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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F87357589%2FBetween_stigma_and_dawn_of_medicine_the_last_leprosarium_in_Croatia%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F87357589%2FBetween_stigma_and_dawn_of_medicine_the_last_leprosarium_in_Croatia%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":91589199,"identifier":"Attachment_91589199","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":87357589,"created_at":"2022-09-26T10:01:28.336-07:00","from_world_paper_id":215958605,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T17:59:07.727-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Croatian Medical Journal","grobid_abstract":"In an attempt to reconstruct the function of the last leprosarium in Croatia, situated in the little town of Metković in the Neretva valley, we used local folk tales and compared them with different data sources, such as register of deaths in the Roman Catholic parishes in Metković and the nearby village of Vidonje, archived local newspapers, building documents, and different artifacts from the beginning of the 20th century. We identified individuals and families who were treated in the leprosarium during its existence from 1905, when it was built, until 1925, when it was closed down. We analyzed why the Neretva river valley was chosen for the isolation of lepers. It seems that the geographical position of the region, close to the endemic seat of the disease in the neighboring Bosnia, was more important for the decision to build the leprosarium than the incidence of leprosy or some recent outbreak of the disease in Croatia. Building of leprosariums, such as this one in Metković, was a part of tradition of separating lepers from human community. This was considered as a socially and medically justified behavior in a time when it was not possible to identify the cause of leprosy and apply the proper treatment.","publication_date":"2006,10,1","publication_name":"Croatian Medical Journal","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"91589199"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Between stigma and dawn of medicine: the last leprosarium in Croatia","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33873922]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":91589199,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Between stigma and dawn of medicine: the last leprosarium in Croatia”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/91589199/mini_magick20220926-1-hlr8n3.png?1664214813" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Between stigma and dawn of medicine: the last leprosarium in Croatia</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33873922" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarioWokaunn"><img alt="Profile image of Mario Wokaunn" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/33873922/9965343/11112812/s65_mario.wokaunn.jpg" />Mario Wokaunn</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2006, Croatian Medical Journal</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 87357589; 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This document presents information about spaces associated with leprosy from different cities in Italy</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conserving the History of Leprosy in Italy","attachmentId":106657995,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108216881/Conserving_the_History_of_Leprosy_in_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108216881/Conserving_the_History_of_Leprosy_in_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="34216468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34216468/Growth_and_Development_of_Care_for_Leprosy_Sufferers_Provided_by_Religious_Institutions_from_the_First_Century_AD_to_the_Middle_Ages">Growth, and Development of Care for Leprosy Sufferers Provided by Religious Institutions from the First Century AD to the Middle Ages</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39706841" href="https://exeter.academia.edu/PhilippaJulietMeek">Philippa Juliet Meek-Smith</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">University of South Florida Master of Arts Thesis, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This thesis aims to outline the causes, symptoms, and treatments related to leprosy, and how it can be diagnosed in patients and identified in human remains. The thesis also aims to demonstrate the ways in which care for leprosy sufferers developed as the disease became more prevalent and more commonly, and correctly identified. It analyses the social stigmas inflicted upon sufferers, and the medical care and attention provided for them by religious institutions when other groups or organisations shunned those suffering from leprosy. The rationale for this study is to identify trends surrounding the social stigmas attached to leprosy and care from the first identifiable case of strain three of Mycobacterium leprae in the 1st century AD to the late Middle Ages when the number of cases of leprosy appears to begin to decline. Using archaeological evidence, historical records, and the published research of experts in the field, this thesis demonstrates that as leprosy spread throughout the Middle East and Europe, religious organisations often took on the role as care givers for leprosy sufferers through the ideal of religious, often Christian, charity; to look after the poor, sick, and needy. As the trends presented in this study have yet to be published elsewhere in this way, this thesis aims to contribute via an interdisciplinary approach to the fields of religious archaeology, anthropology and bioarchaeology.