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<li id="toc-English_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>English settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pequot_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pequot_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pequot War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pequot_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidating_the_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidating_the_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Consolidating the colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidating_the_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominion_of_New_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominion_of_New_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dominion of New England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominion_of_New_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_and_social_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_and_social_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economic and social history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_and_social_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specialized_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Specialized studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialized_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Connecticut" title="Colony of Connecticut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Colony of Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Connecticut" title="Provincia de Connecticut – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonio_Konektikuto" title="Kolonio Konektikuto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kolonio Konektikuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonie_du_Connecticut" title="Colonie du Connecticut – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colonie du Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%84%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%BB%B7_%EC%8B%9D%EB%AF%BC%EC%A7%80" title="코네티컷 식민지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코네티컷 식민지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloni_Connecticut" title="Koloni Connecticut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koloni Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_del_Connecticut" title="Colonia del Connecticut – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colonia del Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98" title="מושבת קונטיקט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מושבת קונטיקט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%81%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E6%A4%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="コネチカット植民地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コネチカット植民地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut-kolonien" title="Connecticut-kolonien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Connecticut-kolonien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_de_Connecticut" title="Colonia de Connecticut – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colonia de Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%B4nia_de_Connecticut" title="Colônia de Connecticut – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colônia de Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_Connecticut" title="Colonia Connecticut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Colonia Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Коннектикут (колония) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коннектикут (колония)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Connecticut Colony" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonin_Connecticut" title="Kolonin Connecticut – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolonin Connecticut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Kolonisi" title="Connecticut Kolonisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Connecticut Kolonisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Коннектикут (колонія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коннектикут (колонія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%B6%85%E7%8B%84%E6%A0%BC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="康涅狄格殖民地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="康涅狄格殖民地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q951500#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Connecticut Colony</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1636–1776</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ctcolony.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies"><img alt="Map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ctcolony.png/250px-Ctcolony.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ctcolony.png/375px-Ctcolony.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ctcolony.png/500px-Ctcolony.png 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of the Connecticut, <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> colonies</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Colony of England (1636–1707)<br /> Colony of Great Britain (1707–1776)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a> <small>(1636–1776)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a> <small>(joint capital with Hartford, 1701–76)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohegan-Pequot_language" title="Mohegan-Pequot language">Mohegan-Pequot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quiripi_language" title="Quiripi language">Quiripi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalism_in_the_United_States" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregationalism</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarckLefler1958398_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarckLefler1958398-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Connecticut">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">Self-governing colony</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Connecticut#Connecticut_Colony,_1639–1776" title="List of colonial governors of Connecticut">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1639-1640 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">John Haynes</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1769-1776 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull" title="Jonathan Trumbull">Jonathan Trumbull</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_General_Assembly#History" title="Connecticut General Assembly">General Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 3, 1636</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> adopted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">January 14, 1639</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Royal Charter granted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">October 9, 1662</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Part of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1686-89</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 4, 1776 1776</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_pound" title="Connecticut pound">Connecticut pound</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook Colony</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven Colony</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281776%E2%80%931777%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br />  <b>∟</b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Connecticut Colony</b>, originally known as the <b>Connecticut River Colony</b>, was an English colony in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> which later became the state of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>. It was organized on March 3, 1636, as a settlement for a <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritan</a> congregation of settlers from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hooker" title="Thomas Hooker">Thomas Hooker</a>. The English would secure their control of the region in the <a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a>. Over the course of the colony's history it would absorb the neighboring <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> colonies. The colony was part of the briefly-lived <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a>. The colony's founding document, the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> has been called the first written constitution of a democratic government, earning Connecticut the nickname "The Constitution State."<sup id="cite_ref-ctgov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to European settlement, the land that would become Connecticut was home to the <a href="/wiki/Wappinger" title="Wappinger">Wappinger Confederacy</a> along the western coast and the <a href="/wiki/Niantic_people" title="Niantic people">Niantics</a> on the eastern coast. Further inland were the <a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequot</a>, who pushed the Niantic to the coast and would become the most important tribe in relations with colonists. Also present were the <a href="/wiki/Nipmuc_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipmuc people">Nipmunks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohicans" title="Mohicans">Mohicans</a>, though these two tribes largely lived in the neighboring states of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham19626-7_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham19626-7-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first European to visit Connecticut was Dutch explorer <a href="/wiki/Adriaen_Block" title="Adriaen Block">Adriaen Block</a>, who sailed up the Connecticut River with his yacht <i><a href="/wiki/Onrust" title="Onrust">Onrust</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham19622–5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham19622–5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scw_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scw-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, as the first Europeans to explore Connecticut, the Dutch claimed the land as part of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> and negotiated a land purchase of 20 acres along the river from Wopigwooit, the Grand Sachem of the Pequot in 1633. The Dutch would establish a trading post named Kivett's Point and a redoubt named <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hope_(fort)" title="House of Hope (fort)">Fort Good Hope</a>, the future sites of <a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> and Hartford respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196210-11_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196210-11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_settlement">English settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1631, a group of <a href="/wiki/Sachems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachems">sachems</a> from the Connecticut valley led by Wahquimacut visited <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth Colony</a> and Boston, asking both colonies to send settlers to Connecticut to fight the Pequot. Massachusetts governor <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> rejected the proposal but <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow">Edward Winslow</a>, governor of Plymouth was more open, traveling to Connecticut in person in 1632.