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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ein Avdat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عين عبدات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عين عبدات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98En_%E2%80%98Avedat" title="‘En ‘Avedat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="‘En ‘Avedat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejn_Avdat" title="Ejn Avdat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ejn Avdat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/En-Awdat-Nationalpark" title="En-Awdat-Nationalpark – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="En-Awdat-Nationalpark" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Avdat" title="Ein Avdat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ein Avdat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%AA" title="עין עבדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עין עבדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عين عبدات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عين عبدات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Avdat" title="Ein Avdat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ein Avdat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Эйн-Авдат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эйн-Авдат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98En_%E2%80%98Avedat" title="‘En ‘Avedat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="‘En ‘Avedat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ейн-Авдат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ейн-Авдат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="阿夫達特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿夫達特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1339871#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ein_Avdat&params=30_49_35_N_34_46_0_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°49′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°46′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.82639°N 34.76667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.82639; 34.76667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style 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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Ein Avdat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">עין עבדת</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Um,_Wow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Um%2C_Wow.jpg/272px-Um%2C_Wow.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Um%2C_Wow.jpg/408px-Um%2C_Wow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Um%2C_Wow.jpg/544px-Um%2C_Wow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ein Avdat is located in Israel"><img alt="Ein Avdat is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/272px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="505" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/408px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/544px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.657%;left:41.026%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ein Avdat"><img alt="Ein Avdat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Ein Avdat</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Zin" title="Nahal Zin">Nahal Zin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">5 kilometres (3.1 mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Canyon</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ein_Avdat&params=30_49_35_N_34_46_0_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°49′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°46′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.82639°N 34.76667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.82639; 34.76667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ein Avdat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עין עבדת</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَيْن عَبْدَة</span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʻayn ʻabda</i></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Arabic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[/ʕajn<span class="wrap"> </span>ʕab.da/]</a></span>) or <b>Ein Ovdat</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">canyon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev Desert">Negev Desert</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Sde_Boker" title="Sde Boker">Sde Boker</a>. Archaeological evidence shows that Ein Avdat was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Nabateans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabateans">Nabateans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrosphere)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring (hydrosphere)">springs</a> at the southern opening of the canyon empty into deep pools in a series of <a href="/wiki/Waterfalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls">waterfalls</a>. The water emerges from the rock layers with salt-tolerant plants like <i><a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">Poplar trees</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Atriplex" title="Atriplex">Atriplexes</a></i> growing nearby. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ein</i> is <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> for spring or water source.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Avdat</i> derives from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">city of Avdat</a> that stood south of the canyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Glossary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glossary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avdat, formerly Eboda, was named after the <a href="/wiki/Nabataean" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean">Nabataean</a> King <a href="/wiki/Obodas_I" title="Obodas I">Obodas I</a> who, according to tradition, was buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsafrir_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsafrir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_era">Prehistoric era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistoric era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Habitation during the <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric era</a> is attested to by numerous <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a> artifacts found in the area believed to be 80,000–90,000 years old and part of <a href="/wiki/Mousterian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mousterian culture">Mousterian culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flint in the <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">outcrops</a> nearby was utilized for arrows and points. <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">Ostrich</a> egg shells and <a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">onager</a> bones shed light on the fauna of the time; some of these remains are approximately 200,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man-made knives and other hand held implements date from the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remains of a small settlement consisting of several round structures dates from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> Avdat became a station along the Nabatean <a href="/wiki/Incense_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Incense Route">Incense Route</a>, an ancient trading route from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>. Agriculture developed during the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman era">Roman era</a>. Forts along the Incense Route developed into thriving cities with many public buildings and farms.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine period</a>, Ein Avdat was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> who lived in caves. They carved out closets, shelves, benches, stairs, and water systems, and decorated the walls of the caves with crosses and prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bibleplaces_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibleplaces-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognizes Avdat as a Heritage Site in part because of the uniqueness of the magnificent Byzantine Church. Maybe dating from the third century (sources are not clear), it is both one of the earliest and one of the best-preserved churches constructed before the recognition of Christianity by the Emperor Constantine. After the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Syria">Muslim conquest of Palestine</a>, the region was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the establishment of Kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Sde_Boker" title="Sde Boker">Sde Boker</a> in 1952 and the construction of <a href="/wiki/Highway_40_(Israel)" title="Highway 40 (Israel)">Highway 40</a> to <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>, a hiking trail was created.