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{"work":{"id":110595277,"created_at":"2023-12-04T22:10:09.147-08:00","from_world_paper_id":244841728,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T11:30:47.220-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"decision to submit the paper for publication. Funding was managed by the South African Medical Research Council. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the rest of the research team who contributed to this study. In addition, we recognize the important role that the participants played in providing us with their time and information.","publication_date":"2019,8,1","publication_name":"Social Science \u0026 Medicine","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"108364177"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Workplace violence in Bangladesh's garment industry","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [44743830]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":108364177,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Workplace violence in Bangladesh's garment industry”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/108364177/mini_magick20231205-1-tsaca.png?1701757045" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Workplace violence in Bangladesh's garment industry</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44743830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamanthaWillan"><img alt="Profile image of Samantha Willan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Samantha Willan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Social Science & Medicine</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">41 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 110595277; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">decision to submit the paper for publication. Funding was managed by the South African Medical Research Council. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the rest of the research team who contributed to this study. In addition, we recognize the important role that the participants played in providing us with their time and information.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":108364177,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110595277/Workplace_violence_in_Bangladeshs_garment_industry"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":108364177,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110595277/Workplace_violence_in_Bangladeshs_garment_industry"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Sohani</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50608473" href="https://sub.academia.edu/NawziaYasmin">Nawzia Yasmin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3503618" href="https://buhs.academia.edu/MahmudFaruquee">Mahmud Faruquee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Workplace violence against women is endemic in the region, with culture-specific variations. Workplace violence against women is a common occurrence in most societies whether the violence is physical or psychological. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 purposively selected female garment workers to find out the patterns of workplace violence experienced by them through a structured pretested questionnaire. Among the respondents 57.8% were in the age group 18-22 years, followed by 36.1% in the age group of 23-27 years and 6.1% were in 28-32 years. By religion almost 95% were Muslim and rests (5.6%) were Hindu. Among the respondents 43.3% were married and 42.2% were unmarried and rests were separated (8.9%) and divorced (5.6%). Among the respondents 67.8% working in sewing section, 18.9% in finishing section, 4.4% in operating section and 4.4% in cutting section. About 85.6% had monthly income BDT 1600 to 2500 Tk. In the current study cent percent respondents reported tha...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pattern of Workplace Violence Against Female Garment Workers in Selected Areas of Dhaka City","attachmentId":46799463,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26502934/Pattern_of_Workplace_Violence_Against_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Selected_Areas_of_Dhaka_City","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26502934/Pattern_of_Workplace_Violence_Against_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Selected_Areas_of_Dhaka_City"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="59858984" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration">Sufferings in silence: Violence against female workers in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31535186" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChuCordia">Cordia Chu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Women's Health</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction: Despite the improved safety of the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh since 2013, other workplace health and safety issues in the ready-made garment industry continue, especially violence towards female workers. This article examines this violence as well as the social norms and attitudes of key stakeholders underpinning it. Methods: Data were collected in four ready-made garment factories in Bangladesh through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions with female workers and key-informant interviews with different stakeholders, along with factory observations. Results: Findings were analysed thematically. Female workers described personal experience of violence in the workplace: physical and verbal abuse, constant pressure, other personal restrictions and withholding of pay. They did not make complaints for fear of losing their jobs. Supervisors characterized the women as ‘disobedient,’ ‘uncooperative’ and ‘unwilling’ to work and viewed their behaviour as ac...