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Growth, and Development of Care for Leprosy Sufferers Provided by Religious Institutions from the First Century AD to the Middle Ages","attachmentId":54132318,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34216468/Growth_and_Development_of_Care_for_Leprosy_Sufferers_Provided_by_Religious_Institutions_from_the_First_Century_AD_to_the_Middle_Ages","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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href="https://inantro.academia.edu/%C5%BDeljkaBedi%C4%87">Željka Bedić</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The earliest recorded case of lepromatous leprosy in continental Croatia","attachmentId":77935240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66924039/The_earliest_recorded_case_of_lepromatous_leprosy_in_continental_Croatia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66924039/The_earliest_recorded_case_of_lepromatous_leprosy_in_continental_Croatia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="5793085" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7">Mauro Rubini, Valentina dell’Anno, Pasquale Favia, Roberta Giuliani, Paola Zaio, The First Probable Case of Leprosy in Southeast Italy (13th-14th Centuries AD, Montecorvino, Puglia), in “Journal of Anthropology” 2012, pp. 1-7.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7389076" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ValentinaDellAnno">Valentina Dell'Anno</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3257737" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/RobertaGiuliani">Roberta Giuliani</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30813935" href="https://beniculturali.academia.edu/MauroRubini">Mauro Rubini</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1999164" href="https://unifg.academia.edu/PasqualeFavia">Pasquale Favia</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mauro Rubini, Valentina dell’Anno, Pasquale Favia, Roberta Giuliani, Paola Zaio, The First Probable Case of Leprosy in Southeast Italy (13th-14th Centuries AD, Montecorvino, Puglia), in “Journal of Anthropology” 2012, pp. 1-7.","attachmentId":33242645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="50248395" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary">Leprosy in the 10–13TH Century Ad in Eastern Hungary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32353386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonoghueHelen">Helen Donoghue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the examination of the skeletons of past human populations, the various aspects of the pathological changes provide useful information about their living circumstances and may be indicators of their health conditions. The purpose of this study is two-fold: firstly, to review the published cases of the osseous leprosy in Eastern Hungary, and secondly, to present a new case dated to the 10–13th century of a region of present-day Eastern Hungary. In this region 8 cases have already been published from the 10–12th centuries. The new case of osseous leprosy (Hajdúdorog-Szállásföldek) – from the 12–13th centuries – is housed at the Jósa András Múzeum in Nyíregyháza. The paleopathological investigation was carried out using macroscopic observation and the isolation and analysis of DNA for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae was carried out in London. The bone changes were manifested in the skull.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leprosy in the 10–13TH Century Ad in Eastern Hungary","attachmentId":68304923,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="81478881" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81478881/Alloparenting_Adolescents_Evaluating_the_Social_and_Biological_Impacts_of_Leprosy_on_Young_People_in_Saxo_Norman_England_9th_to_12th_Centuries_AD_through_Cross_Disciplinary_Models_of_Care">Alloparenting Adolescents: Evaluating the Social and Biological Impacts of Leprosy on Young People in Saxo-Norman England (9th to 12th Centuries AD) through Cross-Disciplinary Models of Care</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="436925" href="https://derby.academia.edu/KoriLeaFilipek">Kori Lea Filipek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kendall, Ellen J. & Kendall, Ross (Eds.). The Family in Past Perspective: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Familial Relationships Through Time. London: Routledge, pp. 30-57, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The majority of historical sources describe past attitudes towards people with leprosy as negative, focussing on ostracism and damnation, and this is thought to have impacted on the care that sufferers received. More recent historical and archaeological evidence challenges this longstanding perspective, portraying a very different view of care for those with this potentially debilitating and disfiguring disease (Roberts 2002; Rawcliffe 2006; Roberts 2013; Roberts 2018). This paper aims to explore the social and biological impacts of adolescents with leprosy in SaxoNorman England (9th – 12th centuries AD). The