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein Avdat has been designated a <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks and nature reserves of Israel">National Park of Israel</a> and is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Nature_and_Parks_Authority" title="Israel Nature and Parks Authority">Israel Nature and Parks Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Map_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Map-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern park is 480 ha in area.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 120 to 500 tourists visited the park each day in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Ein Avdat </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">25</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.36em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">18</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">17</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.4em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.158em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.022em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.2em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.6em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.8em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.002em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">27</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.152em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.6</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">75</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ims.gov.il/IMSEng/CLIMATE">The Israel Meteorological Service</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.36em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">41</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.334em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.4em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">45</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.158em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.2em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">52</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.022em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.2em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">88</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.6em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">64</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.8em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.002em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:2.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">88</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.8em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">81</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.152em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.8em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">43</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The canyon of Ein Avdat is part of <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Zin" title="Nahal Zin">Nahal Zin</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wadi</a> or dry riverbed in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>. The 120 kilometer-long riverbed begins at the northwestern tip of <a href="/wiki/Makhtesh_Ramon" title="Makhtesh Ramon">Makhtesh Ramon</a> and heads north before veering sharply eastwards. Ein Avdat was created by erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bibleplaces_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibleplaces-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springs">Springs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Springs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The southernmost spring is <i>Ein Ma'arif</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caretakers_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caretakers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring a series of waterfalls and pools.<sup id="cite_ref-Ovdat_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovdat-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Byzantine fortress overlooks the spring and adjacent agricultural land.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibleplaces_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibleplaces-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ovdat_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ovdat-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further north is Ein Avdat, a 15-meter high waterfall that flows into an 8-meter deep pool of water divided by a small artificial dam.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located near the northern entrance of the park is a spring called <i>Ein Mor</i>, named for the spice myrrh.<sup id="cite_ref-Caretakers_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caretakers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Discovering_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovering-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to statistics compiled by a weather station at Sde Boker, the summers are hot with almost no precipitation while the winters are cold with some rain. The lowest recorded temperature for January was −3.6 °C (25.5 °F). In the summer temperatures can reach over 40 °C (104 °F). The <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a> is relatively high.<sup id="cite_ref-Weather_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Growing around the springs are <a href="/wiki/Populus_euphratica" title="Populus euphratica">Euphrates poplar trees</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Atriplex" title="Atriplex">Atriplexes</a></i>, commonly known as <i>saltbush</i>, which grow on riverbanks and can tolerate <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a>. Other riverside plants are <a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">tamarisks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caragana_halodendron" title="Caragana halodendron">salt trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phragmites_australis" title="Phragmites australis">common reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typha_angustifolia" title="Typha angustifolia">lesser bulrush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juncus_maritimus" title="Juncus maritimus">sea rush</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adiantum_capillus-veneris" title="Adiantum capillus-veneris">Maidenhair ferns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a> are found on moist canyon walls, and <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> grows in the water. Shrubs such as <a href="/wiki/Zygophyllum_dumosum" title="Zygophyllum dumosum">bushy bean caper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salsola" title="Salsola">saltwort</a> grow in dryer areas. A single, large <a href="/wiki/Pistacia_atlantica" title="Pistacia atlantica">Mt Atlas mastic (pistachio) tree</a> grows near the park entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-Mosaic_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple species of <a href="/wiki/Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Chara_(alga)" title="Chara (alga)">Chara</a></i>) grow in the water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En Avdat is home to mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Nubian ibex</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fat_sand_rat" title="Fat sand rat">fat sand rats</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabian_wolf" title="Arabian wolf">Arabian wolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyenas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and bats such as <a href="/wiki/Kuhl%27s_pipistrelle" title="Kuhl's pipistrelle">Kuhl's pipistrelle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canyon is an important protected area for <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_griffon_vulture" title="Eurasian griffon vulture">griffon vultures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_vulture" title="Egyptian vulture">Egyptian vultures</a>, which nest on the cliffs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other common birds include <a href="/wiki/Sand_partridge" title="Sand partridge">sand partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabian_babbler" title="Arabian babbler">Arabian babblers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_martin" title="Rock martin">rock martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristram%27s_starling" title="Tristram's starling">Tristram's starling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_dove" title="Rock dove">rock doves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bonelli%27s_eagle" title="Bonelli's eagle">Bonelli's eagles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the water live <a href="/wiki/European_green_toad" title="European green toad">European green toads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potamon_potamios" title="Potamon potamios">Levantine freshwater crabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of insects such as <a href="/wiki/Culiseta" title="Culiseta">Culiseta</a> mosquitoes and <a href="/wiki/Orthetrum_ransonnetii" title="Orthetrum ransonnetii">desert skimmer dragonflies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Ein Avdat taken near Midreshet Ben-Gurion."