour-le-placement-force-denfants-metis-au-congo-pendant-la-colonisation-20241202_BOHRGFWUUFF7JLZTT6NQ6KA3KU/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 bpLyqQ">Justice</a><a href="/international/europe/letat-belge-condamne-pour-le-placement-force-denfants-metis-au-congo-pendant-la-colonisation-20241202_BOHRGFWUUFF7JLZTT6NQ6KA3KU/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="L’Etat belge condamné pour le placement forcé d’enfants métis au Congo pendant la colonisation"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 gDryWh font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom font_md-card-mae">L’Etat belge condamné pour le placement forcé d’enfants métis au Congo pendant la colonisation</h2></a><p class="description-text font_secondary">Bruxelles a été condamné en tant qu’ancien pouvoir colonial au Congo (actuelle RDC) pour l’enlèvement à leurs mères et le placement forcé de cinq fillettes métisses avant l'indépendance de 1960.</p><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">il y a 31min</span></div></div></div></article></div><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk"></div><div><div translate="no" class='mailmunch-forms-widget-1128511'></div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0fJsycQKg1T2Bk"></div></div></div><div order="2" class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 eYDfrr col-sm-12 col-md-xl-3 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/environnement/biodiversite/paul-watson-reste-en-prison-plongee-dans-les-coulisses-diplomatiques-de-laffaire-20241202_5V4MQZOYAVA2DEHMTNLLN3CPLM/" title="Paul Watson reste en prison : plongée dans les coulisses diplomatiques de l’affaire"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/environnement/biodiversite/paul-watson-reste-en-prison-plongee-dans-les-coulisses-diplomatiques-de-laffaire-20241202_5V4MQZOYAVA2DEHMTNLLN3CPLM/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Géopolitique</a><a href="/environnement/biodiversite/paul-watson-reste-en-prison-plongee-dans-les-coulisses-diplomatiques-de-laffaire-20241202_5V4MQZOYAVA2DEHMTNLLN3CPLM/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Paul Watson reste en prison : plongée dans les coulisses diplomatiques de l’affaire"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Paul Watson reste en prison : plongée dans les coulisses diplomatiques de l’affaire</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">il y a 49min</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/afrique/au-mali-plusieurs-cadres-de-la-rebellion-independantiste-de-lazawad-tues-dans-un-bombardement-20241202_IBQKUD6JPBBO3ID63E353PRF6Y/" title="Au Mali, plusieurs cadres de la rébellion indépendantiste de l’Azawad tués dans un bombardement"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/afrique/au-mali-plusieurs-cadres-de-la-rebellion-independantiste-de-lazawad-tues-dans-un-bombardement-20241202_IBQKUD6JPBBO3ID63E353PRF6Y/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Sahel</a><a href="/international/afrique/au-mali-plusieurs-cadres-de-la-rebellion-independantiste-de-lazawad-tues-dans-un-bombardement-20241202_IBQKUD6JPBBO3ID63E353PRF6Y/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Au Mali, plusieurs cadres de la rébellion indépendantiste de l’Azawad tués dans un bombardement"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Au Mali, plusieurs cadres de la rébellion indépendantiste de l’Azawad tués dans un bombardement</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div order="3" class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kZyvoj col-sm-12 col-md-xl-3 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/europe/legislatives-en-roumanie-les-pro-europeens-en-tete-et-percee-historique-de-lextreme-droite-pro-russe-20241202_RA6GZSA5PNHBTHE36PEWCJ2ATM/" title="Législatives en Roumanie : l’extrême droite augmente la pression"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/europe/legislatives-en-roumanie-les-pro-europeens-en-tete-et-percee-historique-de-lextreme-droite-pro-russe-20241202_RA6GZSA5PNHBTHE36PEWCJ2ATM/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Analyse</a><a href="/international/europe/legislatives-en-roumanie-les-pro-europeens-en-tete-et-percee-historique-de-lextreme-droite-pro-russe-20241202_RA6GZSA5PNHBTHE36PEWCJ2ATM/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Législatives en Roumanie : l’extrême droite augmente la pression"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Législatives en Roumanie : l’extrême droite augmente la pression</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom "><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/israel-accuse-de-violation-flagrante-du-cessez-le-feu-frappes-de-drones-dans-le-sud-du-liban-la-cpi-en-peril-lactu-du-conflit-au-proche-orient-ce-lundi-2-decembre-20241202_TMO4YVVC4RH3JCITBEDLVFDOBE/" title="Israël promet une «riposte forte» au Hezbollah qui l’accuse de «violation flagrante» du cessez-le-feu, la CPI «en péril»… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce lundi 2 décembre"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/israel-accuse-de-violation-flagrante-du-cessez-le-feu-frappes-de-drones-dans-le-sud-du-liban-la-cpi-en-peril-lactu-du-conflit-au-proche-orient-ce-lundi-2-decembre-20241202_TMO4YVVC4RH3JCITBEDLVFDOBE/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Point du jour</a><a href="/international/moyen-orient/israel-accuse-de-violation-flagrante-du-cessez-le-feu-frappes-de-drones-dans-le-sud-du-liban-la-cpi-en-peril-lactu-du-conflit-au-proche-orient-ce-lundi-2-decembre-20241202_TMO4YVVC4RH3JCITBEDLVFDOBE/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Israël promet une «riposte forte» au Hezbollah qui l’accuse de «violation flagrante» du cessez-le-feu, la CPI «en péril»… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce lundi 2 décembre"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Israël promet une «riposte forte» au Hezbollah qui l’accuse de «violation flagrante» du cessez-le-feu, la CPI «en péril»… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce lundi 2 décembre</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj"></div><div><hr /></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0f1SxWwJhFg2Wj"></div></div><div class="default__Main-sc-sezp2u-2 kxxFcP sc-gOPDNC eIRGAC"><div class="flex-chain container-fluid"><div class=""><div class="row"><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 gWdzdQ col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/sports/jeux-olympiques/vladimir-poutine-renonce-a-organiser-ses-jeux-de-lamitie-censes-concurrencer-les-jo-20241202_WLVKNOGNDBFLZO3EUIEH5VGQOU/" title="Vladimir Poutine renonce à organiser ses Jeux de l’Amitié censés concurrencer les JO"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/sports/jeux-olympiques/vladimir-poutine-renonce-a-organiser-ses-jeux-de-lamitie-censes-concurrencer-les-jo-20241202_WLVKNOGNDBFLZO3EUIEH5VGQOU/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Marche arrière</a><a href="/sports/jeux-olympiques/vladimir-poutine-renonce-a-organiser-ses-jeux-de-lamitie-censes-concurrencer-les-jo-20241202_WLVKNOGNDBFLZO3EUIEH5VGQOU/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Vladimir Poutine renonce à organiser ses Jeux de l’Amitié censés concurrencer les JO"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Vladimir Poutine renonce à organiser ses Jeux de l’Amitié censés concurrencer les JO</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/afrique/en-guinee-au-moins-56-morts-apres-le-deraillement-dun-match-de-football-20241202_CG5XGPHZKVDMPM4FBNDN5KZ3JM/" title="En Guinée, au moins 56 morts après le déraillement d’un match de football"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/afrique/en-guinee-au-moins-56-morts-apres-le-deraillement-dun-match-de-football-20241202_CG5XGPHZKVDMPM4FBNDN5KZ3JM/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Récit</a><a href="/international/afrique/en-guinee-au-moins-56-morts-apres-le-deraillement-dun-match-de-football-20241202_CG5XGPHZKVDMPM4FBNDN5KZ3JM/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="En Guinée, au moins 56 morts après le déraillement d’un match de football"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">En Guinée, au moins 56 morts après le déraillement d’un match de football</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kwKUVH col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/europe/lunion-europeenne-et-langlais-une-bulle-enfermee-dans-son-globish-20241202_GHATQUKAJ5A5HHCJ5K5E3J2M5I/" title="L’Union européenne et l’anglais : une bulle enfermée dans son «globish»"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/europe/lunion-europeenne-et-langlais-une-bulle-enfermee-dans-son-globish-20241202_GHATQUKAJ5A5HHCJ5K5E3J2M5I/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Billet</a><a href="/international/europe/lunion-europeenne-et-langlais-une-bulle-enfermee-dans-son-globish-20241202_GHATQUKAJ5A5HHCJ5K5E3J2M5I/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="L’Union européenne et l’anglais : une bulle enfermée dans son «globish»"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">L’Union européenne et l’anglais : une bulle enfermée dans son «globish»</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="flex-chain container-fluid"><div class=""><div class="row"><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 gWdzdQ col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/dans-les-cliniques-de-bhopal-40-ans-apres-la-catastrophe-nous-ne-voyons-aucune-fin-a-ce-calvaire-20241202_ZPBD26IBVZGPZFVNXM3HEWIMOI/" title="En Inde, dans les cliniques de Bhopal, 40 ans après la catastrophe : «Nous ne voyons aucune fin à ce calvaire»"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/dans-les-cliniques-de-bhopal-40-ans-apres-la-catastrophe-nous-ne-voyons-aucune-fin-a-ce-calvaire-20241202_ZPBD26IBVZGPZFVNXM3HEWIMOI/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Reportage</a><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/dans-les-cliniques-de-bhopal-40-ans-apres-la-catastrophe-nous-ne-voyons-aucune-fin-a-ce-calvaire-20241202_ZPBD26IBVZGPZFVNXM3HEWIMOI/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="En Inde, dans les cliniques de Bhopal, 40 ans après la catastrophe : «Nous ne voyons aucune fin à ce calvaire»"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">En Inde, dans les cliniques de Bhopal, 40 ans après la catastrophe : «Nous ne voyons aucune fin à ce calvaire»</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 keBvAW col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/de-la-sauce-tomate-entachee-par-le-travail-force-des-ouighours-jusque-dans-les-supermarches-europeens-20241202_PPLCSTPMBVFQ5C7BH2NYOBJTQU/" title="De la sauce tomate entachée par le travail forcé des Ouïghours jusque dans les supermarchés européens"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/de-la-sauce-tomate-entachee-par-le-travail-force-des-ouighours-jusque-dans-les-supermarches-europeens-20241202_PPLCSTPMBVFQ5C7BH2NYOBJTQU/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Droits humains</a><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/de-la-sauce-tomate-entachee-par-le-travail-force-des-ouighours-jusque-dans-les-supermarches-europeens-20241202_PPLCSTPMBVFQ5C7BH2NYOBJTQU/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="De la sauce tomate entachée par le travail forcé des Ouïghours jusque dans les supermarchés européens"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">De la sauce tomate entachée par le travail forcé des Ouïghours jusque dans les supermarchés européens</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span><span class="color_yellow_2 font_xxs font_tertiary margin-xs-left">abonnés</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="ItemChainElement__ItemElementLayout-sc-1c74lbk-0 kwKUVH col-sm-12 col-md-xl-4 layout-section"><div><div class="custom-card-list"><article class="container-fluid large-promo themes_promo margin-sm-bottom border border_solid border_bottom border_color_grey_2"><div class="row text-align_left"><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/au-japon-un-ours-ravage-un-supermarche-avant-detre-abattu-20241202_RJ3UJ2NG5NBDRDODUMIKCDVOOI/" title="Au Japon, un ours ravage un supermarché avant d’être abattu"><div><div class="sc-kSzVC sc-bxdjLI cSDozW ftfuWe"></div></div></a></div><div class="col-sm-xl-12 flex-col margin-xs-bottom"><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/au-japon-un-ours-ravage-un-supermarche-avant-detre-abattu-20241202_RJ3UJ2NG5NBDRDODUMIKCDVOOI/" class="Overline-sc-1o7iuj5-0 dCtggU">Biodiversité</a><a href="/international/asie-pacifique/au-japon-un-ours-ravage-un-supermarche-avant-detre-abattu-20241202_RJ3UJ2NG5NBDRDODUMIKCDVOOI/" class="decoration_none color_grey_4" title="Au Japon, un ours ravage un supermarché avant d’être abattu"><h2 class="Headline-sc-16el3pa-0 hoFQxA font_lg-libe font_primary font_primary_spacing-0-6 font_normal margin-xs-bottom ">Au Japon, un ours ravage un supermarché avant d’être abattu</h2></a><div class="article-meta"><span class="font_xxs font_tertiary color_grey ">2 déc. 2024</span></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/idees-et-debats/tribunes/plus-que-jamais-lhumanite-a-besoin-de-la-cour-penale-internationale-20241202_SZT7TDNXPNCIFGYOX7R37WSEX4/" title="Plus que jamais, l’humanité a besoin de la Cour pénale internationale" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-jiGprZ gnbSrH hYVkzb"><div class="sc-iRaSfU eslmRo">Tribune</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Plus que jamais, l’humanité a besoin de la Cour pénale internationale</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/ukraine-larmee-russe-a-pris-725-km-en-novembre-du-jamais-vu-depuis-le-debut-de-linvasion-20241202_3Q6G3OZUEJHN5DJUFZLEYDDERI/" title="Ukraine : l’armée russe a pris 725 km² en novembre, du jamais vu depuis le début de l’invasion" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Conflit</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Ukraine : l’armée russe a pris 725 km² en novembre, du jamais vu depuis le début de l’invasion</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/la-france-epingle-les-operations-dinfluence-de-lazerbaidjan-aupres-des-independantistes-des-outre-mer-20241202_TTTTR2WBIVA6TMKZ57NDPA7NGA/" title="La France épingle les opérations d’influence de l’Azerbaïdjan auprès des indépendantistes des outre-mer" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Ingérences</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">La France épingle les opérations d’influence de l’Azerbaïdjan auprès des indépendantistes des outre-mer</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/depuis-kyiv-olaf-scholz-annonce-une-nouvelle-aide-militaire-de-lallemagne-principal-soutien-de-lukraine-en-europe-20241202_GOVPBGMOMBA6FPK7DZ7VS57OZQ/" title="Depuis Kyiv, Olaf Scholz annonce une nouvelle aide militaire de l’Allemagne, «principal soutien de l’Ukraine en Europe»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Guerre</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Depuis Kyiv, Olaf Scholz annonce une nouvelle aide militaire de l’Allemagne, «principal soutien de l’Ukraine en Europe»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/le-rappeur-iranien-toomaj-salehi-libere-apres-un-an-de-prison-pour-soutien-au-mouvement-femme-vie-liberte-20241202_YUABT7EW2BH6BEILEQOIRARBNY/" title="Le rappeur iranien Toomaj Salehi libéré après un an de prison pour soutien au mouvement Femme, Vie, Liberté" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Répression</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Le rappeur iranien Toomaj Salehi libéré après un an de prison pour soutien au mouvement Femme, Vie, Liberté</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/amerique/etats-unis-joe-biden-gracie-son-fils-hunter-evoquant-une-erreur-judiciaire-20241202_LRIHY5XVX5A2VM6INTEWFGPKDY/" title="Etats-Unis : Joe Biden gracie son fils, Hunter, évoquant «une erreur judiciaire»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Privilège</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Etats-Unis : Joe Biden gracie son fils, Hunter, évoquant «une erreur judiciaire»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/offensive-des-rebelles-en-syrie-la-contre-attaque-du-regime-dependra-de-laide-de-la-russie-et-de-liran-20241202_VCZX3WS4Y5FD3LDXMFKF5EA72U/" title="Offensive des rebelles en Syrie : «La contre-attaque du régime dépendra de l’aide de la Russie et de l’Iran»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Interview</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Offensive des rebelles en Syrie : «La contre-attaque du régime dépendra de l’aide de la Russie et de l’Iran»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/a-madrid-un-sommet-anti-ivg-reunit-la-fachosphere-mondiale-20241202_P36CN4S7FFES7IHT65SO3MB57U/" title="A Madrid, un sommet anti-IVG réunit la fachosphère mondiale" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Extrême droite</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">A Madrid, un sommet anti-IVG réunit la fachosphère mondiale</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/arabie-saoudite-mohammed-ben-salmane-roi-du-petrole-et-entremetteur-diplomatique-courtise-20241202_3NUCCXJHGFBXRMNMWJ7KAANZPU/" title="Arabie Saoudite : Mohammed ben Salmane, roi du pétrole et entremetteur diplomatique courtisé" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Analyse</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Arabie Saoudite : Mohammed ben Salmane, roi du pétrole et entremetteur diplomatique courtisé</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">2 déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/syrie-entre-alep-et-hama-loffensive-rebelle-se-deploie-20241201_VET5RLXHANG4DJEYI2H2JJEQTU/" title="Syrie : entre Alep et Hama, l’offensive rebelle se déploie" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Récit</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Syrie : entre Alep et Hama, l’offensive rebelle se déploie</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/moyen-orient/syrie-a-alep-repris-par-les-rebelles-une-liberation-entre-retrouvailles-emues-et-peur-de-represailles-20241201_W5P6KW5GZBBL3BJAYDNWDCTMYM/" title="Syrie : à Alep repris par les rebelles, une «libération» entre retrouvailles émues et peur de représailles" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Témoignages</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Syrie : à Alep repris par les rebelles, une «libération» entre retrouvailles émues et peur de représailles</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/en-georgie-le-pouvoir-arc-boute-sur-le-resultat-conteste-des-legislatives-20241201_EWKJH7ISUZACBGNUVIOSXCW22E/" title="En Géorgie, le pouvoir arc-bouté sur le résultat contesté des législatives" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Elections</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">En Géorgie, le pouvoir arc-bouté sur le résultat contesté des législatives</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/suspension-de-laide-humanitaire-a-gaza-discussions-pour-un-cessez-le-feu-lactu-du-conflit-au-proche-orient-ce-dimanche-1er-decembre-20241201_CUJSZLVFVNFLTKNBFNOQMBDL54/" title="Suspension de l’entrée d’aide humanitaire à Gaza, discussions pour un cessez-le-feu, nouveau conseiller de Trump… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce dimanche 1er décembre" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Point du jour</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Suspension de l’entrée d’aide humanitaire à Gaza, discussions pour un cessez-le-feu, nouveau conseiller de Trump… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce dimanche 1er décembre</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/checknews/ces-images-dintervention-policiere-dans-des-clubs-de-moscou-montrent-elles-des-operations-de-mobilisation-forcee-des-jeunes-20241201_4BX5DGAJ4VFIXCHSCH5IZBYENY/" title="Ces images d’intervention policière dans des clubs de Moscou montrent-elles des opérations de mobilisation forcée des jeunes ?" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">CheckNews</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Ces images d’intervention policière dans des clubs de Moscou montrent-elles des opérations de mobilisation forcée des jeunes ?</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/prostitution-la-belgique-devient-le-premier-pays-du-monde-a-creer-un-contrat-de-travail-20241201_Q6XITULQJJGDJPBX5U7X5UCMNY/" title="Prostitution : la Belgique devient le premier pays du monde à créer un contrat de travail" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Avancée</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Prostitution : la Belgique devient le premier pays du monde à créer un contrat de travail</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/avant-de-negocier-avec-la-russie-volodymyr-zelensky-demande-plus-darmes-et-un-pas-en-avant-de-lotan-20241201_JYTIEXXVTFHALMQB4AFLX2AEIM/" title="Avant de négocier avec la Russie, Volodymyr Zelensky demande plus d’armes et «un pas en avant de l’Otan»" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Guerre</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Avant de négocier avec la Russie, Volodymyr Zelensky demande plus d’armes et «un pas en avant de l’Otan»</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/amerique/au-canada-ouvriers-inquiets-et-classe-politique-dans-le-flou-face-aux-menaces-douanieres-de-trump-20241201_YAOBFCKO2NC5RHUG3Z645QWD3A/" title="Au Canada, ouvriers inquiets et classe politique dans le flou face aux menaces douanières de Trump" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Reportage</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Au Canada, ouvriers inquiets et classe politique dans le flou face aux menaces douanières de Trump</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div><div color="#EEB54E" class="sc-iRaSfU gzQSYJ">Abonnés</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/europe/en-allemagne-les-employes-de-volkswagen-appeles-a-la-greve-a-partir-de-lundi-contre-un-enorme-plan-social-20241201_XZCAPCKYEFFBLGYBG2YNXMYCFE/" title="En Allemagne, les employés de Volkswagen appelés à la grève à partir de lundi contre un énorme plan social" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Bras de fer</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">En Allemagne, les employés de Volkswagen appelés à la grève à partir de lundi contre un énorme plan social</h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/international/amerique/kash-patel-un-fidele-complotiste-designe-par-donald-trump-pour-diriger-le-fbi-20241201_ACL3ZOCXPVFP3JL54UYCSYWN7U/" title="Kash Patel, un fidèle complotiste désigné par Donald Trump pour diriger le FBI " class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div color="#E60004" class="sc-iRaSfU gKKCcS">Nomination</div></div><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-KiOns gnbSrH hggVri"><h2 color="#1A1A1A" class="sc-iRaSfU ExWvp">Kash Patel, un fidèle complotiste désigné par Donald Trump pour diriger le FBI </h2></div><div class="sc-jhRauI gnbSrH"><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"><div color="#A3A3A3" class="sc-iRaSfU sc-cKkZIC gpwLdt hURIox">1er déc. 2024</div></div><div class="sc-cZbDLb iNhCDl"></div></div></div></div></div></a></article><hr class="CustomContentListItem__Divider-sc-2hcki7-1 kcHddm"/><article class="CustomContentListItem__Article-sc-2hcki7-0 euEONJ"><a href="/idees-et-debats/tribunes/pour-les-populations-civiles-de-gaza-et-du-liban-la-france-peut-et-doit-agir-par-bertrand-badie-et-lucie-castets-20241201_BI3BAASKBFETPJP44UWE34W354/" title="Pour les populations civiles de Gaza et du Liban, la France peut et doit agir, par Bertrand Badie et Lucie Castets" class="CustomContentListItem__Link-sc-2hcki7-2 kPzBgo"><div class="sc-jwHExh fVfTac"><div class="sc-jhRauI hnifpl"></div><div class="sc-jhRauI bpFydt"><div direction="column" class="sc-jwHExh hMZcIk"><div class="sc-jhRauI sc-jiGprZ gnbSrH hYVkzb"><div class="sc-iRaSfU 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Ce que j’y ai constaté était grave : la Cour était menacée de sanctions américaines parce que son procureur,<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/karim-khan-un-britannique-coriace-a-la-tete-de-la-cpi-20210616_BJD4OKB5FZDTVKRTQODXVYFQPI/\" target=\"_blank\"> Karim Khan, </a>avait requis en avril 2024 des mandats d’arrêts contre les chefs du Hamas, mais aussi contre le Premier ministre israélien Benyamin Nétanyahou et son ancien ministre de la Défense, Yoav Gallant, pour crimes de guerre et crimes contre l’humanité. Aux Etats-Unis, les républicains n’ont pas supporté que le procureur Khan requière un mandat d’arrêt contre Nétanyahou <i>«pour des crimes inexistants»</i>, disaient-ils. Ils ont déposé une proposition de loi pour que des sanctions américaines soient prises."