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiles18599_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiles18599-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winslow, along with <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(governor)" title="William Bradford (governor)">William Bradford</a> would later travel to Boston to convince the leaders of Massachusetts Bay to join Plymouth in constructing a trading post on the Connecticut River before the Dutch could. Winthrop rejected the offer, calling Connecticut "not fit to meddle with" citing hostile Indians and the difficulty of moving large ships into the Connecticut River.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196212–13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196212–13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinthrop1908103_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinthrop1908103-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradford2008370–372_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradford2008370–372-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the Bay Colony's refusal to join the venture, Plymouth sent a <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">bark</a> led by William Holmes to establish a trading post on the Connecticut. Besides the English settlers, they took some of the original sachems of the area to prove the validity of their claim. As they passed Fort Good Hope they were threatened by the Dutch, a threat ignored by Holmes. Holmes proceeded a few miles up river and constructed a trading post on the modern site of <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Connecticut" title="Windsor, Connecticut">Windsor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiles185911–12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiles185911–12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hearing of the English activities, New Netherland governor <a href="/wiki/Wouter_Van_Twiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Wouter Van Twiller">Wouter Van Twiller</a> dispatched 70 men to dislodge the English. The Dutch would find the English well prepared to defend themselves and left, seeking to avoid bloodshed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenterArthur185432_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenterArthur185432-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/John_Oldham_(colonist)" title="John Oldham (colonist)">John Oldham</a> led a group of men from the Bay Colony to the river to see Connecticut for themselves. They returned with accounts of plentiful beaver, hemp, and graphite. A year later, Oldham would lead a group of settlers to found the town of <a href="/wiki/Wethersfield,_Connecticut" title="Wethersfield, Connecticut">Wethersfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b14_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor19793–4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor19793–4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1635, Massachusetts' English population had grown immensely and it was clear there was not enough land for the settlers. Particularly eager to leave the crowded Bay colony were the residents of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Netwown</a>. The founder of Newtown, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a> was frequently at odds with Winthrop, including anger at the choice of Boston as the colony's capital and refusal to support the construction of a fort in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196217_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196217-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dudley sent one Thomas Hooker, Newtown's pastor to Boston to resolve the latter dispute, but the resentment of Winthrop remained.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196219–20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196219–20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Dudley replaced Winthrop as governor in May 1634, the issue of Hooker's congregation's desire for removal to Connecticut was raised in the <a href="/wiki/General_Court_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="General Court of Massachusetts">General Court</a>. Opponents of the removal countered with a proposal that settlers instead settle <a href="/wiki/Ipswich,_Massachusetts" title="Ipswich, Massachusetts">Agawam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merrimac,_Massachusetts" title="Merrimac, Massachusetts">Merrimack</a>. Both sites proved unsatisfactory, but removal was nonetheless delayed for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker189183_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker189183-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196220_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196220-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg/220px-Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg/330px-Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg/440px-Mr_Thomas_Hooker_%26_His_People_travelling_1636.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Thomas Hooker and his people traveling</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the refusal of Thomas Hooker's request for removal, settlers continued to pour into the valley. In May 1635 the Saybrook Colony was established at the mouth of the Connecticut River.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considerable amounts of emigrants from Massachusetts also settled in the recently established town of Wethersfield.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plymouth's settlement of Windsor also found itself swamped by settlers from <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorchester, Massachusetts">Dorchester</a> who took over the settlement. The issue was resolved when the Dorchester settlers agreed to pay the Plymouth settlers for the land appropriated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBingham196224–25_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBingham196224–25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally in 1636 the arrival of a new group of settlers allowed Hooker's congregation to sell their homes and set off on the journey to Connecticut on the May 31.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker189191–92_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker189191–92-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hooker's group of around a hundred settlers and as many cattle soon arrived at the Connecticut River and established the town of Newtown near the Dutch fort. This name would not last however, as it was soon renamed Hartford after <a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a>, the hometown of settler <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Stone" title="Samuel Stone">Samuel Stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1638 Thomas Hooker delivered a sermon on civil government. Inspired by this sermon the settlers sought to create a constitution for the colony. The resulting document, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, was likely mostly drafted by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Roger Ludlow</a>, the only trained lawyer in the colonies. The document was adopted in January 1639 and formally united the settlements of Hartford, Windsor, and Wetherfield together and has been called the first written democratic constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-ctgov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctgov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the new constitution, <a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">John Haynes</a> was elected governor with Ludlow as deputy governor. Owing to a restriction against governors seeking office in consecutive years, Haynes would alternate the office of governor with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopkins" title="Edward Hopkins">Edward Hopkins</a> every year until 1655.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the Fundamental Orders were established, the nearby New Haven colony organized its own government.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pequot_War">Pequot War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pequot War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a></div> <p>When Fort Good Hope was constructed, the Dutch specified in their treaty with the Pequot that the trading post was to be open to all tribes. Ignoring this, the Pequot attacked a rival tribe attempting to trade. The Dutch retaliated by kidnapping the sachem of the Pequot, Tatobem and holding him for ransom. After the Pequot paid the ransom, the Dutch gave them Tatobem's corpse. The Pequot retaliated for this by attacking an English ship, believing it to be Dutch. The ship's captain, John Stone, and his crew were killed by the Pequot.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Pequot envoy was sent to Massachusetts to explain the misunderstanding. The envoy told the English about the mistaken identity of the ship. When asked to turn over the killers, the envoy claimed all but two of the killers had died of a recent smallpox epidemic and they lacked the authority to turn over the two survivors. The Pequot further claimed the killing was justified as Stone had captured two Pequots and mistreated them.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/John_Gallup" title="John Gallup">John Gallup</a> was sailing to <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> he spotted a <a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_pinnace" title="Full-rigged pinnace">pinnace</a> belonging to John Oldham, its deck covered with Indians. When Gallup attempted to board the ship to investigate, a fight ensued with Gallup victorious. The colonists blamed the Narragansett for the killing, warning <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> to be careful. The Narragansett leaders <a href="/wiki/Canonicus" title="Canonicus">Canonicus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miantonomoh" title="Miantonomoh">Miantonomoh</a> were able to reassure the colonist, claiming that the culprits not killed by Gallup were hiding among the Pequot.