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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="جان جیکوب استور سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان جیکوب استور سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor_III" title="John Jacob Astor III – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Jacob Astor III" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Jacob Astor III</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/220px-John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/330px-John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/440px-John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Astor by Jacob Hart Lazarus, 1890</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1822-06-10</span>)</span>June 10, 1822<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 22, 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-02-22)</span> (aged 67)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">New York City, New York, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_Cemetery" title="Trinity Church Cemetery">Trinity Church Cemetery</a>, New York City, New York</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_College,_Columbia_University" title="Columbia College, Columbia University">Columbia College</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Financier, philanthropist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Charlotte Augusta Gibbes</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1846; died 1887)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Waldorf_Astor" title="William Waldorf Astor">William Waldorf Astor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Sr." title="William Backhouse Astor Sr.">William Backhouse Astor Sr.</a><br />Margaret Alida Rebecca Armstrong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="/wiki/Astor_family" title="Astor family">Astor family</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military Service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Guard" title="New York Guard">New York Militia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1850-53<br />1861-62</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">12th New York State Militia<br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Volunteers" title="United States Volunteers">U.S. Volunteers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">ADC</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsula Campaign">Peninsula Campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">MOLLUS</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_(capitalist)_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png/150px-Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png/225px-Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png/300px-Appletons%27_Astor_John_Jacob_%28capitalist%29_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="108" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astor_(Baron_Astor_of_Hever)_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg/220px-Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg/330px-Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg/440px-Astor_%28Baron_Astor_of_Hever%29_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Astor family.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John Jacob Astor III</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (June 10, 1822 – February 22, 1890) was an American financier, philanthropist and a soldier during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. He was a prominent member of the <a href="/wiki/Astor_family" title="Astor family">Astor family</a>, becoming the wealthiest member in his generation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astor was the eldest son of real estate businessman <a href="/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Sr." title="William Backhouse Astor Sr.">William Backhouse Astor Sr.</a> and Margaret Alida Rebecca Armstrong. One of his younger brothers was businessman <a href="/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Jr." title="William Backhouse Astor Jr.">William Backhouse Astor Jr.</a> </p><p>His paternal grandparents were merchant-trader <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a>, who made his first fortune in the North American fur trade, and Sarah Cox Todd. Astor's maternal grandparents were Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">John Armstrong Jr.</a> and Alida Livingston of the <a href="/wiki/Livingston_family" title="Livingston family">Livingston family</a>. </p><p>John Astor III studied at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia College (New York)">Columbia College</a>, graduating in 1839, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="University of Göttingen">University of Göttingen</a>, following which he went to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, graduating in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He practiced law for a year, to qualify for assisting in the management of his family's immense estate, one half of which later descended to him.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In business, Astor dabbled in <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> investment, but was outsmarted by Commodore <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a> and forced to yield control of the original <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> line (from <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> to <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>) to him. His principal business interest was the vast Astor Estate real estate holdings in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which he managed profitably and parsimoniously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service">Military service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astor was elected <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a> of the 12th Regiment of the New York Militia. He resigned from the office in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Astor served as a volunteer <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a>, with the rank of colonel, to <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (then commanding general of the U.S. Army) from November 30, 1861, to July 11, 1862. In recognition of his services during the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular Campaign">Peninsular Campaign</a>, Astor was <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">brevetted</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> of Volunteers in March 1865. </p><p>In 1880 he became a companion of the New York Commandery of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States</a>—a military society of officers who had served in the Union armed forces. He was assigned insignia number 1909. </p><p>He regarded his Civil War service as the best of his life and attended the reunions of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_the_Loyal_Legion_of_the_United_States" title="Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States">Loyal Legion</a> with zeal.<sup id="cite_ref-americana_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americana-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astor donated objects and funds to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> (in 1887 he presented it with his wife's collection of valuable laces and left a bequest of $50,000). He and his brother presented <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Church, New York">Trinity Church</a> with a memorial to their father: a sculptured <a href="/wiki/Reredos" title="Reredos">reredos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> costing $80,000. He left a bequest of $450,000 to the <a href="/wiki/Astor_Library" title="Astor Library">Astor Library</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bringing the family benefactions to the institution to a total of about $1,500,000. He also gave generously to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Cancer_Hospital" title="New York Cancer Hospital">New York Cancer Hospital</a> ($100,000 bequest), the Woman's Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital ($100,000 bequest) and the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Aid_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Aid Society">Children's Aid Society</a>. </p><p>He took an active interest in the Astor Library beyond funding. He was treasurer of its board of trustees, and in 1879 deeded to it the three lots on which the northern wing of