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"2QPDZ5FLN5BBPAQEM4D2HJ4KAQ","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"NSAZUQIB7ZEMFMVCJILJ44LWKE"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"L4VUFBEQQVHL7HYLP7EWLZCMGA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"6T3QTIARHRC35MVS3LDJVZNN74","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Etats-Unis, Israël, France… La CPI, sapée et menacée comme jamais","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/etats-unis-israel-france-la-cpi-sapee-et-menacee-comme-jamais-20241129_ETWPJ6ICURAHLEUBLB4CLN6JHA/"}]},{"_id":"NVBK4QIQTFFXTHL6MASKJCC2TY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819054},"type":"text","content":"Tous les hauts responsables de la Cour que nous avons rencontrés nous l’ont dit : ces sanctions pourraient signer la mort de la Cour en l’empêchant de fonctionner. Plus de comptes bancaires, d’assurance, de système informatique. Son procureur et des juges seraient ajoutés sur la liste noire américaine comme <i>«terroristes». </i>Les procès en cours à La Haye s’arrêteraient. Les témoins et les victimes ne seraient plus protégés."},{"_id":"5ZWJ5J5WBZBK5CR3MQ3CAGZYQE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819055},"type":"text","content":"Depuis, et malgré les pressions contre son indépendance, la Cour a validé les mandats d’arrêt requis par Karim Khan contre le dernier chef du Hamas encore vivant, Benyamin Nétanyahou et Yoav Gallant. La menace de sanctions américaines est devenue tangible : le futur directeur de la sécurité nationale de Donald Trump, Michael Waltz, a affirmé que la Cour n’avait <i>«aucune crédibilité»</i> et qu’il fallait s’attendre <i>«à une forte réaction contre les biais antisémites de la CPI en janvier».</i>"},{"_id":"KD4A2KEP35BWLABUU2XTVAPZWE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-12-02T11:35:55.384Z","start":535,"end":547,"text":"sans \"d\" devant à Libé.","user":"Elisabeth Galabert","email":"e.galabert@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1733136819056},"type":"text","content":"La situation est grave. La Cour pénale internationale a été créée par le traité de Rome en 2002 pour juger les individus qui se rendent coupables de crimes si graves qu’ils concernent l’humanité tout entière : le génocide, les crimes de guerre, le crime d’agression et les crimes contre l’humanité. Depuis, la Cour essaye de lutter contre l’impunité, malgré les pressions fréquentes qu’elle subit. Des enquêtes sont menées, des procès ont lieu. Des témoins sont protégés. Des victimes obtiennent réparation. Le peuple malien contre les jihadistes qui ont détruit Tombouctou et martyrisé des civils. Le <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/tags/rohingyas/\" target=\"_blank\">peuple rohingya</a>, réprimé par le régime birman. Le peuple ukrainien qui espère obtenir un jour justice et qui ne peut que compter sur la justice internationale pour ce faire."},{"_id":"LPRWRLHEZVAA7I4RENJ6MRQAMQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819057},"type":"text","content":"Plus que jamais, la Cour a besoin de notre soutien. Son indépendance doit être réaffirmée. L’Europe devrait faire entendre sa voix pour dénoncer les menaces de sanctions contre la CPI, qui siège aux Pays-Bas. Elle devrait aussi annoncer qu’elle activera, en cas de sanctions, le <i>«blocking statute»</i> qui permet de bloquer l’application extraterritoriale des sanctions américaines."},{"_id":"ZD4ZWGVSCFGQ3CQMYRB5HSCADU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819058},"type":"text","content":"Mais qu’observe-t-on ? Alors que l’Union européenne, par la voix de Josep Borrell, s’est exprimée sans ambiguïté en appelant les Etats membres à respecter la décision de la CPI et à l’appliquer, seuls la Belgique, l’Irlande, l’Espagne et le Royaume-Uni s’y sont engagés. Le reste est flou ou pire, hostile. l’Allemagne assure être l’un des plus grands partisans de la CPI, tout en entretenant <i>«des relations uniques et une grande responsabilité avec Israël».</i> L’Autriche a qualifié les mandats d’arrêt de <i>«ridicules»,</i> tout en admettant qu’elle serait contrainte de les appliquer. Viktor Orbán a dénoncé une <i>«décision éhontée, déguisée à des fins juridiques»</i> et a invité Benyamin Nétanyahou à lui rendre visite en toute impunité."},{"level":2,"_id":"IQDO4UFPEJCKREG3CCOGT72Q2I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733137458466},"type":"header","content":"La France a rejoint le club des pays ambigus"},{"_id":"NWGD4L3VAFG4HDBTXXSQNTVNFE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819059},"type":"text","content":"Par communiqué du 27 novembre, la France a rejoint le club des pays ambigus. On peut y lire qu’elle <i>«respectera ses obligations internationales, étant entendu que </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/guerre-en-ukraine-quelles-differences-entre-un-crime-de-guerre-un-crime-contre-lhumanite-et-un-genocide-20220404_F5CJFGDXXFGQ7C5TYJCNR2UIXQ/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>le statut de Rome </i></a><i>exige une pleine coopération avec la Cour pénale internationale et prévoit également qu’un Etat ne peut être tenu d’agir d’une manière incompatible avec ses obligations en vertu du droit international en ce qui concerne les immunités des Etats non parties à la CPI. De telles immunités s’appliquent au Premier ministre Nétanyahou et […] devront être prises en considération si la CPI devait nous demander leur arrestation et remise». </i>Outre que le ministre des Affaires étrangères ignore ici que la Cour a déjà statué sur le fait que l’immunité des chefs d’Etats n’était pas valable contre ses décisions, le contraste avec le communiqué publié par la diplomatie française en réaction à l’émission d’un mandat d’arrêt contre Vladimir Poutine par la CPI est flagrant."},{"_id":"7UZR2EVVTRH5BDFVAZGIWSOU5A","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819060},"type":"text","content":"Pour porter de telles accusations, il faut être honnête et précis. La France n’a malheureusement jamais appelé ouvertement à l’arrestation de Vladimir Poutine. Pour autant, dans aucun communiqué, elle n’a mentionné l’immunité dont il bénéficierait en tant que chef d’Etat en exercice, comme elle s’est empressée de le faire aujourd’hui pour Benyamin Nétanyahou. Ce deux poids, deux mesures est choquant."},{"_id":"GVWCFZ4CT5A7FECZCRTGNL7TXI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819061},"type":"text","content":"Le ministère des Affaires étrangères le justifie par <i>«l’amitié historique qui lie la France à Israël, deux démocraties attachées à l’Etat de droit et au respect d’une justice professionnelle et indépendante». </i>Quel est le rapport ? Sans se prononcer sur le fond du propos, on peut être une démocratie et bafouer le droit international. Par ailleurs, le fait d’être une démocratie ne diminue en aucun cas la portée du non-respect du droit international. Enfin, l’amitié n’exonère pas du respect des principes."},{"_id":"S3A5YE4HTVHDDBQ47COSW7RRUI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819062},"type":"text","content":"La vaste majorité de l’humanité a intérêt à ce que le droit international soit respecté et à ce que l’impunité soit combattue. A ce que les criminels de guerre, les génocidaires, les agresseurs soient sanctionnés et mis hors d’état de nuire. La loi du plus fort n’est jamais la meilleure, et ce qui la produit est précisément la désacralisation du droit international. Elle nous reviendra toujours en boomerang. à long terme, le droit international protège, unit, pacifie : où sommes-nous tombés pour le mépriser à ce point ?"},{"level":6,"_id":"RUOI3WMMOJHD3M6TMFCELG46MI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733136819063},"type":"header","content":"Vous souhaitez publier une tribune dans Libération ? Pour connaître nos conseils et la marche à suivre, ainsi que l’adresse à laquelle nous envoyer vos propositions, rendez-vous dans la section «Proposer une tribune» en bas de cette page puis écrivez à <a href=\"mailto:idees@liberation.fr\">idees@liberation.fr</a>."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Menacée de sanctions américaines pour avoir validé un mandat d’arrêt contre Benyamin Nétanyahou, la CPI pourrait être empêchée de fonctionner, alerte l’eurodéputée socialiste Chloé Ridel. Du peuple malien aux Rohingyas en passant par l’Ukraine, l’institution défend pourtant sans relâche le respect du droit international."},"description":{"basic":"Menacée de sanctions américaines pour avoir validé un mandat d’arrêt contre Benyamin Nétanyahou, la CPI pourrait être empêchée de fonctionner, alerte l’eurodéputée socialiste Chloé Ridel."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/idees-et-debats/tribunes","parent_id":"/idees-et-debats","name":"Tribunes","description":"Accédez à toutes les tribunes publiés dans Libération sur de nombreux sujets d'actualité et de société.","_id":"/idees-et-debats/tribunes","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/idees-et-debats","default":"/idees-et-debats","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/idees-et-debats","amp-menu":"/idees-et-debats"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Accédez à toutes les tribunes publiés dans Libération sur de nombreux sujets d'actualité et de société.","site_title":"Tribunes - 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jamais vu en plus de deux ans et le début de l’invasion de l’Ukraine. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/avant-de-negocier-avec-la-russie-volodymyr-zelensky-demande-plus-darmes-et-un-pas-en-avant-de-lotan-20241201_JYTIEXXVTFHALMQB4AFLX2AEIM/\" target=\"_blank\">L’armée russe a avancé sur 725 km² en territoire ukrainien</a> au cours du mois de novembre, d’après une analyse de l’AFP publiée ce lundi 2 décembre à partir des données de l’Institut américain pour l’étude de la guerre (ISW). Il s’agit du gain territorial le plus important en un mois depuis mars 2022 et les premières semaines de la guerre."},{"_id":"3DUVNSC5TRCDJNQTFMO7M3C7ZM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733140629546},"type":"text","content":"Sur l’ensemble du mois de novembre, les forces russes ont gagné plus de terrain que lors du mois d’octobre (610 km²), qui marquait déjà une avancée sans précédent depuis plus de deux ans et demi, en particulier dans l’est de l’Ukraine, près de la ville de Pokrovsk."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"D4NWQ5NIDBDMNOAAMCNL66LFRA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"RZSY5X32TNDO3OMY3T3TNJJ3WA"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"IVOTICA5BJDTHKWBCPT4F6LAQM","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"F4MXNP72HVEZ5N2SX3PCFG74NQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"L’armée ukrainienne recule dans le Donbass","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/larmee-ukrainienne-recule-dans-le-donbass-20240905_2WIYNABBOBBQ5LVS75OKCSJSVM/"}]},{"_id":"ECKFBFQI3ZBIPFDGJPBTNEIXV4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733141668436},"type":"text","content":"La région de Donetsk, dans laquelle se trouve cet important nœud ferroviaire et routier, concentre à elle seule près de 90 % des progressions russes de novembre (629 km²). L’armée ukrainienne en contrôle désormais moins d’un tiers, contre plus de 40 % au 1er janvier 2024."},{"level":2,"_id":"WHKESNNN2NGMZFQXGV2XQTBMNI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Des gains six fois plus importants en 2024 qu’en 2023"},{"_id":"G7YX664W6NH4TGMHTIDQL55C6I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733141668438},"type":"text","content":"Les forces de Moscou ont revendiqué ces dernières semaines de nombreuses prises de localités au sud et à l’est de Pokrovsk, et s’en sont approchées à moins de 5 kilomètres. L’avancée des troupes du Kremlin s’est accélérée depuis la fin du printemps. En incluant le mois de novembre, elles ont progressé sur plus de 3 500 km² en 2024, six fois plus que sur l’ensemble de l’année 2023."},{"_id":"6BBHELL2IJAHDESVC3J7CQJGB4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733141668439},"type":"text","content":"La dernière fois que la Russie avait réalisé des gains supérieurs en territoire ukrainien en si peu de temps, c’était en mars 2022 (45 426 km²), quand leurs opérations s’étendaient dans le nord du pays jusqu’aux portes de Kyiv, dans une phase du conflit où la ligne de front était beaucoup plus mobile."},{"_id":"BURY4FJLXFBPZFTEICEQA5HYYA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733141668440},"type":"text","content":"Depuis le début de la guerre, le 24 février 2022, la Russie avait pris au 30 novembre 68 050 km² du territoire ukrainien. 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doit être mis en ligne à 10h et sera trouvable à partir de cette page https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/publications","user":"Amaelle GUITON","email":"a.guiton@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1733102264109},"type":"text","content":"Alors que les tensions entre la France et l’Azerbaïdjan s’avivent depuis des mois, c’est une façon – discrète – pour Paris de monter d’un ton. Dans un rapport <a href=\"https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/publications/un-notorious-big-une-campagne-numerique-de-manipulation-de-linformation-ciblant-les\" target=\"_blank\">rendu public ce lundi 2 décembre</a>, Viginum, le service de l’Etat chargé de traquer les <i>«ingérences numériques étrangères»,</i> épingle les campagnes d’influence menées par et autour du Baku Initiative Group (BIG), une <i>«ONG internationale»,</i> selon son site web, établie dans la capitale azerbaïdjanaise, qui s’illustre depuis un an et demi par la cour effrénée qu’elle fait aux représentants de divers mouvements indépendantistes des outre-mer – Nouvelle-Calédonie, Polynésie, Martinique, Guyane… – et de Corse. Le BIG, écrit l’agence, <i>«peut être considéré comme une officine de propagande d’Etat contre la France, dont la stratégie consiste à instrumentaliser le débat public dans les outre-mer pour servir les objectifs de politique étrangère de l’Azerbaïdjan».</i>"},{"_id":"DMOUBCQR4ZASXDQZBSWPYFSOVQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264111},"type":"text","content":"<i>«La France condamne fermement ces tentatives d’ingérence azerbaïdjanaises,</i> réagit le ministère des Affaires étrangères, contacté par <i>Libération. Elle appelle l’Azerbaïdjan à retrouver la voie diplomatique pour traiter les différends bilatéraux et contribuer à la stabilité internationale.»</i> Les relations entre les deux pays, déjà épineuses, se sont franchement dégradées à l’automne 2023, après la victoire éclair de l’Azerbaïdjan dans la région du Haut-Karabakh, et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/armenie-la-france-a-donne-son-accord-pour-la-livraison-de-materiel-militaire-20231003_C4T4YL6OCJDBVGGBICH7QKABCU/\" target=\"_blank\">l’annonce par la France de la vente d’armements défensifs à l’Arménie</a>. Bakou, cingle le Quai d’Orsay, a multiplié ces derniers mois <i>«les gestes et déclarations hostiles»</i>. Dernier accrochage en date : les déclarations du <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/azerbaidjan-ilham-aliev-lautocrate-en-costume-sur-mesure-de-la-petro-tyrannie-20241108_3L2EMOLQ3RHPTMCJHQTDO4P74M/\" target=\"_blank\">président Ilham Aliyev</a>, à l’ouverture de la COP29 sur le climat, sur les <i>«crimes»</i> de la France dans les territoires ultramarins, en Nouvelle-Calédonie en particulier. Dans la foulée, la ministre de la Transition écologique, Agnès Pannier-Runacher, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/cop-29-la-ministre-de-la-transition-ecologique-agnes-pannier-runacher-annonce-quelle-ne-se-rendra-pas-a-bakou-20241113_PG7T6Q7Z65F7XBDJFSSVBP3FME/\">avait décidé de boycotter le sommet</a>."},{"level":2,"_id":"4QD6FIBXYZGUBMFEARSO3VQPEM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264112},"type":"header","content":"Des «bots» pour relayer les messages"},{"_id":"RZFFC6R63ZDIPB7AHU5LYVNKJM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264113},"type":"text","content":"Cette insistance sur la situation néo-calédonienne ne doit rien au hasard. Alors même que plus de 100 000 Arméniens <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/haut-karabakh-la-fin-abrupte-dune-longue-histoire-20230928_FLMC4CLSC5HNTOLE2DEPIEA6ZA/\" target=\"_blank\">ont fui le Haut-Karabakh</a> depuis que Bakou en a pris le contrôle, le très autoritaire régime Aliyev semble avoir pris fait et cause pour des mouvements indépendantistes très éloignés de ses frontières, ceux des départements, régions et collectivités d’outre-mer (Drom-Com) français – des territoires marqués par les plaies toujours ouvertes de la colonisation, la persistance des inégalités et les difficultés économiques. Créé en juillet 2023 à l’issue d’un sommet du Mouvement des non-alignés, que présidait alors Aliyev, le BIG entend, sur le papier, lutter contre le colonialisme et le néocolonialisme, réactivant, à l’instar de la Russie dans la zone sahélienne, le discours de l’Union soviétique pendant la Guerre froide. Or, à l’exception d’un ou deux événements consacrés aux outre-mer néerlandais de Saint-Martin et Bonaire, le champ d’intervention de cette organisation, présidée par un ancien haut cadre du fonds pétrolier d’Etat, porte quasi exclusivement sur la dénonciation du <i>«colonialisme français».</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"QIPV54W2XFEAZPAMEUDO3RB3IE","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"ZZY7WRIZSJG3VA6DFTXYYNJ45Y"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"JW3GSRJBHJGG7B5WOB5SVPSI6U","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"2MSLHQDQSNCAJOJOVPSMCVSHEA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Ingérences en Nouvelle-Calédonie : le trouble jeu de l’Azerbaïdjan auprès des indépendantistes","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/ingerences-en-nouvelle-caledonie-le-trouble-jeu-de-lazerbaidjan-aupres-des-independantistes-20240519_OCFPK7TNYRGWNGNPEBFDR6TXLU/"}]},{"_id":"OKNZH6YHNVD7JATLOVPCK7IQG4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264114},"type":"text","content":"De juillet 2023 à février 2024, Viginum a détecté cinq campagnes menées via des comptes <i>«au comportement inauthentique»</i> – autrement dit, des «bots» – pour diffuser sur X des publications du BIG : à chaque fois, plusieurs milliers de tweets, avec les mêmes mots-clés, publiés par un millier de comptes environ, parfois en quelques heures. Parmi ces bots, l’agence a identifié un groupe d’environ 400 comptes <i>«présentant un lien avec l’Azerbaïdjan»</i> : usage de la langue azérie pour plus de 90 % d’entre eux, partage de liens vers le site de la présidence azerbaïdjanaise, ou encore absence de publication le 20 janvier 2024, jour férié dans le pays du Caucase… A la mi-mai, alors que la Nouvelle-Calédonie était secouée par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/nouvelle-caledonie-trois-mois-apres-les-emeutes-leconomie-au-bord-du-gouffre-20240924_PRGR2F7PNBCEJBEUYQZ5G34MEA/\" target=\"_blank\">des émeutes suite au passage en force de l’exécutif sur le dégel du corps électoral</a>, les trois quarts de ces comptes ont participé à relayer un montage photo mensonger, une opération analysée à l’époque par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/nouvelle-caledonie-des-comptes-azerbaidjanais-relaient-en-masse-un-montage-accusant-la-police-davoir-tue-une-jeune-femme-20240517_FPFRE2V3LNHDVBCANFENAXH2FA/\">le service CheckNews de <i>Libération</i></a>, ainsi que <a href=\"https://www.sgdsn.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/20240517_NP_SGDSN_VIGINUM_Fiche%20Technique_RecognizeNewCaledonia.pdf\">par Viginum</a>. Des erreurs sur certains tweets provenant de ce «cluster» conduisent l’agence à suspecter l’implication directe, dans ce dispositif d’influence, d’une employée du Parti du nouvel Azerbaïdjan, la formation d’Aliyev."},{"level":2,"_id":"OPXCB7QJWNBELIO3UIRBYPRH4I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264115},"type":"header","content":"Kemi Seba invité à Bakou"},{"_id":"QDEMXZBW7RDLZKM5UMWKBS3TAI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264116},"type":"text","content":"L’activité en ligne du BIG a aussi consisté, à partir du printemps, en la promotion de mémorandums de coopération, comme celui signé en avril (et depuis déclaré nul) entre une élue du Congrès de Nouvelle-Calédonie et la présidente du Parlement azerbaïdjanais. Et l’organisation s’est employée à prendre attache avec certains militants panafricanistes réputés proches de Moscou, invitant à Bakou le suprémaciste béninois Kemi Seba – et critiquant vertement <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/police-justice/kemi-seba-lactiviste-panafricain-multicondamne-pour-haine-raciale-interpelle-a-paris-20241015_WS2VSPDA3RDPLG5G5DSGYASYKI/\">son arrestation à Paris le 14 octobre</a>. Récemment, elle a tenté de surfer sur le <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/martinique-toujours-massivement-soutenu-le-mouvement-de-mobilisation-contre-la-vie-chere-cherche-a-sexporter-20241106_Z43NJSTD6BA2HBATFSGM5PRAUM/\">mouvement contre la vie chère en Martinique</a>."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"4DPJCZXCCFCU7FA5TYTVHNLSPY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"3AOET37VEVDLNOBWHLMQP6IV7U"},"title":"Enquête","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"O45S3MKGTREYJLPWW2RK3WWCTQ","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"IZUXIZWENZFQBKLVQDSFCIDSDE","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Mafieux aux barbes décolorées, poignards et voitures déglinguées : en France, des commandos de tueurs aux trousses d’un opposant azerbaïdjanais","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/police-justice/mafieux-aux-barbes-decolorees-poignards-et-voitures-deglinguees-en-france-des-commandos-de-tueurs-aux-trousses-dun-opposant-azerbaidjanais-20241114_WY2YVHN4MRDBZHV5W6HZHPF5KY/"}]},{"_id":"I6U32WM45RHPHC25V6SUBQJRO4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733102264118},"type":"text","content":"Pour quels résultats ? A tout le moins, son audience en ligne semble limitée : <i>«Entre février et octobre 2024, sur les 532 publications originales analysées, le volume des interactions […] est resté très faible, à savoir moins d’une centaine de republications en moyenne par post, et moins de 200 likes»,</i> souligne le rapport. Qui conclut que <i>«malgré ses tentatives répétées et grossières de s’implanter dans le débat public numérique francophone»,</i> l’organisation <i>«n’a pas réussi à obtenir la visibilité probablement escomptée».</i> Reste que les menées du BIG, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/politique/en-nouvelle-caledonie-lirruption-de-linfluence-azerbaidjanaise-20240729_V4MPCIDRGBHGDCWVRNA5DN7BDQ/\" target=\"_blank\">qui font de plus en plus débat parmi les mouvements indépendantistes</a>, ne sont que l’un des éléments de l’exacerbation des tensions entre l’Azerbaïdjan et la France, dont deux ressortissants sont détenus à Bakou. Initialement prévu le 25 novembre, le procès en appel du <i>street artist</i> Théo Clerc, condamné à trois ans de prison <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/azerbaidjan-lartiste-francais-theo-clerc-condamne-a-trois-ans-de-prison-pour-un-graffiti-20240912_3IAFLIOFBRGTXA5IPT2Q3VWPLI/\" target=\"_blank\">pour un simple graff sur une rame de métro</a>, a été <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/culture/le-proces-en-appel-du-graffeur-theo-clerc-detenu-en-azerbaidjan-reporte-apres-la-cop-29-a-bakou-20241029_Y5ZK3ONOMJAARC5JMRBZUN5MFE/\" target=\"_blank\">reporté au 16 décembre</a>."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Viginum, le service de l’Etat chargé de détecter les «ingérences numériques étrangères», détaille dans un rapport les campagnes en ligne menées autour du «Baku Initiative Group», une organisation azerbaïdjanaise dont l’activité se focalise sur les mouvements indépendantistes des outre-mer français."},"description":{"basic":"Viginum, le service de l’Etat chargé de détecter les «ingérences numériques étrangères» détaille dans un rapport les campagnes en ligne menées autour du «Baku Initiative Group», une organisation azerbaïdjanaise."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/europe","parent_id":"/international","name":"Europe","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, Ukraine...","_id":"/international/europe","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/international","default":"/international","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/international","amp-menu":"/international","headernav":"/international"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, Ukraine...","site_title":"Europe : actualités et infos sur le continent européen - 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Entre Caldoches, Kanak, loyalistes, indépendantistes du FLNKS et autres mouvements, le spectre de la quasi-guerre civile des années 1980 ressurgit. Retrouvez dans ce dossier nos reportages, analyses, interviews, décryptages, tribunes pour comprendre pourquoi la Nouvelle-Calédonie connaît une nouvelle crise.","text":"Nouvelle-Calédonie","slug":"nouvelle-caledonie"},{"description":"Outre-Mer","text":"Outre-Mer","slug":"outre-mer"}]},"related_content":{"redirect":[],"basic":[]},"type":"story","geo":{},"credits":{"by":[{"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"a.guiton@liberation.fr"}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"a.guiton@liberation.fr"}],"name":"Amaelle Guiton","_id":"15260","additional_properties":{"original":{"firstName":"Amaelle","lastName":"Guiton","role":"","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"_id":"15260","last_updated_date":"2021-01-16T15:07:00.176Z","byline":"Amaelle 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restera le principal soutien de l’Ukraine en Europe»,</i> a assuré Olaf Scholz ce lundi 2 décembre lors d’une visite surprise à Kyiv. Depuis la capitale ukrainienne, le chef de l’Etat allemand a annoncé verser une aide militaire supplémentaire au pays, d’un montant de 650 millions d’euros. Le chancelier allemand a exprimé sa <i>«solidarité»</i> avec Kyiv, en insistant que l’Ukraine peut toujours<i> «compter»</i> sur Berlin."