><img alt="View of Ein Avdat taken near Midreshet Ben-Gurion." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg/120px-Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg/180px-Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg/240px-Israel-2013-Ein_Avdat_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="3792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of Ein Avdat taken near <a href="/wiki/Midreshet_Ben-Gurion" title="Midreshet Ben-Gurion">Midreshet Ben-Gurion</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ein_Ovdat,_the_pools.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ein Avdat pools."><img alt="Ein Avdat pools." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG/90px-Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG/135px-Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG/180px-Ein_Ovdat%2C_the_pools.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ein Avdat pools.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Flash flood in Ein Avdat."><img alt="Flash flood in Ein Avdat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG/90px-Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG/135px-Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG/180px-Ein_Avdat_Flood_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flash flood in Ein Avdat.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Geography of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Israel" title="Tourism in Israel">Tourism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife in Israel">Wildlife in Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Avdat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenner2005" 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(1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741015">"Rosh Ein Mor, an Open-Air Mousterian Site in the Central Negev, Israel"</a>. <i>Current Anthropology</i>. <b>13</b> (5): 591–593. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0011-3204">0011-3204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Rosh+Ein+Mor%2C+an+Open-Air+Mousterian+Site+in+the+Central+Negev%2C+Israel&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=591-593&rft.date=1972&rft.issn=0011-3204&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Anthony+E.&rft.au=Crew%2C+Harvey+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2741015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEin+Avdat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoder-GoldbergerBar-Matthews2019" class="citation journal cs1">Goder-Goldberger, Mae; Bar-Matthews, Mira (2019-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059703783&partnerID=8YFLogxK">"Novel chrono-cultural constraints for the Middle Paleolithic site of Rosh Ein Mor (D15), Israel"</a>. <i>Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports</i>. <b>24</b>: 102–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2018.12.021">10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.12.021</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2352-409X">2352-409X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science%3A+Reports&rft.atitle=Novel+chrono-cultural+constraints+for+the+Middle+Paleolithic+site+of+Rosh+Ein+Mor+%28D15%29%2C+Israel&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=102-114&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2018.12.021&rft.issn=2352-409X&rft.aulast=Goder-Goldberger&rft.aufirst=Mae&rft.au=Bar-Matthews%2C+Mira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scopus.com%2Finward%2Frecord.url%3Fscp%3D85059703783%26partnerID%3D8YFLogxK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEin+Avdat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosaic-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mosaic_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129115504/http://mosaic.lk.net/g-einavdat.html#geog">"Ein Avdat"</a>. <i>mosaic.lk.net</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/geo/einavdat.html">the original</a> on 2016-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adullam-France_Park" title="Adullam-France Park">Adullam-France Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_National_Park" title="Castel National Park">Castel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achzib" class="mw-redirect" title="Achzib">Achziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%27am_National_Park" title="Bar'am National Park">Bar'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beit Alfa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'arim National Park">Beit She'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_HaShlosha_National_Park" title="Gan HaShlosha National Park">Gan HaShlosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Gader" title="Hamat Gader">Hamat Gader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ayan_Harod_National_Park" title="Ma'ayan Harod National Park">Ma'ayan Harod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshat_Tal" title="Hurshat Tal">Hurshat Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Minya" title="Khirbat al-Minya">Hurvat Minia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arbel" title="Mount Arbel">Mount Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurvat_Amudim" title="Hurvat Amudim">Sde Amudim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Tel Kedesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzalmon_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzalmon Stream (page does not exist)">Tzalmon Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Tzippori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehi%27am_Fortress_National_Park" title="Yehi'am Fortress National Park">Yehi'am Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarea_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesarea National Park (page does not exist)">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaSharon_Park" title="HaSharon Park">HaSharon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_National_Park" title="Mount Carmel National Park">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander stream">Alexander stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaSharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hof HaSharon">Hof HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazor_Mausoleum" title="Mazor Mausoleum">Mazor Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmachim_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmachim beach (page does not exist)">Palmachim beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin Stream (page does not exist)">Rubin Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipatris" title="Antipatris">Tel Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Tel Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzur_Natan" title="Tzur Natan">Tzur Natan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque" title="Sidna Ali Mosque">Sidna Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkon_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkon National Park">Yarkon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkelon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park" title="Ashkelon National Park">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Guvrin National Park">Beit Guvrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semekh_caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semekh caves (page does not exist)">Semekh caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Tel Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tel Tzafit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beersheba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaBesor_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="HaBesor Stream">Besor Stream</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ein Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkol_National_Park" title="Eshkol National Park">Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamshit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamshit">Mamshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Negev_Brigade" title="Monument to the Negev Brigade">Negev Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzana_(Nabataean_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitzana (Nabataean city)">Nitzana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivta" title="Shivta">Shivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Template:National parks in the Israeli-occupied territories"> National parks declared by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories and Golan Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template:Nature reserves of Israel">Nature reserves of Israel</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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