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sufferings in silence: Violence against female workers in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration","attachmentId":73564769,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="33769098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh">Violence against Women Workers in the Ready-made Garments Industry in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3200261" href="https://southasianuniversity.academia.edu/MDAlAmin">MD Al-Amin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Garments sector has indeed added great impetus to the poor economy of Bangladesh. Although majority of the employees are women they are most often prone to various types of violations especially the sexual one. The study is descriptive in nature. Both primary and secondary data are used in the study. This article contains some analysis of the real situation in light of which several recommendations were made to ensure the protection of the women workers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violence against Women Workers in the Ready-made Garments Industry in Bangladesh","attachmentId":53757960,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39540904" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39540904/Iceberg_of_workplace_violence_in_health_sector_of_Bangladesh">Iceberg of workplace violence in health sector of Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40471787" href="https://nsubd.academia.edu/TaufiqueJoarder">Taufique Joarder</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objectives: 'Negligence of Physicians' and 'Wrong Treatment' have become commonly-used phrases in print and electronic media of Bangladesh, while violence against healthcare workers has always been under-reported. Unfortunately , there is little evidence regarding physical violence against healthcare workers, while there is no data on the magnitude of psychological violence. The objective of this study was to quantify and explore the magnitude of workplace violence in health sector of Bangladesh to guide future research and adopt preventive policies. Results: The Majority (96%, n = 54) of the violence cases were physical in nature and 91% violence (n = 51) took place in public healthcare settings. More than one-third (39%) of the violence cases occurred at primary healthcare level and one-third (39%) at tertiary healthcare level. It was mostly (61%) the entry-level physicians who were affected by violence. The report reveals the tip of the iceberg of workplace violence in health sector of Bangladesh. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the prevalence, magnitude, and associated factors for workplace violence against healthcare workers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Iceberg of workplace violence in health sector of Bangladesh","attachmentId":59691944,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39540904/Iceberg_of_workplace_violence_in_health_sector_of_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39540904/Iceberg_of_workplace_violence_in_health_sector_of_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="50918519" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh">Everyday violence of female garments workers in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228128" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/MahmudulSumon">Mahmudul H Sumon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Jahangirnagar Review: Part II Social Sciences , 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper attempts to understand the question of workers' rights beyond the legal discourse of rights and voices through an exploration of the practices and experiences of the female garments workers. The practices and experiences of the female garments workers in the factory settings are complex and multilayered. We have shown the discordance of the legal discourses of labor rights and workers' experiences through presenting some micro narratives of the workers' daily life struggle to deal with in (formal) management system of the factory. A commonplace analysis places these discords as exemplars of lack of awareness on the part of the workers and also argues for better enforceability of laws. We argue that in neoliberal settings such as the one where the garment sector of Bangladesh is located, such a straightforward call is simplistic. The discourses presented herein show the practices of workers from their everyday experiences. It proposes a deeper meaning of rights beyond the question of enforceability, and awareness. It brings into fore other discourses and narratives which are often ignored in contemporary labour rights discourses.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Everyday violence of female garments workers in Bangladesh","attachmentId":68818065,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="110595254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study">Female garment workers’ experiences of violence in their homes and workplaces in Bangladesh: A qualitative study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44743830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamanthaWillan">Samantha Willan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Science & Medicine, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Female garment workers’ experiences of violence in their homes and workplaces in Bangladesh: A qualitative study","attachmentId":108364261,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="77160522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77160522/The_HERrespect_intervention_to_address_violence_against_female_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh_study_protocol_for_a_quasi_experimental_trial">The HERrespect intervention to address violence against female garment workers in Bangladesh: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44743830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamanthaWillan">Samantha Willan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC public health, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Women in Bangladesh experience high rates of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). IPV is more prevalent against income earning women compared to their non-earning counterparts, and Workplace Violence (WPV) is also common. Such violence is a violation of women&#39;s rights, and also constrains them from contributing to their personal growth, household, community and the economy at large. There is limited evidence on what works to prevent IPV and WPV amongst garment workers. This paper describes an evaluation of HERrespect, an intervention which aims to reduce IPV and WPV against female garment workers in and around Dhaka, Bangladesh. The trial employs a quasi-experimental design, with four intervention and four control factories. In the intervention factories a randomly selected cohort of married female line workers, a cohort of male line workers, and all middle management staff received the intervention. The intervention strategies involved (1) gender transformative group-based training...