},{"_id":"ED7ZTTCIIJEBLPOFCDPBO5ZULY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Sa dernière visite en Ukraine remontait à juin 2022, quelques mois après le début de l’invasion du 24 février, en compagnie notamment du président français Emmanuel Macron. <i>«Depuis plus de 1 000 jours, l’Ukraine se défend de manière héroïque contre l’impitoyable guerre d’agression russe»</i>, a-t-il souligné."},{"_id":"XAM7PGDXJBBOVELWTVA7MBX4WE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733130045834},"type":"text","content":"Les tensions sont au plus haut entre Moscou et les Occidentaux après que Kyiv a tiré <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/guerre-en-ukraine-la-russie-affirme-que-kyiv-a-procede-a-de-premiers-tirs-de-missiles-americains-atacms-sur-son-sol-20241119_MBFLNAQMHBC6BKIWWFCUQ4YSR4/\" target=\"_blank\">des missiles américains</a> et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/des-missiles-britanniques-storm-shadow-tires-pour-la-premiere-fois-sur-la-russie-par-lukraine-apres-les-atacms-americains-20241121_6N3W53IIRZCKTO45MEKT5UAH2I/\" target=\"_blank\">britanniques </a>sur le sol russe et que la Russie a répliqué par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/avec-les-tirs-sur-dnipro-vladimir-poutine-le-voisin-fou-fait-il-des-essais-de-missiles-sur-lukraine-20241121_THCKQHHLDJEWRPRLMS5BQ4JBSU/\" target=\"_blank\">le tir d’un missile hypersonique expérimental sur l’Ukraine</a>, tout <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/face-a-la-menace-dun-conflit-mondial-et-nucleaire-agitee-par-poutine-loccident-lappelle-a-cesser-les-agressions-20241122_JDPAGIZOIBC7PMEPUVVNUIXHOI/\" target=\"_blank\">en agitant des menaces nucléaires.</a> Le président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky a assuré dimanche que son pays avait besoin de plus d’armes et des garanties de sécurité de l’Otan avant d’éventuelles négociations avec la Russie."},{"level":2,"_id":"5KW2VW6QZVD7BAOD5F4BPG6ABM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Arrière-pensées électorales"},{"_id":"2VXSQ7LT6NC6RIB23RKA4LUSME","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Ce déplacement surprise d’Olaf Scholz en Ukraine n’est pas dénué d’arrière-pensées électorales en Allemagne, alors que <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/allemagne-le-spd-designe-le-chancelier-olaf-scholz-comme-candidat-a-sa-propre-succession-malgre-de-mauvais-sondages-20241125_FVVCIU7A5FHAHDQSYJEQG7DKZI/\" target=\"_blank\">la campagne en vue des législatives</a> du 23 février 2025 a débuté. Le chancelier cherche à se positionner comme le champion de la paix, et<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/en-allemagne-olaf-scholz-joue-les-solistes-sur-lukraine-pour-sauver-sa-tete-20241119_JYMGX42SYJFAVDO53MEYBZK5NQ/\" target=\"_blank\"> le partisan de la retenue pour éviter une escalade entre les Occidentaux et la Russie.</a>"},{"_id":"BUFJUV3TYJC3ZK4FTHIWTZ7KXM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Lors d’un discours marquant son entrée en campagne samedi 30 novembre, Olaf Scholz avait promis de garder <i>«la tête froide» </i>au sujet de la guerre en Ukraine dénonçant les accents bellicistes de son adversaire conservateur Friedrich Merz, partisan d’une aide accrue à l’Ukraine. Son rival est favorable sous certaines conditions à une livraison de missiles allemands à Kyiv, pour frapper en profondeur le territoire russe. Une ligne rouge pour Olaf Scholz, qui s’oppose sur ce point à ses alliés américains, français et britanniques, dans un pays pacifiste et traversé par un courant d’opinion pro-russe non négligeable."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"En visite surprise dans la capitale ukrainienne ce lundi 2 décembre, le chancelier allemand annonce une nouvelle aide d’un montant de 650 millions d’euros. 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href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/iran-le-rappeur-contestataire-toomaj-salehi-condamne-a-mort-20240424_7CNDBIYLXNE3NH7WK4K26CQ64E/\" target=\"_blank\">Toomaj Salehi</a> voit (enfin) le bout du tunnel. Après avoir été condamné à un an de prison pour sa participation au mouvement de protestation en Iran en 2022, le célèbre rappeur iranien a été libéré après la purgation de sa peine, dimanche 1er décembre, selon la justice iranienne."},{"_id":"4CDS73QH6VEVPJ7TR34IY25TII","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733129169800},"type":"text","content":"Le chanteur de 34 ans avait été arrêté en octobre 2022 après avoir publiquement soutenu les manifestations du mouvement <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/femme-vie-liberte-entre-instrumentalisation-cynique-a-droite-et-silence-gene-a-gauche-une-autre-voix-est-possible-20240916_4QXEIW3KLFHW7PLTBG6V76LNDU/\" target=\"_blank\">«Femme, vie, liberté»</a> qui avaient éclaté en septembre, déclenchées par la mort en détention de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/editorial/deux-ans-apres-la-mort-de-mahsa-amini-la-generation-z-iranienne-toujours-prete-a-perdre-la-vie-pour-pouvoir-la-vivre-librement-20240913_RUR5VBFM5FC2RIGLTMLJD2LYIA/\" target=\"_blank\">Mahsa Amini.</a> Cette Kurde iranienne de 22 ans avait été <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/en-iran-vent-de-colere-apres-la-mort-de-mahsa-amini-22-ans-arretee-par-la-police-des-moeurs-20220918_P65HIP54JNDTVIOMA7L4BP7GHM/\" target=\"_blank\">arrêtée par la police des mœurs</a>, qui lui reprochait d’avoir enfreint le strict code vestimentaire imposé aux femmes en Iran. Le rappeur avait été libéré en novembre 2023, mais arrêté de nouveau une dizaine de jours après."},{"level":2,"_id":"UNKX4KUFXJBSPN3PUOXCBVUFFI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733129169802},"type":"header","content":"Une condamnation à mort annulée par la cour suprême"},{"_id":"L2X3CZUTVFGGPPQXFEXOSWXZDI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733129169803},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Toomaj Salehi, condamné à un an de prison pour propagande contre le système politique, a été libéré de prison dimanche après avoir purgé sa peine</i>», a précisé l’organe du pouvoir judiciaire Mizan. Le rappeur avait soutenu, via ses chansons et sur les réseaux sociaux, le mouvement de contestation. Sa défense avait déclaré qu’il avait été accusé d’<i>«incitation à la sédition, rassemblement, conspiration, propagande contre le système et appel aux émeutes»</i>."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"BWTX4XJ5ZBGTBPZWFLN376W2TU","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"K6Q5UOEYCBDP3IHBCHYZAA57GQ"},"title":"Reportage","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"HBUJAX6P5FBKLBCRUIDRNB5XQU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"3YA2VDPFSZDOLHIRHWUVIXYZJQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"«On veut rappeler au régime des mollahs que le mouvement continue» : à Paris, forte mobilisation pour le rappeur iranien Toomaj Salehi","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/on-veut-rappeler-au-regime-des-mollahs-que-le-mouvement-continue-a-paris-forte-mobilisation-pour-le-rappeur-iranien-toomaj-salehi-20240428_CRA23W5SXRGVJNW5FUQM76VU2E/"}]},{"_id":"6NWBB5BLQFEGVIT2OGHFHKVTQ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733129169806},"type":"text","content":"Toomaj Salehi avait aussi été <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/iran-il-faut-sauver-le-rappeur-toomaj-condamne-a-la-peine-de-mort-20240426_5W76CMJOLZAIZK4W3VEW3YYNF4/\" target=\"_blank\">condamné en avril à la peine capitale</a> pour <i>«corruption sur Terre»</i>, l’un des chefs d’accusation les plus graves en Iran, mais <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/iran-la-cour-supreme-annule-la-condamnation-a-mort-du-rappeur-toomaj-salehi-20240622_PEI7H5Z6CNBJ3IOV7SU2OAN45E/\" target=\"_blank\">la cour suprême avait annulé en juin cette condamnation</a>."},{"_id":"KO5GA5J4AJDUZEHYEWM7CKK454","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733129169804},"type":"text","content":"Plusieurs centaines de personnes, dont des membres des forces de l’ordre, ont été tuées et des milliers arrêtées au cours des grandes manifestations en octobre et novembre 2022 en Iran. Dix hommes ont été pendus après avoir été condamnés en lien avec le mouvement de contestation après la mort de Mahsa Amini."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"L’artiste, emprisonné pour sa participation au mouvement de protestation en Iran en 2022, est sorti après avoir purgé sa peine, a annoncé la justice iranienne dimanche 1er décembre."},"description":{"basic":"L’artiste, emprisonné pour sa participation au mouvement de protestation en Iran en 2022, est sorti de prison, a annoncé la justice iranienne dimanche 1er décembre."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/moyen-orient","parent_id":"/international","name":"Moyen-Orient","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique des pays du Moyen-Orient sur Libération : Irak, Iran, Israël, Jordanie, Palestine, Arabie 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décision qui passe mal. Le président américain Joe Biden a annoncé dimanche avoir gracié son fils Hunter, qui attendait de connaître sa peine dans des affaires de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/proces-dhunter-biden-le-fils-du-president-condamne-20240611_XTFHTANM35FGVO3LN7XRDJDM5M/\" target=\"_blank\">détention illégale d’arme à feu </a>et de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/etats-unis-hunter-biden-le-fils-du-president-plaide-coupable-de-fraude-fiscale-et-de-detention-illegale-darme-20230620_DX2KSK6K6FBMNHO3GMMSWVU3AE/\" target=\"_blank\">fraude fiscale.</a> <i>«Aucune personne raisonnable qui examine les faits dans les affaires concernant Hunter ne peut aboutir à une autre conclusion que celle-ci : Hunter a été pointé du doigt uniquement parce qu’il s’agit de mon fils – et cela ne va pas»</i>, a affirmé le démocrate dans un communiqué, évoquant <i>«une erreur judiciaire»</i>. Le dirigeant américain avait pourtant assuré à plusieurs reprises qu’il n’accorderait pas la grâce présidentielle à son fils. Encore en septembre, la Maison Blanche l’avait réaffirmé."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"25AJMZEB2ZFVVKHGFCFCLU5DYQ","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"PVDNCTW2XVCVROPWFCJ7DYZZ2A"},"title":"Checknews","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"3J3OAXMEQBFDBJJJPMAQL4WUOI","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"BOSOBRAHDJEJPMJTMB346X537U","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Fisc, armes, sexe et drogue : que sait-on des accusations visant Hunter Biden, fils du président américain ?","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/fisc-armes-sexe-et-drogue-que-sait-on-des-accusations-visant-hunter-biden-fils-du-president-americain-20221105_DSLB7CY6CJD5ROLT4B5MUNW7OI/"}]},{"_id":"SQDE7K3FKFCCXELNRIUZYADIJU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473203},"type":"text","content":"Cette décision ne manquera pas de susciter de nouvelles interrogations sur l’indépendance du système judiciaire américain, en particulier à l’heure où le président élu Donald Trump a décidé de nommer <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/kash-patel-un-fidele-complotiste-designe-par-donald-trump-pour-diriger-le-fbi-20241201_ACL3ZOCXPVFP3JL54UYCSYWN7U/\" target=\"_blank\">de fidèles soutiens à la tête du FBI</a> et du ministère de la Justice."},{"_id":"ID7RLML555HNFOIHL56W5MHD7Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473204},"type":"text","content":"Hunter Biden, 54 ans, a plaidé coupable en septembre de fraude fiscale devant un tribunal de Los Angeles, en Californie, lui évitant un procès. Cet ex-avocat et homme d’affaires, aujourd’hui reconverti dans la peinture, était notamment confronté à un chef d’accusation de fraude fiscale et deux chefs de fausses déclarations pour ne pas avoir versé 1,4 million de dollars d’impôts au cours de la dernière décennie. Le fils cadet de Joe Biden <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/etats-unis-le-proces-du-fils-de-joe-biden-pour-detention-illegale-darme-souvre-ce-lundi-20240603_FXSXGU6VQZFZ5BEMBZH5VRPDIY/\" target=\"_blank\">a déjà été reconnu coupable</a> cette année d’avoir menti sur son addiction aux drogues lors de l’achat d’une arme – un délit dans l’Etat du Delaware, fief des Biden. Hunter Biden attendait encore de savoir de quelle peine il écoperait dans chacun de ces dossiers."},{"_id":"KQNUD4VEQRAPPJES4ZSDQFJ5PQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473205},"type":"text","content":"<i>«J’ai dit que je n’interférerais pas avec les prises de décision du ministère de la Justice et j’ai tenu parole même quand j’ai vu mon fils être poursuivi de manière sélective et injuste»</i>, a déclaré Joe Biden dans son communiqué. <i>«Les accusations dans ces affaires ont émergé seulement après que plusieurs de mes opposants politiques au Congrès en ont été les instigateurs pour m’attaquer et s’opposer à mon élection»</i>, a-t-il ajouté. <i>«Je crois dans le système judiciaire mais […] je crois aussi [qu’une forme] grossière de la politique a infecté ce processus et [que] cela a conduit à une erreur judiciaire.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"GSWYKZB27JH45ICW7O3WPIZFVY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473206},"type":"header","content":"Amnistie pour tous ceux qui ont envahi le Capitole"},{"_id":"FMNBQO5VNRE6RFHRRI6X3REQOQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473207},"type":"text","content":"Dans le même temps, les affaires pénales contre Donald Trump sont au point mort depuis que la Cour suprême a rendu un <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/immunite-presidentielle-la-cour-supreme-des-etats-unis-donne-de-lair-a-donald-trump-20240701_K72WXYSLDJCAHPDJBA46VF7WQE/\" target=\"_blank\">arrêt historique sur l’immunité présidentielle</a>, garantissant probablement au rival républicain de Joe Biden de ne jamais purger de peine d’emprisonnement, même après sa condamnation pour falsification de documents comptables en mai dernier."},{"_id":"NC4IFX2PUFCHVLYX6RDS6UPHC4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473208},"type":"text","content":"Les présidents américains ont déjà eu recours à la grâce pour venir en aide à des membres de leur famille ou des alliés politiques. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2001/01/22/bill-clinton-gracie-le-who-s-who_351764/\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Clinton a gracié</a> son demi-frère condamné pour possession de cocaïne et Donald Trump a gracié le père de son gendre condamné pour fraude fiscale, bien que dans les deux cas, ces hommes avaient déjà purgé leur peine de prison."},{"_id":"HJMK3KQ2CZE4FPMGLDMIKDQ3GY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473209},"type":"text","content":"Donald Trump a promis de gracier toutes les personnes condamnées pour avoir envahi le Capitole le 6 janvier 2021, dans une tentative d’empêcher le Congrès de certifier la victoire de son adversaire Joe Biden. Le républicain y a fait référence dans un message publié sur son réseau Truth Social dimanche soir, en écrivant : <i>«La grâce accordée par Joe à Hunter inclut-elle les otages [du 6 janvier], qui sont emprisonnés depuis des années ? Quel abus et quelle erreur judiciaire !»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"5IZXYV2LJRBRLJLGEWG4INPWR4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473210},"type":"header","content":"Epine dans le pied"},{"_id":"TE4XNLEQDBBH5JPPH3V2JIZARY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473211},"type":"text","content":"Hunter Biden a plaidé coupable lors d’un procès pour fraude fiscale en septembre, affaire dans laquelle il risquait jusqu’à 17 ans de prison. Pour l’usage d’armes à feu, il encourait 25 ans d’emprisonnement. Dans une déclaration aux médias américains, Hunter Biden<b> </b>a affirmé qu’il allait <i>«consacrer la vie [qu’il a] reconstruite à aider ceux qui sont encore malades et qui souffrent».</i>"},{"_id":"5V7MUQ3HAND5HLB5BQGUVDWCGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733125473212},"type":"text","content":"Ses avocats ont soutenu que c’était uniquement parce qu’il était le fils du président qu’il avait été traduit en justice. Hunter Biden a payé des arriérés d’impôts, ainsi que des pénalités imposées par les autorités, et avait déjà conclu un accord qui lui aurait permis d’éviter la prison, mais cet accord a été rompu à la dernière minute. Son cas a longtemps été une épine dans le pied de la famille Biden, en particulier au cours de cette année électorale où les Républicains ont accusé le fils cadet de Joe Biden de bénéficier d’un excès d’indulgence."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Poursuivi dans des affaires de détention illégale d’arme et de fraude fiscale, le fils cadet de l’actuel président américain a bénéficié dimanche de la grâce présidentielle. Joe Biden avait pourtant assuré à plusieurs reprises qu’il n’utiliserait pas cette prérogative."},"description":{"basic":"Poursuivi dans des affaires de détention illégale d’arme et de fraude fiscale, le fils du président américain a bénéficié de la grâce présidentielle. 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la première fois depuis 2011, la deuxième ville de Syrie, Alep, échappe totalement au contrôle du régime. Spécialiste du Moyen-Orient et professeur invité à l’université de Lausanne, Joseph Daher revient sur l’offensive éclair lancée par une coalition de groupes rebelles menée par des islamistes."},{"_id":"BOEHRE6DA5DNRHW5H7PAWJOMYU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020622},"type":"text","content":"<b>Comment analysez-vous cette offensive ?</b>"},{"_id":"667OKKGIWVBINET6475SK5VCXI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324848},"type":"text","content":"Je pense que le groupe Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) a su saisir une fenêtre d’opportunité, en rassemblant autour de lui un certain nombre de forces rebelles, majoritairement composées de groupes fondamentalistes islamiques dans leurs orientations politiques, à un moment où les principaux alliés du régime syrien sont affaiblis. Les Russes sont concentrés sur <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/guerre-en-ukraine-volodymyr-zelensky-ouvre-la-porte-a-un-cessez-le-feu-en-fonction-de-la-protection-de-lotan-20241130_UMCISCJ6MRGEPDODTRW6K2E2IQ/\" target=\"_blank\">la guerre en Ukraine</a>, alors que l’Iran et le Hezbollah sont mobilisés ailleurs dans la région, à commencer bien sûr <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/un-jour-pour-lhistoire-dans-le-sud-liban-les-deplaces-de-guerre-reviennent-par-milliers-20241127_LPYRFP4D7ZFZ5CYA236ODVAY2E/\" target=\"_blank\">par la situation au Liban</a>."},{"_id":"Y7X2VIS55ZBJDJKDEYRJ46FPGI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324849},"type":"text","content":"<b>Quel rôle joue la Turquie, qui soutient certains des groupes engagés dans cette attaque ?</b>"},{"_id":"NFXEWPKN7JFKTIDGVCGIK2YAGQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733076699379},"type":"text","content":"Certaines forces sont effectivement extrêmement dépendantes de la Turquie. Est-ce que cela veut dire qu’Ankara a poussé pour cette offensive ? Je ne le pense pas mais ce qui est certain, c’est que les Turcs ne s’y sont pas opposés et ont probablement aidé à fournir une certaine assistance militaire et technique afin de faire de cette offensive une réussite. Ankara a un double objectif. D’abord, améliorer sa position dans les futures négociations avec le régime syrien, mais surtout avec l’Iran et la Russie sur le dossier syrien. Ensuite, affaiblir, dans les territoires conquis par HTS et les groupes rebelles, les positions contrôlées par les forces démocratiques syriennes (FDS), dominées par la branche armée du parti kurde PYD, considéré comme l’organisation sœur du PKK, désigné comme terroriste par Ankara. D’ailleurs, malgré les tentatives des FDS d’éviter des confrontations militaires significatives avec HTS et les groupes rebelles, ces derniers ont pris le contrôle de la ville de Tall Rifaat, au nord d’Alep, précédemment sous la gouvernance des FDS."},{"_id":"5F4OPLBLPBFEFM4UFX6ENCOGWE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324851},"type":"text","content":"<b>La vitesse à laquelle Alep est tombé a surpris. Qu’est-ce que cela dit de l’état du régime syrien ?</b>"},{"_id":"ZTCBXFT5WZCSBKFSTPU7I2CNQU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324852},"type":"text","content":"Symboliquement, la prise d’Alep montre que la ville est devenue quasiment négligeable pour le régime. Economiquement, elle n’a jamais retrouvé son importance d’avant la guerre et se trouve dans une situation catastrophique à tous les niveaux. Ensuite, cela prouve la faiblesse structurelle du régime, que ce soit militairement, économiquement ou politiquement. Dans ces régions, il s’est effondré comme un château de cartes. Cela n’est guère surprenant que les soldats ne se soient pas battus pour le régime Assad, au vu des salaires de misère et du mauvais traitement qu’ils reçoivent. Ils ont préféré fuir que de défendre un régime pour lequel ils ont très peu de sympathie."},{"_id":"LIOMSE4MK5EGBJG4NUSKEY6LTY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324855},"type":"text","content":"<b>Dimanche, les combats se concentraient autour de Hama. Le régime Assad a promis une </b><i><b>«contre-attaque»,</b></i><b> en est-il capable ?</b>"},{"_id":"JCT3L7PKHBC7TMLE6AEBXGUNF4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324856},"type":"text","content":"Cela dépendra de l’aide que les Russes et les Iraniens ont la volonté et la capacité de lui fournir. Vendredi, la Russie avait appelé le régime syrien à se ressaisir et à <i>«mettre de l’ordre à Alep», </i>ce qui semble indiquer qu’elle espérait un sursaut de son allié. Or, ce sursaut n’a pas eu lieu. Est-ce que Moscou avait conscience de l’état de faiblesse structurelle de l’armée syrienne ? La principale force des Russes en Syrie, c’est leur puissance aérienne. Ils peuvent bombarder mais qui va faire le travail sur le terrain ? En 2016, Alep avait été repris par différents types de milices liées en particulier à l’Iran, avec une présence symbolique de l’armée syrienne. Aujourd’hui, c’est cela le principal problème des Russes, même s’ils vont probablement fournir des moyens militaires à l’armée syrienne. Il va falloir une nouvelle forme de coopération avec l’Iran pour la reprise des territoires perdus."},{"_id":"M6N3VVVGZZCPFO7WFVEM3GZ5LI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020632},"type":"text","content":"<b>Le soutien de Téhéran peut-il changer la donne ?</b>"},{"_id":"SVDOLKUQIBEDROVFNRALQP2XS4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064324919},"type":"text","content":"L’Iran peut mobiliser différentes milices et apporter l’expertise de ses généraux. Cela nous ramènerait à la situation de 2016 : aux Russes, les bombardements aériens, aux Iraniens la coordination sur le terrain et la fourniture d’hommes. Ces derniers disposent d’un réseau important de milices pro-iraniennes en Irak, sans oublier les milices sous son influence en Syrie. D’ailleurs, tout en affirmant son soutien à l’armée syrienne, l’Iran a appelé samedi à une <i>«coordination» </i>avec Moscou face à cette offensive. Mais cette stratégie a des limites. Comment le régime compte-t-il reprendre Alep ? Par une politique de destruction totale ? Pour reprendre la partie orientale de la ville, il avait fallu au régime près de quatre ans de siège, qui s’était accéléré la dernière année."},{"_id":"LD3WD2YIJNDYLFO4KIFVDHMVLU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020634},"type":"text","content":"<b>Quel rôle peut jouer l’armée syrienne ?</b>"},{"_id":"CHOZCWRTWZH5NI44W5WFFBXUIA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020635},"type":"text","content":"Les unités des forces armées syriennes qui sont les plus développées, les plus armées et sous la coupe de Maher al-Assad, le frère de Bachar, sont historiquement positionnées à Damas, pour la défense de la capitale. Ce ne sont pas elles, dans leur majorité, qui pourront jouer un rôle primordial dans une éventuelle reconquête d’Alep et sa région, parce que cela laisserait Damas complètement à découvert."},{"_id":"CPCZ2WOXFFEXFB6STUWICBEFIY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020636},"type":"text","content":"<b>Peut-on imaginer une contre-offensive limitée pour stopper l’avancée des rebelles, qui conserveraient le contrôle d’Alep ?