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<span>Counties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Counties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Counties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lower_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lower counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Lands_and_New_Counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Lands_and_New_Counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New Lands and New Counties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Lands_and_New_Counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_freedom_and_prosperity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_freedom_and_prosperity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Religious freedom and prosperity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_freedom_and_prosperity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Indigenous relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indigenous_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indigenous relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limits_on_further_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limits_on_further_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Limits on further settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limits_on_further_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governors_and_Deputy_Governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors_and_Deputy_Governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governors and Deputy Governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governors_and_Deputy_Governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>General sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Провинция Пенсилвания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Провинция Пенсилвания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Province of Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Pensilvania" title="Provincia de Pensilvania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Pensilvania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_de_Pennsylvanie" title="Province de Pennsylvanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Province de Pennsylvanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%EC%8B%A4%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%9D%EB%AF%BC%EC%A7%80" title="펜실베이니아 식민지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펜실베이니아 식민지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Փենսիլվանիա նահանգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փենսիլվանիա նահանգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_di_Pennsylvania" title="Provincia di Pennsylvania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Provincia di Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרובינציית פנסילבניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרובינציית פנסילבניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%99%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E6%A4%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="ペンシルベニア植民地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペンシルベニア植民地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsen_Pennsylvania" title="Provinsen Pennsylvania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Provinsen Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Pennsylvania" title="Província de Pennsylvania – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Província de Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_da_Pensilv%C3%A2nia" title="Província da Pensilvânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Província da Pensilvânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Пенсильвания (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пенсильвания (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Province of Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsen_Pennsylvania" title="Provinsen Pennsylvania – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Provinsen Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensilvanya_Kolonisi" title="Pensilvanya Kolonisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pensilvanya Kolonisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Пенсільванія (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пенсільванія (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%89nh_Pennsylvania" title="Tỉnh Pennsylvania – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tỉnh Pennsylvania" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%9C%81" title="宾夕法尼亚省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宾夕法尼亚省" 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aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.296°N 75.509°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.296; -75.509</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British colony in North America (1681–1776)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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.ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Province of Pennsylvania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1681–1776</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_(1707%E2%80%931800,_square_canton).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Pennsylvania"><img alt="Flag of Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/125px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/188px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg/250px-Red_Ensign_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%2C_square_canton%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="972" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pennsylvania" title="Flag of Pennsylvania">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Pennsylvania"><img alt="Coat of arms of Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG/85px-Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG" decoding="async" width="85" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG/128px-Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG/170px-Great_seal_province_of_pennsylvania.PNG 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="226" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pennsylvania" title="Coat of arms of Pennsylvania"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Penncolony.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Province of Pennsylvania"><img alt="Map of the Province of Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Penncolony.png/250px-Penncolony.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Penncolony.png/375px-Penncolony.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Penncolony.png/500px-Penncolony.