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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geology and palaeontology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_palaeontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_Hebrew_Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Hebrew_Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In the Hebrew Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Hebrew_Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winemaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winemaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Winemaking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winemaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Judaean Mountains</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84" title="تلال الخليل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلال الخليل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="যিহূদীয় পর্বতমালা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যিহূদীয় পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Іўдзейскія горы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іўдзейскія горы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Юдейски планини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юдейски планини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntanyes_de_Judea" title="Muntanyes de Judea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muntanyes de Judea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Yehuda" title="Har Yehuda – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Har Yehuda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judsk%C3%A9_hory" title="Judské hory – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Judské hory" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C3%A4isches_Bergland" title="Judäisches Bergland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Judäisches Bergland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juuda_m%C3%A4gismaa" title="Juuda mägismaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juuda mägismaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Όρη της Ιουδαίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όρη της Ιουδαίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_de_Judea" title="Montes de Judea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montes de Judea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judea_montaro" title="Judea montaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Judea montaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeako_mendiak" title="Judeako mendiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Judeako mendiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جبال الخلیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جبال الخلیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monts_de_Jud%C3%A9e" title="Monts de Judée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monts de Judée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_de_Xudea" title="Montes de Xudea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montes de Xudea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հուդայի լեռներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուդայի լեռներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Yudea" title="Pegunungan Yudea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Yudea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monti_della_Giudea" title="Monti della Giudea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monti della Giudea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94" title="הרי יהודה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי יהודה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ABps_de_la_Giudea" title="Crëps de la Giudea – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Crëps de la Giudea" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jud%C4%97jos_kalnai" title="Judėjos kalnai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Judėjos kalnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAdeai-hegys%C3%A9g" title="Júdeai-hegység – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Júdeai-hegység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Јудејски Планини – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јудејски Планини" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="جبال يهودا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جبال يهودا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeagebergte" title="Judeagebergte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Judeagebergte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeafjellene" title="Judeafjellene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Judeafjellene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeafjella" title="Judeafjella – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Judeafjella" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monts_de_Jud%C3%A8a" title="Monts de Judèa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Monts de Judèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wy%C5%BCyna_Judzka" title="Wyżyna Judzka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyżyna Judzka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanhas_da_Judeia" title="Montanhas da Judeia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montanhas da Judeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Iudeei" title="Munții Iudeei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Munții Iudeei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Иудейские горы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иудейские горы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%94" title="ජුදයානු කඳු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජුදයානු කඳු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Judaean Mountains" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeen_(bergskedja_i_Israel)" title="Judeen (bergskedja i Israel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Judeen (bergskedja i Israel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="யூதேய மலைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூதேய மலைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Юдейські гори – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Юдейські гори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سلسلہ کوہ الخلیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلسلہ کوہ الخلیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Judaean_Mountains&params=31_40_N_35_10_E_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.667°N 35.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.667; 35.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain range in Israel and Palestine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Judaean Mountains</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname"><i>Harei Yehuda</i> / <i>Jibal Al Khalil</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg/272px-NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg/408px-NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg/544px-NahalRefaimJaffaJerusalemOldRailroadJan272023_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">View of the Judaean Mountains near Jerusalem</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nabi_Yunis,_Palestine" title="Mount Nabi Yunis, Palestine">Mount Halhul</a> (Mount Nabi Yunis)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,026 m (3,366 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-google1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Judaean_Mountains&params=31_40_N_35_10_E_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.667°N 35.