</b>"},{"_id":"YGMED5WJBJBDPGVXYOVQ4HIRRI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733074020637},"type":"text","content":"Le régime syrien a déjà envoyé des renforts à Hama et bombardé, avec l’appui de l’aviation russe, les villes d’Idlib et Alep et ses alentours. Bachar al-Assad a promis dimanche la défaite à ses ennemis et affirmé que <i>«le terrorisme ne comprend que le langage de la force»</i>. Cela dit, on ne peut rien écarter. C’est donc une possibilité à envisager, surtout s’il n’y a pas une grosse volonté ou capacité militaire de la Russie, de l’Iran et du Hezbollah de jouer un rôle dans la reconquête d’Alep. C’est à cela qu’on voit le niveau de dépendance très élevé du régime. Un autre élément à prendre en considération sera le rôle de la Turquie : en cas d’accord politique avec la Russie et l’Iran, quelle pression, ou effet de levier, Ankara pourra-t-il ou pas appliquer sur ces groupes rebelles syriens, et plus particulièrement sur HTS ?"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Universitaire syro-suisse, Joseph Daher décrypte les enjeux nationaux et régionaux de l’offensive fulgurante menée depuis mercredi 27 novembre par une coalition de groupes rebelles contre le régime de Bachar al-Assad."},"description":{"basic":"Universitaire syro-suisse, Joseph Daher décrypte les enjeux nationaux et régionaux de l’offensive fulgurante menée depuis mercredi 27 novembre par une coalition de groupes rebelles contre le régime de Bachar al-Assad."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/moyen-orient","parent_id":"/international","name":"Moyen-Orient","description":"Retrouvez toute 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des rebelles en Syrie : «La contre-attaque du régime dépendra de l’aide de la Russie et de l’Iran»"},"websites":{"liberation":{"website_url":"/international/moyen-orient/offensive-des-rebelles-en-syrie-la-contre-attaque-du-regime-dependra-de-laide-de-la-russie-et-de-liran-20241202_VCZX3WS4Y5FD3LDXMFKF5EA72U/","website_section":{"path":"/international/moyen-orient","parent":{"default":"/international"},"_website":"liberation","parent_id":"/international","name":"Moyen-Orient","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique des pays du Moyen-Orient sur Libération : Irak, Iran, Israël, Jordanie, Palestine, Arabie 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mois après avoir accueilli le gratin de l’extrême droite planétaire à l’occasion de Viva 24, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/madrid-epicentre-de-lextreme-droite-mondiale-le-temps-dun-week-end-20240519_ODTSXAIILFB4VL4GYWKXX2SVUI/\" target=\"_blank\">un meeting électoral pré-européennes</a>, la capitale espagnole reçoit un nouvel aréopage d’ultraconservateurs pour un forum anti-avortement, lundi 2 décembre. L’organisateur de ce raout, baptisé «Sommet transatlantique pour la liberté et la culture de la vie», est le Réseau politique des Valeurs (Political Network for Values), un organisme qui défend la famille et les valeurs catholiques réactionnaires, et pourfend les conquêtes du féminisme et les droits obtenus par les communautés LGBTI+. A la tête du PNvF, on trouve <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/chili-jose-antonio-kast-fils-dofficier-de-la-wehrmacht-et-nostalgique-de-pinochet-au-second-tour-de-la-presidentielle-20211122_SKAMCLDVH5FG3KVKSE2L5MTO6Q/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">le politicien chilien José Antonio Kast</a>, admirateur de la dictature de Pinochet et candidat battu par Gabriel Boric à la présidentielle de 2021."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"34IYBYGEDJHCRBB5COEWUA7DQA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"YBJ22NG3VBEQRCOJHFLH3IQ4OE"},"title":"A lire aussi ","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"5QZ2Z2QVPVAMFAWU35P7XPCBFA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"SMKF4B72UVB6ROV4LUD64MH6IM","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Présidentielle 2021 au Chili : José Antonio Kast, le nostalgique de la dictature","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/jose-antonio-kast-le-nostalgique-de-la-dictature-20211217_GLH56W6NVFCU3FRI2QVGTBM2FU/"}]},{"_id":"WMSNBZRMLRFEXNQPEAMC4OGENA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472976},"type":"text","content":"Le lieu qui hébergera les débats est prestigieux, et tout ce qu’il y a de plus officiel : le palais du Sénat, où le Partido Popular espagnol (PP, droite) détient la majorité absolue (145 sièges sur 266). A la chambre haute, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/en-espagne-lextreme-droite-de-vox-reecrit-le-passe-franquiste-20240410_YUPKXYZUERDB7PVKXS7LYAAFAQ/\" target=\"_blank\">le parti d’extrême droite Vox</a>, dont plusieurs élus participeront à l’événement, n’a aucun représentant. Le prêt d’une salle a été validé en septembre par le bureau du Sénat, où siègent quatre élus PP et trois socialistes. Ces derniers ont admis un <i>«manque de vigilance»</i> et tenté d’annuler la décision. En vain."},{"level":2,"_id":"ITNGVL7HTNEB7HL4N4OHCIB5IY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732892185962},"type":"header","content":"Un gotha de l’extrême droite internationale"},{"_id":"ITNGVL7HTNEB7HL4N4OHCIB5IY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732892185962},"type":"text","content":"Visible <a href=\"https://politicalnetworkforvalues.org/que-hacemos/cumbres/madrid2024/\" target=\"_blank\">sur le site du PNfV</a>, la liste d’invités et orateurs constitue un gotha de l’extrême droite internationale. On y trouve ainsi Nahuel Sotelo, secrétaire d’Etat argentin au Culte et à la Civilisation. Son prédécesseur, Francisco Sanchez, avait tenu lors de Viva24, la réunion d’extrême droite du 20 mars à Madrid, un discours très violent. En août, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/en-argentine-javier-milei-pratique-la-diplomatie-de-linsulte-20240706_PFV7A7QBYZBPJNRRORISDH5XAM/\" target=\"_blank\">son président Javier Milei</a> l’a limogé en raison d’attaques incessantes contre le Vatican. Le président dit «libertarien» <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/apres-lavoir-injurie-javier-milei-est-recu-pour-la-premiere-fois-par-le-pape-francois-20240212_3X2TUMZUZNCJ7K7LWAVT6UZDHY/\" target=\"_blank\">souhaite en effet ménager son compatriote le pape François</a>, après l’avoir qualifié de <i>«représentant du malin sur la Terre».</i>"},{"_id":"E3KMKHFOKZESVDANLMX7ND3EQM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472979},"type":"text","content":"Parmi la brochette d’invités figurent aussi Marton Ugrosdy, le chef de cabinet du Premier ministre hongrois, Viktor Orbán ; Andy Harris, représentant républicain du Maryland et figure de proue du combat anti-IVG aux Etats-Unis ; son compatriote Brian Brown, du très homophobe Congrès mondial des familles, dont la branche russe appartient aux réseaux de Poutine ; Stephen Bartulica, cofondateur du parti extrémiste croate Domino ; le nationaliste Șerban-Dimitrie Sturdza, du parti Alliance pour l’unité des Roumains."},{"_id":"TNEIQDZKS5G3PFCRUOZWPDLHIA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472980},"type":"text","content":"Le jeune député brésilien Nikolas Ferreira (28 ans), star montante de l’entourage de Bolsonaro, habitué des happenings antiféministes et transphobes, sera là lui aussi. Le 8 mars 2023, journée des droits des femmes, il était monté à la tribune du Parlement à Brasilia affublé d’une perruque blonde et avait lancé aux femmes :<i> «Reprenez votre féminité, ayez des enfants, aimez la maternité et formez votre famille !»</i>"},{"_id":"XZ2K3X52MFFYVCEYOG6GX6T2EI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472981},"type":"text","content":"Côté français, on annonce la présence de Grégor Puppinck, du <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/droits-des-femmes/mails-figurines-de-foetus-et-recueil-de-temoignages-comment-les-anti-ivg-tentent-encore-de-faire-pression-sur-les-senateurs-20240227_RNDJFQKYMJDPPGH6QTW6RLIAVM/\" target=\"_blank\">think thank catho-réac ECLJ</a>, et de l’insaisissable Nicolas Bay, passé par le FN, puis le MNR de Bruno Mégret, puis le RN de Marine Le Pen, puis Renaissance d’Eric Zemmour, et dernièrement la mouvance de Marion Maréchal. Il est actuellement <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/politique/elections/affaire-des-assistants-parlementaires-du-rn-nicolas-bay-a-lui-aussi-fourni-des-documents-truques-a-la-justice-20240916_SRQJ776XOBDWPI5VOA3DTEXICI/\" target=\"_blank\">impliqué dans le procès sur les assistants parlementaires</a> du RN."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"4ZPYJN5JDNB2FFVI255AGDASVI","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"S5E7YP7WDBEQFOD4KN77OOTZNE"},"title":"A lir aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"L6NDVQXZ7VDMZB5TTTQISPXQ4Y","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"VCAS4JXR3NEJTOFJS2WJDROAWA","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Assistants parlementaires du RN : Nicolas Bay a fourni des documents truqués à la justice","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/politique/elections/affaire-des-assistants-parlementaires-du-rn-nicolas-bay-a-lui-aussi-fourni-des-documents-truques-a-la-justice-20240916_SRQJ776XOBDWPI5VOA3DTEXICI/"}]},{"_id":"4HBK5TMXCBGMVOB2DZB6OHPIKY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472983},"type":"text","content":"Autre motif d’inquiétude : les CV des invités africains. La députée ougandaise Lucy Akello a promu <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/ouganda-le-president-promulgue-une-loi-anti-lgbt-tres-controversee-20230529_TZC4H5TLJJEBHLAMVTFUJT2EE4/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">la loi la plus homophobe de la planète</a>, appliquée depuis 2023. Elle punit de prison toute relation entre personnes de même sexe, et de peine de mort les cas d’<i>«homosexualité aggravée»</i>. Une criminalisation qu’appelle de ses vœux le parlementaire kenyan George Peter Kaluma, qui qualifie les gays<i> «d’adorateurs de Satan» </i>et prône pour un tel crime la réclusion à perpétuité. Même si son nom a été supprimé de la liste des orateurs, un responsable du forum <a href=\"https://elpais.com/espana/2024-11-27/un-defensor-de-la-cadena-perpetua-para-gais-es-ponente-en-la-cumbre-antiabortista-en-el-senado.html\" target=\"_blank\">a assuré au quotidien espagnol <i>El Pais</i></a> qu’il sera bien présent à la tribune."},{"level":2,"_id":"7THXKT5AGJGJTHREOHGRQ55ZEQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472984},"type":"header","content":"Cathos et évangéliques conservateurs réunis dans une même haine"},{"_id":"D7NPUH4HDRAHBPEMMRX6HNCVOA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472985},"type":"text","content":"Aux côtés de José Antonio Kast, le plus médiatique des responsables de l’événement est <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2001/05/09/jaime-mayor-oreja-l-atout-de-madrid_363876/\" target=\"_blank\">l’Espagnol Jaime Mayor Oreja</a>, catholique pratiquant qui fut ministre de l’Intérieur entre 1996 et 2001, dans le cabinet du Premier ministre PP José María Aznar, puis eurodéputé entre 2004 et sa retraite politique en 2014."},{"_id":"7THXKT5AGJGJTHREOHGRQ55ZEQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732902472986},"type":"text","content":"Lundi, la journée débutera dès 8 heures par une messe au couvent de l’Incarnation. Sans nul doute, la tenue de ce forum au Sénat donne un vernis de respectabilité à une nébuleuse d’inspiration religieuse, où cohabitent en toute entente catholiques et évangéliques ultraconservateurs, réunis dans une même haine non seulement de l’avortement légal, mais aussi du mariage et de l’adoption égalitaires, de la PMA, de l’euthanasie, de la transidentité, de l’éducation à la différence caricaturée en <i>«théorie du genre».</i> Le sommet contribue en outre à faire de Madrid un hub des idéologies les plus réactionnaires. Amer constat pour une ville qui, entre 1936 et 1939, fut un symbole mondial de la résistance au fascisme, au cri de <i>«No Pasarán».</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Un forum anti-avortement se tient lundi dans le cadre prestigieux du Sénat espagnol. Les dizaines d’invités du monde entier sont unis autour d’idéologies réactionnaires d’inspiration religieuse, antiféministes, homophobes et transphobes."},"description":{"basic":"Un forum anti-avortement se tient lundi dans le cadre prestigieux du Sénat espagnol. Les dizaines d’invités du monde entier sont unis autour d’idéologies réactionnaires d’inspiration religieuse, antiféministes, homophobes et transphobes."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/europe","parent_id":"/international","name":"Europe","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, Ukraine...","_id":"/international/europe","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/international","default":"/international","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/international","amp-menu":"/international","headernav":"/international"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, 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fin d’année diplomatique faste s’annonce pour l’Arabie Saoudite, à la grande satisfaction de son dévorant <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/mohammed-ben-salmane-a-paris-grande-visite-enorme-appetit-20230615_JZB6VL45QZBJLDKDCRGFVPFVGU/\" target=\"_blank\">prince héritier Mohammed ben Salmane </a>(MBS), approché par les grands de ce monde. A partir de ce lundi, il accueille le président français, Emmanuel Macron, en visite d’Etat pour trois jours. Puis viendra le Premier ministre britannique, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/commemoration-du-11-novembre-keir-starmer-en-france-le-rapprochement-franco-britannique-en-marche-20241111_EQQDUO6HKJHQLHPHFQFSFXWVAI/\" target=\"_blank\">Keir Starmer</a>, qui a fait part de son intention de se rendre ce mois-ci dans le royaume ainsi qu’aux Emirats arabes unis. De l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, les deux présidents américains, sortant et entrant, rivalisent de promesses pour placer la richissime puissance pétrolière au cœur de leur stratégie moyen-orientale."},{"_id":"WTMA3D7JMZHL7JA3JYMEXDG35A","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035638},"type":"text","content":"Dans son allocution du 26 novembre annonçant <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/guerre-au-proche-orient-netanyahou-va-proposer-dautoriser-un-cessez-le-feu-au-liban-au-cabinet-de-securite-20241126_3MFIP7CK6ZGLPGC5UQM4DXAJW4/\" target=\"_blank\">le cessez-le-feu entre Israël et le Liban</a>, Joe Biden s’est déclaré <i>«prêt à conclure une série d’accords historiques avec l’Arabie Saoudite, incluant un pacte de sécurité, des assurances économiques, le projet crédible de création d’un Etat palestinien et une normalisation totale des relations avec Israël».</i> Ce vaste programme, présenté quelques semaines avant son départ de la Maison Blanche où il vient de passer quasiment quatre ans, est qualifié par le président démocrate de <i>«vision pour le futur du Moyen-Orient dans la paix et la prospérité».</i>"},{"_id":"TLIBDXH3UFHTPAJNMARGPLHA3E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035639},"type":"text","content":"Tout en saluant l’accord de cessez-le-feu au Liban, Riyad n’a pas réagi aux ambitieuses propositions ambitieuses d’un Joe Biden en fin de mandat et de carrière, se préparant plutôt au retour de Donald Trump. Car même s’ils connaissent <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2020/09/14/la-cause-palestinienne-enterree-par-les-accords-d-abraham_1799360/\" target=\"_blank\">son engagement très pro-israélien</a>, les Saoudiens entretiennent depuis la première présidence Trump de très bonnes relations avec le milliardaire et son entourage, en particulier son gendre, Jared Kushner. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2020/09/14/normalisation-arabo-israelienne-trump-se-vend-en-marchand-de-paix_1799471/\" target=\"_blank\">L’artisan des Accords d’Abraham</a> de normalisation entre Israël et quatre pays arabes est devenu depuis un proche de MBS, au point de recevoir deux milliards de dollars du Fonds souverain saoudien pour son propre fonds d’investissement en Israël."},{"level":2,"_id":"DQ6LGEUQ4NFH5KZCHRJUPJYJQE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053507220},"type":"header","content":"Durcissement vis-à-vis d’Israël"},{"_id":"6I4P2RXV5RDO7BLNDGUZRYGKFQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035640},"type":"text","content":"Que la normalisation entre Israël et l’Arabie Saoudite demeure un <i>«désir partagé par tous les deux», </i>comme l’a assuré Joe Biden dans son allocution du 26 novembre, ne semble toutefois pas vraiment une affaire entendue. Dans le contexte actuel, le pari américain ne correspond plus tout à fait à la priorité diplomatique de MBS. Le prince héritier saoudien a qualifié de <i>«génocide»</i> la poursuite de l’offensive israélienne meurtrière à Gaza et le projet d’annexion de la Cisjordanie. S’exprimant lors d’un sommet des pays arabes et musulmans à Riyad le mois dernier, il a également condamné la guerre d’Israël au Liban et même son attaque contre l’Iran."},{"_id":"AAQWPN6W5NEEVJ2B63B5GBFGJY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035641},"type":"text","content":"Celui qui nourrit l’ambition de s’imposer comme le leader régional de l’ensemble du monde arabo-musulman se doit de se poser en principal défenseur la cause palestinienne. Et ce, même s’il avait répondu au Secrétaire d’Etat américain Antony Blinken, lors d’une énième tournée dans la région : <i>«Est-ce que je me soucie personnellement de la question palestinienne ? Non, mais mon peuple, lui, s’en soucie. Je dois donc m’assurer que cela a un sens.» </i>Rapportés fin septembre <a href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2024/09/israel-gaza-war-biden-netanyahu-peace-negotiations/679581/\" target=\"_blank\">par le magazine américain <i>The Atlantic</i></a>, ces propos avaient alors été qualifiés d’<i>«incorrects»</i> par un responsable saoudien."},{"_id":"RXE7SW42SBCUHFXPG3MQ2XERGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053507223},"type":"text","content":"Il n’empêche : la position saoudienne vis-à-vis d’Israël s’est clairement durcie face à l’escalade des attaques à Gaza et au Liban. <i>«Israël serait bien avisé de comprendre qu’il ne peut pas continuer à ignorer l’appel mondial en faveur de la justice et de la paix»,</i> écrivait mi-novembre Faisal J. Abbas, le rédacteur en chef <a href=\"https://www.arabnews.fr/node/499147/faisal-j-abbas\" target=\"_blank\">du très officieux site saoudien Arab News</a>. <i>«Qu’Israël se soucie encore de normaliser ses liens avec l’Arabie Saoudite et le reste du monde musulman n’a aucune importance. Ses dirigeants doivent comprendre qu’avec autant de sang sur les mains, personne ne voudra les serrer», </i>ajoutait l’éditorialiste. <i>«L’Arabie Saoudite, avec son influence en tant que puissance régionale et chef religieux, indique clairement que la voie de la paix passe par le respect des droits des Palestiniens et la poursuite d’une véritable solution à deux Etats»,</i> indiquait également Faisal J. Abbas."},{"_id":"K5S45CPLCNCKNI3YXGH2X3P7FM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035643},"type":"text","content":"Au-delà de la question palestinienne, centrale pour son leadership régional, Mohammed ben Salmane cherche également à s’affirmer par une diversification de ses alliances et de ses relations à l’étranger. <i>«MBS s’emploie à renforcer le statut de l’Arabie Saoudite comme la puissance dirigeante du monde arabe et comme actrice majeure dans la diplomatie internationale»,</i> résume ainsi John Calabrese, professeur de relations internationales à l’American University, dans un article <a href=\"https://nationalinterest.org/feature/new-era-saudi-diplomacy-has-arrived-210441\" target=\"_blank\">publié sur le site <i>The National Interest</i></a><i>.</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"DUZDUVTKCJDV7CVWDVZAZ7RANU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053507225},"type":"header","content":"«Zéro problème avec ses voisins»"},{"_id":"4MVS3FEO5ZDEVOW6NNIXGG6DKM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035644},"type":"text","content":"S’affranchissant de l’alignement pro-occidental qui a longtemps été celui de l’Arabie Saoudite, le prince héritier a renforcé en particulier ses liens avec Moscou et Pékin, qui offrent notamment l’avantage de ne pas soulever auprès de lui des questions liées au respect des droits humains. L’entente avec la Russie sur le prix du pétrole, dans le cadre de l’accord Opep+, s’est poursuivie en toutes circonstances. Et Riyad n’a jamais appliqué les sanctions adoptées contre Moscou depuis la guerre en Ukraine, qui ont fait flamber les prix du brut – à l’avantage des deux gros producteurs."},{"_id":"KOWJBVHA3NBCRF7FR73WYG4VOE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035645},"type":"text","content":"Avec la Chine, la coopération n’a cessé de s’élargir et de s’intensifier dans tous les domaines pour englober l’ensemble du monde arabe, sous l’impulsion de l’Arabie Saoudite, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/en-visite-en-arabie-saoudite-xi-jinping-scelle-son-amitie-avec-le-monde-arabe-20221208_N2X2MAGVUJE5LEPVKWFDH64VVI/\" target=\"_blank\">hôte en décembre 2022 à Riyad</a> du premier sommet sino-arabe. Outre la coopération économique, Pékin a réussi une percée diplomatique majeure en jouant les médiateurs pour le rétablissement, l’an dernier, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/entre-liran-et-larabie-saoudite-un-nouveau-pas-vers-la-reconciliation-20230406_AQV23TYRWJADRPHHF3EDDY3R7I/\" target=\"_blank\">des relations entre l’Iran et l’Arabie Saoudite</a>. Un rapprochement entre les deux grands rivaux du Golfe qui s’est révélé étonnamment durable puisque les visites de hauts responsables et les échanges bilatéraux se poursuivent depuis."},{"_id":"T77VUDVSDFBHNMRBMHKURSJH3M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053507228},"type":"text","content":"Cette normalisation avec l’Iran, intervenue après l’arrêt de sa guerre au Yémen et <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2021/01/04/un-sommet-des-pays-du-golfe-sous-pression-pour-serrer-les-rangs-face-a-l-iran_1810303/\" target=\"_blank\">la réconciliation avec le Qatar</a>, correspondrait à une inflexion de MBS vers une politique de <i>«zéro problème avec ses voisins»,</i> analyse le chercheur Nosherwan Adil, dans un article <a href=\"https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/09/24/desert-diplomacy-saudi-arabias-quest-for-regional-harmony/\" target=\"_blank\">publié sur le site <i>Modern Diplomacy</i></a>. Adopté par la Turquie au début des années 2000, ce positionnement <i>«vise à réparer les relations fracturées et à construire de nouvelles alliances favorisant un environnement plus stable pour le développement économique»,</i> selon la définition du chercheur. Une condition essentielle pour MBS et sa «vision 2030», un pharaonique programme de réforme et de diversification économique mis en place par le Royaume pour le faire sortir de sa rente pétrolière."},{"_id":"USQZGOBHRJAQVNJGKGQJIGPIDI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732897035648},"type":"text","content":"Les projets de développement tous azimuts lancés par MBS sont autant d’opportunités de contrats alléchants, dont la France pourrait bénéficier à l’occasion de la visite d’Emmanuel Macron, sa troisième depuis 2017. Avec les Etats-Unis, Riyad espère compter à la fois sur l’intérêt de Donald Trump pour les affaires lucratives et sur son envie de conclure des <i>«deals»</i> afin de résoudre les conflits dans la région. Quitte à s’accommoder de l’orientation très pro-israélienne du futur patron de la Maison Blanche et de son entourage."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Fort de ses liens avec Moscou et Pékin, réconcilié avec l’Iran et proche de la galaxie Trump, le prince héritier saoudien se pose en acteur incontournable de la scène internationale. Il reçoit ce lundi Emmanuel Macron en visite d’Etat."},"description":{"basic":"Fort de ses liens avec Moscou et Pékin, réconcilié avec l’Iran et proche de la galaxie Trump, le prince héritier saoudien se pose en acteur incontournable de la scène internationale. 