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="629" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of the Province of Pennsylvania</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Land purchases from Native Americans in Pennsylvania"><img alt="Land purchases from Native Americans in Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png/250px-Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png/375px-Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png/500px-Pennsylvania_land_purchases.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="773" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Land purchases from Native Americans in Pennsylvania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Colony of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (1681–1707)</li> <li>Colony of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> (1707–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_language" title="Pennsylvania Dutch language">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pennsylvania" title="Politics of Pennsylvania">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary Colony">Proprietary Colony</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lord_proprietor" title="Lord proprietor">Proprietor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1681–1718 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1775-1776 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(writer)" title="John Penn (writer)">John Penn</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1681-1682 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Markham_(governor)" title="William Markham (governor)">William Markham</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1773-1776 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(governor)" title="John Penn (governor)">John Penn</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">(1683-1776)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly">Provincial Assembly</a><br />(1776)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Conference" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Conference">Provincial Conference</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Upper house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Council" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Council">Provincial Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Lower house</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Land grant by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 4, 1681</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1776</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_pound" title="Pennsylvania pound">Pennsylvania pound</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/20px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/30px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/40px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania </a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware </a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/20px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/30px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/40px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Province of Pennsylvania</b>, also known as the <b>Pennsylvania Colony</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British North American colony</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>, who received the land through a grant from <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from "Penn's Woods", referring to William Penn's father <a href="/wiki/William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Penn (Royal Navy officer)">Admiral Sir William Penn</a>. </p><p>The Province of Pennsylvania was one of the two major <a href="/wiki/Restoration_colony" title="Restoration colony">Restoration colonies</a>. The proprietary colony's charter remained in the Penn family until they were later ousted following the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Commonwealth of Pennsylvania</a> was established as one of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">original thirteen states</a>. <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">The lower counties on Delaware</a>, a separate colony within the Pennsylvania Province, broke away during the American Revolution and was established as <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">the Delaware State</a> and also became one of the original thirteen states. </p><p>The colony attracted English <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Germans in the American Revolution">Germans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scot-Irish</a> frontiersmen. The <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape Indian tribe</a> promoted peace with the Quakers. However, after William Penn and <a href="/wiki/Tamanend" title="Tamanend">Tamanend</a>, who both supported peaceful coexistence, died, wars eventually broke out. The Quakers demonized <a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape mythology</a> even though the Quakers were strong proponents of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religious freedom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, the capital of the Province of Pennsylvania, emerged as a major port and commercial city and central location for the thinking, writings, and planning that ultimately inspired the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. In the 18th century, Philadelphia emerged as the second-largest city in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, after <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, Philadelphia served as the nation's capital until 1800, when a new capital city in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> was constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Special:EditPage/Province of Pennsylvania">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1680</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">680</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1690</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1583.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1700</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+56.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1710</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1720</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">30,962</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+26.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1730</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,707</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1740</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,637</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+65.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1750</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,666</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1760</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,703</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+53.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1770</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">240,057</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+30.