intersection of youth, chronic infection, aspects of care (inclusive of medical, surgical, and daily support), and cultural identity has only been tangentially explored in the past (e.g see Redfern and Gowland 2011; Roberts and Bernard 2015; Lewis 2017). Studies that integrate these entwined themes can, however, provide a more holistic view of societal responses to wider encultured disease identities. This study utilises multiple lines of evidence for medical care and social treatment to evaluate the validity of dominant historical narratives about leprosy, i.e. that people in the past with leprosy were not cared for or treated well. In order to achieve this, the notion of past requirements of care and treatment through an alloparental model will be introduced. This is followed by a review of the existing historiographical evidence for medical care for young people in the medieval period to better understand systems of care provision and parental reactions to their sick children at this time. Discussions of leprosy in young people in the present and past will help contribute to longitudinal views of the biological impacts of leprosy and help the necessity for care in relation to certain pathological responses (i.e. the manifestation of lepromatous leprosy). To apply this framework to the past, palaeopathological and archaeological evidence from adolescent individuals excavated from the North Cemetery of St. Mary Magdalen leprosy hospital will be analysed. The presence of both leprosy and alloparental care for adolescents in the Saxo-Norman transition at this hospital is demonstrated. Finally, the construction of a theoretical model of required clinical care and provisions, such as the Index of Care framework, helps interpret the evidence for care in alloparental institutions such as leprosaria. The treatment of people with leprosy in the medieval period is often cited as a justification for the continuing stigma and community expulsion of family members with leprosy in some parts of the world (World Health Organization 2015). Therefore, it is worth examining the social milieu of this disease in which young people with leprosy in the past lived, and the models of care and treatment that may be interpreted from these data in order to dispel this longstanding stigma</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Alloparenting Adolescents: Evaluating the Social and Biological Impacts of Leprosy on Young People in Saxo-Norman England (9th to 12th Centuries AD) through Cross-Disciplinary Models of Care","attachmentId":87510471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81478881/Alloparenting_Adolescents_Evaluating_the_Social_and_Biological_Impacts_of_Leprosy_on_Young_People_in_Saxo_Norman_England_9th_to_12th_Centuries_AD_through_Cross_Disciplinary_Models_of_Care","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81478881/Alloparenting_Adolescents_Evaluating_the_Social_and_Biological_Impacts_of_Leprosy_on_Young_People_in_Saxo_Norman_England_9th_to_12th_Centuries_AD_through_Cross_Disciplinary_Models_of_Care"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="77144898" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77144898/Life_and_death_of_a_leprosy_sufferer_from_the_8th_century_CE_cemetery_of_Kiskundorozsma_Kett%C5%91shat%C3%A1r_I_Duna_Tisza_Interfluve_Hungary_Biological_and_social_consequences_of_having_Hansen_s_disease_in_a_late_Avar_Age_population_from_Hungary">Life and death of a leprosy sufferer from the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár I (Duna-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary)—Biological and social consequences of having Hansen’s disease in a late Avar Age population from Hungary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5102540" href="https://u-szeged.academia.edu/Bal%C3%A1zsTihanyi">Balázs Tihanyi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of our paper is to demonstrate a middle-aged male (KK61) from the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár I (Duna-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary), who appears to represent the lepromatous form of Hansen’s disease. Leprosy has affected not only the rhinomaxillary region of his face but also his lower limbs, with severe deformation and disfigurement of the involved anatomical areas (saddle-nose and flat-foot deformity, respectively). Consequently, he would have experienced disability in performing the basic activities of daily living, such as eating, drinking, standing or walking; and thus, he would have required regular and substantial care from others to survive. Despite his very visible disease and associated debility, it seems that KK61 was accepted as a member of the community in death, since he has been buried within the cemetery boundaries, among others from his community. In addition, his grave has conformed to the mortuary practices characteristic of the Kisk...