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Le mouvement politique En marche ! qu'il a créé en 2016, se positionne contre le clivage gauche-droite. Son quinquennat qui se veut réformateur, est marqué par plusieurs crises : sociale, le mouvement des Gilets jaunes en octobre 2018, politique, l'affaire Benalla en mai 2018, sanitaire, la pandémie de Covid-19 en 2021 et internationale avec le conflit entre l'Ukraine et la Russie, début 2022. Candidat à sa réélection, il a de nouveau été réélu lors d'un deuxième duel face à la leader du RN, Marine Le Pen.","text":"Emmanuel Macron","slug":"emmanuel-macron"},{"description":"Keir Starmer","text":"Keir Starmer","slug":"keir-starmer"},{"description":"Joe Biden a été élu 46e président des Etats-Unis à l'issue d'une élection contestée par le candidat sortant, Donald Trump. Dès le jour de son investiture (20 janvier 2021), le démocrate signe une série de décrets : lutte contre la pandémie de Covid-19, pour le climat ou encore sur la justice sociale et raciale. Le 25 avril 2023, Joe Biden a officialisé sa candidature pour briguer un second mandat à la tête des États-Unis, balayant les inquiétudes exprimées sur son âge. Le président américain a annoncé le dimanche 21 juillet 2024 qu’il abandonnait sa campagne et soutenait la candidature de sa vice-présidente, Kamala Harris.","text":"Joe Biden","slug":"joe-biden"},{"description":"Donald Trump a largement remporté l'élection présidentielle du mardi 5 novembre 2024 contre Kamala Harris malgré ses affaires judiciaires, ses mensonges, sa xénophobie et sa rhétorique autoritaire totalement assumée. Avec le Parti républicain à sa botte et des contre-pouvoirs institutionnels affaiblis, il retrouvera la Maison Blanche quatre ans après l'avoir quittée dans le chaos. Pour le pire et le pire ?","text":"Donald Trump","slug":"donald-trump"}]},"related_content":{"redirect":[],"basic":[]},"type":"story","credits":{"by":[{"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":"h.kodmani@liberation.fr"}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":"h.kodmani@liberation.fr"}],"name":"Hala Kodmani","_id":"12540","additional_properties":{"original":{"firstName":"Hala","lastName":"Kodmani","role":"","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"_id":"12540","last_updated_date":"2021-01-16T14:55:17.233Z","byline":"Hala 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Saoudite...","_id":"/international/moyen-orient","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/international","default":"/international","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/international","amp-menu":"/international","headernav":"/international"},"social":{"twitter":null,"rss":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique des pays du Moyen-Orient sur Libération : Irak, Iran, Israël, Jordanie, Palestine, Arabie Saoudite...","site_title":"Moyen-Orient : actualités et infos sur la région - Libération","site_tagline":null},"navigation":{"nav_title":"Moyen-Orient"},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/international/moyen-orient","200025"]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","_website":"liberation","name":"Moyen-Orient","_id":"/international/moyen-orient","ancestors":{"footer2":["/international"],"default":["/international"],"footer":[],"burgermenu":["/","/international"],"amp-menu":["/","/international"],"headernav":["/","/international"]},"order":{"footer2":2004,"default":2004,"burgermenu":2004,"amp-menu":2004,"headernav":2004}}},"_website_section_id":"liberation./international/moyen-orient","type":"section","version":"0.6.0"}}},"created_date":"2024-11-29T15:44:14.908Z","publish_date":"2024-12-02T02:38:00.299Z","_id":"3NUCCXJHGFBXRMNMWJ7KAANZPU","website":"liberation","website_url":"/international/moyen-orient/arabie-saoudite-mohammed-ben-salmane-roi-du-petrole-et-entremetteur-diplomatique-courtise-20241202_3NUCCXJHGFBXRMNMWJ7KAANZPU/"},{"content_elements":[{"_id":"BNVSCZXHWNA5TA54T3WGTJZXAE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-12-01T17:01:00.162Z","start":992,"end":1083,"text":"lien vers papier de Hala ?","user":"Frederic AUTRAN","email":"f.autran@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1733068335598},"type":"text","content":"Le doigt pointé vers le ciel, il lance tout sourire à la caméra, en sortant d’une maison hébergeant un groupe de combattants :<i> «Nous nous vengeons de Bachar, Allah Akbar, Dieu est grand !»</i> Comme les autres rebelles jihadistes d’Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) qui l’entourent, l’homme à l’accent alépin semble avoir entre 20 et 30 ans, porte un treillis militaire kaki, un fusil sur l’épaule et une courte barbe noire. La vidéo dans laquelle il s’exprime a été postée sur la chaîne Telegram nommée «Dissuasion de l’agression», du nom de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/syrie-les-rebelles-jihadistes-disent-controler-la-majeure-partie-dalep-les-russes-menent-des-raids-inedits-20241130_LGHYGLL2PZDNFMEW4MZB5E2VGM/\">l’opération militaire fulgurante qui a permis de reprendre Alep au régime de Bachar al-Assad dans la nuit de vendredi 29 à samedi 30 novembre</a>. Une vidéo postée parmi tant d’autres, montrant une statue de Bassel al-Assad, le défunt frère du Président, déboulonnée à un rond-point, ou des prisonniers libérés. Place Salaheddine, dans l’ouest de la ville, des drapeaux de la révolution fleurissent. Sur Al-Jazeera, le journaliste syrien Ibrahim al-Jabin note que <i>«les enfants d’Alep»</i>, ceux qui ont grandi au milieu des tentes et n’ont connu que la guerre, jusqu’à prendre les armes,<i> «rentrent chez eux».</i>"},{"_id":"W7XS2Q2WQVCHVMANMXU2GTDLHI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335599},"type":"text","content":"Dimanche, après quatre jours de combats entamés depuis le bastion rebelle d’Idlib (dans le nord-ouest du pays), ces mêmes rebelles et leurs formations alliées s’étaient emparés de plusieurs localités dans la province de Hama, ville située à 140 km au sud d’Alep. Les avions militaires, les hélicoptères, les tanks et les munitions de l’armée régulière, raflés à l’aéroport militaire de Kuweires à Alep, après que les soldats ont abandonné leurs positions, n’y sont sans doute pas pour rien."},{"level":2,"_id":"355VDIDWDZDEJLAUTIVBPB5TF4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733076743719},"type":"header","content":"«Assad plus vulnérable que jamais»"},{"_id":"ZMGJHQMAKFECJCTJ5WIICFR2JA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335600},"type":"text","content":"Leur progression éclair pourrait toutefois se heurter à la contre-offensive lancée par le régime, qui a renforcé son déploiement autour de la ville, notamment avec des soldats d’Alep et d’Idlib ayant fui, et établi de nouveaux points de contrôle. <i>«Une grosse bataille se prépare, près de 50 000 Iraniens se trouvant dans la région»,</i> des combattants mais aussi des civils, rapporte un chef militaire rebelle de Hama. Autour de Tall Rifaat, le groupe HTS et ses alliés de l’armée nationale syrienne ont également lancé leurs forces contre les positions kurdes, espérant gagner plus de terrain."},{"_id":"3L64QY4R65DO7N7UOU7434RH2Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-12-01T18:13:14.574Z","start":214,"end":216,"text":"mis à jour ","user":"Frederic AUTRAN","email":"f.autran@liberation.fr"},{"date":"2024-12-01T18:13:27.759Z","start":267,"end":276,"text":"mis à jour","user":"Frederic AUTRAN","email":"f.autran@liberation.fr"},{"date":"2024-12-01T18:14:13.959Z","start":549,"end":654,"text":"bout de citasse qui a remplacé un bout de phrase","user":"Frederic AUTRAN","email":"f.autran@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1733068335601},"type":"text","content":"L’aviation russe – jusqu’ici quasi absente, ce qui avait permis aux rebelles d’avancer – a répliqué elle aussi dimanche en frappant les alentours de l’université d’Alep et en bombardant Idlib, tuant respectivement 12 et 8 personnes. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/syrie-la-rebellion-anti-assad-a-lassaut-dans-le-nord-ouest-20241128_TRBPO5JGUNDXFPGPUX6AISZBTQ/\">Ces combats</a>, qui ont fait plus de 412 morts selon l’Observatoire syrien des droits de l’homme, sont les plus violents depuis 2020 dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie. <i>«Le terrorisme ne comprend que le langage de la force, et c’est avec ce langage que nous le briserons et l’éliminerons»,</i> a déclaré le dictateur Al-Assad, soulignant en outre <i>«l’importance du soutien des alliés»</i> en recevant le chef de la diplomatie iranienne. Dans le même temps, la télévision d’opposition Syria TV annonçait qu’une délégation du régime était en route vers Antalya, dans le sud de la Turquie, pour négocier avec le pouvoir turc."},{"_id":"QBMWC4XRLZDBRPVCCDIZCWQZRI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335603},"type":"text","content":"Si l’offensive des rebelles a pu surprendre, alors que tous les yeux étaient tournés <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/agnes-levallois-le-sort-des-gazaouis-est-le-cadet-des-soucis-de-netanyahou-20241127_MTOZAWOSNZFRPJLTU45MHEXOHY/\">depuis des mois vers Gaza</a> et le Liban, qui a signé le 26 novembre un <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/base-legale-garanties-incertitudes-ce-que-lon-sait-de-laccord-de-cessez-le-feu-entre-israel-et-le-hezbollah-20241127_SXU54CLNCZGYZMWR56Y5DIHNGQ/\">cessez-le-feu avec Israël</a>, elle n’est toutefois pas étonnante. <i>«A bien des égards, Al-Assad a été plus vulnérable que jamais au cours des deux ou trois dernières années – économiquement, socialement et militairement,</i> souligne sur l’expert au Middle East Institute Charles Lister, sur X. <i>La Russie est toujours là, mais distraite. Pareil pour l’Iran.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"7GB7RJZXDJHFJGAZGOBFDHJB4Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335604},"type":"header","content":"«Image plus moderne»"},{"_id":"FUPBYDTP6ZBJBIIMIDVEKYI6V4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-12-01T17:03:10.760Z","start":73,"end":118,"text":"lien vers interview de Joseph Daher ?","user":"Frederic AUTRAN","email":"f.autran@liberation.fr"},{"date":"2024-12-01T17:29:18.926Z","start":221,"end":229,"text":"bizarre","user":"Ines El Kaladi","email":"i.elkaladi@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1733076743724},"type":"text","content":"Cette percée interroge également sur les mouvements tectoniques en cours au sein des pays parties prenantes au conflit, notamment Ankara – qui contrôle dans un proto-Etat une partie du nord-ouest de la Syrie – et Moscou, parrain du régime Al-Assad. Ses autres alliés, comme l’Iran, sont affaiblis, le Hezbollah encore plus. <i>«La Russie et la Turquie ont cuisiné cela ensemble,</i> assure Karam Shaar, chercheur pour le think tank américain New Lines Institute.<i> Elles ont donné à l’opposition la permission d’avancer dans les zones contrôlées par le régime pour pousser Bachar al-Assad à négocier. Elles veulent finaliser cela le plus vite possible et imposer une nouvelle réalité sur le terrain.»</i>"},{"_id":"QHJAHJJRWBCULI2N73BUTQQ77M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335605},"type":"text","content":"Le président turc, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, ne cache plus son envie de voir rentrer chez eux les 3 millions de Syriens qui se sont réfugiés sur son territoire, alors que le pays, miné par une inflation galopante, est techniquement entré en récession, selon les données de l’Institut statistique de Turquie publiées vendredi. Un retour qui ne peut pas se faire dans les zones contrôlées par le régime, tant pour des raisons de sécurité – les opposants seraient engloutis dans les centres de détention, où près de 100 000 personnes ont disparu – que pour des raisons économiques – 90 % de la population vivant sous le seuil de pauvreté."},{"_id":"MO7PT5VPXRCQPE4FH3AMJMTRXU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335607},"type":"text","content":"Le commandant de cette opération, qui porte un important coup au régime, est le dirigeant du groupe jihadiste HTS fondé en 2017, Abou Mohammed al-Joulani. Agé d’une quarantaine d’années, l’homme est né à Deraa, dans le sud de la Syrie, a évolué en Irak dans le sillage d’Al-Qaeda puis de l’Etat islamique, avant de fonder en 2012<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2013/04/10/syrie-le-front-rebelle-al-nosra-pretent-allegeance-au-chef-d-al-qaeda_895124/\"> le Front Jabhat Al-Nosra</a>. Un an plus tard, il est désigné comme <i>«terroriste mondial»</i> par les Etats-Unis puis placé sous sanctions par l’ONU et la Suisse.<i> «Mais depuis six ou sept ans, il essaye de donner une nouvelle image de lui, plus moderne, </i>observe l’activiste Oussama Chourbagi, directeur de l’organisation humanitaire Mars qui opère notamment dans ces zones.<i> Il a troqué sa galabieh</i> [tunique traditionnelle, ndlr] <i>contre un costume. Il veut montrer qu’il peut être une alternative dans le nord de la Syrie.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"FYSYNHZ3CJF3TO6JOYUZYZ5CSM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335609},"type":"header","content":"«Combattants bien entraînés et hautement équipés»"},{"_id":"O34TZD3HMRBZDCBKE3EEBAYLUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335608},"type":"text","content":"La mue vestimentaire irait de pair avec une mue idéologique. <i>«Ces dernières années, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham a construit [dans le gouvernorat d’Idlib] un gouvernement semi-technocratique, le gouvernement syrien de salut, doté d’une force de police formée, de programmes de santé et bien plus encore,</i> souligne Charles Lister sur X. <i>Celui-ci travaille directement avec l’ONU dans la programmation de l’aide pour plus de 2 millions de personnes déplacées.» </i>Des routes, des feux de signalisation, des bureaux de poste… <i>«Le discours est également plus léger et ouvert qu’avant, </i>souligne Oussama Chourbagi. <i>Ce sont des jihadistes, pas des combattants démocratiques, mais ils ne sont pas là pour appliquer la charia – pour l’instant.»</i>"},{"_id":"FYSYNHZ3CJF3TO6JOYUZYZ5CSM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068335609},"type":"text","content":"Outre le volet économique et social, le groupe a également développé depuis 2020 – date du cessez-le-feu dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie parrainé par Moscou et Ankara – un important volet militaire, qui a permis cette offensive éclair. Des unités s’apparentant à des forces d’opérations spéciales ont été développées pour mener des opérations secrètes, des raids, des opérations de nuit. <i>«Ce n’est plus seulement une bande de gars en colère qui veulent se venger avec des petits obus d’artillerie et des armes,</i> souligne Ayman Abdel Nour, ancien conseiller d’Al-Assad passé à l’opposition et exilé aux Etats-Unis. <i>Ce sont des combattants bien entraînés et hautement équipés, formés à la tactique, qui possèdent des drones. La Turquie les a soutenus pour qu’ils opèrent dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Une académie militaire a même été établie pour la première fois en ce sens dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie.»</i>"},{"_id":"ZB5QOTS2FZCVHFO3RNBJM2OYCI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733070999106},"type":"text","content":"En face, <i>«le régime a remplacé les milices expérimentées soutenues par l’Iran, dont le Hezbollah, par du personnel moins entraîné et mal équipé, ce qui a considérablement affaibli ses performances sur le champ de bataille»,</i> souligne Haid Haid, consultant pour le think tank Chatham House, dans la revue <i>Al-Majalla</i>. «<i>Cette opération a révélé à quel point les forces du régime étaient dispersées, y compris le long des lignes de front critiques.»</i> Forces qu’il s’efforce désormais de regrouper, pour éviter de s’effondrer."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Après l’assaut éclair qui a permis de reprendre la deuxième ville du pays dans la nuit de vendredi à samedi, les rebelles jihadistes d’Hayat Tahrir al-Sham et leurs alliés font face à une réplique lancée par le régime autour de la ville de Hama."},"description":{"basic":"Après l’assaut éclair qui a permis de reprendre la deuxième ville du pays dans la nuit de vendredi à samedi, les rebelles jihadistes d’Hayat Tahrir al-Sham et leurs alliés font face à une réplique lancée par le régime autour de Hama."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/moyen-orient","parent_id":"/international","name":"Moyen-Orient","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique des pays du Moyen-Orient sur Libération : Irak, Iran, Israël, Jordanie, Palestine, Arabie 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pose debout, fier et souriant sur le toit de chez lui. <i>«Après cinq ans d’errance, je retourne dans ma maison à Saraqeb»</i>, écrit Fouad Basbous au-dessus de la photo postée samedi matin sur son profil Facebook. Sa ville de la région d’Idlib, situé sur un axe stratégique de l’autoroute Damas-Alep, vient d’être <i>«à nouveau libérée»</i> par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/syrie-les-rebelles-jihadistes-disent-controler-la-majeure-partie-dalep-les-russes-menent-des-raids-inedits-20241130_LGHYGLL2PZDNFMEW4MZB5E2VGM/\" target=\"_blank\">l’offensive des groupes rebelles islamistes et alliés</a> dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie. <i>«Avec ma mère, ma femme et ma fille Maria, 4 ans, on s’est déplacés plusieurs fois ces cinq dernières années, d’un endroit à l’autre du territoire contrôlé par l’opposition. Les conditions étaient souvent difficiles malgré l’argent que j’avais mis de côté, car les prix des loyers ont flambé avec l’afflux de réfugiés dans la région»,</i> racontait dimanche 1er décembre l’ancien activiste reporter."},{"_id":"RTGFYPTS4NFYDPGHX3QGWGHQCY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149375},"type":"text","content":"Repris par le régime en 2019, au cours de la campagne de reconquête appuyée par l’armée russe, Saraqeb était resté sous contrôle de l’opposition entre 2012 et 2019. <i>«J’étais menacé autant par les forces du régime que par les gens du Front Al-Nosra qui m’avaient arrêté quand ils ont étendu leur domination sur la région d’Idlib»,</i> se souvient Fouad. Le groupe jihadiste Al-Nosra s’est depuis transformé en Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), aujourd’hui à la tête de l’offensive de <i>«re-libération»,</i> comme l’a baptisée le trentenaire."},{"_id":"YZ4EWCJWDREFRGGKWNQ4UQFQ2Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149376},"type":"text","content":"Le retour chez eux de déplacés de la région d’Idlib, et surtout d’Alep, la seconde ville du pays, a donné lieu à des retrouvailles bouleversantes, souvent filmées et aussitôt postées sur les réseaux sociaux. Des combattants originaires de la ville, qui ont pris part à <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/syrie-des-coups-de-feu-a-damas-les-rebelles-semparent-de-hama-apres-alep-20241130_2JLQYRLTGFGF3PVBZTJWUCE4XE/\" target=\"_blank\">l’offensive pour la reconquérir</a>, sont retournés chez eux, pour y retrouver parfois des proches ou amis restés sur place."},{"level":2,"_id":"5E57NRS3HJD6RNJ3QNZVUN34OI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149377},"type":"header","content":"Le «vœu» exaucé des enfants d’Alep"},{"_id":"2MWJPLLRJBFXJBEYWASGKSFJLY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149378},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ces jeunes qui, aujourd’hui, reprennent Alep, sont les enfants qui avaient été </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/12/23/sous-la-neige-alep-est-libere-de-ses-derniers-habitants_1537210/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>déportés sous la neige</i></a><i> avec leurs familles dans des autobus verts, en décembre 2016, après la prise d’Alep par le régime consécutive à des mois de siège et de bombardements»,</i> souligne un ancien colonel de l’Armée syrienne libre. Réfugié en Europe depuis 2017, ce haut gradé originaire d’Idlib a dû s’exiler après avoir combattu <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2013/04/10/syrie-le-front-rebelle-al-nosra-pretent-allegeance-au-chef-d-al-qaeda_895124/\" target=\"_blank\">les salafistes du Front Al-Nosra</a>. <i>«Les groupes à l’offensive aujourd’hui sont loin d’être des jihadistes et j’en connais certains, ou leurs pères,</i> poursuit l’ancien officier. <i>Même Abou Mohammed al-Joulani [le chef de HTS] n’est plus le même. Il a éliminé tous ses anciens compagnons d’Al-Qaeda.»</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"JTOJ2YD7WJHKPOWOQWYGN6S4ZY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"33T7LTBT3NBZHDYWMNYTQMAQJ4"},"title":"Analyse","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"RP2KHXQPZJAM5LAVKKUXMAKSEY","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"GLSKELMZXJE5JGIM7DOW2DPS6M","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Qu’est-ce que le groupe jihadiste Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, qui a ravi Alep au régime syrien ?","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/offensive-en-syrie-quest-ce-que-le-groupe-jihadiste-hayat-tahrir-al-sham-qui-a-ravi-au-regime-syrien-la-ville-dalep-20241130_K7OR3BLYVFC25MVKMTG4XCZLME/"}]},{"_id":"EWK43AZXU5C5RL27OYF7OXYGUQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149380},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Déplacés de force en 2016, ces enfants avaient juré de revenir à Alep quand ils grandiraient. Et maintenant, ils réalisent leur vœu»,</i> écrit un rebelle alépin sous une photo de jeunes adolescents prise il y a huit ans. Emerveillés et incrédules devant la rapidité et la facilité de leur entrée dans la ville, les combattants se sont pris en photo devant l’imposante citadelle historique d’Alep, la deuxième ville du pays, ou sur les places centrales, qui étaient toujours restées sous le contrôle du régime depuis le début de la guerre, en 2011."},{"_id":"GZPQRBFQKZC6NENUEYSEFBVA7U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149381},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Ici, mon frère a été emprisonné pendant quatre ans en raison de son opposition au règne d’Assad, comme tant d’autres»,</i> indique un internaute sous la photo d’un bâtiment des services de renseignements, dans le centre d’Alep. Des centaines de femmes et d’hommes détenus <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/une-condamnation-importante-pour-le-monde-entier-et-surtout-pour-la-syrie-a-paris-lespoir-de-justice-des-familles-de-disparus-20240525_4D7VFGQYANGGLKLLMKCYZOIRN4/\" target=\"_blank\">dans les geôles du régime de Bachar al-Assad</a> ont été libérés ces derniers jours. L’occasion de retrouvailles et d’émotions d’autant plus intenses que les familles des prisonniers étaient parfois sans nouvelles d’eux depuis des années."},{"level":2,"_id":"TBJJ6YCJOFAFDC6JSS66TTKEAE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149382},"type":"header","content":"«Revenir dans mon pays»"},{"_id":"KYOMYUAMRZB7RHFDM5PGJC5USE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149383},"type":"text","content":"Loin des effusions de joie, certains habitants de la ville, qui en compte environ deux millions, restent à l’inverse sidérés et angoissés par la soudaineté des événements et la prise de contrôle des groupes rebelles. <i>«Les dignes fils d’Alep envoient des messages pour rassurer la population restée dans la ville</i>, souligne un opposant au régime, qui plaide pour l’unité des Syriens. <i>Nous sommes des vôtres, vous êtes des nôtres, et la Syrie est à nous tous.»</i>"},{"_id":"TQ6EYCWI7NDRHCLHQQ3QW6A6K4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149384},"type":"text","content":"Jusque-là, les nouveaux maîtres d’Alep se sont certes comportés de façon très responsable, en évitant tout débordement et en protégeant les bâtiments publics et les banques. Ils ont aussi assuré qu’une administration civile se chargerait de gérer la ville après le retrait des groupes armés. Les craintes de certains habitants, considérés comme favorables au régime de Bachar al-Assad, ne se sont pas pour autant dissipées face à une coalition rebelle dominée par les islamistes. Une peur à laquelle s’ajoute désormais celle des bombardements aériens de l’armée syrienne et de l’aviation russe, qui ont fait leur retour ces derniers jours."},{"_id":"CSIXFJ5JGRBSTFFFWJO7AWCM7U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072149385},"type":"text","content":"<i>«En regardant une vidéo de gens qui retournent à Alep, je me suis dit que j’aurais le droit, moi aussi, de revenir dans mon pays. Ce que j’avais oublié ces dernières années</i>, écrit sur son compte Facebook le romancier syrien Omar Kaddour, réfugié en France depuis 2018. <i>Oui, nous avons le droit de revoir nos familles et ce qui reste de nos amis à l’intérieur. La détresse que nous vivons vient en partie du sentiment de ne pouvoir bénéficier de ce droit, auquel nous avons renoncé par désespoir.»</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Dans la ville reprise par les groupes rebelles samedi, les habitants délogés par l’armée du régime retrouvent leurs proches avec émotion, tandis que ceux qui étaient restés craignent les représailles."},"description":{"basic":"Dans la ville syrienne où les groupes rebelles ont chassé l’armée de Bachar al-Assad samedi, les habitants retrouvent leurs proches, entre soulagement et craintes de la suite."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/moyen-orient","parent_id":"/international","name":"Moyen-Orient","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique des pays du Moyen-Orient sur Libération : Irak, Iran, Israël, Jordanie, Palestine, Arabie 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le gouvernement prorusse du Premier ministre Irakli Kobakhidzé et l’opposition pro-Union européenne, soutenue par la présidente Salomé Zourabichvili, la crispation est encore montée d’un cran en Géorgie. Malgré trois nuits de protestations dans les rues, brutalement dispersées par la police, il n’y aura pas de nouvelles élections législatives, a affirmé le Premier ministre dimanche 1er décembre."},{"_id":"WMSQ5TP4HZEFXMZTEEP3LVCXDM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816931},"type":"text","content":"Kobakhidzé a répondu <i>«bien sûr que non»</i> à des journalistes qui lui demandaient si son gouvernement, accusé de dérive autoritaire et d’alignement sur Moscou, accepterait d’organiser un nouveau scrutin, après celui du 26 octobre, remporté par son parti, Rêve géorgien, et, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/georgie-apres-recomptage-des-voix-la-victoire-du-parti-au-pouvoir-est-validee-officiellement-20241031_C3UB7ZNKGNGZBKPP62CFJZYK6Q/\" target=\"_blank\">selon l’opposition, entaché d’irrégularités</a>. Ce soupçon se fonde notamment sur les conclusions d’un groupe d’observateurs électoraux qui ont évoqué un système complexe de fraude à grande échelle. Ce qu’a nié Rêve géorgien. Bruxelles a exigé une enquête sur ce qu’elle a qualifié de <i>«graves» </i>irrégularités et déclaré qu’elle enverrait une mission à Tbilissi dans les semaines à venir."