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1780</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">327,305</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: 1680–1760;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1770–1780<sup id="cite_ref-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Province of Pennsylvania's colonial government was established in 1683, by <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Frame_of_Government_of_Pennsylvania" title="Frame of Government of Pennsylvania">Frame of Government</a>. Penn was appointed governor and a 72-member <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Council" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Council">Provincial Council</a> and larger General Assembly were responsible for governing the province. The General Assembly, also known as the <i>Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly</i>, was the largest and most representative branch of government but had limited powers. </p><p>Succeeding frames of government were produced in 1683, 1696, and 1701. The fourth frame, also known as the <i>Charter of Privileges</i>, remained in effect until the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. At the time, the Provincial Assembly was deemed too moderate by American revolutionaries, who rejected the General Assembly's authority and held the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, which produced the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776</a> for the newly established commonwealth and created the new <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania General Assembly</a>. </p><p>Penn was an <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a>, founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, and an advocate of democracy and religious freedom known for fostering peaceful and positive relations with the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> Indian tribe through a number of treaties. Under Penn's direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed and served as the largest city and national capital until 1800 when it was surpassed in population by <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and a new national capital was constructed in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Counties">Counties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite having the land grant from <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>, Penn embarked on an effort to purchase the lands from <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape Indian tribe</a> held much of the land near present-day <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and they expected payment in exchange for a <a href="/wiki/Quitclaim" title="Quitclaim">quitclaim</a> to vacate the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penn and his representatives (<a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">Proprietors</a>) negotiated a series of treaties with the Delaware and other tribes that had an interest in the land in his royal grant. </p><p>The initial treaties were conducted between 1682 and 1684, for tracts between <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware Colony</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province was thus divided first into three counties, plus the three <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Lower counties on Delaware Bay</a>. The easternmost, <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester County, Pennsylvania">Chester County</a>, the westernmost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_counties">Lower counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lower counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware" title="History of Delaware">History of Delaware</a></div> <p>The lower counties on Delaware, a separate colony within the province, constituted the same three counties that constitute the present State of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>: <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle</a>, the northernmost, <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware" title="Sussex County, Delaware">Sussex</a>, the southernmost, and <a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent</a>, which fell between New Castle and Sussex County. Their borders remain unchanged to this day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Lands_and_New_Counties">New Lands and New Counties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Lands and New Counties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several decades into the 18th century, additional treaties with the Native Americans were concluded. The colony's proprietors made treaties in 1718, 1732, 1737, 1749, 1754, and 1754 pushing the boundaries of the colony, which were still within the original royal grant, north and west.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> began in 1754, the Assembly had established the additional counties of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a> (1729), <a href="/wiki/York_County,_Pennsylvania" title="York County, Pennsylvania">York</a> (1749), <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Cumberland County, Pennsylvania">Cumberland</a> (1750), <a href="/wiki/Berks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Berks County, Pennsylvania">Berks</a> (1752) and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton County, Pennsylvania">Northampton</a> (1752).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> concluded, an additional treaty was made in 1768, that abided by the limits of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a>. This proclamation line was not intended to be a permanent boundary between the colonists and Native American lands, but rather a temporary boundary that could be extended further west in an orderly manner but only by the royal government and not private individuals such as the Proprietors. This effectively altered the original royal land grant to Penn. The next acquisitions by Pennsylvania were to take place as an independent commonwealth or state and no longer as a colony. The Assembly established additional counties from the land before the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War for American Independence</a>. These counties were <a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bedford County, Pennsylvania">Bedford</a> (1771), <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northumberland County, Pennsylvania">Northumberland</a> (1772) and <a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania">Westmoreland</a> (1773).