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pequot-war-underhill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pequot-war-underhill.jpg/220px-Pequot-war-underhill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Pequot-war-underhill.jpg/330px-Pequot-war-underhill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Pequot-war-underhill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="329" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of the attack on Fort Mystic</figcaption></figure> <p>After this a group of ninety men led by <a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">John Endecott</a> and his captains <a href="/wiki/John_Underhill_(captain)" title="John Underhill (captain)">John Underhill</a> and Nathaniel Turner was sent from Massachusetts to the Pequot's territory to demand the return of the murderers of both Stone and Oldham. The force first sailed to Block Island, but the Indians evaded them there and the force left with the only casualty inflicted on the villagers being the burning of the island's empty villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECave1996110–113_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECave1996110–113-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the forced arrived in Pequot territory, they were told that the murder was committed by none other than <a href="/wiki/Sassacus" title="Sassacus">Sassacus</a>, grand sachem of the Pequot. The Pequot also claimed to be unable to distinguish the Dutch from the English. Disbelieving these claims and seeing there were no women or children among the Pequot, Endecott attacked, beginning the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECave1996115–117_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECave1996115–117-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pequot responded by besieging Saybrook and attacking Wethersfield, where they would kill nine and take two women hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor197913_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor197913-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The women were daughters of William Swaine and would later be rescued by the Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connecticut sent a force of ninety men, led by <a href="/wiki/John_Mason_(colonist)" title="John Mason (colonist)">John Mason</a>. The force was joined by sixty <a href="/wiki/Mohegans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohegans">Mohegans</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Uncas" title="Uncas">Uncas</a> and came to Saybrook where a group of Massachusetts men led by Underhill joined them. On May 26, 1637, the group, encamped outside a fortified Pequot village on the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystic_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystic Massacre">launched a surprise attack</a> at dawn. The English charged into the village, set it on fire, and formed a ring around the stockades to kill anyone attempting to escape. The Indian allies formed a second ring to catch anyone who managed to escape the first. Hundreds of Pequots died, many of the women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor197914_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor197914-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their spirits broken, many of the Pequot attempted to flee west. Mason, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Stoughton" title="Israel Stoughton">Israel Stoughton</a> pursued a group of three hundred Pequots to a swamp near modern <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield, Connecticut">Fairfield</a>, where they <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Swamp_Fight" title="Fairfield Swamp Fight">killed and captured a great number of them</a>. Sassacus was able to escape to the <a href="/wiki/Mohawks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawks">Mohawks</a>, who immediately killed him and his party, sending his scalp to Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor197914–15_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor197914–15-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the Pequots vanquished the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford_(1638)" title="Treaty of Hartford (1638)">Treaty of Hartford</a> was signed between Connecticut, the Mohegans, and the Narragansett, granting the Connecticut settlers the exclusive right to the former Pequot land and dissolving the Pequot as both a political and cultural entity, with surviving Pequots made to assimilate into the other tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidating_the_colony">Consolidating the colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consolidating the colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Winthrop,_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg/220px-John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg/330px-John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg/440px-John_Winthrop%2C_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Governor John Winthrop Jr.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, English support for the Saybrook Colony dried up. The colony's governor, <a href="/wiki/George_Fenwick_(Parliamentarian)" title="George Fenwick (Parliamentarian)">George Fenwick</a> negotiated a deal to sell the colony to Connecticut in 1644.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenwick would return to England and serve with distinction under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspired by the successes of colonial cooperation during the Pequot War, Connecticut, along with Massachusetts, Plymouth, and New Haven formed the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> to mutually defend the colonies against the Dutch, French, and Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before leaving for England, Fenwick, along with Hopkins, would serve as Connecticut's first commissioners to the Confederation.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Connecticut's membership in the Confederation also meant it sent troops to fight in <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a>, though Connecticut itself was minimally impacted.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like its fellow Puritan colonies, Connecticut would welcome Cromwell's victory in the civil war. The new English government, however, would soon cause issues for Connecticut. The Confederation negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford_(1650)" title="Treaty of Hartford (1650)">Treaty of Hartford</a> defining the border between New Netherland and the English colonies, but the government in England refused to ratify it.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions with the Dutch would be inflamed by the <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Act_1651" class="mw-redirect" title="Navigation Act 1651">Navigation Act 1651</a>, restricting foreign trade with the colonies. These tensions would culminate in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The war's outbreak enabled Connecticut to seize Fort Good Hope in 1653.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart restoration">restoration of the Stuart monarchy</a>, many in Connecticut feared their colony's <a href="/wiki/Puritanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritanism">Puritanism</a> and lack of a royal charter would lead to <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> curtailing the colony's self government. Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Winthrop Jr.">John Winthrop Jr.</a> was sent to England in 1662 where he successfully obtained a charter. The charter granted Connecticut extensive liberties, with the removal of references to royalty being the only change required in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charter also granted Connecticut extensive land claims, defining its borders as the <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, the southern border of Massachusetts and the <a href="/wiki/40th_parallel_north" title="40th parallel north">40th parallel north</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-winthropexp_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winthropexp-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When representatives of Connecticut traveled to New Haven to show them that they were to be annexed into Connecticut, they initially met strong opposition. This opposition faded in 1664 when <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_New_Netherland" title="Conquest of New Netherland">New Netherland was seized</a> and renamed <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> after its proprietor, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">Duke of York</a>. New York's eastern boundary was defined as the Connecticut River, making New Haven within the claims of both New York and Connecticut. Unwilling to be ruled by a Catholic royalist, New Haven relented and agreed to join Connecticut.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned seizure of New Netherland would also end Connecticut's claims on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, as when <a href="/wiki/Captain_John_Scott" title="Captain John Scott">Captain John Scott</a> took the island he claimed it not for Connecticut but for himself.<sup id="cite_ref-winthropexp_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winthropexp-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominion_of_New_England">Dominion of New England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dominion of New England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png/220px-Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png/330px-Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png/440px-Hiding-the-original-charter-in-the-oak.png 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Hiding the charter in the oak</figcaption></figure> <p>The Duke of York would ascend to the throne as King James II and VII. As one of his first acts, he would consolidate the English colonies from <a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> to <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a>. Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Edmund Andros</a> would be appointed governor of the new united colony. Andros demanded that Connecticut hand over its charter as it was no longer a separate colony. Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat" title="Robert Treat">Robert Treat</a> attempted to delay handing over the charter for several months, but on October 31, 1687, Andros came to Hartford to retrieve the charter in person. Treat proceeded to give a speech well into the evening on the importance of the charter. Suddenly, a strong gust of wind came through the door, blowing out the candles. By the time the candles were relit, the charter had vanished, safely hidden away in a nearby oak tree.<sup id="cite_ref-muscthis_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muscthis-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tree, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Charter_Oak" title="Charter Oak">Charter Oak</a> would endure as a symbol of Connecticut for generations.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andros replaced Puritan officials with <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> and imposed heavy taxes. His salary of £1,200 exceeded the entire annual expenditure of Massachusetts' former government. When James II was overthrown in the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, Andros initially attempted to suppress the news. Word did get out, and the colonists <a href="/wiki/1689_Boston_revolt" title="1689 Boston revolt">overthrew the dominion</a> casting its government as crypto-Catholic supports of James II and themselves as loyal to the new <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> monarchs of <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II</a>. The dominion's short-lived experiment in centralized government ended and Connecticut, along with all the other colonies, had its charter restored.