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"CNVOYDY7CBCVHMLPLPP6TADL4Q","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"KW6H6TW45JCW5BHB7OUV7XPF74"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"6BK5662R6JBZFLZFDJMJY5PHJA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"GCSF562XOVBERIRUQBHW6XXISQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Salomé Zourabichvili, présidente de la Géorgie : «Nous faisons face au vol manifeste des élections»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/salome-zourabichvili-presidente-de-la-georgie-nous-faisons-face-au-vol-manifeste-des-elections-20241028_ONGFVTNIRFH6HDNOLM6ZRSMBAE/"}]},{"_id":"F4FRP7IX6BESDBSUY3KVB22LAU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816933},"type":"text","content":"De son côté, la Présidente, qui avait dénoncé le <i>«vol des élections» </i>dans un entretien avec <i>Libération</i>, a annoncé samedi 30 novembre qu’elle refuserait de rendre son mandat tant que de nouvelles législatives n’auront pas été organisées. <i>«Tant qu’il n’y aura pas de nouvelles élections et un Parlement qui élira un nouveau président selon de nouvelles règles, mon mandat se poursuivra»</i>, a-t-elle déclaré à l’AFP."},{"level":2,"_id":"B5GQLJZHZZBYBC427AJDNOJ2JM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816934},"type":"header","content":"Un ex-footballeur candidat à la présidence"},{"_id":"LECPTNNREJEFJEEIOAQLCTNH7Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816935},"type":"text","content":"Selon le calendrier institutionnel, le Parlement doit élire le prochain président le 14 décembre, deux semaines avant son investiture pour un mandat de cinq ans. En vertu des changements constitutionnels imposés par Rêve géorgien en 2017, le président sera pour la première fois choisi par un collège électoral et non par suffrage universel. La victoire semble dans ces conditions certaine pour le candidat désigné par la formation prorusse, Mikhaïl Kavelachvili, un ancien footballeur international de 53 ans, bien qu’il appartienne à une autre formation, Pouvoir au peuple."},{"_id":"F5XU6C4PYNG3XGUZW5M36TVRGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733051043210},"type":"text","content":"Tant les partis d’opposition que la Présidente jugent illégitime la nouvelle chambre, et Salomé Zourabichvili, qui a cherché à faire annuler les résultats par la Cour constitutionnelle, affirme : <i>«Personne, parmi nos partenaires démocratiques, n’a reconnu ces élections.» </i>Cette ancienne diplomate française, née à Paris, se présente comme la <i>«seule institution légitime du pays» </i>et a annoncé avoir mis en place un <i>«conseil national» </i>composé de partis d’opposition et de représentants de la société civile, qui assurera <i>«la stabilité dans le pays».</i>"},{"_id":"7EN2O4ITOFFZ7NPJFLYMVLOTVA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816937},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Lorsque les élections ne reflètent pas la volonté du peuple, alors le Parlement n’est pas légitime, ni le gouvernement, ni le président qu’ils doivent élire»</i> a-t-elle ajouté lors de son entretien avec l’AFP. Elle a en outre lancé un message à la communauté internationale : <i>«Pas de relations avec des représentants illégitimes de ce pays. Faites des affaires avec nous, nous représentons la population géorgienne.»</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"UVSFZMQ3TZBBNCGBA3JZNRKGGE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733051043216},"type":"header","content":"Report des négociations pour entrer dans l’UE"},{"_id":"6QWBQ4JZQVAMXHLKIVZKST2YF4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733072816939},"type":"text","content":"Depuis plus d’un mois, des dizaines de milliers de personnes sont descendues dans les rues pour protester contre la fraude électorale supposée et soutenir les efforts de la Présidente pour obtenir de nouvelles élections. En déclarant jeudi 26 novembre que la Géorgie ne cherchera pas à ouvrir <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/georgie-le-parti-au-pouvoir-suspend-les-negociations-dadhesion-a-lunion-europeenne-20241128_OIKF6563R5BVRPBF4BXYXNTZSU/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">des négociations d’adhésion avec l’UE</a> avant 2028, le Premier ministre a déclenché une nouvelle vague de protestations. Samedi soir, les manifestants pro-UE ont été attaqués à coups de canons à eau et de gaz lacrymogènes par la police devant le parlement à Tbilissi."},{"_id":"VPZZGWPGGFDHBEBHWLW7X5EUHU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053046936},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Nous avons voté pour l’Union européenne, pour la liberté, pour les droits humains. Et que fait notre gouvernement ? L’exact inverse»</i>, s’enflamme Ani Bakhtouridzé, 32 ans, une des manifestantes de samedi rencontrée par l’AFP. Convaincue comme tous ses amis que l’opposition gagnerait le 26 octobre, elle a ressenti un grand «désespoir» à la proclamation des résultats. Autour d’elle, certains évoquent l’idée de quitter le pays, mais elle pense qu’il faut rester pour résister face à ce parti au pouvoir depuis 2012."},{"_id":"476YOGQQIJC37JYI3GDZPKLLMA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053046939},"type":"text","content":"La Géorgie, ancienne république soviétique du Caucase, a vécu une année agitée, avec dès le printemps de grandes manifestations pour protester contre une loi sur <i>«l’influence étrangère»</i>, copie d’une législation russe répressive. Le texte a en fin de compte été voté, de même qu’une une autre législation inspirée par Moscou, qui <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/en-georgie-la-presidente-refuse-de-signer-la-loi-qui-restreint-les-droits-lgbt-20241002_IUGRLHFOXZFC5KXQOQ66STY2CQ/\" target=\"_blank\">restreint les droits des personnes LGBT+</a>."},{"_id":"H4DMAND2LZDNZN2GJLKSIWY5PA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733053046960},"type":"text","content":"Zack Tchkheidzé, professeur d’art de 40 ans, est de toutes les manifestations depuis plus de dix ans contre la politique du Rêve géorgien. Il compte continuer tant qu’il le faudra, même s’il doute que la mobilisation fera fléchir le pouvoir. <i>«Je n’ai pas besoin d’espoir, c’est mon pays,</i> conclut-il. <i>Si je ne me bats pas, personne ne le fera.»</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Le Premier ministre prorusse exclut de nouvelles élections, comme le réclament de grandes manifestations. 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de l’aide humanitaire à Gaza par un point de passage clé suspendue"},{"_id":"7PKYK4W7LBAKRM4PKPYCDKBNUQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180960},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/quest-ce-que-lunrwa-lagence-de-lonu-daide-aux-refugies-palestiniens-mise-en-cause-par-israel-20231204_WYTRZYNSNFFLTBRJKJAAITDYYE/\" target=\"_blank\">L’agence des Nations unies pour les réfugiés palestiniens (Unrwa)</a> a annoncé ce dimanche suspendre la livraison d’aide dans la bande de Gaza depuis un point de passage clé avec Israël, celui de Kerem Shalom, l’acheminement étant devenu<i> «impossible»</i>. Le chef de l’Unrwa, Philippe Lazzarini, a déploré une <i>«décision difficile […] alors que la faim s’aggrave rapidement» </i>dans le territoire déchiré par la guerre depuis près de 14 mois. La plupart des camions contenant de l’aide humanitaire entrent par le point de passage de Kerem Shalom à la frontière entre Israël et le sud de la bande de Gaza. Mais <i>«la route qui sort de ce point de passage n’est pas sûre depuis des mois. Le 16 novembre, un important convoi de camions d’aide a été volé par des bandes armées»</i>, ajoute Philippe Lazzarini. Samedi, <i>«nous avons essayé d’acheminer quelques camions de nourriture sur cette même route. Ils ont tous été pris», </i>écrit-il."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"GDASZCG3G5ELZIO5P4JKXBKKAY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"FRVCNKRL5BAQPDDX2JYNSLLFJY"},"title":"Interview","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"6SETQ7JSEVEBXF7U6XRNRYH2DI","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"JNJHNTVAEBA2ZLYL7MS64PF3O4","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Proche-Orient : pour la présidente de MSF, «nous sommes face à une campagne d’anéantissement de la population de Gaza»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/proche-orient-pour-la-presidente-de-msf-nous-sommes-face-a-une-campagne-daneantissement-de-la-population-de-gaza-20241115_J3O5WART7FHDZCON6DPAGB2PQI/"}]},{"level":2,"_id":"OP5GJSVY6ZC7XLBD5NPV3HC7M4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180962},"type":"header","content":"«Pas encore» de cessez-le-feu à Gaza, selon la Maison Blanche"},{"_id":"XZL4DYY7WNABFIBVPLZM5R7KXA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180963},"type":"text","content":"Les Etats-Unis <i>«travaillent activement»</i> à un cessez-le-feu entre Israël et le Hamas à Gaza, mais <i>«nous n’y sommes pas encore», </i>a déclaré ce dimanche Jake Sullivan, le conseiller à la sécurité nationale de la Maison Blanche.<i> «Il y aura d’autres discussions et consultations, et nous espérons pouvoir conclure un cessez-le-feu avec </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/il-ne-resterait-plus-quune-cinquantaine-dotages-vivants-a-gaza-selon-benyamin-netanyahou-20240924_GRTWL5X56BHMBCIWZCN4F6UQIQ/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>un accord sur les otages</i></a><i>»</i>, a déclaré ce conseiller du président américain Joe Biden, sur NBC, selon une retranscription de l’entretien publiée par la chaîne. Ce dimanche matin, lors d’un sommet du Conseil de coopération du Golfe (CCG), l’émir du Koweït a appelé à un cessez-le-feu immédiat, à <i>«une protection internationale pour les civils innocents et à garantir l’ouverture de corridors sûrs et l’arrivée d’une aide humanitaire urgente».</i>"},{"level":2,"_id":"Z6D3ESTDXVAFNBSRLLLP5EEQ5M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180964},"type":"header","content":"Deux Palestiniens tués en Cisjordanie par une frappe israélienne"},{"_id":"3NCDXXGV4BDFRBGVUCVN2HP3BY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180965},"type":"text","content":"Le ministère palestinien de la Santé a annoncé la mort de deux personnes à Siir, près de Jénine dans le nord de la Cisjordanie occupée, où l’armée israélienne dit avoir mené une frappe aérienne <i>«sur des terroristes»</i>. <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/en-cisjordanie-le-gout-amer-des-olives-de-la-guerre-20241027_OUZ7RGSHUBADNDEUWFH7BUUYEE/\" target=\"_blank\">Les violences en Cisjordanie</a>, territoire occupé par Israël depuis 1967, se sont aggravées depuis le début de la guerre dans la bande de Gaza le 7 octobre 2023, déclenchée par une attaque sans précédent du mouvement islamiste palestinien Hamas en Israël. Depuis, au moins 780 Palestiniens ont été tués par l’armée israélienne ou les colons, selon le ministère palestinien de la Santé. Au moins 24 Israéliens, dont des soldats, y ont péri dans des attaques palestiniennes ou dans des opérations militaires, d’après des responsables israéliens."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"KBIM2Q2MAVCAFAAMPXYZPKCATI","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"CVN3GJ7LNBFUNHZCHO46NSVFJQ"},"title":"Interview","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"KCCFNHQSXRF3HEUC75SBTZTR7U","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"OZJTO4YU2ZBO5EUYBFKUBDES5Y","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Agnès Levallois : «Le sort des Gazaouis est le cadet des soucis de Nétanyahou»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/agnes-levallois-le-sort-des-gazaouis-est-le-cadet-des-soucis-de-netanyahou-20241127_MTOZAWOSNZFRPJLTU45MHEXOHY/"}]},{"level":2,"_id":"RMWAWOXHRFGRZNOKEND762UKRM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180967},"type":"header","content":"Les rebelles houthis revendiquent un tir de missile contre Israël"},{"_id":"MHMPPGSHV5FU3KKUDEWQ72E7TQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733067180968},"type":"text","content":"<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/apres-le-recrutement-de-soldats-indiens-nepalais-et-nord-coreens-moscou-se-tourne-vers-des-rebelles-houthis-pour-se-battre-sur-le-front-ukrainien-20241127_KBWLVAIVXJBFVNZYO5D43VPWGI/\" target=\"_blank\">Les rebelles houthis du Yémen</a> ont affirmé ce dimanche avoir effectué un tir contre une <i>«cible vitale dans la région de Yafa [le nom arabe de Jaffa, ndlr] en Palestine occupée»</i>, dans le centre de l’Etat hébreu. Il a été <i>«mené avec un missile balistique hypersonique»</i>, ont déclaré les rebelles yéménites dans un communiqué. L’armée israélienne avait déclaré plus tôt qu’un <i>«projectile lancé depuis le Yémen avait été intercepté par les forces aériennes israéliennes avant son entrée sur le territoire israélien». </i>Le projectile a été intercepté après que des sirènes eurent retenti dans plusieurs régions du centre d’Israël à l’aube. Les rebelles yéménites, soutenus par l’Iran, ont déjà lancé plusieurs attaques contre Israël en affirmant agir en solidarité avec les Palestiniens de la bande de Gaza."},{"level":2,"_id":"BBX7PC3LJ5CUVKXDLMS3IPRMRY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Donald Trump nomme son nouveau conseiller pour le Moyen-Orient"},{"_id":"EIDUSTA2ZZDUBDJJJXWDJ7OASU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Le président américain élu a annoncé ce dimanche soir la nomination de son nouveau <i>«haut conseiller pour les affaires arabes et du Moyen-Orient»</i> : il s’agira de l’Américano-libanais Massad Boulos, père d’un de ses gendres. <i>«Massad est un bon négociateur et un partisan inébranlable de la PAIX au Moyen-Orient. Il sera un ardent défenseur des États-Unis et de leurs intérêts»</i>, a déclaré Donald Trump, alors que le conflit entre Israël et le Hamas mine la région depuis plus d’un an. Massad Boulos est le père de Michael Boulos, marié à l’une des filles de Donald Trump, Tiffany."},{"_id":"J4UMHKKHU5BSPLUBK5DL3ZMMSE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"<i><b>Mise à jour : </b></i><i>à 18h02, avec l’ajout de la nomination de Massad Boulos par Donald Trump.</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"L’essentiel des informations sur la guerre entre le Hamas et Israël ce dimanche 1er décembre."},"description":{"basic":"L’essentiel des informations sur la guerre entre le Hamas et Israël ce dimanche 1er décembre."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international","parent_id":"/","name":"International","description":"Tout savoir sur les dernières infos dans le monde avec Libération : conflits, crises humanitaires, guerres sur les différents continents.","_id":"/international","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/","default":"/","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/","amp-menu":"/","headernav":"/"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Tout savoir sur les dernières infos dans le monde avec Libération : conflits, crises humanitaires, guerres sur les différents continents.","site_title":"Actualité internationale : toute l’info dans le monde - 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Selon l'AFP, au moins 1 140 Israéliens ont été tuées, près de 250 autres enlevées, dont une centaine a depuis été libérée. Israël a riposté en bombardant Gaza avant d'envoyer ses soldats pour détruire l'organisation islamiste. Cette campagne, couplée à un blocus total de l'enclave, a entraîné une crise humanitaire majeure pour quelque 2 millions d'habitants dont 30 000 sont morts sous les bombes. Cette guerre a mis fin au processus de normalisation d'Israël avec plusieurs pays arabes et refait surgir la question palestinienne au premier plan.","text":"La guerre entre le Hamas et Israël","slug":"guerre-hamas-israel"},{"description":"Israël","text":"Israël","slug":"israel"},{"description":"Gaza, l'engrenage","text":"Gaza, l'engrenage","slug":"gaza-l-escalade"}]},"related_content":{"redirect":[],"clonedChildren":[],"basic":[],"clonedFromParent":[]},"type":"story","geo":{},"credits":{"by":[{"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":""}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":""}],"name":" LIBERATION","_id":"13090","additional_properties":{"original":{"firstName":"","lastName":"LIBERATION","role":"","books":[],"podcasts":[],"education":[],"awards":[],"_id":"13090","last_updated_date":"2021-01-16T15:59:59.938Z","byline":" 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de l’entrée d’aide humanitaire à Gaza, discussions pour un cessez-le-feu, nouveau conseiller de Trump… L’actu du conflit au Proche-Orient ce dimanche 1er décembre"},"websites":{"liberation":{"website_url":"/international/suspension-de-laide-humanitaire-a-gaza-discussions-pour-un-cessez-le-feu-lactu-du-conflit-au-proche-orient-ce-dimanche-1er-decembre-20241201_CUJSZLVFVNFLTKNBFNOQMBDL54/","website_section":{"path":"/international","parent":{"default":"/"},"_website":"liberation","parent_id":"/","name":"International","description":"Tout savoir sur les dernières infos dans le monde avec Libération : conflits, crises humanitaires, guerres sur les différents 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relais pro-ukrainiens, dont le <a href=\"https://x.com/igorsushko/status/1862732460192313745\" target=\"_blank\">compte coutumier du partage de fausses informations Igor Sushko</a> dans un post dépassant les 10 millions de vues, ont partagé ce week-end des vidéos d’opérations des forces du régime russe opérant dans différentes boîtes de nuit de Moscou. On y voit des personnes plaquées au sol, ou attendre assises, les mains derrière la tête, alors que des hommes en uniforme arpentent la salle. Certains comptes comme Igor Sushko décrivent la scène comme une mobilisation forcée, mais le contexte rapporté par la presse russe et les canaux Telegram sérieux semble plutôt être la répression de minorités sexuelles et de genre, que la Russie désigne comme étant <i>«l’idéologie du mouvement LGBT».</i>"},{"subtype":"twitter","referent":{"referent_properties":{"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1733072380118}},"provider":"https://publish.x.com/oembed?url=","service":"oembed","id":"https://x.com/olex_scherba/status/1862847148678639978","type":"twitter"},"_id":"RV522NMSVREMFOM7W3WKN3CP7I","raw_oembed":{"author_name":"olexander scherba🇺🇦","cache_age":"3153600000","provider_url":"https://twitter.com","type":"twitter","version":"1.0","url":"https://twitter.com/olex_scherba/status/1862847148678639978","author_url":"https://twitter.com/olex_scherba","width":550,"html":"<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Moscow. A crackdown on a nightclub - under the anti-LGBT law. <a href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ruZZia?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ruZZia</a> <a href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StandWithUkraine?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StandWithUkraine</a> <a href=\"https://t.co/Fm9KFJdR37\">pic.twitter.com/Fm9KFJdR37</a></p>— olexander scherba🇺🇦 (@olex_scherba) <a href=\"https://twitter.com/olex_scherba/status/1862847148678639978?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 30, 2024</a></blockquote>\n<script async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n\n","_id":"https://x.com/olex_scherba/status/1862847148678639978","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1733072380118},"provider_name":"Twitter","height":null},"type":"oembed_response"},{"_id":"J46MF2NXBRG73DI3QSZ72HLTEE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733057252202},"type":"text","content":"Le raid, qui a eu lieu dans la nuit du vendredi 29 novembre au samedi 30 novembre, est initialement rapporté par différents canaux Telegram russes comme <a href=\"https://t.me/bazabazon/33226\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Baza</i></a><i> </i>ou <a href=\"https://t.me/shot_shot/74721\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Shot</i></a>, puis repris par des titres de presse comme le très sérieux <a href=\"https://meduza.io/news/2024/11/30/politsiya-provela-reydy-v-treh-moskovskih-nochnyh-klubah\" target=\"_blank\">média d’opposition <i>Meduza</i></a>. L’opération policière a été menée dans trois clubs de Moscou : Arma, Mono et Inferno. Un quatrième, Simach, <a href=\"https://zona.media/news/2024/11/30/clubs\" target=\"_blank\">évoqué par certains</a>, <a href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/DC_XACKCsLO/\" target=\"_blank\">nie avoir été touché</a>. Le club Arma, anciennement Matador, était déjà au centre d’une autre polémique fin-2023 après une <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/en-russie-une-soiree-coquine-mene-a-lechafaud-social-20231228_G4HLLMTK25AUXLGM36PBWWI4M4/\" target=\"_blank\">soirée dénudée organisée dans l’établissement par l’élite moscovite</a>."},{"subtype":"twitter","referent":{"referent_properties":{"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1733072380120}},"provider":"https://publish.x.com/oembed?url=","service":"oembed","id":"https://x.com/Gerashchenko_en/status/1862831317689241786","type":"twitter"},"_id":"56TGQX7BUVGOZNYRUFB4DUI2OA","raw_oembed":{"author_name":"Anton Gerashchenko","cache_age":"3153600000","provider_url":"https://twitter.com","type":"twitter","version":"1.0","url":"https://twitter.com/Gerashchenko_en/status/1862831317689241786","author_url":"https://twitter.com/Gerashchenko_en","width":550,"html":"<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Last night, law enforcement officers conducted raids in Moscow's clubs. The video shows 'Mutabor' (now called Arma). It is reported that visitors spent several hours on the floor.<br><br>TASS, citing the press service of the Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs, stated that the raids in… <a href=\"https://t.co/FSaSDKf0fj\">pic.twitter.com/FSaSDKf0fj</a></p>— Anton Gerashchenko (@Gerashchenko_en) <a href=\"https://twitter.com/Gerashchenko_en/status/1862831317689241786?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 30, 2024</a></blockquote>\n<script async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n\n","_id":"https://x.com/Gerashchenko_en/status/1862831317689241786","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1733072380120},"provider_name":"Twitter","height":null},"type":"oembed_response"},{"_id":"6MVR3RZGY5C2FCT4X2XRIJM6UM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068255928},"type":"text","content":"D’après un communiqué diffusé dès samedi matin sur le site du ministère de l’Intérieur et <a href=\"https://archive.is/f4aio\" target=\"_blank\">consulté par <i>CheckNews</i></a>, l’opération menée par la police et le FSB (services de sécurité intérieure de Russie, héritiers du KGB) au club Inferno (qui <a href=\"https://www.interfax.ru/moscow/995292\" target=\"_blank\">n’est pas explicitement mentionné dans le message</a>) visait à <i>«identifier les activités illégales»</i> du club. Toujours d’après le communiqué, l’établissement <i>«promouvait l’idéologie du mouvement LGBT, qui est bannie en Fédération de Russie» </i>et vendait de l’alcool sans licence. La police affirme également avoir trouvé et saisi des armes lors de son intervention."},{"level":2,"_id":"LEWWP7F3F5FN3JIY4HTK326XNU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733071944854},"type":"header","content":"«Fêtes trans et LGBT interdites»"},{"_id":"HCJUQJERCBH5RESKB5QHFKI7HA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733071944855},"type":"text","content":"Les deux autres clubs ne sont pas désignés, mais d’après l’agence de presse d’Etat russe, <a href=\"https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/22540249\" target=\"_blank\">TASS</a>, qui cite des agences régaliennes, ce sont bien des contrôles pour les mêmes raisons qui ont eu lieu à Arma et Mono après des <i>«plaintes de résidents». </i>Certains titres relèvent un post Telegram fait le 8 novembre par une représentante municipale locale, Ita Cherkesova, qui avait <a href=\"https://t.me/RedBut/2066\" target=\"_blank\">publiquement dénoncé</a> l’organisation de <i>«fêtes trans et LGBT interdites» </i>à Inferno, photos de drag-queens à l’appui."},{"_id":"BRUGOFPAPJACTCO26CMIJMSMGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068255930},"type":"text","content":"D’après le <a href=\"https://t.me/bazabazon/33227\" target=\"_blank\">canal Telegram Baza</a>, qui livre un récit détaillé de l’opération de police qui a eu lieu à Arma, les contrôles de police se seraient plutôt concentrés sur l’usage de stupéfiants, pour lequel <i>«des douzaines de personnes»</i> auraient été arrêtées. Différentes photos et vidéos, qu’il est difficile d’authentifier, sont partagées comme montrant différents stupéfiants qui auraient été saisis."