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(PDF) The probable evidence of leprosy in a male individual unearthed in medieval Armenia (Angeghakot) | Anahit Khudaverdyan - Academia.edu
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Vol. 15(1). P. 24-37.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58305575" href="https://archaeologyethnographynationalacademysciencesarmenia.academia.edu/AnahitKhudaverdyan">Anahit Khudaverdyan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this study is to present the paleopathological lesions relevant to the discussion of the differential diagnosis of leprosy. Macroscopic, histological and X-ray observation of the bones and scrutiny of lesions according to the paleopathological literature allowed the identification of a probable case of leprosy in an adult male from Angeghakot (Early Middle Age, skeleton 4). The skeleton of a male (50-55 years) revealed several bony changes indicative of leprosy with clear rhino-maxillary syndrome. There is a scarcity of information in the osteoarchaeological literature of leprosy in ancient Armenia. The significance of this case is that it adds to an understanding of the history of the disease in Armenia and to the data set necessary to understand the epidemiological dynamics in the South Caucasus during the Early Middle Ages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The probable evidence of leprosy in a male individual unearthed in medieval Armenia (Angeghakot) //Bulletin of the International Association for Paleontology. 2021. Vol. 15(1). P. 24-37.","attachmentId":67737540,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49283925/The_probable_evidence_of_leprosy_in_a_male_individual_unearthed_in_medieval_Armenia_Angeghakot_Bulletin_of_the_International_Association_for_Paleontology_2021_Vol_15_1_P_24_37","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49283925/The_probable_evidence_of_leprosy_in_a_male_individual_unearthed_in_medieval_Armenia_Angeghakot_Bulletin_of_the_International_Association_for_Paleontology_2021_Vol_15_1_P_24_37"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="50248395" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary">Leprosy in the 10–13TH Century Ad in Eastern Hungary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32353386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonoghueHelen">Helen Donoghue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the examination of the skeletons of past human populations, the various aspects of the pathological changes provide useful information about their living circumstances and may be indicators of their health conditions. The purpose of this study is two-fold: firstly, to review the published cases of the osseous leprosy in Eastern Hungary, and secondly, to present a new case dated to the 10–13th century of a region of present-day Eastern Hungary. In this region 8 cases have already been published from the 10–12th centuries. The new case of osseous leprosy (Hajdúdorog-Szállásföldek) – from the 12–13th centuries – is housed at the Jósa András Múzeum in Nyíregyháza. The paleopathological investigation was carried out using macroscopic observation and the isolation and analysis of DNA for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae was carried out in London. The bone changes were manifested in the skull.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leprosy in the 10–13TH Century Ad in Eastern Hungary","attachmentId":68304923,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50248395/Leprosy_in_the_10_13TH_Century_Ad_in_Eastern_Hungary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="16403777" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16403777/The_first_osteoarchaeological_evidence_of_leprosy_in_Hungary">The first osteoarchaeological evidence of leprosy in Hungary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6749663" href="https://u-szeged.academia.edu/Gy%C3%B6rgyP%C3%A1lfi">György Pálfi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The first osteoarchaeological evidence of leprosy in Hungary","attachmentId":38978592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16403777/The_first_osteoarchaeological_evidence_of_leprosy_in_Hungary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16403777/The_first_osteoarchaeological_evidence_of_leprosy_in_Hungary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39674707" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39674707/Leprosy_Studies_2012_">Leprosy Studies (2012)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This folder was originally prepared for the 2009 and 2012 iterations of my NEH Summer Seminar, "Health and Disease in the Middle Ages." After the 2012 Seminar ended, the participants still had access to the Blackboard files, so I continued making additions through 2015 (up through the complete sequencing of a modern isolate of M. lepromatosis by Singh et al. 2015). I've added a note to indicate the major developments in the field of the phylogenetics and palaeogenetics of leprosy up through 2019.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leprosy Studies (2012)","attachmentId":59841715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39674707/Leprosy_Studies_2012_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39674707/Leprosy_Studies_2012_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2148339" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2148339/Paleopathological_and_molecular_study_on_two_cases_of_ancient_childhood_leprosy_from_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empires">Paleopathological and molecular study on two cases of ancient childhood leprosy from the Roman and Byzantine Empires</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2777695" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkSpigelman">Mark Spigelman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal …, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Paleopathological and molecular study on two cases of