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.667; 35.167</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Judaean Mountains is located in Israel"><img alt="Judaean Mountains is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/272px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="505" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/408px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/544px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.643%;left:56.423%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Judaean Mountains"><img alt="Judaean Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range"><span class="nowrap">Parent range</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley" title="Great Rift Valley">Great Rift Valley</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_types" title="List of rock types">Rock type(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" title="Terra rossa (soil)">Terra rossa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Climbing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Normal_route" title="Normal route"><span class="nowrap">Easiest route</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Road_of_the_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Road of the Patriarchs">Road of the Patriarchs</a> (the ridge route)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Judaean Mountains</b>, or <b>Judaean Hills</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הרי יהודה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Harei Yehuda</i></span>) or the <b>Hebron Mountains</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تلال الخليل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Tilal al-Khalīl</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'<a href="/wiki/Al-Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khalil">Al-Khalil</a> Mountains'), are a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> where <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and several other biblical cities are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,026 metres (3,366 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-google1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Judean Mountains can be divided into a number of sub-regions, including the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hebron" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Hebron">Mount Hebron</a> ridge, the Jerusalem ridge and the Judean slopes. </p><p>The Judaean Mountains formed the heartland of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> (930–586 BCE), where the earliest Jewish settlements emerged, and from which Jews are originally descended.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Judaean Mountains are part of a more extended range that runs in a north-south direction. The ridge consists of the <a href="/wiki/Samarian_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarian Hills">Samarian Hills</a> in its northern part, and of the Judaean Mountains in its southern part, the two segments meeting at the latitude of <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>. The westward descent from the hard limestone country of the Judaean mountains towards the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain" title="Israeli coastal plain">coastal plain</a> is by way of a longitudinal trough of fosse cut through chalk, followed by the low, rolling soft limestone hills of the <a href="/wiki/Shephelah" title="Shephelah">Shephelah</a>, while eastwards the landscape falls steeply towards the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Rift_Valley" title="Jordan Rift Valley">Jordan Rift Valley</a>. The southern end of the mountain range is at <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, where the mountains slope down into the Beersheba-<a href="/wiki/Arad_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arad (Israel)">Arad</a> valley.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The average height of the Judaean Mountains is of 900 metres (2,953 ft), and they encompass the cities of Ramallah, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The northern section of the Judaean mountains is referred to as Jerusalem Hills, and the southern one as <a href="/wiki/Hebron_Hills" title="Hebron Hills">Hebron Hills</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Judaean Mountains were heavily forested in antiquity. The range is mostly composed of <a href="/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" title="Terra rossa (soil)">terra rossa soils</a> over hard <a href="/wiki/Limestones" class="mw-redirect" title="Limestones">limestones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-google1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_palaeontology">Geology and palaeontology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology and palaeontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Judaean Mountains are the surface expression of a series of <a href="/wiki/Monocline" title="Monocline">monoclinic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folds</a> which trend north-northwest through Israel. The folding is the central expression of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arc" title="Syrian Arc">Syrian Arc</a> belt of <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticlinal</a> folding that began in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> Period in northeast Africa and southwest Asia. The Syrian Arc extends east-northeast across the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a>, turns north-northeast through Israel and continues the east-northeast trend into Syria. The Israeli segment parallels the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform" title="Dead Sea Transform">Dead Sea Transform</a> which lies just to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_uplift" title="Tectonic uplift">uplift</a> events that created the mountain occurred in two phases one in the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Late Eocene</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Early Oligocene</a> and second in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Early Miocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> times, animals no longer found elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> region were found here, including <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceroses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_Asian_water_buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Asian water buffalo">wild Asian water buffalo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The range has <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">karst topography</a> including a <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactite</a> <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brook_of_Sorek" class="mw-redirect" title="Brook of Sorek">Nahal Sorek National Park</a> between <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a> and