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_freedom_and_prosperity">Religious freedom and prosperity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious freedom and prosperity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> and his fellow <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> heavily imprinted their religious beliefs and values on the early Pennsylvanian government. The <i>Charter of Privileges</i> extended religious freedom to all monotheists, and the government was initially open to all Christians. Until the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>, Pennsylvania had no military, few taxes, and no public debt. It also encouraged the rapid growth of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> into America's most important city and of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_Country" title="Pennsylvania Dutch Country">Pennsylvania Dutch Country</a> hinterlands, where German (or "Deutsch") religions and political refugees prospered on the fertile soil and spirit of cultural creativeness. Among the first groups were the <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a>, who founded <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Germantown</a> in 1683; and the <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a>, who established the <a href="/wiki/Northkill_Amish_Settlement" title="Northkill Amish Settlement">Northkill Amish Settlement</a> in 1740. 1751 was an auspicious year for the colony. <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Pennsylvania Hospital">Pennsylvania Hospital</a>, the first hospital in the British American colonies,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Academy_and_College_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Academy and College of Philadelphia">The Academy and College of Philadelphia</a>, the predecessor to the private <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both opened. <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> founded both of these institutions and Philadelphia's Union Fire Company fifteen years earlier in 1736.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise in 1751, the Pennsylvania State House ordered a new bell which would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a> for the new bell tower being built in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indigenous_relations">Indigenous relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indigenous relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg/240px-Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg/360px-Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg/480px-Treaty_of_Penn_with_Indians_by_Benjamin_West.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>'s 1771 portrait of <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>'s 1682 treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></figcaption></figure> <p>William Penn had mandated fair dealings with <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a>. This led to significantly better relations with the local tribes, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susquehannock" title="Susquehannock">Susquehanna</a>, than most other colonies had.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> had previously treated Indians with respect, bought land from them voluntarily, and had even representation of Indians and whites on juries. According to <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shackamaxon" title="Treaty of Shackamaxon">Shackamaxon Treaty</a> was "the only treaty between Indians and Christians that was never sworn to and that was never broken."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quakers also refused to provide any assistance to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian wars</a>. </p><p>In 1737, the Colony exchanged a great deal of its political goodwill with the native Lenape for more land.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colonial administrators claimed that they had a deed dating to the 1680s in which the Lenape-Delaware had promised to sell a portion of land beginning between the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_River" title="Lehigh River">Lehigh River</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Easton,_Pennsylvania" title="Easton, Pennsylvania">Easton, Pennsylvania</a> "as far west as a man could walk in a day and a half." </p><p>The purchase became known as the <a href="/wiki/Walking_Purchase" title="Walking Purchase">Walking Purchase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the document was most likely a forgery, the Lenape did not realize that. Provincial Secretary <a href="/wiki/James_Logan_(statesman)" title="James Logan (statesman)">James Logan</a> set in motion a plan that would grab as much land as they could get and hired the three fastest runners in the colony to run out the purchase on a trail that had been cleared by other members of the colony beforehand. The pace was so intense that only one runner completed the "walk," covering an astonishing 70 miles (110 km).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This netted the Penns 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in what is now <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">northeastern Pennsylvania</a>, an area roughly equivalent to the size of the state of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> in the purchase. The area of the purchase covers all or part of what are now <a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Monroe County, Pennsylvania">Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Carbon County, Pennsylvania">Carbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania">Schuylkill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Northampton County, Pennsylvania">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lehigh County, Pennsylvania">Lehigh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bucks_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Bucks County, Pennsylvania">Bucks</a> counties. </p><p>The Lenape tribe fought for the next 19 years to have the treaty annulled but to no avail. The Lenape-Delaware were forced into the <a href="/wiki/Shamokin_(village)" title="Shamokin (village)">Shamokin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Valley" title="Wyoming Valley">Wyoming Valleys</a>, which were overcrowded with other displaced tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limits_on_further_settlement">Limits on further settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Limits on further settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_in_the_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Great Britain in the Seven Years' War">Great Britain in the Seven Years' War</a></div> <p>As the colony grew, colonists and British military forces came into confrontation with natives in the state's Western half. Britain fought for control of the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> with France during the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>. Following the British victory, the territory was formally ceded to them in 1763, and became part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p><p>With the French and Indian War over and <a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> just beginning, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a> banned colonization beyond the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> to prevent settlers settling lands that Indians tribes were using. This proclamation impacted Pennsylvanians and Virginians the most, since they both had been racing towards the lands surrounding <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)" title="Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)">Fort Pitt</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors_and_Deputy_Governors">Governors and Deputy Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governors and Deputy Governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pennsylvania" title="Supreme Court of Pennsylvania">Supreme Court of Pennsylvania</a>, consisting of the Chief Justice and at least one other judge, was founded by statute in 1722 (although dating back to 1684 as the Provincial Court) and sat in Philadelphia twice a year. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Chief Justices<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Incumbent </th> <th colspan="2">Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arthur Cook</td> <td>1681</td> <td>1684 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicholas Moore</td> <td>1684</td> <td>1685 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthur Cook</td> <td>1686</td> <td>1690 </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Simcock</td> <td>1690</td> <td>1693 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrew Robson</td> <td>1693</td> <td>1699 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shippen" title="Edward Shippen">Edward Shippen</a></td> <td>1699</td> <td>1701 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Guest_(judge)" title="John Guest (judge)">John Guest</a></td> <td>August 20, 1701</td> <td>April 10, 1703 </td></tr> <tr> <td>William Clark</td> <td>April 10, 1703</td> <td>1705 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Guest_(judge)" title="John Guest (judge)">John Guest</a></td> <td>1705</td> <td>1706 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Mompesson" title="Roger Mompesson">Roger Mompesson</a></td> <td>April 17, 1706</td> <td>1715 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Joseph Growden, Jr.</td> <td>1715</td> <td>1718 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_(judge)" title="David Lloyd (judge)">David Lloyd</a></td> <td>1718</td> <td>1731 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Logan_(statesman)" title="James Logan (statesman)">James Logan</a></td> <td>August 20, 1731</td> <td>1739 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Langhorne" title="Jeremiah Langhorne">Jeremiah Langhorne</a></td> <td>August 13, 1739</td> <td>1743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Kinsey</td> <td>April 5, 1743</td> <td>1750 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_(loyalist)" title="William Allen (loyalist)">William Allen</a></td> <td>September 20, 1750</td> <td>1774 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew" title="Benjamin Chew">Benjamin Chew</a></td> <td>April 29, 1774</td> <td>1776 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dickinson" title="John Dickinson">John Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Founding_Father_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding Father of the United States">Founding Father of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> moved to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> at age 17 in 1723; he was Pennsylvania's most famous citizen during his later years. Among his accomplishments was founding in 1751 the <a href="/wiki/Academy_and_College_of_Philadelphia" title="Academy and College of Philadelphia">Academy and College of Philadelphia</a>, the predecessor to the private <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. Franklin was also a strong advocate for a state militia, creating his own extra-legal militia when the state assembly would not during <a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/New_London_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="New London Township, Pennsylvania">New London, Pennsylvania</a>. He was an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> during the American Revolution, a signer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, the second President of the U.S. Congress under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>, Acting President of Delaware, and Chief Justice and Governor of Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a>, one of the leading minds of the American Revolution, lived in New York City during most of the colonial period but moved to Philadelphia to work as a lawyer and merchant during the Revolution</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(merchant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Morris (merchant)">Robert Morris</a> moved to Philadelphia around 1749 at about age 14. He was known as the Financier of the Revolution because of his role in securing financial assistance for the American Colonial side in the Revolutionary War. In 1921, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_University" title="Robert Morris University">Robert Morris University</a> was founded and named after him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Ridley Township, Pennsylvania">Ridley Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Murphy_(sniper)" title="Timothy Murphy (sniper)">Timothy Murphy</a> a <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> marksman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_op_den_Graeff" title="Abraham op den Graeff">Abraham op den Graeff</a> was an original founder of <a href="/wiki/Germantown,_Philadelphia" title="Germantown, Philadelphia">Germantown, Philadelphia</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Provincial_Council" title="Pennsylvania Provincial Council">Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly</a> and signer of the <a href="/wiki/1688_Germantown_Quaker_Petition_Against_Slavery" title="1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery">first organized religious protest against slavery in colonial America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a> emigrated to Philadelphia in 1774 at Benjamin Franklin's urging. His tract, <a href="/wiki/Common_Sense_(pamphlet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Sense (pamphlet)"><i>Common Sense</i></a>, published in 1776, was arguably the most famous and influential argument for the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. He was also the first to champion the phrase "United States of America" publicly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> was the colony's founder and son of naval <a href="/wiki/William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Penn (Royal Navy officer)">Admiral Sir William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(delegate)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ross (delegate)">George Ross</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> and