ancient childhood leprosy from the Roman and Byzantine Empires","attachmentId":50733894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2148339/Paleopathological_and_molecular_study_on_two_cases_of_ancient_childhood_leprosy_from_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empires","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2148339/Paleopathological_and_molecular_study_on_two_cases_of_ancient_childhood_leprosy_from_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empires"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="71579274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71579274/Chapter_2_The_Distribution_and_Origins_of_Ancient_Leprosy">Chapter 2 The Distribution and Origins of Ancient Leprosy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32353386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonoghueHelen">Helen Donoghue</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Human leprosy is primarily caused by Mycobacterium leprae, but also by the related ‘M. lepromatosis’. Ancient leprosy can be recognised in archaeological materials by the paleopathology associated with multi-bacillary or lepromatous forms of the disease. Whole M. leprae genomes have been obtained from human skeletons, and diagnostic aDNA fragments have been recovered. The derived M. leprae phylogenies, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, mirror past human migrations, as M. leprae is usually an obligate pathogen. The detection of M. leprae in historical leprosy cases is assisted by the hydrophobic M. leprae cell envelope, which is composed of unusual lipids that can be used as specific biomarkers. Lipid biomarkers are more stable than aDNA and can be detected directly without amplification. Indigenous human leprosy is extinct in Western Europe, but recently, both M. leprae and ‘M. lepromatosis’ were found in British red squirrels. Leprosy may also be found in ninebanded armadil...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chapter 2 The Distribution and Origins of Ancient Leprosy","attachmentId":80862292,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71579274/Chapter_2_The_Distribution_and_Origins_of_Ancient_Leprosy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71579274/Chapter_2_The_Distribution_and_Origins_of_Ancient_Leprosy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="89477764" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia">First reported archaeological case of leprosy in Slovakia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9359757" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/MatejRuttkay">Matej Ruttkay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2009 and 2010, a rescue excavation at Nitra-Selenec II (Slovakia) was carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. A medieval cemetery dated to the end of 11th century was discovered, yielding 72 individuals, including the skeleton of young female manifesting skeletal changes consistent with leprosy. The lesions of rhino-maxillary syndrome (facies leprosa) were observed together with atrophied/tapered metatarsal bones of “licked candy” appearance. In addition, cribra orbitalia, cribra cranii, bilateral periostitis of distal ends of the tibiae and fibulae, and vertebral hypervascularization were recorded. The results of light microscopic investigation agreed with the macroscopic diagnosis of leprosy. Reported cases of leprosy from eastern central Europe are few, coming mostly from the region of present-day Hungary. Until recently, only three probable cases of leprosy (all dated to pre-Crusade Middle Ages) were discovered in the area of former Czechoslovakia, all of them in the modern Czech Republic. The case from the late 11th century, presented in this paper, can be considered the first evidence of the disease in the region of Slovakia.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"First reported archaeological case of leprosy in Slovakia","attachmentId":101070930,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89477764/First_reported_archaeological_case_of_leprosy_in_Slovakia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="53529413" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past">Biological and social implications of a medieval burial from Cyprus for understanding leprosy in the past</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16811323" href="https://asu.academia.edu/BrendaBaker">Brenda Baker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Paleopathology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological and social implications of a medieval burial from Cyprus for understanding leprosy in the past","attachmentId":70330917,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/53529413/Biological_and_social_implications_of_a_medieval_burial_from_Cyprus_for_understanding_leprosy_in_the_past"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="66924039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66924039/The_earliest_recorded_case_of_lepromatous_leprosy_in_continental_Croatia">The earliest recorded case of lepromatous leprosy in continental Croatia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3242605" href="https://inantro.academia.edu/%C5%BDeljkaBedi%C4%87">Željka Bedić</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The earliest recorded case of lepromatous leprosy in continental Croatia","attachmentId":77935240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66924039/The_earliest_recorded_case_of_lepromatous_leprosy_in_continental_Croatia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66924039/The_earliest_recorded_case_of_lepromatous_leprosy_in_continental_Croatia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="34846571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34846571/Possible_cases_of_leprosy_from_the_Late_Copper_Age_3780_3650_cal_BC_in_Hungary">Possible cases of leprosy from the Late Copper Age (3780-3650 cal BC) in