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The HERrespect intervention to address violence against female garment workers in Bangladesh: study protocol for a quasi-experimental trial","attachmentId":84613033,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77160522/The_HERrespect_intervention_to_address_violence_against_female_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh_study_protocol_for_a_quasi_experimental_trial","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77160522/The_HERrespect_intervention_to_address_violence_against_female_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh_study_protocol_for_a_quasi_experimental_trial"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="61097019" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61097019/Magnitude_and_correlates_of_intimate_partner_violence_against_female_garment_workers_from_selected_factories_in_Bangladesh">Magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence against female garment workers from selected factories in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44743830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamanthaWillan">Samantha Willan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS ONE</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a huge public health, development and human rights issue worldwide. Despite the fact that working women in patriarchal contexts commonly report higher level of IPV, literature on this subject is still scanty. This paper assessed the magnitude of different types of IPV against female garment workers and identified its correlates using cross-sectional survey data collected during September-December, 2016 from 800 female garment workers randomly selected from lists provided by eight garment factories in and around Dhaka, Bangladesh. The results reveal high levels of IPV experienced by the workers (physical = 34%; sexual = 43%; economic = 35%, last 12 months). Logistic regression results were nuanced. While the worker's ability to mobilize resources in crises reduced IPV, her savings beyond a threshold increased its likelihood. Moreover, her ownership of jewellery/ large household assets increased the likelihood of IPV. Having moderately or highly controlling husband, substance abuse by husband and his involvement in extramarital sex predicted IPV. Although the worker's education up to 6 years or more was protective, education more than the husband increased the likelihood of IPV. Young age, having two or more children, experience of non-partner sexual violence and high acceptance of IPV increased the likelihood of IPV. Middle income group protected against IPV, while household food insecurity increased its likelihood. Work at a factory in the Export Processing Zone protected against IPV. The findings indicate that financial empowerment alone is not sufficient to protect the workers from IPV; interventions that combine gender empowerment training for workers in the context of better factory working conditions may be useful in reducing IPV; working with men is essential in this endeavour.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence against female garment workers from selected factories in Bangladesh","attachmentId":74258481,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61097019/Magnitude_and_correlates_of_intimate_partner_violence_against_female_garment_workers_from_selected_factories_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61097019/Magnitude_and_correlates_of_intimate_partner_violence_against_female_garment_workers_from_selected_factories_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="64086601" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence">Women in the Garment Industry of Bangladesh; a Paradox of Women Empowerment and Transformation of Structural Violence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7121541" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdAhsunHabib">Md.Ahsun Habib</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women in the Garment Industry of Bangladesh; a Paradox of Women Empowerment and Transformation of Structural Violence","attachmentId":76284341,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="106054591" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106054591/Female_Garment_Workers_in_Bangladesh_Violence_Gender_and_HIV_AIDS">Female Garment Workers’ in Bangladesh: Violence, Gender and HIV/AIDS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67375935" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShakeelMahmood2">Shakeel Mahmood</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This research contributes to the social science-oriented disciplinary and interdisciplinary epistemology and corresponding policy practices of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention in female garment workers' (FGWs), who work in the garment factories of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. According to National Violence against Women Survey report (2015) Bangladeshi women recognised the workplace as the second furthermost place to experience violence then household. Empowering FGWs through formal health education on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV is essential and includes the prevention of workplace violence (WPV) and requires further training of their intimate partners' regarding violence (IPV). Structural reforms within legislation are essential for preventing violence in factories. Bangladesh Garment Factory Owners Association (BGMEA) should run explicit programmes on sexual harassment, including WPV and IPV training.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Female Garment Workers’ in Bangladesh: Violence, Gender and HIV/AIDS","attachmentId":105353327,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106054591/Female_Garment_Workers_in_Bangladesh_Violence_Gender_and_HIV_AIDS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106054591/Female_Garment_Workers_in_Bangladesh_Violence_Gender_and_HIV_AIDS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108364177,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108364177,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_108364177" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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