},{"_id":"53QWRFIPZFCJNCQRVXUU2UBG2I","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068255931},"type":"text","content":"Dans une vidéo géolocalisée par <i>CheckNews, </i>on voit le début de la perquisition menée dans le club Inferno, filmée par une personne qui accompagne les agents russes. Les hommes et les femmes présents dans l’établissement sont mis à terre, certains sont frappés ou menacés. Un homme en uniforme oblige un homme en sous-vêtements à écarter les cuisses, avant de faire fonctionner une matraque électrique à quelques centimètres de son entrejambe. D’autres photos, diffusées sur des canaux nationalistes, montrent le visage de deux des hommes visibles au sol dans la vidéo, mais aussi le contenu du téléphone de l’un des deux, visible aux côtés d’un autre homme torse nus. Des procédés qui cherchent visiblement à humilier et à «outer» (révéler publiquement l’homosexualité) de ces personnes. Ces opérations ont eu lieu un an jour pour jour après <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/russie-la-cour-supreme-bannit-le-mouvement-lgbt-pour-extremisme-20231130_VHRM3P5HUZBCHECNDQL3HFN7HQ/\" target=\"_blank\">l’interdiction par la Cour suprême russe du mouvement <i>«international» </i>LGBT + ainsi que de toutes ses <i>«filiales» </i>dans le pays</a> pour «extrémisme», le 30 novembre 2023."},{"level":2,"_id":"XVXAOEN6IRHOJBQPLHS3TPPC2E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733071944858},"type":"header","content":"Un traitement différencié en fonction du genre"},{"_id":"F7L2ZJCHGJFNNPMV5CHXYJPMOI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733069138087},"type":"text","content":"La police aurait-elle pu profiter de ce raid pour convoquer des jeunes hommes présents sur les lieux ? Ce type d’opérations existent, en témoigne <a href=\"https://msk1.ru/text/gorod/2024/11/24/74372213/\" target=\"_blank\">celle qui a eu lieu il y a quelques jours</a> dans les dortoirs du conservatoire de Moscou. Mais ici, <i>CheckNews </i>n’a pas réussi à déterminer précisément l’ampleur et la nature précise de la manœuvre."},{"_id":"BRUGOFPAPJACTCO26CMIJMSMGM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733068255930},"type":"text","content":"Lors des opérations menées dans les clubs, différents témoignages <a href=\"https://msk1.ru/text/incidents/2024/11/30/74396189/\" target=\"_blank\">recueillis par la presse</a> mentionnent un traitement différencié en fonction du genre pendant l’opération de police, notamment le fait que les femmes aient été relâchées avant les hommes. Mais la seule mention de convocations aux bureaux de mobilisations qui auraient été délivrés à certaines «<i>jeunes personnes directement dans les locaux du club</i>» est rapportée par <a href=\"https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2024/11/30/siloviki-nagrianuli-s-reidami-protiv-mezhdunarodnogo-dvizheniia-lgbt-v-neskolko-nochnykh-klubov-moskvy-news\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Novaya Gazeta</i></a>, qui ne donne aucun détail."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Des fêtards au sol ou les mains sur la tête malmenés par des hommes en uniforme de police et du FSB ont été filmés dans différents clubs de Moscou. Mais contrairement à ce qu’affirment nombreux commentateurs sur les réseaux, le but revendiqué de l’opération serait en fait la lutte contre «l’idéologie LGBT», criminalisée dans le pays."},"description":{"basic":"Des fêtards au sol ou les mains sur la tête malmenés par des hommes en uniforme de police et du FSB ont été filmés dans différents clubs de Moscou. 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A partir de ce dimanche 1er décembre, à la faveur de l’entrée en vigueur <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/les-proxenetes-belges-peuvent-ils-deposer-une-plainte-officielle-si-les-personnes-prostituees-refusent-des-relations-sexuelles-20240517_46E3EQ7JW5BYFN6B5X3CYG754Q/?redirected=1\" target=\"_blank\">d’une loi adoptée en mai par le Parlement belge</a>, les droits des travailleurs et travailleuses du sexe y seront régis par un contrat de travail. Après avoir décriminalisé la prostitution en 2022, la Belgique devient le premier pays au monde à accorder un véritable statut aux personnes l’exerçant."},{"_id":"RIAXBYWMCRHFPLJARYQBCSWAZ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064716929},"type":"text","content":"Pendant ces deux années, il régnait en quelque sorte un flou : le travail du sexe était toléré mais pas reconnu. <i>«Auparavant, chaque personne qui embauchait quelqu’un pour faire du travail du sexe, était un proxénète selon la loi, </i>a résumé auprès du média belge <a href=\"https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/societe/premiere-mondiale-la-belgique-accorde-un-statut-social-aux-travailleuses-et/2024-11-30/article/730281\" target=\"_blank\">RTL info </a>Daan Bauwens, directeur de l’Union des Travailleur·euses du sexe (Utsopi). <i>Mais, la loi n’était pas appliquée. Cela veut dire que c’était la porte ouverte à l’exploitation. Désormais, il sera possible légalement d’embaucher une personne en respectant des normes minimales.»</i>"},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"VMBDEGNVX5E3JDUBIVVV3KZ2TA","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"SRX2ZPBEHFDTJKWLMMYW57PAZM"},"title":"En France","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"WSKUP2Y5JBHV7IEQBJJDSNBK3Y","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"O4OB5JG6PJHBHPLIS544EPUXHE","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Stratégie de lutte contre la prostitution : le gouvernement réaffirme sa «position abolitionniste»","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/droits-des-femmes/strategie-de-lutte-contre-la-prostitution-le-gouvernement-reaffirme-sa-position-abolitionniste-20240502_EIFX6RV7TFFBLNBWWIRVTSVVUI/"}]},{"_id":"RIAXBYWMCRHFPLJARYQBCSWAZ4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064716929},"type":"text","content":"Cette loi ouvre aux travailleurs et – surtout, car elles représentent l’écrasante majorité du milieu – travailleuses du sexe <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/societe/elles-devraient-avoir-les-memes-droits-que-nimporte-qui-un-rapport-propose-une-alternative-au-systeme-francais-pour-les-travailleuses-du-sexe-20230602_WW64WAPBLFDLJLMCDHLUPGE4SE/\" target=\"_blank\">les mêmes droits que les autres salariés</a> : accès à l’assurance-maladie, droit au chômage, cotisations retraite, congés payés, congés maternité… Le texte entend <i>«rappeler l’importance, d’autant plus grande dans ce secteur, du consentement libre du travailleur» </i>:<i> «Il n’appartient qu’à lui de consentir ou non à un acte sexuel, quels que soient les modalités ou les accords préalablement convenus avec le client ou l’employeur.»</i>"},{"_id":"ICDBTAQO5FDW5GJWBR7AJLESAA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733069265862},"type":"text","content":"Il sacralise quatre libertés fondamentales : le droit de refuser un client, le droit de refuser des actes sexuels spécifiques, le droit d’interrompre ou d’arrêter l’activité à tout moment et le droit d’imposer ses propres conditions à l’activité ou l’acte sexuel, c’est-à-dire d’indiquer à un client les actes qu’il est prêt à accomplir et sous quelles conditions."},{"level":2,"_id":"5XR2KWB26JGRJE6HV3UPA2GSK4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064716930},"type":"header","content":"«Conditions strictes»"},{"_id":"5XR2KWB26JGRJE6HV3UPA2GSK4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733064716930},"type":"text","content":"Les employeurs devront obtenir un agrément préalable <i>«assorti de conditions strictes en matière de santé et de sécurité au travail», </i>notamment une taille minimale des chambres, la mise à disposition de protections, des conditions d’hygiène décentes, ou encore la présence permanente d’un<i> «bouton d’urgence», </i>permettant <i>«au travailleur du sexe de contacter immédiatement [s] a personne de référence». </i>Faute d’agrément, une personne embauchant un travailleur ou une travailleuse du sexe ne pourra pas <i>«être considérée comme un employeur au sens de la présente loi» </i>et pourra donc <i>«éventuellement être poursuivie pour proxénétisme au sens du code pénal».</i>"},{"_id":"FWYUBJ3IYFBSNLX773ALEN4CRU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733069265865},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Cette loi est une étape historique dans la lutte pour les droits des travailleurs et travailleuses du sexe»,</i> s’est réjoui Utsopi. En mai, après l’adoption de la loi, Daan Bauwens avait expliqué à <i>Libération</i> qu’un certain nombre de questions, <i>«notamment celles liées à un salaire minimum et à la rémunération à la prestation»</i> restaient encore à résoudre, et qu’elles le seraient <i>«par de futures conventions collectives, qui vont être créées et négociées».</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"A partir de ce dimanche 1er décembre, les travailleuses et travailleuses du sexe belges sont désormais protégés par un véritable statut et des droits du travail."},"description":{"basic":"A partir de ce dimanche 1er décembre, les travailleuses et travailleuses du sexe belges sont désormais protégés par un véritable statut et des droits du travail."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/europe","parent_id":"/international","name":"Europe","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur 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quoi refermer <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/guerre-en-ukraine-volodymyr-zelensky-ouvre-la-porte-a-un-cessez-le-feu-en-fonction-de-la-protection-de-lotan-20241130_UMCISCJ6MRGEPDODTRW6K2E2IQ/\" target=\"_blank\">la porte récemment entrouverte</a>. Le président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky a affirmé ce dimanche 1er décembre que son pays a besoin de plus d’armes et des garanties de sécurité de l’Otan avant d’éventuelles négociations avec la Russie pour mettre un terme à <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/apres-le-recrutement-de-soldats-indiens-nepalais-et-nord-coreens-moscou-se-tourne-vers-des-rebelles-houthis-pour-se-battre-sur-le-front-ukrainien-20241127_KBWLVAIVXJBFVNZYO5D43VPWGI/\" target=\"_blank\">l’invasion de l’Ukraine</a> lancée en 2022."},{"_id":"2ZXHF6KYSBBPZMQT5TIVFSNLCM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Alors que les appels à entamer des négociations avec Moscou se font plus pressants, y compris chez les alliés de Kyiv, Volodymyr Zelensky a assuré que son pays avait besoin <i>«d’armes, y compris un bon nombre ou un nombre suffisant d’armes à longue distance, de différents types»</i>. Il a aussi évoqué la nécessité <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/ce-que-lon-sait-dun-eventuel-envoi-de-soldats-francais-en-ukraine-20241127_73EAOFMOZVA4VF7NCDP3E6UHBA/\" target=\"_blank\">d’un<i> «pas en avant avec l’Otan»</i></a><i>. «L’invitation de l’Ukraine à adhérer à l’Otan est nécessaire à notre survie»</i>, a-t-il plaidé, alors que Moscou affirme avoir lancé son invasion pour empêcher notamment un rapprochement entre Kyiv et l’Alliance atlantique. <i>«Ce n’est que lorsque nous aurons tous ces éléments et que nous serons forts que nous devrons établir […] l’ordre du jour de la réunion avec les assassins»</i>, a estimé le chef de l’Etat ukrainien."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"SEPQIVUNENC3PLO5EXLZ23YCHE","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"3JSLSVJI75H43IVEIEVNBJF2U4"},"title":"Analyse","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"LY4U4VBWNREPVP5QQH773FRHGA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"LYWO3SDM7NCABPJYE376DGLVYM","type":"interstitial_link","content":"En Ukraine, des combats incessants pour des gains minimes","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/en-ukraine-des-combats-incessants-pour-des-gains-minimes-20241122_6WROOP2JURAZTMXN3CXG7JYATU/"}]},{"_id":"T6NZPFOIYJGFPIGNLOZUVJPIDA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Volodymyr Zelensky s’exprimait après une rencontre avec la nouvelle cheffe de la diplomatie européenne, Kaja Kallas, et le nouveau président du Conseil européen, Antonio Costa, tous deux en visite symbolique de soutien à Kyiv au premier jour de leur mandat. Ce voyage intervient alors que les tensions sont au plus haut entre Moscou et les Occidentaux après des frappes par l’Ukraine de missiles américains et britanniques sur le sol russe et le tir par la Russie<a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/avec-les-tirs-sur-dnipro-vladimir-poutine-le-voisin-fou-fait-il-des-essais-de-missiles-sur-lukraine-20241121_THCKQHHLDJEWRPRLMS5BQ4JBSU/\" target=\"_blank\"> d’un missile hypersonique expérimental </a>et des menaces nucléaires."},{"_id":"5JTZCZT76NCLHALVK6KDJRR6FI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Vendredi, Volodymyr Zelensky avait appelé l’Otan à offrir sa protection aux régions d’Ukraine encore contrôlées par Kyiv et a laissé entendre qu’il serait alors prêt à renoncer dans l’immédiat à récupérer les territoires occupés par la Russie. Vladimir Poutine réclame de son côté que l’Ukraine cède quatre régions du sud et de l’est que la Russie occupe partiellement, en plus de la Crimée annexée en 2014, et renonce à intégrer l’Otan."},{"level":2,"_id":"Z6OVJYGLCBG4LFNRR5D2NG2CNQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"header","content":"Difficultés sur le front"},{"_id":"LUHUHXQ4XVHV5OAHG6TFSOZXL4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Ces discussions interviennent à un moment où l’arrivée prochaine de Donald Trump à la Maison Blanche fait craindre un arrêt de l’aide américaine à Kiev et que les forces ukrainiennes reculent sur le front. Signe de ces difficultés, l’armée russe a revendiqué ce dimanche la capture de deux nouveaux villages dans l’est de l’Ukraine, Illinka et Petrivka, dans une région où ses avancées se sont accélérées à un niveau qui n’avait plus été vu depuis les toutes premières semaines de la guerre. Les frappes russes se poursuivaient aussi. A Kherson, dans le sud de l’Ukraine, trois personnes ont été tuées et 11 blessées dans l’explosion d’un mini-bus ce dimanche, selon les autorités locales."},{"_id":"MAP6YS3M4JF4RBXQ5QQ5S6MZKQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"L’Ukraine a aussi été visée ces dernières semaines par plusieurs vagues de frappes visant ses infrastructures énergétiques, qui ont provoqué des coupures massives de courant à l’approche de l’hiver."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"A l’occasion d’un déplacement de deux représentants de l’UE à Kyiv ce dimanche 1er décembre, le président ukrainien a rappelé le besoin d’être «fort» pour discuter d’un éventuel cessez-le-feu avec Moscou."},"description":{"basic":"A l’occasion d’un déplacement de deux représentants de l’UE à Kyiv ce dimanche 1er décembre, le président ukrainien a rappelé le besoin d’être « fort » pour discuter d’un éventuel cessez-le-feu avec Moscou."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/europe","parent_id":"/international","name":"Europe","description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, Ukraine...","_id":"/international/europe","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/international","default":"/international","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/international","amp-menu":"/international","headernav":"/international"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité politique et économique en Europe sur Libération : Allemagne, Espagne, Italie, Belgique, Grèce, Hongrie, Ukraine...","site_title":"Europe : actualités et infos sur le continent européen - 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Un conflit qui s'enracine autour de lignes de front qui vont de l'est au sud du pays, de villes martyres dont certaines ont été reconquises après des mois d'occupation russe, et de l'approvisionnement de matières premières et d'énergie devenues de véritables armes diplomatiques.","text":"Guerre entre l'Ukraine et la Russie","slug":"ukraine-la-crise"},{"description":"Ukraine","text":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine"},{"description":"Russie","text":"Russie","slug":"russie"},{"description":"Otan","text":"Otan","slug":"otan"}]},"related_content":{"redirect":[],"basic":[]},"type":"story","geo":{},"credits":{"by":[{"socialLinks":[{"site":"email","deprecated":true,"deprecation_msg":"Please use social_links.","url":""}],"social_links":[{"site":"email","url":""}],"name":" 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un investissement est décidé à Détroit, nous le célébrons ici.</i>» Du haut de la mairie de Windsor (Ontario), où l’on aperçoit les gratte-ciel de General Motors de l’autre côté de la rivière, Drew Dilkens n’a d’autre choix que de défendre l’intense relation économique de la ville canadienne avec le voisin américain. 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Le président élu ajoute que les droits de douane resteront en place «<i>jusqu’à ce que les drogues, </i><a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/le-fentanyl-est-il-vraiment-la-premiere-cause-de-mortalite-aux-etats-unis-comme-laffirme-gerald-darmanin-20240517_ZNI5AVXSLFGOTAHZ7VZDYQ5ZSA/\" target=\"_blank\"><i>en particulier le fentanyl</i></a><i>, et tous les immigrants illégaux arrêtent cette invasion de notre pays</i>». Autant dire, un horizon bien incertain."},{"_id":"6H2RM33ZBZF7PNME65RSBQICIU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025472},"type":"text","content":"A la sortie de l’usine Stellantis, où 4 200 employés assemblent des minivans Chrysler et Dodge pour le premier employeur de Windsor, la menace est fraîchement accueillie. «<i>Je n’étais pas heureuse d’entendre ça</i>, affirme April Oles, qui travaille à la production de batteries. <i>Ce serait mauvais pour nous mais aussi pour toute l’économie</i>. <i>J’espère qu’il y a encore une possibilité d’avoir un dialogue pour empêcher ça, mais je ne sais pas si c’est le cas.</i>» «<i>On s’attend à ce que la bombe soit larguée à tout moment</i>», illustre une collègue qui ne veut pas s’attarder."},{"_id":"NITUV3TIGRH5BIPMCYRJRZWKDM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025473},"type":"text","content":"«<i>C’est un peu mordre la main qui vous nourrit, 85 % de ce qu’on produit est exporté là-bas</i>», analyse Ian, électricien depuis trente ans, qui note que ce sont les constructeurs américains, implantés au Canada, qui verraient en fin de compte les prix de leurs véhicules grimper aux Etats-Unis. Si quelques voix comprennent la position de Trump, voire pensent que «<i>nos dirigeants devraient faire pareil</i>», d’autres ouvriers ne sont pas impressionnés. «<i>C’est ce que fait à chaque fois Trump. C’est un négociateur, il allume un feu et c’est du bluff</i>», relativise Andrew Ferrari, diplômé en informatique mais qui préfère bosser sur la ligne de production «<i>qui paie bien</i>»."},{"level":2,"_id":"ERL3YTSO3BEKFHQEWRS56I33LU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025474},"type":"header","content":"«Que peut-on y faire ?»"},{"_id":"JLHDO3KYS5CXTBWHFEIXG3X6ZQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025475},"type":"text","content":"Un peu plus loin, à une station essence, les camionneurs sont aux premières loges des échanges entre les deux voisins nord-américains. Et l’épisode leur rappelle celui de 2018 quand Donald Trump, déjà, avait imposé des droits de douane sur l’acier (25 %) et l’aluminium (10 %) canadiens, avant de les lever lors de la renégociation du traité de libre-échange avec le Canada et le Mexique (l’Alena, devenu Aceum en 2020). «<i>On a été très occupés juste avant, quand les entreprises voulaient faire rentrer toute la marchandise aux Etats-Unis, puis ça a été très calme pendant quatre mois</i>», se souvient Prabhjot Basra."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Steve Koss","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"3340d189e3cb4ca8933a98d96e07fa0a3bae4136a1d26a6fa02cc858242ea805"},"caption":"«Dans l’industrie du transport routier, on dit qu’une baisse d’activité aux Etats-Unis provoque le double pour nous», indique Karnvir Benepal.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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% de ce qu’on fait, c’est transporter des pièces des deux côtés de la frontière</i>», décrit Andrew Andris, routier depuis vingt-deux ans. «<i>Pour moi, ça n’avait rien changé, mais mon frère bosse dans l’acier et il a eu un gros trou d’activité. Ça m’inquiète si les pièces automobiles sont incluses là-dedans cette fois-ci</i>», ajoute cet habitué des trajets vers la Floride, en se demandant s’il n’y aura pas des exceptions malgré tout. «<i>Dans l’industrie du transport routier, on dit qu’une baisse d’activité aux Etats-Unis provoque le double pour nous</i>», indique Karnvir Benepal, qui s’apprête à se rendre au Texas, à deux jours et demi de route, avec une cargaison de moules d’injection plastique. «<i>Mais que peut-on y faire ?</i>» questionne-t-il."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"APYUXO5DSNGG3DRYJED5J6WZVY","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"LXA4PNQRM5GGXLYQL6AJZ6HJS4"},"title":"La galaxie Trump","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"NDJTHWKVGRHBNOALUOKGGBSVIA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"2YKVDIIVENDE3JS3HLQ4CD7CBY","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Fidèles, climatosceptiques, médecin sulfureux, milliardaires… Avec qui va gouverner le président élu ?","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/la-galaxie-trump-fideles-parmi-les-fideles-climatosceptiques-medecin-sulfureux-milliardaires-avec-qui-va-gouverner-le-president-elu-20241126_V3QTXC3VRVGR5J6RVEKMFQXS2E/"}]},{"_id":"CKD7DVRIENANTIHE2QZ54M2WVM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025478},"type":"text","content":"Chez les décideurs politiques, les intentions profondes de Donald Trump restent dures à cerner. «<i>Lutter contre la drogue et la sécurité à la frontière, ce sont des objectifs communs, mais est-ce vraiment son sujet ?</i>» s’interroge Drew Dilkens. Il suspecte le président élu de vouloir forcer une renégociation de l’Aceum. <i>«Il pense peut-être avoir laissé des choses à la table de négociations en 2019»</i>, suppose cet avocat, qui «<i>aime bien le deal actuel</i>». Un accord dont le Canada profite puisque, en 2023, il a davantage vendu à son voisin américain (<a href=\"https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2122463/commerce-canada-etats-unis-chiffres\" target=\"_blank\">79 % de la valeur de ses exportations</a>), notamment grâce au pétrole, qu’il n’a acheté (49 % de ses importations)."},{"_id":"AQUFZD6NFNH4LP4MLIHCDP4KOM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025479},"type":"text","content":"Pour le député de Windsor, Brian Masse, l’annonce de Trump pourrait être «<i>une distraction pour s’en prendre à d’autres choses, comme la taxe de 3 % sur les Gafam</i>». Pour Lana Payne, présidente nationale du grand syndicat canadien du secteur privé, Unifor, «<i>créer du chaos fait partie de la stratégie</i>» de Trump. Elle y voit aussi une manière, pour le futur président, «<i>de s’attaquer aux investissements</i>», un domaine dans lequel le Canada a excellé ces dernières années – en particulier dans l’industrie automobile, lorsqu’il s’est aligné sur les allègements fiscaux conçus par Joe Biden, puis la taxation à 100 % des véhicules électriques chinois, dans un autre geste de mimétisme."},{"level":2,"_id":"QO3PQX3QPZC4JH4F3667QNP3AI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025482},"type":"header","content":"«Justin Trudeau n’a plus le capital politique»"},{"_id":"3ASYKEJ2IJEOFG7VSGOVPT6UFI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025481},"type":"text","content":"En bordure de Windsor justement, une immense usine de batteries électriques portée par le groupe Stellantis est en voie d’achèvement. Le constructeur international a obtenu des autorités locales et nationales des allègements fiscaux pouvant aller jusqu’à 15 milliards de dollars canadiens (10,3 milliards d’euros) sur dix ans, pour 2 500 emplois et conditionnés à la production. Juste avant cela, Volkswagen a négocié un deal d’ampleur similaire à St-Thomas, à deux heures de route, avec 13,2 milliards de dollars canadiens à la clé. Mais contractuellement, ces incitations canadiennes doivent disparaître si Donald Trump détricote l’Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/usa-le-plan-biden-pour-la-sante-et-le-climat-enfin-adopte-20220808_NORJLTIEKZHIBMWX3NTNPV2L5Q/\" target=\"_blank\">une loi majeure de la présidence Biden</a>."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"liberation"},"copyright":"Steve Koss","address":{},"syndication":{},"auth":{"1":"51920c3a79b5e8a3ea6a14ac040ac7012635c220587969018d522e6179fdfb4a"},"caption":"L'usine Stellantis, où 4 200 employés assemblent des minivans Chrysler et Dodge, est le premier employeur de Windsor.","source":{"system":"photo center","edit_url":"","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo 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autre menace pour l’industrie automobile canadienne ? «<i>Bonne question, </i>s’interroge Brian Masse, qui note que Trump n’est pas dénué de paradoxes. <i>D’un côté, il veut défendre l’industrie pétrolière, mais de l’autre, il s’est entouré d’Elon Musk»</i>, qui a fait fortune grâce aux voitures électriques Tesla. Pour faire plier Donald Trump, le député de Windsor prône une approche canadienne encore plus agressive que lors de son premier mandat. «<i>On avait monté une team Canada très efficace</i>», se souvient de son côté le maire, Drew Dilkens, laquelle était parvenue à faire la démonstration que l’offensive protectionniste de Trump serait néfaste aux deux économies. Mais le Premier ministre <i>«Justin Trudeau n’a plus le capital politique pour le refaire»</i>, tacle-t-il. La patronne syndicale, Lana Payne, parle «<i>d’un moment très grave</i>», qui doit aussi être l’occasion de «<i>tirer des leçons pour rendre notre économie aussi résiliente que possible</i>»."