the area surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ofra" title="Ofra">Ofra</a>, where fossils of prehistoric flora and fauna were found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Hebrew_Bible">In the Hebrew Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the Judaean Mountains were the allotment of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a> and the heartland of the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main freeway between <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, which further extends to the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a> as a regular road. <a href="/wiki/Highway_1_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 1 (Israel)">Highway 1</a>, passes through the Judaean Mountains, between <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Israel_Railways" title="Israel Railways">Israel Railways</a> line, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa-Jerusalem_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffa-Jerusalem railway">Jaffa-Jerusalem railway</a>, runs from Beit Shemesh along the <a href="/wiki/Brook_of_Sorek" class="mw-redirect" title="Brook of Sorek">Brook of Sorek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Rephaim" title="Valley of Rephaim">Valley of Rephaim</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Malha_Train_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Malha Train Station">Jerusalem Malha Train Station</a>. The line has since been largely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Jerusalem_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv-Jerusalem railway">Tel Aviv-Jerusalem railway</a>, which utilizes tunnels and bridges through the Judaean Mountains, runs up to 160 km/h (99 mph) between <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Ben Gurion Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem-Yitzhak_Navon_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem-Yitzhak Navon railway station">Jerusalem-Yitzhak Navon railway station</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winemaking">Winemaking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Winemaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Judaean Mountains have been associated with <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> for thousands of years, as evidenced by the abundance of ancient <a href="/wiki/Winepress" title="Winepress">winepresses</a>, references to <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> in ancient texts like the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, and archaeological findings such as the <a href="/wiki/Arad_ostraca" title="Arad ostraca">Arad ostraca</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judahite</a> soldiers in the late 7th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a> in the 7th century, and particularly during the later <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a> rule in the Middle Ages, a significant decline in winemaking activities occurred, ultimately leading to a <a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">complete prohibition of winemaking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, the Judaean Mountains witnessed a notable resurgence in winemaking, driven by <a href="/wiki/Israeli_wine" title="Israeli wine">Israeli entrepreneurs</a>. Today, the area is renowned for its <a href="/wiki/Boutique" title="Boutique">boutique</a> <a href="/wiki/Winery" title="Winery">wineries</a>. This region's combination of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climates_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean climates (wine)">Mediterranean microclimates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" title="Terra rossa (soil)">terra rossa clay soil</a>, and high-altitude vineyards has also propelled it into the spotlight as a burgeoning center for quality wine production. In recent decades, wines originating from this area have garnered international recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>in August 2020, the Judean Hills region in Israel received the country's first official wine appellation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Judaean Mountains between Jerusalem and Ma'ale Adumim"><img alt="The Judaean Mountains between Jerusalem and Ma'ale Adumim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg/120px-Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg/180px-Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg/240px-Maale_Adumim_07_03-04-17_13-29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Judaean Mountains between <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Adumim" title="Ma'ale Adumim">Ma'ale Adumim</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Judean Hills viewed from the Dead Sea"><img alt="The Judean Hills viewed from the Dead Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG/120px-Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG/180px-Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG/240px-Judean.mont.deadsea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Judean Hills viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_of_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from hilltop overlooking Wadi es-Ṣur, an extension of the Elah Valley in Israel"><img alt="View from hilltop overlooking Wadi es-Ṣur, an extension of the Elah Valley in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Land_of_Israel.jpg/90px-Land_of_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Land_of_Israel.jpg/135px-Land_of_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Land_of_Israel.jpg/180px-Land_of_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from hilltop overlooking <i>Wadi es-Ṣur</i>, an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Elah_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Elah Valley">Elah Valley</a> in Israel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Beit Meir in the Judaean Mountains"><img alt="View from Beit Meir in the Judaean Mountains" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg/120px-Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg/180px-Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg/240px-Panorama_from_beth_meir_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from <a href="/wiki/Beit_Meir" title="Beit Meir">Beit Meir</a> in the Judaean Mountains</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Judaean_mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Idyllic scene in the Judean Mountains, overlooking the village of Khirbet ed-Deir which sits along the Green Line"><img alt="Idyllic scene in the Judean Mountains, overlooking the village of Khirbet ed-Deir which sits along the Green Line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Judaean_mountains.jpg/120px-Judaean_mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Judaean_mountains.jpg/180px-Judaean_mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Judaean_mountains.jpg/240px-Judaean_mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Idyllic scene in the Judean Mountains, overlooking the village of <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_ed-Deir" class="mw-redirect" title="Khirbet ed-Deir">Khirbet ed-Deir</a> which sits along the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The ruined structure of an