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut" title="History of Connecticut">History of Connecticut</a></div> <p>In 1701 <a href="/wiki/New_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven">New Haven</a> was designated co-capital with Hartford. At the first legislative session in New Haven to create a college for the colony, with Saybrook as the site and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Pierson" title="Abraham Pierson">Abraham Pierson</a> as the first rector. Pierson would run the college from his home in <a href="/wiki/Killingworth,_Connecticut" title="Killingworth, Connecticut">Killingworth</a> until his death in 1707, when it was finally moved to Saybrook. Saybrook would soon prove to be too remote and New Haven was able to beat out other communities for the site of the college in 1716. Two years later, when <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Yale" title="Elihu Yale">Elihu Yale</a> made a significant donation to the college, it was renamed <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Courant" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Courant">Connecticut Courant</a></i>, the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United States, was founded in Hartford in 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connecticut was a staunch supporter of the American Revolution, with a fifth of the state's male population serving in the war. <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Trumbull" title="Jonathan Trumbull">Jonathan Trumbull</a> was the only colonial governor to support the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Hale" title="Nathan Hale">Nathan Hale</a>, the first American spy, also hailed from the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original colonies along the Connecticut River and in New Haven were established by separatist <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> who were connected with the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> colonies. They held <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> religious beliefs similar to the English Puritans, but they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church. They had immigrated to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Puritan_migration_to_New_England_(1620%E2%80%931640)" title="Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)">Great Migration</a>. In the middle of the 18th century, the government restricted voting rights with a property qualification and a church membership requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-Barack_&_Lefter_pp._258–259_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barack_&_Lefter_pp._258–259-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congregationalism was the <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> in the colony by the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War of Independence</a> until it was disestablished in 1818.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1640</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,472</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1650</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,139</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+181.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1660</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,980</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+92.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1670</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,603</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+57.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1680</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">17,246</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+36.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1690</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,645</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1700</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1710</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,450</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1720</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,830</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+49.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1730</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">75,530</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+28.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1740</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,580</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1750</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,280</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1760</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1770</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,881</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1774</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">197,842</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+7.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1780</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">206,701</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: 1640–1760;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1774<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven Colony</a> (1638–1664) 1770–1780<sup id="cite_ref-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_and_social_history">Economic and social history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic and social history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy began with subsistence farming in the 17th century and developed with greater diversity and an increased focus on production for distant markets, especially the British colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. The American Revolution cut off imports from Britain and stimulated a manufacturing sector that made heavy use of the entrepreneurship and mechanical skills of the people. In the second half of the 18th century, difficulties arose from the shortage of good farmland, periodic money problems, and downward price pressures in the export market. In agriculture, there was a shift from grain to animal products.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colonial government attempted to promote various commodities as export items from time to time, such as <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>, and lumber, in order to bolster its economy and improve its balance of trade with Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connecticut's domestic architecture included a wide variety of house forms. They generally reflected the dominant English heritage and architectural tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Connecticut" title="List of colonial governors of Connecticut">List of colonial governors of Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Connecticut_Constitution" title="History of the Connecticut Constitution">History of the Connecticut Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Western_Reserve" title="Connecticut Western Reserve">Connecticut Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="History of Springfield, Massachusetts">History of Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarckLefler1958398-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarckLefler1958398_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarckLefler1958">Barck & Lefler 1958</a>, p. 398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ctgov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ctgov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ctgov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.ct.gov/about/early-history">"Early History"</a>. <i>CT.gov</i>.</cite><span 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Yale University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Yale&rft.pub=Yale+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.library.yale.edu%2Fyalehistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courant.com/2013/12/29/older-than-the-nation/">"Older Than The Nation"</a>. Hartford Courant. December 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Older+Than+The+Nation&rft.pub=Hartford+Courant&rft.date=2013-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2F2013%2F12%2F29%2Folder-than-the-nation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrevolutioninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Connecticut-in-the-American-Revolution-2001.pdf">"Connecticut in the American Revolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a>. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Connecticut+in+the+American+Revolution&rft.pub=Society+of+the+Cincinnati&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanrevolutioninstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FConnecticut-in-the-American-Revolution-2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barack_&_Lefter_pp._258–259-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barack_&_Lefter_pp._258–259_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarckLefler1958">Barck & Lefler 1958</a>, pp. 258–259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston_Janis2021" class="citation web cs1">Weston Janis, Mark (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1488&context=law_review#:~:text=Even%20so%2C%20the%201818%20Constitution,would%20have%20to%20support%20themselves.">"Connecticut 1818: From Theocracy to Toleration Connecticut 1818: From Theocracy to Toleration"</a>. <i>University of Connecticut School of Law</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Connecticut+School+of+Law&rft.atitle=Connecticut+1818%3A+From+Theocracy+to+Toleration+Connecticut+1818%3A+From+Theocracy+to+Toleration&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Weston+Janis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.lib.uconn.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1488%26context%3Dlaw_review%23%3A~%3Atext%3DEven%2520so%252C%2520the%25201818%2520Constitution%2Cwould%2520have%2520to%2520support%2520themselves.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis1999" class="citation book cs1">Purvis, Thomas L. (1999). Balkin, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialamericat00purv_0/page/128"><i>Colonial America to 1763</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Facts on File</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialamericat00purv_0/page/128">128–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816025275" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816025275"><bdi>978-0816025275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+America+to+1763&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=128-129&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0816025275&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialamericat00purv_0%2Fpage%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis1995" class="citation book cs1">Purvis, Thomas L. (1995). Balkin, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816025282/page/147"><i>Revolutionary America 1763 to 1800</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Facts on File</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780816025282/page/147">147</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816025282" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816025282"><bdi>978-0816025282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutionary+America+1763+to+1800&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0816025282&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780816025282%2Fpage%2F147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colonial_and_Pre-Federal_Statistics_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/CT1970p2-13.pdf">"Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. p. 1168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colonial+and+Pre-Federal+Statistics&rft.pages=1168&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprod2%2Fstatcomp%2Fdocuments%2FCT1970p2-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1980">Daniels (1980)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNutting2000">Nutting (2000)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2007">Smith (2007)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarckLefler1958" class="citation book cs1">Barck, Oscar T.; Lefler, Hugh T. (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/colonialamericas0000unse"><i>Colonial America</i></a></span>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1148613890">1148613890</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1148613890&rft.aulast=Barck&rft.aufirst=Oscar+T.