Hungary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="69757172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterZadori">Péter Zádori</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13420165" href="https://mta.academia.edu/TiborMarton">Tibor Marton</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1972543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/K%C3%B6hlerKitti">Köhler Kitti</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5250037" href="https://elte.academia.edu/Tam%C3%A1sSzeniczey">Tamás Szeniczey</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32353386" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonoghueHelen">Helen Donoghue</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="506679" href="https://elte.academia.edu/Tam%C3%A1sHajdu">Tamás Hajdu</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1038875" href="https://hnm.academia.edu/SzilviaF%C3%A1bi%C3%A1n">Szilvia Fábián</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">At the Abony-Turjá nyos dűlő site, located in Central Hungary, a rescue excavation was carried out. More than 400 features were excavated and dated to the Protobolerá z horizon, at the beginning of the Late Copper Age in the Carpathian Basin, between 3780–3650 cal BC. Besides the domestic and economic units, there were two special areas, with nine-nine pits that differed from the other archaeological features of the site. In the northern pit group seven pits contained human remains belonging to 48 individuals. Some of them were buried carefully, while others were thrown into the pits. The aim of this study is to present the results of the paleopathological and molecular analysis of human remains from this Late Copper Age site. The ratio of neonates to adults was high, 33.3%. Examination of the skeletons revealed a large number of pathological cases, enabling reconstruction of the health profile of the buried individuals. Based on the appearance and frequency of healed ante-and peri mortem trauma, inter-personal (intra-group) violence was characteristic in the Abony Late Copper Age population. However other traces of paleopathology were observed on the bones that appear not to have been caused by warfare or inter-group violence. The remains of one individual demonstrated a rare set of bone lesions that indicate the possible presence of leprosy (Hansen's disease). The most characteristic lesions occurred on the bones of the face, including erosion of the nasal aperture, atrophy of the anterior nasal spine, inflammation of the nasal bone and porosity on both the maxilla and the bones of the lower legs. In a further four cases, leprosy infection is suspected but other infections cannot be excluded. The morphologically diagnosed possible leprosy case significantly modifies our knowledge about the timescale and geographic spread of this specific infectious disease. However, it is not possible to determine the potential connections between the cases of possible leprosy and the special burial circumstances.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Possible cases of leprosy from the Late Copper Age (3780-3650 cal BC) in Hungary","attachmentId":54704994,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34846571/Possible_cases_of_leprosy_from_the_Late_Copper_Age_3780_3650_cal_BC_in_Hungary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34846571/Possible_cases_of_leprosy_from_the_Late_Copper_Age_3780_3650_cal_BC_in_Hungary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":99056781,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":99056781,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_99056781" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="5793085" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7">Mauro Rubini, Valentina dell’Anno, Pasquale Favia, Roberta Giuliani, Paola Zaio, The First Probable Case of Leprosy in Southeast Italy (13th-14th Centuries AD, Montecorvino, Puglia), in “Journal of Anthropology” 2012, pp. 1-7.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7389076" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ValentinaDellAnno">Valentina Dell'Anno</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3257737" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/RobertaGiuliani">Roberta Giuliani</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30813935" href="https://beniculturali.academia.edu/MauroRubini">Mauro Rubini</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1999164" href="https://unifg.academia.edu/PasqualeFavia">Pasquale Favia</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mauro Rubini, Valentina dell’Anno, Pasquale Favia, Roberta Giuliani, Paola Zaio, The First Probable Case of Leprosy in Southeast Italy (13th-14th Centuries AD, Montecorvino, Puglia), in “Journal of Anthropology” 2012, pp. 1-7.","attachmentId":33242645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5793085/Mauro_Rubini_Valentina_dell_Anno_Pasquale_Favia_Roberta_Giuliani_Paola_Zaio_The_First_Probable_Case_of_Leprosy_in_Southeast_Italy_13th_14th_Centuries_AD_Montecorvino_Puglia_in_Journal_of_Anthropology_2012_pp_1_7"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="28814790" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28814790/Lepromatous_leprosy_in_an_early_mediaeval_cemetery_in_Central_Italy_Morrione_Campochiaro_Molise_6th_8th_century_AD_">Lepromatous leprosy in an early mediaeval cemetery in Central Italy (Morrione, Campochiaro, Molise, 6th–8th century AD)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30813935" href="https://beniculturali.academia.edu/MauroRubini">Mauro Rubini</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lepromatous leprosy in an early mediaeval cemetery in Central Italy (Morrione, Campochiaro, Molise, 6th–8th century AD)","attachmentId":49234813,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28814790/Lepromatous_leprosy_in_an_early_mediaeval_cemetery_in_Central_Italy_Morrione_Campochiaro_Molise_6th_8th_century_AD_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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