moved to Philadelphia to practice law. He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Shippen" title="Peggy Shippen">Peggy Shippen</a> was the daughter of prominent Philadelphia merchant <a href="/wiki/Edward_Shippen,_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Shippen, IV">Edward Shippen</a> and wife of <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Arnold" title="Benedict Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair" title="Arthur St. Clair">Arthur St. Clair</a> moved to <a href="/wiki/Ligonier_Valley,_Pennsylvania" title="Ligonier Valley, Pennsylvania">Ligonier Valley, Pennsylvania</a> in 1764. He served as a judge in colonial Pennsylvania, a general in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>, and a President under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Van_Leer" title="Samuel Van Leer">Samuel Van Leer</a>, (1747–1825) <a href="/wiki/Ironmaster" title="Ironmaster">ironmaster</a> and captain in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wayne" title="Anthony Wayne">Anthony Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a> moved to Philadelphia in 1765 and became a lawyer. He signed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and wrote or worked on many of the most challenging compromises in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Three-Fifths_Compromise" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-Fifths Compromise">Three-Fifths Compromise</a>, which defined slaves as three-fifths of a person for purposes of census-taking, the number of members to be elected to <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U. S. House of Representatives</a>, and government appropriations</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Augusta" title="Fort Augusta">Fort Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dupuy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Dupuy">Fort Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wagon_Road" title="Great Wagon Road">Great Wagon Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a>, originally the Pennsylvania State House.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania">List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Pennsylvania in the American Revolution">Pennsylvania in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_colony" title="Restoration colony">Restoration colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Purchase" title="Walking Purchase">Walking Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Tract" title="Welsh Tract">Welsh Tract</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hershey, L. B. (2009). Peace through conversation: William Penn, Israel Pemberton and the shaping of Quaker-Indian relations, 1681-1757 [University of Iowa]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.hk7i11nh">https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.hk7i11nh</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph E. Illick, <i>Colonial Pennsylvania: A History</i> (1976).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPurvis1999" class="citation book cs1">Purvis, Thomas L. (1999). Balkin, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialamericat00purv_0/page/128"><i>Colonial America to 1763</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Facts on File</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialamericat00purv_0/page/128">128–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816025275" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816025275"><bdi>978-0816025275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+America+to+1763&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=128-129&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0816025275&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialamericat00purv_0%2Fpage%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/CT1970p2-13.pdf">"Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. p. 1168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colonial+and+Pre-Federal+Statistics&rft.pages=1168&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprod2%2Fstatcomp%2Fdocuments%2FCT1970p2-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forest, Tuomi J., William Penn Visionary Proprietor <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970430105822/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PENN/pnind.html">[1]</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Documents/Pennsylvania-Genealogical-Map-Counties.pdf">"Genealogical Map of the Counties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pennsylvania+Historical+Museum+Commission&rft.atitle=Genealogical+Map+of+the+Counties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phmc.pa.gov%2FArchives%2FDocuments%2FPennsylvania-Genealogical-Map-Counties.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historic Pennsylvania Hospital, The American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 39, No. 12 (Dec. 1939), pp. 1306-1311</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">College Founding in the American Colonies, 1745-1775 Beverly McAnear, The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Jun. 1955), pp. 24-44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326131426/http://www.upenn.edu/about/founder.php">"Penn: About Our Founder"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/about/founder.php">the original</a> on March 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penn%3A+About+Our+Founder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upenn.edu%2Fabout%2Ffounder.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoode" class="citation web cs1">Goode, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/native-american-pennsylvania-relations-1681-1753/">"Native American-Pennsylvania Relations 1681-1753"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Greater+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Native+American-Pennsylvania+Relations+1681-1753&rft.aulast=Goode&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphiladelphiaencyclopedia.org%2Farchive%2Fnative-american-pennsylvania-relations-1681-1753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard,_Murray_N.2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray N.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313192628/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard81.html">"Pennsylvania's Anarchist Experiment: 1681–1690"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard81.html">the original</a> on March 13, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pennsylvania%27s+Anarchist+Experiment%3A+1681%E2%80%931690&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Rothbard%2C+Murray+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Frothbard81.