&rft.au=Lefler%2C+Hugh+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolonialamericas0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBingham1962" class="citation book cs1">Bingham, Harold J. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x001137341"><i>History of Connecticut</i></a>. Vol. 1. West Palm Beach, FL: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuva.x001137341">2027/uva.x001137341</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/988183351">988183351</a> – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Connecticut&rft.place=West+Palm+Beach%2C+FL&rft.pub=Lewis+Historical+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuva.x001137341&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F988183351&rft.aulast=Bingham&rft.aufirst=Harold+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fuva.x001137341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford2008" class="citation book cs1">Bradford, William (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24950/24950-h/24950-h.htm"><i>History of Plimoth Plantation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Gutenburg_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutenburg Project">Gutenburg Project</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/654227960">654227960</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/680468168">680468168</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/807361047">807361047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Plimoth+Plantation&rft.pub=Gutenburg+Project&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F24950%2F24950-h%2F24950-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenterArthur1854" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, William Henry; Arthur, Timothy Shay, eds. (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31158010568151"><i>The History of Connecticut from its earliest settlement to the present time</i></a>. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.31158010568151">2027/uc1.31158010568151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/642658909">642658909</a> – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Connecticut+from+its+earliest+settlement+to+the+present+time&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Lippincott%2C+Grambo+%26+Co.&rft.date=1854&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc1.31158010568151&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F642658909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fuc1.31158010568151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCave1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Cave" title="Alfred A. Cave">Cave, Alfred A.</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pequotwar0000cave"><i>The Pequot War</i></a></span>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-08324-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-08324-7"><bdi>978-0-585-08324-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43475458">43475458</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pequot+War&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43475458&rft.isbn=978-0-585-08324-7&rft.aulast=Cave&rft.aufirst=Alfred+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpequotwar0000cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1980" class="citation journal cs1">Daniels, Bruce C. (1980). "Economic development in colonial and revolutionary Connecticut: an overview". <i><a href="/wiki/William_and_Mary_Quarterly" title="William and Mary Quarterly">William and Mary Quarterly</a></i>. <b>37</b> (3): 429–450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1923811">10.2307/1923811</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1923811">1923811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Economic+development+in+colonial+and+revolutionary+Connecticut%3A+an+overview&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=429-450&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1923811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1923811%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Bruce+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNutting2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nutting, P. Bradley (2000). "Colonial Connecticut's search for a staple: a mercantile paradox". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_England_Journal_of_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New England Journal of History (page does not exist)">New England Journal of History</a></i>. <b>57</b> (1): 58–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Colonial+Connecticut%27s+search+for+a+staple%3A+a+mercantile+paradox&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58-69&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Nutting&rft.aufirst=P.+Bradley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2007" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Ann Y. (2007). "A New Look at the Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut". <i>Connecticut History Review</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 16–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F44369757">10.2307/44369757</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44369757">44369757</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254492604">254492604</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+History+Review&rft.atitle=A+New+Look+at+the+Early+Domestic+Architecture+of+Connecticut&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16-44&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254492604%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44369757%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F44369757&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ann+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiles1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Reed_Stiles" title="Henry Reed Stiles">Stiles, Henry Reed</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00stil_1/page/n29/mode/2up"><i>The history of ancient Windsor, Connecticut</i></a>. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Norton" title="Charles B. Norton">Charles B. Norton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-0706-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7884-0706-2"><bdi>978-0-7884-0706-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+ancient+Windsor%2C+Connecticut&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Charles+B.+Norton&rft.date=1859&rft.isbn=978-0-7884-0706-2&rft.aulast=Stiles&rft.aufirst=Henry+Reed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient00stil_1%2Fpage%2Fn29%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1979" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Robert J. (1979). <i>Colonial Connecticut: A History</i>. Milwood, NY: KTO Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Connecticut%3A+A+History&rft.place=Milwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=KTO+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1891" class="citation book cs1">Walker, George L. (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomashookerprea00walk"><i>Thomas Hooker: Preacher, Founder, Democrat</i></a>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Hooker%3A+Preacher%2C+Founder%2C+Democrat&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomashookerprea00walk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinthrop1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop, John</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marbleheadmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/pp-187-260-331Winthrop_s_Journal_History_of_New_Englan.pdf"><i>History of New England</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Marblehead, MA: Marblehead Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+New+England&rft.place=Marblehead%2C+MA&rft.pub=Marblehead+Museum&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Winthrop&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarbleheadmuseum.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2Fpp-187-260-331Winthrop_s_Journal_History_of_New_Englan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andrews, Charles M. <i>The Colonial Period of American History: The Settlements, volume 2</i> (1936) pp 67–194, by leading scholar</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwater1881" class="citation book cs1">Atwater, Edward Elias (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycolonyne00atwagoog"><i>History of the Colony of New Haven to Its Absorption into Connecticut</i></a>. author.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Colony+of+New+Haven+to+Its+Absorption+into+Connecticut&rft.pub=author&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Atwater&rft.aufirst=Edward+Elias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorycolonyne00atwagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span> to 1664</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkin1996" class="citation book cs1">Berkin, Carol (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstgenerations00berk"><i>First Generations: Women in Colonial America</i></a>. New York, NY: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-1606-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-1606-8"><bdi>978-0-8090-1606-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Generations%3A+Women+in+Colonial+America&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8090-1606-8&rft.aulast=Berkin&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstgenerations00berk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Burpee, Charles W. <i>The story of Connecticut</i> (4 vol 1939); detailed narrative in vol 1-2</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushman1993" class="citation book cs1">Bushman, Richard L. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/refinementofamer00bush_0"><i>The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities</i></a>. New York, NY: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74414-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74414-6"><bdi>978-0-679-74414-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Refinement+of+America%3A+Persons%2C+Houses%2C+Cities&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-679-74414-6&rft.aulast=Bushman&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frefinementofamer00bush_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1990" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Jon (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780674056008"><i>Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People</i></a></span>. London: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-601-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-601-5"><bdi>978-0-67405-601-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awash+in+a+Sea+of+Faith%3A+Christianizing+the+American+People&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-67405-601-5&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780674056008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clark, George Larkin. <i>A History of Connecticut: Its People and Institutions</i> (1914) 608 pp; based on solid scholarship <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CWYlAAAAMAAJ">online</a></li> <li>Federal Writers' Project. <i>Connecticut: A Guide to its Roads, Lore, and People</i> (1940) famous WPA guide to history and to all the towns <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/91387211/connecticut-a-guide-to-its-roads-lore-and-people">online</a></li> <li>Fraser, Bruce. <i>Land of Steady Habits: A Brief History of Connecticut</i> (1988), 80 pp, from state historical society</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenPole1984" class="citation book cs1">Green, Jack P.; Pole, J. R. (1984). <i>Colonial British America: Essays in the New History of the Early Modern Era</i>. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801830556" title="Special:BookSources/9780801830556"><bdi>9780801830556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+British+America%3A+Essays+in+the+New+History+of+the+Early+Modern+Era&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780801830556&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jack+P.&rft.au=Pole%2C+J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollister1855" class="citation book cs1">Hollister, Gideon Hiram (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyconnecti01hollgoog"><i>The History of Connecticut: From the First Settlement of the Colony to the Adoption of the Present Constitution</i></a>. Durrie and Peck.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Connecticut%3A+From+the+First+Settlement+of+the+Colony+to+the+Adoption+of+the+Present+Constitution&rft.pub=Durrie+and+Peck&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=Gideon+Hiram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryconnecti01hollgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span>, vol. 1 to 1740s</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHullMoran1999" class="citation journal cs1">Hull, Brooks B.; Moran, Gerald F. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60435/1/Hull%20B%20-%201999%20-%20Colonial%20Connecticut%20-%20RRR.pdf">"The churching of colonial Connecticut: a case study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Religious_Research" title="Review of Religious Research">Review of Religious Research</a></i>. <b>41</b> (2): 165–183. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3512105">10.2307/3512105</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F60435">2027.42/60435</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3512105">3512105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Religious+Research&rft.atitle=The+churching+of+colonial+Connecticut%3A+a+case+study&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-183&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F60435&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3512105%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3512105&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=Brooks+B.&rft.au=Moran%2C+Gerald+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2F2027.42%2F60435%2F1%2FHull%2520B%2520-%25201999%2520-%2520Colonial%2520Connecticut%2520-%2520RRR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jones, Mary Jeanne Anderson. <i> Congregational Commonwealth: Connecticut, 1636–1662</i> (1968)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lipman, Andrew (2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A meanes to knitt them togeather": the exchange of body parts in the Pequot War". <i><a href="/wiki/William_and_Mary_Quarterly" title="William and Mary Quarterly">William and Mary Quarterly</a></i>. third series. <b>65</b> (1): 3–28. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25096768">25096768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.atitle=%22A+meanes+to+knitt+them+togeather%22%3A+the+exchange+of+body+parts+in+the+Pequot+War&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-28&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25096768%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lipman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Roth, David M. and Freeman Meyer. <i>From Revolution to Constitution: Connecticut, 1763–1818</i> (Series in Connecticut history) (1975) 111pp</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanford,_Elias_Benjamin1887" class="citation book cs1">Sanford, Elias Benjamin (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryconnect01sanfgoog"><i>A history of Connecticut</i></a>. S.S. Scranton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Connecticut&rft.pub=S.S.+Scranton&rft.date=1887&rft.au=Sanford%2C+Elias+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryconnect01sanfgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span>; very old textbook; strongest on military history, and schools</li> <li>Taylor, Robert Joseph. <i>Colonial Connecticut: A History</i> (1979); standard scholarly history</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumbull1818" class="citation book cs1">Trumbull, Benjamin (1818). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAo_AQAAMAAJ"><i>Complete History of Connecticut, Civil and Ecclesiastical</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+History+of+Connecticut%2C+Civil+and+Ecclesiastical&rft.date=1818&rft.aulast=Trumbull&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAo_AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span> very old history; to 1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Van_Dusen" title="Albert E. Van Dusen">Van Dusen, Albert E</a>. <i>Connecticut A Fully Illustrated History of the State from the Seventeenth Century to the Present</i> (1961) 470pp the standard survey to 1960, by a leading scholar</li> <li>Van Dusen, Albert E. <i> Puritans against the wilderness: Connecticut history to 1763 </i>(Series in Connecticut history) 150pp (1975)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1999" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Peter W., ed. (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/perspectivesonam0000unse_d2w1"><i>Perspectives on American Religion and Culture</i></a></span>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5771-8117-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5771-8117-0"><bdi>978-1-5771-8117-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+American+Religion+and+Culture&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-5771-8117-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperspectivesonam0000unse_d2w1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Zeichner, Oscar. <i>Connecticut's Years of Controversy, 1750–1776</i> (1949)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialized_studies">Specialized studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Specialized studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Buell, Richard Jr. <i>Dear Liberty: Connecticut's Mobilization for the Revolutionary War</i> (1980), major scholarly study</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushman,_Richard_L.1970" class="citation book cs1">Bushman, Richard L. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tMgHkGUo_8IC"><i>From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690–1765</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674029125" title="Special:BookSources/9780674029125"><bdi>9780674029125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Puritan+to+Yankee%3A+Character+and+the+Social+Order+in+Connecticut%2C+1690%E2%80%931765&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780674029125&rft.au=Bushman%2C+Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtMgHkGUo_8IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Collier, Christopher. <i>Roger Sherman's Connecticut: Yankee Politics and the American Revolution</i> (1971)</li> <li>Daniels, Bruce Colin. <i>The Connecticut town: Growth and development, 1635–1790</i> (Wesleyan University Press, 1979)</li> <li>Daniels, Bruce C. "Democracy and Oligarchy in Connecticut Towns-General Assembly Office holding, 1701-1790" <i><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Quarterly" title="Social Science Quarterly">Social Science Quarterly</a></i> (1975) 56#3 pp: 460–475.</li> <li>Fennelly, Catherine. <i>Connecticut women in the Revolutionary era</i> (Connecticut bicentennial series) (1975) 60pp</li> <li>Grant, Charles S. <i>Democracy in the Connecticut Frontier Town of Kent</i> (1970)</li> <li>Hooker, Roland Mather. <i>The Colonial Trade of Connecticut</i> (1936) online; 44pp</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert,_Edward_Rodolphus1838" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Edward Rodolphus (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycolonyne00lambgoog"><i>History of the Colony of New Haven: Before and After the Union with Connecticut. Containing a Particular Description of the Towns which Composed that Government, Viz., New Haven, Milford, Guilford, Branford, Stamford, & Southold, L. I., with a Notice of the Towns which Have Been Set Off from "the Original Six."</i></a>. Hitchcock & Stafford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Colony+of+New+Haven%3A+Before+and+After+the+Union+with+Connecticut.+Containing+a+Particular+Description+of+the+Towns+which+Composed+that+Government%2C+Viz.%2C+New+Haven%2C+Milford%2C+Guilford%2C+Branford%2C+Stamford%2C+%26+Southold%2C+L.+I.%2C+with+a+Notice+of+the+Towns+which+Have+Been+Set+Off+from+%22the+Original+Six.%22&rft.pub=Hitchcock+%26+Stafford&rft.date=1838&rft.au=Lambert%2C+Edward+Rodolphus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorycolonyne00lambgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Main, Jackson Turner. <i>Connecticut Society in the Era of the American Revolution</i> (pamphlet in the Connecticut bicentennial series) (1977)</li> <li>Pierson, George Wilson. <i>History of Yale College</i> (vol 1, 1952) scholarly history</li> <li>Selesky Harold E. <i>War and Society in Colonial Connecticut</i> (1990) 278 pp.</li> <li>Taylor, John M. <i>The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647–1697</i> (1969) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/1555487/the-witchcraft-delusion-in-colonial-connecticut-1647-1697">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumbull,_James_Hammond1886" class="citation book cs1">Trumbull, James Hammond (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B18EAAAAYAAJ"><i>The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633–1884</i></a>. E. L. Osgood.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+memorial+history+of+Hartford+County%2C+Connecticut%2C+1633%E2%80%931884&rft.pub=E.+L.+Osgood&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Trumbull%2C+James+Hammond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_B18EAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConnecticut+Colony" class="Z3988"></span>, 700pp</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Daniels, Bruce C. "Antiquarians and Professionals: The Historians of Colonial Connecticut", <i>Connecticut History</i> (1982), 23#1, pp 81–97.</li> <li>Meyer, Freeman W. "The Evolution of the Interpretation of Economic Life in Colonial Connecticut", <i>Connecticut History</i> (1985) 26#1 pp 33–43.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colony_of_Connecticut" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Colony of Connecticut">Colony of Connecticut</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/mb?c=855228657;a=listsrch;q1=Connecticut;sort=rel_d;pn=1">Published colonial records</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Archival collections</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0m3nc472/">Guide to the Connecticut Colony Land Deeds.