},{"_id":"VVN4ZGTWGBAYLH6XCECGN23YQQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732962025483},"type":"text","content":"Alors que deux millions d’emplois au Canada dépendent des exportations, sur une population d’environ 41 millions d’habitants, le gouvernement souffle le chaud et le froid face aux menaces de Donald Trump. Selon une source gouvernementale, Ottawa examine la possibilité d’imposer des droits de douane sur certains produits américains en représailles. Dans le même temps, l’exécutif a demandé à la gendarmerie royale d’augmenter ses effectifs à la frontière au niveau du Québec, <a href=\"https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2123361/frontiere-migrants-trump-canada-agents\" target=\"_blank\">a révélé <i>Radio-Canada</i></a>. Un premier gage sécuritaire donné à Donald Trump, dont les menaces douanières sont prises très au sérieux par Justin Trudeau. <i>«Lorsque Donald Trump fait de telles déclarations, il a l’intention de les mettre à exécution»</i>, a déclaré le Premier ministre canadien, qui s’est justement rendu ce vendredi 29 novembre en Floride pour rencontrer son futur homologue. Rien n’a filtré sur leurs retrouvailles glaçantes sous les palmiers de Mar-a-Lago, la résidence du milliardaire."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Dans la ville de Windsor, bastion de l’industrie automobile en Ontario, la guerre commerciale promise par le président élu est au centre des préoccupations. Vendredi, le Premier ministre Justin Trudeau s’est rendu en Floride pour le rencontrer."},"description":{"basic":"A Windsor, bastion de l’industrie automobile en Ontario, la guerre commerciale promise par le président élu est au centre des préoccupations. Vendredi, le Premier ministre Justin Trudeau s’est rendu en Floride pour le rencontrer."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/international/amerique","parent_id":"/international","name":"Amérique","description":"Accédez aux dernières informations sur les pays de l'Amérique du Nord et du Sud : Etats-Unis, Mexique, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Venezuela...","_id":"/international/amerique","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/international","default":"/international","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/international","amp-menu":"/international","headernav":"/international"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Accédez aux dernières informations sur les pays de l'Amérique du Nord et du Sud : Etats-Unis, Mexique, Brésil, Canada, Chili, Venezuela...","site_title":"Amérique : actualités sur le continent américain - 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nécessaire, ce sera la bataille de négociation collective la plus dure que Volkswagen ait jamais connue». </i>Les salariés de Volkswagen sont appelés à cesser le travail à partir de lundi dans les usines allemandes pour s’opposer <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/transports/plan-social-historique-chez-volkswagen-en-allemagne-trois-usines-fermees-dizaines-de-milliers-demplois-supprimes-et-salaires-abaisses-20241028_B75OOOENZ5FPFLOUIMGNJYGEFY/\" target=\"_blank\">aux milliers de suppressions d’emplois envisagées</a>, a annoncé ce dimanche 1er décembre le syndicat IG Metall. <i>«Des grèves d’avertissement commenceront lundi dans toutes les usines»,</i> a prévenu le négociateur du syndicat, Thorsten Gröger. Il tient la direction<i> «responsable, à la table des négociations, de la durée et de l’intensité de cet affrontement»,</i> à l’issue de la période de dialogue social obligatoire pour 120 000 employés de la marque en Allemagne."},{"_id":"5RILFXGDYVBZZMURXFZKJDGQ7Q","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733060397541},"type":"text","content":"Vendredi, le constructeur, qui prépare un plan drastique d’économies, avait rejeté une contre-proposition syndicale visant à réduire les coûts sans avoir à fermer d’usines en Allemagne, laissant augurer d’un durcissement du dialogue social."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"N44E3GS6IJHHLM3OMU6HDY5W6Y","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"7FUOJH2XLFAOFA6IUWRDTYUIRY"},"title":"Analyse","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"MQDM5NYPE5AY5G4BSPEJA5UKAE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"AFTRG3RAIREUREGKWKMDCBM7CQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Voiture électrique : l’industrie européenne cherche l’accélérateur","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/transports/voiture-electrique-lindustrie-europeenne-cherche-laccelerateur-20241013_OYOSGOB7WBFQXBYCKWTGVVCZ6Y/"}]},{"_id":"EBE44VEUQ5GZ3ELEEAVFM3JLUE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733060397543},"type":"text","content":"Dans un communiqué séparé, Volkswagen a dit <i>«respecter»</i> le droit des salariés à participer à une <i>«grève d’avertissement» </i>et dit croire en la poursuite d’un<i> «dialogue constructif»</i> pour <i>«parvenir à une solution durable et soutenue collectivement». </i>L’entreprise précise avoir <i>«anticipé des mesures ciblées pour sécuriser l’approvisionnement d’urgence» </i>pendant le mouvement, et ce afin de <i>«limiter autant que possible» </i>son impact <i>«sur nos clients, nos partenaires et nos installations industrielles».</i>"},{"_id":"CL4NUKADPJCLJCVDCXPCSCPYI4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733060397545},"type":"text","content":"Alors que Volkswagen a annoncé en septembre travailler sur un programme pour redresser sa compétitivité, les discussions en cours entre la direction et les responsables syndicaux, en vertu du principe de cogestion, n’ont pas permis de trouver d’accord sur les mesures de restructuration. Les représentants des salariés avaient présenté en novembre une contre-proposition incluant la suspension de bonus, d’augmentations de salaires, un allègement du temps de travail, permettant, selon eux, d’éviter fermetures d’usines en Allemagne et licenciements en masse. 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Trump continue de placer ses pions. Après l’annonce pour le moins étonnante de <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/charles-kushner-pere-du-gendre-de-donald-trump-nomme-ambassadeur-des-etats-unis-en-france-20241130_3C3KK4TNFNCIXKKZZ2ZRHB4VQ4/\" target=\"_blank\">la nomination de Charles Kushner</a>, le père de son gendre Jared Kushner, comme ambassadeur des Etats-Unis en France, le président américain élu a nommé samedi 30 novembre dans la soirée un de ses fidèles, Kash Patel, à la tête du FBI."},{"_id":"6PHWZ6KNV5EFFII3TNYDKGSCCU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567585},"type":"text","content":"Cette annonce, faite sur le réseau de Donald Trump, <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/on-nest-jamais-si-bien-servi-que-par-soi-meme-trump-lance-son-propre-reseau-social-20211021_IWXHLQLWBFGZBLXT4GL6PG7GLQ/\" target=\"_blank\">Truth Social</a>, implique que le patron actuel de la police fédérale américaine, Christopher Wray – déjà nommé en 2017 par Trump – soit limogé ou démissionne sans attendre la fin de son mandat de dix ans. Sous sa direction, le FBI est devenu la cible de violentes attaques de la part des conservateurs pour avoir enquêté sur l’ancien et futur président des Etats-Unis, qui n’a lui-même pas ménagé ses critiques."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"756PINJPENCHTHV5KR6M76KAWI","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"DED5J3SEVVEJ7JWVKZD3MTFVJI"},"title":"Récit","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"WC2UB47M5RHO5FTFCT33LBRLRI","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"UZQ4CHTGARDDNEQDSAJTQFQKWQ","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Etats-Unis : Donald Trump compose pas à pas son orchestre infernal","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/etats-unis-donald-trump-compose-pas-a-pas-son-orchestre-infernal-20241128_XT6QJV3ZYZCSTH2WBD63ZYP6Q4/"}]},{"_id":"ZY6AEF6OZJADTBZBUXHC4HEOQY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567587},"type":"text","content":"<i>«Kash est un juriste, enquêteur et combattant de l’“Amérique d’abord” brillant, qui a passé sa carrière à dénoncer la corruption, défendre la justice et protéger le peuple américain»,</i> a soutenu Donald Trump, affirmant que l’intéressé avait <i>«fait un travail incroyable»</i> pendant son premier mandat."},{"_id":"P5FENNTXQNF2PNP4KZ23SOPE2E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[]},"type":"text","content":"Fils de migrants indiens, Kash Patel avait occupé sous son administration plusieurs postes à responsabilité, notamment comme conseiller à la sécurité nationale ou encore chef de cabinet au Pentagone. Conspirationniste et farouchement loyal au milliardaire républicain, il a écrit un livre sur <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2021/01/14/qu-est-ce-que-l-etat-profond-souvent-cite-par-la-mouvance-qanon-et-les-pro-trump_1817274/\" target=\"_blank\">«l’Etat profond», théorie répandue parmi les soutiens du nouveau président</a> selon laquelle les bureaucrates du gouvernement œuvreraient dans l’ombre contre Donald Trump."},{"_id":"3XIE2MJJVBBUXF33E7RHZ4UCG4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567588},"type":"text","content":"Christopher Wray avait été nommé au FBI par ce dernier pour succéder à James Comey, devenu sa bête noire pour avoir enquêté sur ses liens présumés avec la Russie, accusée d’ingérence lors de son élection en 2016. Mais depuis, l’enquête de la police fédérale sur l’assaut de partisans de Donald Trump contre le Capitole le 6 janvier 2021 en a fait la cible d’attaques et de menaces inédites pour cette institution plus que centenaire plutôt conservatrice et jusqu’alors toujours soutenue par la classe politique. Le mouvement a été particulièrement alimenté par <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/trump-perquisitionne-la-droite-americaine-prend-feu-20220809_6GP547GXZNDBTNSUCEHQ6I5EAI/\" target=\"_blank\">la perquisition du domicile de Donald Trump à Mar-a-Lago en Floride en 2022</a>, où la police fédérale a saisi des documents «top secret»."},{"level":2,"_id":"PGJCXCFUSBCRJAD5TSRYVTQA4Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567589},"type":"header","content":"«Mettre fin à l’épidémie croissante de criminalité»"},{"_id":"G5BMKZIPRRHC5O2HYOV3QFONWM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567590},"type":"text","content":"Dans un communiqué à la chaîne CNN, le FBI s’est contenté de réagir à la nomination de Kash Patel en déclarant que son directeur actuel continuait de focaliser son attention <i>«sur les hommes et les femmes du FBI et la population au service de qui [la police] travaille».</i>"},{"_id":"PGJCXCFUSBCRJAD5TSRYVTQA4Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567591},"type":"text","content":"Donald Trump a ajouté que Kash Patel aurait la tâche de <i>«mettre fin à l’épidémie croissante de criminalité en Amérique, démanteler les gangs criminels et mettre fin au fléau maléfique de la traite des êtres humains et du trafic de drogues à travers la frontière».</i> Trump, qui avait fait campagne en 2016 en promettant de construire un mur le long de la frontière mexicaine, a martelé tout au long de la campagne présidentielle une rhétorique violente envers les migrants."},{"_id":"2APSQYHULZGFJI6EDT32AC5PUY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1733052567592},"type":"text","content":"Lundi dernier, il a marqué les esprits en confirmant sa volonté <a href=\"https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/droits-de-douane-donald-trump-annonce-une-augmentation-sur-les-produits-venant-de-chine-du-canada-et-du-mexique-20241126_IAPL3TTERVHVNCRBSOMKPE4EIE/\" target=\"_blank\">d’augmenter fortement les droits de douane sur les produits venant du Mexique et du Canada</a> <i>«jusqu’à ce que les drogues, en particulier le fentanyl, et tous les immigrants illégaux arrêtent cette invasion». </i>Le fentanyl est à l’origine d’une grave crise sanitaire aux Etats-Unis, où cet opioïde a provoqué selon les autorités plus de 70 000 décès par overdose en 2023. Donald Trump, qui sera investi le 20 janvier, a parallèlement nommé Chad Chronister, un shérif en poste en Floride, pour diriger l’agence fédérale antidrogue, afin de <i>«mettre fin au passage de fentanyl et autres drogues illégales à travers notre frontière sud».</i>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"L’ancien conseiller à la sécurité nationale du président américain élu est un adepte de la théorie conspirationniste de «l’Etat profond». Sa nomination implique toutefois que le patron actuel du FBI soit limogé ou démissionne avant la fin de son mandat."},"description":{"basic":"L’ancien conseiller à la sécurité nationale du président américain élu est un adepte de la théorie conspirationniste de «l’Etat profond». 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des crimes de guerre – et très probablement des crimes contre l’humanité – sont commis sur les rivages de la Méditerranée, il y va de l’honneur de notre pays que ses dirigeants mobilisent tous leurs moyens pour en prévenir la poursuite. Or, depuis plusieurs mois, l’action de la France pour dénoncer et pour mettre fin aux souffrances inouïes endurées par les populations palestiniennes et gazaouies en particulier est timorée, marquée par une discrétion en décalage complet avec la gravité des crimes commis par l’armée et le gouvernement israéliens à leur encontre."},{"subtype":"title_only","_id":"RD7E3UQKFNCJJAQ7SK36BCRL2Y","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"THVWW6OOHNGTFEN4PXLXVVK7EM"},"title":"A lire aussi","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"ZH3DHITJ7VF7XIDAD5XRHGA7BU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"4IWXAUSJKNF2FHJL5VUWNYRHIU","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Guerre au Proche-Orient : la société libanaise hantée par le spectre de la division","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/international/moyen-orient/guerre-au-proche-orient-la-societe-libanaise-hantee-par-le-spectre-de-la-division-20241123_DHOY7D6NJJBQPBDLF74BOPHEHM/"}]},{"_id":"4MGRFKXASNGV5F5BFX3BASXW7E","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348195},"type":"text","content":"Pourtant, les dirigeants actuels ont su réagir, légitimement, avec force à la suite des attaques terroristes du 7 Octobre. Ils ont affirmé le soutien de la France à la population civile israélienne traumatisée, et exigé la libération des otages. Nous continuons chaque jour à penser à ceux retenus dans les geôles du Hamas. Nous serons toujours au côté de la population israélienne qui, dans les rues de Tel-Aviv ou de Jérusalem, demande inlassablement au gouvernement un plan de paix et un changement de politique."},{"_id":"5376NJK6XVCSZJBYMQMZXMU3GA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732904383343},"type":"text","content":"De même, et tout aussi légitimement, les crimes commis par l’armée russe à l’encontre de la population ukrainienne ont été dénoncés avec force, jusqu’au plus haut sommet de l’Etat, et nous avons apporté un soutien militaire et économique important à l’Ukraine pour sa défense. La mobilisation de la diplomatie française pour obtenir le cessez-le-feu tout juste annoncé au Liban est une nouvelle démonstration de notre capacité d’action dont on aimerait être sûr qu’elle délivrera durablement le peuple libanais des souffrances qu’il endure injustement depuis plusieurs semaines."},{"level":2,"_id":"OLSWW3BMMFAR5MXXGEDRP7PBPY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732898632001},"type":"header","content":"Le XXIe siècle sera-t-il le siècle de la violence généralisée ?"},{"_id":"K3X2YYTW5VHZDBX2IM64JQPGZM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348197},"type":"text","content":"Par contraste, les crimes de masse contre la population palestinienne ne provoquent pas une condamnation et une action diplomatiques proportionnées à leur gravité. Pourtant, la définition même de l’ordre international du XXIe siècle est en jeu. Sera-t-il le siècle de la violence généralisée, y compris à l’encontre des populations civiles, ou le droit international et les principes les plus élémentaires du droit de la guerre seront-ils enfin respectés ?"},{"_id":"VQFZABNZ7BF3FMRFYUQ3WC46DE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348198},"type":"text","content":"Il est du devoir de la France, au regard de son histoire, y compris des pages noires de la collaboration avec les crimes nazis et des violences coloniales, de défendre fermement, résolument, le respect du droit humanitaire. Le «plus jamais ça» qui hante la conscience européenne depuis l’Holocauste doit trouver sa traduction concrète dans une action résolue pour protéger les populations vulnérables exposées aux crimes des Etats et des armées."},{"_id":"K4GCGDB2NNBSVD64RMK26IPLVY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732904383347},"type":"text","content":"De même, la France doit exprimer clairement son intention de respecter les mandats d’arrêt délivrés par la Cour pénale internationale, qu’il s’agisse de Vladimir Poutine ou de Benyamin Nétanyahou, au lieu d’invoquer, seulement pour ce dernier, une immunité qui n’existe pas dans le traité international qu’elle a signé et ratifié. C’est en défendant en chaque occasion le respect du droit international humanitaire et du droit pénal international que la France saura faire honneur à son histoire."},{"_id":"674XIEIYJ5E6PPPMGBTQO546TA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348199},"type":"text","content":"Certains veulent faire croire que nous serions condamnés à l’impuissance, alors même que nous n’avons pas tout tenté pour arrêter l’innommable : l’utilisation de la faim et de la soif contre une population civile de deux millions d’âmes, la mort et la mutilation d’enfants dont beaucoup en très bas âge, les déplacements forcés à grande échelle, la destruction du patrimoine historique et culturel. Les dirigeants français doivent ouvrir les yeux sur la réalité du pouvoir israélien actuel, et tirer les conséquences de sa radicalisation et de son suprémacisme théologique."},{"_id":"SZBBWUF4KZG7RGRDZEHEG3PD4U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-29T18:06:19.592Z","start":388,"end":400,"text":"aucune cap à \"convention\".","user":"Elisabeth Galabert","email":"e.galabert@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732904383349},"type":"text","content":"Nommons les choses : le gouvernement et l’armée israéliens se rendent coupables, selon les termes de l’historien israélien Omer Bartov, de <i>«crimes de guerre, de crimes contre l’humanité et d’actions génocidaires systématiques»,</i> tandis que la Cour internationale de justice nous alerte sur le risque plausible de génocide, justifiant des actions de prévention conformément à l’esprit de la convention de 1948. Cette radicalisation menace les fondements mêmes de la démocratie israélienne, comme le crient au monde les organisations israéliennes de défense de la paix."},{"_id":"UTVWNWVVKNFUVPW3C5LXXO2EEY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348200},"type":"text","content":"Chaque jour des enfants, des civils meurent sous les bombes israéliennes. Chaque jour la libération des derniers otages devient plus illusoire. Chaque jour les conditions d’une paix juste et durable s’éloignent."},{"level":2,"_id":"OLXGGVQP4FA7LJPSNUQROMTVOA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732898632006},"type":"header","content":"Six points applicables immédiatement"},{"_id":"VXA2HTGI2FENJO45QCMLARJJ3Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348202},"type":"text","content":"Seule une pression ferme et exercée de l’extérieur peut mettre fin au cycle des violences. Nous proposons un plan en six points qui pourrait être appliqué dès à présent par un groupe d’Etats comprenant la France et les Etats européens qui ont déjà refusé l’inacceptable, comme l’Espagne, la Belgique, l’Irlande, la Slovénie ou la Norvège. Ces Etats annonceraient dès à présent que, faute d’amélioration rapide et mesurable des conditions de vie dans la bande de Gaza, de la fin des hostilités, une série d’actions diplomatiques graduelles seraient adoptées :"},{"_id":"DEVBCAR3MJEWFD6GM6UIWPBGZE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348203},"type":"text","content":"- La reconnaissance de l’Etat palestinien et la promotion dans les enceintes multilatérales de la coexistence de deux Etats."},{"_id":"LJ22NIGSTRBRNOEKUTT7YKSKPA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348204},"type":"text","content":"- L’annonce de la volonté de mettre en œuvre le mandat d’arrêt émis par la Cour pénale internationale contre Benyamin Nétanyahou et la réaffirmation du soutien à la CPI."},{"_id":"TJ5LBFBERBF5BK33P4T3QMNG3M","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348205},"type":"text","content":"- Le vote de la suspension de l’accord d’association de l’Union européenne avec Israël."},{"_id":"RIK5BHIYWZFPPBMTFVYASHFWRM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348206},"type":"text","content":"- L’arrêt de la livraison d’armes vers Israël, quel qu’en soit l’usage."},{"_id":"JYQWMQSF4NEMHKAZLJCF4HV7ME","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348207},"type":"text","content":"- L’adoption de sanctions à l’égard de ceux qui participent à la mise en œuvre de crimes contre la population palestinienne."},{"_id":"RH2FHV7ONFF5XLHOK77W2JNNJA","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348208},"type":"text","content":"- En dernière instance et faute d’amélioration concrète sur le terrain, l’arrêt de toute forme de coopération administrative, civile et militaire avec Israël."},{"_id":"V6LTCDQJSNA73KUK2NI4DZ5DVM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[{"date":"2024-11-29T18:10:39.885Z","start":233,"end":237,"text":"jamais d'accent svp.","user":"Elisabeth Galabert","email":"e.galabert@liberation.fr"}],"_id":1732900348209},"type":"text","content":"Enfin, la France doit dénoncer clairement et sans équivoque, non seulement les crimes commis à l’encontre des populations civiles, mais aussi le soutien américain dont ils bénéficient. Une fois de plus les Etats-Unis ont opposé leur veto à une résolution du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies exigeant un cessez-le-feu immédiat. La France n’avait pas tremblé pour tenter d’empêcher l’invasion illégitime et illégale de l’Irak par les Etats-Unis. Elle ne doit pas, alors même que la survie d’un peuple en dépend, craindre de dénoncer le soutien inconditionnel des Etats-Unis à leur allié et notamment les armes qui lui sont massivement livrées. Le retour au pouvoir de Donald Trump risque, au vu des derniers propos que son entourage a pu tenir, de nous conduire à un chaos généralisé. Ce serait la guerre pour la guerre n’ouvrant aucune issue de secours pour les Israéliens, les Palestiniens et peut-être à nouveau les Libanais."},{"_id":"MXR2RDHJW5DQ7DOLAQ56RMDAPQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732900348210},"type":"text","content":"La voie de la paix est ardue, mais toujours réalisable dans le respect intransigeant des principes fondamentaux. La France doit, pour son honneur et son influence, compter parmi les nations qui auront tout fait pour l’imposer et protéger les victimes innocentes de ce conflit, quelles qu’elles soient, israéliennes ou palestiniennes."},{"level":6,"_id":"XQAY6DKMDBH3JO4JV6ROHBOJUU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1732898632016},"type":"header","content":"Vous souhaitez publier une tribune dans <i>Libération</i> ? Pour connaître nos conseils et la marche à suivre, ainsi que l’adresse à laquelle nous envoyer vos propositions, rendez-vous dans la section «Proposer une tribune» en bas de cette page puis écrivez à <a href=\"mailto:idees@liberation.fr\">idees@liberation.fr</a>."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Seule une pression ferme et exercée de l’extérieur peut mettre fin au cycle des violences au Proche-Orient. Le politologue et la haute fonctionnaire proposent six mesures pour défendre résolument, mais fermement le respect du droit humanitaire."},"description":{"basic":"Seule une pression ferme et exercée de l’extérieur peut mettre fin au cycle des violences au Proche-Orient."},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"liberation","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/idees-et-debats/tribunes","parent_id":"/idees-et-debats","name":"Tribunes","description":"Accédez à toutes les tribunes publiés dans Libération sur de nombreux sujets d'actualité et de société.","_id":"/idees-et-debats/tribunes","additional_properties":{"original":{"parent":{"footer2":"/idees-et-debats","default":"/idees-et-debats","footer":null,"burgermenu":"/idees-et-debats","amp-menu":"/idees-et-debats"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_url":null,"site_keywords":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Accédez à toutes les tribunes publiés dans Libération sur de nombreux sujets d'actualité et de société.","site_title":"Tribunes - 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