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Life and death of a leprosy sufferer from the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár I (Duna-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary)—Biological and social consequences of having Hansen’s disease in a late Avar Age population from Hungary","attachmentId":84604672,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77144898/Life_and_death_of_a_leprosy_sufferer_from_the_8th_century_CE_cemetery_of_Kiskundorozsma_Kett%C5%91shat%C3%A1r_I_Duna_Tisza_Interfluve_Hungary_Biological_and_social_consequences_of_having_Hansen_s_disease_in_a_late_Avar_Age_population_from_Hungary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77144898/Life_and_death_of_a_leprosy_sufferer_from_the_8th_century_CE_cemetery_of_Kiskundorozsma_Kett%C5%91shat%C3%A1r_I_Duna_Tisza_Interfluve_Hungary_Biological_and_social_consequences_of_having_Hansen_s_disease_in_a_late_Avar_Age_population_from_Hungary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="89477764" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia">First reported archaeological case of leprosy in Slovakia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9359757" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/MatejRuttkay">Matej Ruttkay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2009 and 2010, a rescue excavation at Nitra-Selenec II (Slovakia) was carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. A medieval cemetery dated to the end of 11th century was discovered, yielding 72 individuals, including the skeleton of young female manifesting skeletal changes consistent with leprosy. The lesions of rhino-maxillary syndrome (facies leprosa) were observed together with atrophied/tapered metatarsal bones of “licked candy” appearance. In addition, cribra orbitalia, cribra cranii, bilateral periostitis of distal ends of the tibiae and fibulae, and vertebral hypervascularization were recorded. The results of light microscopic investigation agreed with the macroscopic diagnosis of leprosy. Reported cases of leprosy from eastern central Europe are few, coming mostly from the region of present-day Hungary. Until recently, only three probable cases of leprosy (all dated to pre-Crusade Middle Ages) were discovered in the area of former Czechoslovakia, all of them in the modern Czech Republic. The case from the late 11th century, presented in this paper, can be considered the first evidence of the disease in the region of Slovakia.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"First reported archaeological case of leprosy in Slovakia","attachmentId":101070930,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27194526" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27194526/The_Visible_Sin_Leprosy_in_Medieval_Europe">The "Visible Sin": Leprosy in Medieval Europe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4698036" href="https://ehesp.academia.edu/PatrickZylberman">Patrick Zylberman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Leprosy: A Short History</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The \"Visible Sin\": Leprosy in Medieval Europe","attachmentId":47447145,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27194526/The_Visible_Sin_Leprosy_in_Medieval_Europe","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27194526/The_Visible_Sin_Leprosy_in_Medieval_Europe"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91589199,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91589199,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_91589199" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="38683111" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38683111/Outside_St_J%C3%B8rgen_Leprosy_in_the_medieval_Danish_city_of_Odense">Outside St. Jørgen: Leprosy in the medieval Danish city of Odense</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="81006301" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeneMollerup">Lene Mollerup</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Outside St. Jørgen: Leprosy in the medieval Danish city of Odense","attachmentId":58765932,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38683111/Outside_St_J%C3%B8rgen_Leprosy_in_the_medieval_Danish_city_of_Odense","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38683111/Outside_St_J%C3%B8rgen_Leprosy_in_the_medieval_Danish_city_of_Odense"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="53529413" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past">Biological and social implications of a medieval burial from Cyprus for understanding leprosy in the past</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16811323" href="https://asu.academia.edu/BrendaBaker">Brenda Baker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Paleopathology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological and social implications of a medieval burial from Cyprus for understanding leprosy in the past","attachmentId":70330917,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="30713892" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30713892/Review_E_Brenner_Leprosy_and_Charity_in_Medieval_Rouen_London_2015_">Review: E. Brenner. Leprosy and Charity in Medieval Rouen (London, 2015)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8603318" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/PietroDelcorno">Pietro Delcorno</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: E. Brenner. Leprosy and Charity in Medieval Rouen (London, 2015)","attachmentId":51161710,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30713892/Review_E_Brenner_Leprosy_and_Charity_in_Medieval_Rouen_London_2015_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30713892/Review_E_Brenner_Leprosy_and_Charity_in_Medieval_Rouen_London_2015_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="83254442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title 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