</a> Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Other</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111213722/http://www.colonialct.uconn.edu/">Colonial Connecticut Records: The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut, 1636–1776</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~randall/connecticut-bdm-identifier.html">Colonial Connecticut Town Nomenclature</a></li> 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thirteen_Colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1680</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Related Documents</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> <small>(1584)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> <small>(1620)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> <small>(1622)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> <small>(1630–1651)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> <small>(1638)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> <small>(1676)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Category:Thirteen Colonies">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_overseas_territories" title="Template talk:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_overseas_territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British overseas territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_British_Empire_and_Current_British_Overseas_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and Current <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Legend</span></dt> <dd>Former territory</dd> <dd><b>Current territory</b></dd> <dd>*Current <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></dd> <dd><sup>†</sup>Current member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></b> since 1960 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a> 1794–1796</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b> since 1713</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a> 1807–1890</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> 1809–1864</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Ireland</a> 1542–1800 <span style="font-size:85%;">(integrated into the UK)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Free State</a> 1921–1931</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup>Malta <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Protectorate</a> 1800–1813</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Colony</a> 1813–1964</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Minorca</a> 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) 1868–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>) 1884–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">Cameroons</a><sup>13</sup> 1919–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> 1795–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape of Good Hope</a> 1806–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate" title="British Central Africa Protectorate">Central Africa</a> 1891–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Protectorate" title="East Africa Protectorate">East Africa</a> 1895–1920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">Egypt</a> 1882–1922</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Gambia Colony and Protectorate">The Gambia</a> 1816–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a> (<sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>) 1874–1957</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a> 1920–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_Colony" title="Lagos Colony">Lagos</a> 1862–1906</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Madeira" title="History of Madeira">Madeira</a> 1807–1808</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Mauritius" title="British Mauritius">Mauritius</a> 1810–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a> 1856–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Coast_Protectorate" title="Niger Coast Protectorate">Niger Coast</a> 1884–1900</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Nigeria" title="Colonial Nigeria">Nigeria</a> 1914–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a><sup>15</sup> 1924–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> 1891–1964</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_River_Colony" title="Orange River Colony">Orange River</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Seychelles" title="History of Seychelles">Seychelles</a> 1903–1976</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Colony_and_Protectorate" title="Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate">Sierra Leone</a> 1792–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Somaliland" title="British Somaliland">Somaliland</a> 1884–1960</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> 1910–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-West_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Africa">South-West Africa</a><sup>12</sup> 1915–1931</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a><sup>14</sup> 1923–1965 and 1979–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Southern Nigeria Protectorate">Southern Nigeria</a> 1900–1914</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Swaziland">Swaziland</a> 1893–1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Sudan</a> 1899–1956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika</a><sup>13</sup> 1922–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal</a> 1900–1910</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Protectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda Protectorate">Uganda</a> 1890–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> 1890–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zululand</a> 1887–1897</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>12</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. British Cameroons is now part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, while Tanganyika is part of <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.</li> <li><sup>14</sup><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Self-governing</a> Southern Rhodesia <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965 (as <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>) and continued as an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">unrecognised</a> state until the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement</a>. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.</li> <li><sup>15</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a> 1839–1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">Afghanistan</a> 1839–1842 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">Protectorate</a> 1879–1919</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">Bencoolen</a> 1685–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Banka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belitung" title="Belitung">Billiton</a> 1812–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a> 1757–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a> (protectorate) 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">Borneo</a> 1874–1963</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></b> since 1965 (before as part of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>)<sup>26</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> 1824–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei</a> 1888–1984</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> 1795–1948</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> 1878–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> 1841–1997</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a><sup>18</sup> 1858–1947</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> 1811–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a> 1918–1961</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a> 1848–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a> 1819–1826 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated States</a> 1895–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated States</a> 1885–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Union</a> 1946–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation</a> 1948–1957</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_the_Maldives" title="Independence of the Maldives">Maldives</a> 1796–1965</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_Manila" title="British occupation of Manila">Manila and Cavite</a> 1762–1764</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Mesopotamia" title="Mandate for Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a><sup>19</sup> 1920–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a> 1891–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> 1882–1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a> 1781–1784 and 1795–1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a><sup>19</sup> 1923–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Penang" title="History of Penang">Penang</a> 1786–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4n_S%C6%A1n_Island" title="Côn Sơn Island">Pulo Condore</a> 1702–1705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a> 1841–1946 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Crown Colony</a> 1946–1963</li></ul></li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> 1946–1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">South Vietnam</a> 1945–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1826–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> 1921–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucial_States" title="Trucial States">Trucial States</a> 1892–1971</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihaiwei_under_British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Weihaiwei under British rule">Weihai</a> 1898–1930</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>18</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a>. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Iraqi Treaty">Anglo-Iraqi Treaty</a></li> <li><sup>26</sup>Legitimacy of territorial establishment <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">disputed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></b> since 1650</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a> 1632–1860</li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="History of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> 1860–1981</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Bahamas" title="History of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a> 1670–1973</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a> 1624–1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> 1643–1860</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">Belize</a> 1871–1981</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></b> since 1619</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> 16th c.