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman" class="citation web cs1">Newman, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/treaty-of-shackamaxon-2/">"Treaty of Shackamaxon"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Greater+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Shackamaxon&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphiladelphiaencyclopedia.org%2Farchive%2Ftreaty-of-shackamaxon-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyriakodis2014" class="citation web cs1">Kyriakodis, Harry (May 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hiddencityphila.org/2014/05/respectfully-remembering-the-affable-one/">"Respectfully Remembering the Affable One"</a>. <i>Hidden City Philadelphia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hidden+City+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Respectfully+Remembering+the+Affable+One&rft.date=2014-05-07&rft.aulast=Kyriakodis&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhiddencityphila.org%2F2014%2F05%2Frespectfully-remembering-the-affable-one%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShannon" class="citation web cs1">Shannon, Timothy J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/native-american-pennsylvania-relations-1754-89-2/">"Native American-Pennsylvania Relations, 1754-89"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Greater+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Native+American-Pennsylvania+Relations%2C+1754-89&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphiladelphiaencyclopedia.org%2Farchive%2Fnative-american-pennsylvania-relations-1754-89-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/pa/1pa/history/local/colonialoff01.txt">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothbard, Murray N., Conceived in Liberty, Vol. II (Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1999), p. 64.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2014" class="citation book cs1">Barr, Daniel P. (2014). <i>A Colony Sprung from Hell: Pittsburgh and the Struggle for Authority on the Western Pennsylvania Frontier, 1744–1794</i>. kent: The Kent State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1606351901" title="Special:BookSources/978-1606351901"><bdi>978-1606351901</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Colony+Sprung+from+Hell%3A+Pittsburgh+and+the+Struggle+for+Authority+on+the+Western+Pennsylvania+Frontier%2C+1744%E2%80%931794&rft.place=kent&rft.pub=The+Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1606351901&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Daniel+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllick1976" class="citation book cs1">Illick, Joseph E. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialpennsylv0000illi"><i>Colonial Pennsylvania: A History</i></a></span>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684145655" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684145655"><bdi>978-0684145655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Pennsylvania%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0684145655&rft.aulast=Illick&rft.aufirst=Joseph+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialpennsylv0000illi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lamberton, E. V., et al. “Colonial Libraries of Pennsylvania.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 42, no. 3, 1918, pp. 193–234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/20086345">online</a></li> <li>Leonard, Joan de Lourdes. “Elections in Colonial Pennsylvania.” <i>William and Mary Quarterly</i> 11#3 1954, pp. 385–401. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1943312">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrell1999" class="citation book cs1">Merrell, James H. (1999). <i>Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Colonial Pennsylvania</i>. New York: W W Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393046762" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393046762"><bdi>978-0393046762</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Into+the+American+Woods%3A+Negotiators+on+the+Colonial+Pennsylvania&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W+W+Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0393046762&rft.aulast=Merrell&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nash, Gary B. <i>Quakers and Politics: Pennsylvania, 1681-1726</i> (Princeton UP, 1993)</li> <li>Smolenski, John. "Embodied politics: the Paxton uprising and the gendering of civic culture in colonial Pennsylvania." <i>Early American Studies</i> 14.2 (2016): 377-407 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/621027/summary">online</a>.</li> <li>Smolenski, John. <i>Friends and Strangers: The Making of a Creole Culture in Colonial Pennsylvania</i> (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2010).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpero2016" class="citation book cs1">Spero, Patrick (2016). <i>Frontier Country: The Politics of War in Early Pennsylvania</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812248616" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812248616"><bdi>978-0812248616</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Country%3A+The+Politics+of+War+in+Early+Pennsylvania&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0812248616&rft.aulast=Spero&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvince+of+Pennsylvania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tully, Alan. <i>Forming American Politics: Ideals, Interests, and Institutions in Colonial New York and Pennsylvania</i> (JHU Press, 2019).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Pennsylvania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch17s4.html">William Penn: Preface to the Frame of Government of Pennsylvania, 1682</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/indexlegis.html">"Members and Districts by Session, 1682-1775"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilkes_University_Election_Statistics_Project" title="Wilkes University Election Statistics Project">Wilkes University Election Statistics Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/li/constitution.cfm">Pennsylvania General Assembly: Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1680</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Related Documents</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> <small>(1584)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> <small>(1620)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> <small>(1622)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> <small>(1630–1651)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> <small>(1638)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> <small>(1676)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Category:Thirteen Colonies">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Province_of_Pennsylvania&params=40.296_N_75.509_W_type:adm2nd_globe:earth_region:US-PA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°17′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°30′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.296°N 75.509°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.296; 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