ancient house, near Neve Michael"><img alt="The ruined structure of an ancient house, near Neve Michael" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg/90px-Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg/135px-Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg/180px-Ancient_ruin_near_Neve_Michael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The ruined structure of an ancient house, near <a href="/wiki/Neve_Michael" title="Neve Michael">Neve Michael</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SatafNov062022_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Remains of Sataf village"><img alt="Remains of Sataf village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SatafNov062022_04.jpg/120px-SatafNov062022_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SatafNov062022_04.jpg/180px-SatafNov062022_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SatafNov062022_04.jpg/240px-SatafNov062022_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3998" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Remains of <a href="/wiki/Sataf" title="Sataf">Sataf</a> village</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaean_Desert" title="Judaean Desert">Judaean Desert</a>, the arid area in the eastern Judaean Mountains and western Jordan Rift Valley</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Temptation" title="Mount of Temptation">Mount of Temptation</a> (Jebel Quruntul)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-google1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPeter_N._Peregrine,_Melvin_Ember2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_N._Peregrine" title="Peter N. Peregrine">Peter N. Peregrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Ember" title="Melvin Ember">Melvin Ember</a>, ed. (2003-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C-TQpUtI-dgC&pg=PA295"><i>Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia</i></a>. Vol. 8. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306462627" title="Special:BookSources/9780306462627"><bdi>9780306462627</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Prehistory%3A+South+and+Southwest+Asia&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003-03-31&rft.isbn=9780306462627&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC-TQpUtI-dgC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapcarta.com/Judaean_Mountains">Judaean_Mountains - Mapcarta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner2010" class="citation book cs1">Brenner, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/463855870"><i>A short history of the Jews</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14351-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-14351-4"><bdi>978-0-691-14351-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/463855870">463855870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+short+history+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F463855870&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14351-4&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F463855870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/798209542"><i>Legacy: a Genetic History of the Jewish People</i></a>. 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Oxford University Press USA. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-280-87519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-280-87519-9"><bdi>978-1-280-87519-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/798209542">798209542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legacy%3A+a+Genetic+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F798209542&rft.isbn=978-1-280-87519-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F798209542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1840" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Hannah (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/894671497"><i>The history of the Jews : from the destruction of Jerusalem to the present time</i></a>. Sold at the London Society House and by Duncan and Malcom, and Wertheim. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/894671497">894671497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+Jews+%3A+from+the+destruction+of+Jerusalem+to+the+present+time&rft.pub=Sold+at+the+London+Society+House+and+by+Duncan+and+Malcom%2C+and+Wertheim&rft.date=1840&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F894671497&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F894671497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brit_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine#ref479086">Palestine: Land</a>, Encyclopaedia Britannica</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2016" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Lawson G. (2016). Philip W. Comfort (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jr07CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA381"><i>Judges (Judges 13:1-25)</i></a>. Vol. 3. Tyndale House. pp. 381–382. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781414398792" title="Special:BookSources/9781414398792"><bdi>9781414398792</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judges+%28Judges+13%3A1-25%29&rft.pages=381-382&rft.pub=Tyndale+House&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781414398792&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Lawson+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJr07CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapcarta.com/Jerusalem_Hills">Jerusalem Hills - Mapcarta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArieh_Singer2007" class="citation book cs1">Arieh Singer (2007). <i>The Soils of Israel</i>. 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Finkelstein, Israel (2017-06-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5470672">"Multispectral imaging reveals biblical-period inscription unnoticed for half a century"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>12</b> (6): e0178400. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1278400F">2017PLoSO..1278400F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0178400">10.1371/journal.pone.0178400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5470672">5470672</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28614416">28614416</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Multispectral+imaging+reveals+biblical-period+inscription+unnoticed+for+half+a+century&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=e0178400&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5470672%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1278400F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28614416&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0178400&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Faigenbaum-Golovin&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft.au=Mendel-Geberovich%2C+Anat&rft.au=Shaus%2C+Arie&rft.au=Sober%2C+Barak&rft.au=Cordonsky%2C+Michael&rft.au=Levin%2C+David&rft.au=Moinester%2C+Murray&rft.au=Sass%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Turkel%2C+Eli&rft.au=Piasetzky%2C+Eli&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5470672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivanRahimiLaviSalmon-Divon2021" class="citation journal cs1">Sivan, Aviad; Rahimi, Oshrit; Lavi, Bar; Salmon-Divon, Mali; Weiss, Ehud; Drori, Elyashiv; Hübner, Sariel (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fppp3.10197">"Genomic evidence supports an independent history of Levantine and Eurasian grapevines"</a>. <i>Plants, People, Planet</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 414–427. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fppp3.10197">10.1002/ppp3.10197</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2572-2611">2572-2611</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plants%2C+People%2C+Planet&rft.atitle=Genomic+evidence+supports+an+independent+history+of+Levantine+and+Eurasian+grapevines&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=414-427&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fppp3.10197&rft.issn=2572-2611&rft.aulast=Sivan&rft.aufirst=Aviad&rft.au=Rahimi%2C+Oshrit&rft.au=Lavi%2C+Bar&rft.au=Salmon-Divon%2C+Mali&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Ehud&rft.au=Drori%2C+Elyashiv&rft.au=H%C3%BCbner%2C+Sariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fppp3.10197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/wine-alcohol-and-other-liquors/article/2023/05/14/israel-has-become-a-new-promised-land-for-winegrowers_6026617_111.html">"Israel has become a new promised land for winegrowers"</a>. 2023-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel+has+become+a+new+promised+land+for+winegrowers&rft.date=2023-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Fwine-alcohol-and-other-liquors%2Farticle%2F2023%2F05%2F14%2Fisrael-has-become-a-new-promised-land-for-winegrowers_6026617_111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudaean+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judaean_Mountains&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Judaean_Mountains#Q2328820" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Judaean_Mountains" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asergeev.com/pictures/archives/compress/2000/142/36.htm">Pictures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127064150/http://www.jerusalempedia.com/Judean_Mountains.html">Judaean Mountains and Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/pss/4283758">Symbolism and Landscape: The Etzion Bloc in the Judaean Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Katz_(geographer)" title="Yossi Katz (geographer)">Yossi Katz</a> and John C. Lehr</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks and nature reserves of Israel">National parks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adullam-France_Park" title="Adullam-France Park">Adullam-France Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_National_Park" title="Castel National Park">Castel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judaean Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achzib" class="mw-redirect" title="Achzib">Achziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%27am_National_Park" title="Bar'am National Park">Bar'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beit Alfa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'arim National Park">Beit She'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_HaShlosha_National_Park" title="Gan HaShlosha National Park">Gan HaShlosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Gader" title="Hamat Gader">Hamat Gader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ayan_Harod_National_Park" title="Ma'ayan Harod National Park">Ma'ayan Harod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshat_Tal" title="Hurshat Tal">Hurshat Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Minya" title="Khirbat al-Minya">Hurvat Minia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arbel" title="Mount Arbel">Mount Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurvat_Amudim" title="Hurvat Amudim">Sde Amudim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Tel Kedesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzalmon_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzalmon Stream (page does not exist)">Tzalmon Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Tzippori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehi%27am_Fortress_National_Park" title="Yehi'am Fortress National Park">Yehi'am Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarea_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesarea National Park (page does not exist)">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaSharon_Park" title="HaSharon Park">HaSharon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_National_Park" title="Mount Carmel National Park">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander stream">Alexander stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaSharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hof HaSharon">Hof HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazor_Mausoleum" title="Mazor Mausoleum">Mazor Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmachim_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmachim beach (page does not exist)">Palmachim beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin Stream (page does not exist)">Rubin Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipatris" title="Antipatris">Tel Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Tel Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzur_Natan" title="Tzur Natan">Tzur Natan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque" title="Sidna Ali Mosque">Sidna Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkon_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkon National Park">Yarkon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkelon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park" title="Ashkelon National Park">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Guvrin National Park">Beit Guvrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semekh_caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semekh caves (page does not exist)">Semekh caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Tel Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tel Tzafit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beersheba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaBesor_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="HaBesor Stream">Besor Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Avdat" title="Ein Avdat">Ein Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkol_National_Park" title="Eshkol National Park">Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamshit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamshit">Mamshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Negev_Brigade" title="Monument to the Negev Brigade">Negev Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzana_(Nabataean_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitzana (Nabataean city)">Nitzana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivta" title="Shivta">Shivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Template:National parks in the Israeli-occupied territories"> National parks declared by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories and Golan Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template:Nature reserves of Israel">Nature reserves of Israel</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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