–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">British Columbia</a> 1858–1866 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">1866–1871</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> 1754–1820</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dominica" title="History of Dominica">Dominica</a> 1763–1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Grenada" title="History of Grenada">Grenada</a> 1762–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> 1791–1841</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province</a> 1841–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Dominion</a> 1867–1931</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> 1663–1712</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></b> since 1670</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a>/<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Country" title="Oregon Country">Oregon Country</a> 1818–1846</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Connecticut</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> 1701–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> 1733–1776</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> 1655–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leeward_Islands" title="British Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a> 1671–1816, 1833–1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">MassachusettsBay</a> 1629–1691 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province</a>, 1691–1776</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> 1632–1776</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></b> since 1632</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Mosquito Coast</a> 1655–1860</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> 1628–1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a> 1579</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Brunswick" title="History of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> 1784–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">New England</a> 1686–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> 1680–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> 1637–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> 1665–1674 and 1702–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> 1664–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> 1907–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> 1583–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> 1859–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> 1713–1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet_affair_(1843)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulet affair (1843)">Paulet affair</a> 1843</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="History of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> 1763–1873</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 1681–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> 1620–1691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> 1763–1791* <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands" title="Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> 1853–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> 1636–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> 1670–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> 1625–1650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> 1623–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="History of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> 1882–1983</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> 1605–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> 1627–1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> 1635–1644</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> 1712–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen</a> 1862–1863</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> 1889–1962</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></b> since 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Colony of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> 1849–1866</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></b> since 1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> 1607–1776</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Florida" title="British West Florida">West Florida</a> 1763–1783</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> 1958–1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Associated_States" title="West Indies Associated States">Associated States</a> 1967–1983</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> 1674–1702</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Windward_Islands" title="British Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> 1833–1960</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">18th and 19th centuries</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">20th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">New South Wales</a> 1788–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Tasmania</a> 1803–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1807–1863</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a><sup>21</sup> 1824–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Queensland" title="Colony of Queensland">Queensland</a> 1824–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Western Australia</a> 1829–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of South Australia">South Australia</a> 1836–1901</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="History of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></b> since 1838</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1841–1907</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia" title="North Australia">North Australia</a> 1846–1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria" title="Colony of Victoria">Victoria</a> 1851–1901</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Fiji</a> 1874–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Western_Pacific_Territories" title="British Western Pacific Territories">Western Pacific Territories</a> 1877–1976</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> 1884–1902</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_Federation" title="Cook Islands Federation">Cook Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1888–1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Islands">Union Islands</a><sup>20</sup> 1889–1948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a><sup>22</sup> 1892–1979</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/British_Solomon_Islands" title="British Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> 1893–1978</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tonga" title="History of Tonga">Tonga</a> 1900–1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Niue" title="History of Niue">Niue</a><sup>20</sup> 1900–1974</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">Australia</a> 1901–1942</li> <li><sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand" title="Dominion of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> 1907–1947</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa_Trust_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa Trust Territory">Samoa</a> 1914–1962</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> 1919–1942 and 1945–1968</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>20</sup>Now part of the <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a></li> <li><sup>21</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><sup>22</sup>Now <sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> and <sup>†</sup>*<a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_colony" title="Providence Island colony">Providence Island</a> 1631–1641</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughbyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Willoughbyland">Willoughbyland</a> 1651–1667</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Saint Andrew and Providence Islands</a><sup>4</sup> 1670–1688</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">Guiana</a> 1831–1966</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1833</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>5</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>4</sup>Now a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">department</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><sup>5</sup>Occupied by Argentina during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> of April–June 1982.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica_and_the_South_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica and the South Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1658</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1815</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></b><sup>23</sup> since 1816</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></b> since 1833</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>)</span> 1841–1933</li> <li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a>)</span> 1841–1947</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></b><sup>24</sup> since 1908</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></b><sup>25</sup> since 1908</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>23</sup>Since 2009 part of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></b>; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.</li> <li><sup>24</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Treaty">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</li> <li><sup>25</sup>Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">Historical flags of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> culture</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Empire" title="Category:British Empire">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/21px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/32px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/42px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">British Empire</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/21px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/32px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/42px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Connecticut" title="Portal:Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/20px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951500#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951500#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951500#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/238515270">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5036943-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85031161">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36012626">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555416605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1185238">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Connecticut_Colony&params=41.71803_N_72.75146_W_type:adm2nd_globe:earth_region:US-CT"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°43′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°45′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.71803°N 72.75146°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.71803; -72.75146</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&oldid=1257187310">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Colony&oldid=1257187310</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1636" title="Category:States and territories established in 1636">States and territories established in 1636</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1776" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1776">States and territories disestablished in 1776</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1636_establishments_in_Connecticut" title="Category:1636 establishments in Connecticut">1636 establishments in Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1776_disestablishments_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1776 disestablishments in the British Empire">1776 disestablishments in the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Connecticut_Colony" title="Category:Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colonial_settlements_in_North_America" title="Category:Colonial settlements in North America">Colonial settlements in North America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colonial_United_States_(British)" title="Category:Colonial United States (British)">Colonial 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