the present building was later constructed by him. He presented it with his collection of early books and rare manuscripts. </p><p>His deeply religious wife Charlotte supported the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Aid_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Aid Society">Children's Aid Society</a> and sat on the board of the Women's Hospital of New York, an institution that to her dismay refused to accept cancer patients. She persuaded her husband to donate the money ($225,000) to erect the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Cancer_Hospital" title="New York Cancer Hospital">New York Cancer Hospital</a>'s first wing, the "Astor Pavilion". For twenty years, she supported a German industrial school. From 1872 until her death, she was a manager of the Woman's Hospital, besides taking an active part in the Niobrara League to aid the Indians and in many other charities. She bequeathed $150,000 to charitable organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-appletons_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appletons-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes,_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/220px-Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/330px-Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg/440px-Charlotte_Augusta_Gibbes%2C_Mrs._John_Jacob_Astor_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1522" /></a><figcaption>Charlotte Augusta Gibbes, portrait by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On December 9, 1846, Astor was married at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to Charlotte Augusta Gibbes (February 27, 1825 – December 12, 1887). Her parents were Thomas Stanyarne Gibbes Jr. and Susan Annette Vanden Heuvel.<sup id="cite_ref-Genealogy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genealogy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Apthorp" title="Charles Apthorp">Charles Apthorp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Cornelis_Van_den_Heuvel" title="Jan Cornelis Van den Heuvel">Jan Cornelius Van den Heuvel</a>, and South Carolina Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbes" title="Robert Gibbes">Robert Gibbes</a>. Together, they had one child, <a href="/wiki/William_Waldorf_Astor" title="William Waldorf Astor">William Waldorf Astor</a> in 1848, who later became the 1st <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Astor" title="Viscount Astor">Viscount Astor</a> and married Mary Dahlgren Paul. </p><p>In 1859, he built a home at 338 <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a>, today the street address of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>. Later, he had an imposing vacation home, <i>Beaulieu</i>, built in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport, Rhode Island</a>, and he had a country estate, <a href="/wiki/Nuits_(Irvington,_New_York)" title="Nuits (Irvington, New York)">Nuits</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ardsley-on-Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardsley-on-Hudson">Ardsley-on-Hudson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Irvington,_New_York" title="Irvington, New York">Irvington, New York</a>. Astor increasingly visited <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in his later years. His son moved there permanently with his family in 1891 and became a British citizen in 1899, later being made Lord Astor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John Jacob Astor III died on February 22, 1890, and was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_Cemetery" title="Trinity Church Cemetery">Trinity Church Cemetery</a> in Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources such as <i>Time</i> magazine incorrectly list him as "John Jacob Astor II" and discount the birth of his uncle John Jacob Astor Jr., who was unstable.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbwmAQAAIAAJ&q=John+Jacob+Astor+III&pg=PA1"><i>Catalogue of Officers and Graduates of Columbia University from the Foundation of King's College in 1754</i></a>. New York City: Columbia University. 1916. p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Officers+and+Graduates+of+Columbia+University+from+the+Foundation+of+King%27s+College+in+1754&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAbwmAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DJohn%2BJacob%2BAstor%2BIII%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoquilletteKimball2015" class="citation book cs1">Coquillette, Daniel R.; Kimball, Bruce A. (12 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/965797778"><i>On the battlefield of merit Harvard Law School, the first century</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-96766-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-96766-3"><bdi>978-0-674-96766-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/965797778">965797778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+battlefield+of+merit+Harvard+Law+School%2C+the+first+century&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F965797778&rft.isbn=978-0-674-96766-3&rft.aulast=Coquillette&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+Bruce+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F965797778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appletons-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-appletons_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonFiske1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_Wilson" title="James Grant Wilson">Wilson, J. G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Fiske_(philosopher)" title="John Fiske (philosopher)">Fiske, J.</a>, eds. (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Astor, John Jacob (capitalist)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Astor,_John_Jacob_(capitalist)">"Astor, John Jacob, capitalist" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. New York: D. Appleton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astor%2C+John+Jacob%2C+capitalist&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York Times. February 7, 1904.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americana-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-americana_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Astor, John Jacob (capitalist)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Astor,_John_Jacob_(capitalist)">"Astor, John Jacob, American capitalist and soldier" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astor%2C+John+Jacob%2C+American+capitalist+and+soldier&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrustees1892" class="citation book cs1">Trustees, Astor Library (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pitFAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA10-PA4">"Extract from the Will of the late John Jacob Astor, January 6, 1888"</a>. <i>Forty-Third Annual Report of the Trustees of the Astor Library of the City of New-York, for the Year 1891</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Extract+from+the+Will+of+the+late+John+Jacob+Astor%2C+January+6%2C+1888&rft.btitle=Forty-Third+Annual+Report+of+the+Trustees+of+the+Astor+Library+of+the+City+of+New-York%2C+for+the+Year+1891&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Trustees&rft.aufirst=Astor+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpitFAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA10-PA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genealogy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Genealogy_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeight" class="citation web cs1">Speight, John F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008225048/http://www.speightfamily.net/data/data/f_351.htm">"Genealogy Data Page 850"</a>. speightfamily.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speightfamily.net/data/data/f_351.htm">the original</a> on October 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genealogy+Data+Page+850&rft.pub=speightfamily.net&rft.aulast=Speight&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speightfamily.net%2Fdata%2Fdata%2Ff_351.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1919/10/20/archives/viscount-astor-dies-suddenly-of-heart-disease-stricken-saturday.html">"Viscount Astor Died Suddenly of Heart Disease. Stricken Saturday Morning, After Having Passed Part of Preceding Day Outdoors. Body Will Be Cremated and the Ashes Placed in Private Chapel at Cliveden. Peerage Came as Reward for War Gifts. Realty Holdings Here Valued at $60,000,000. Little Known to British Public. Estate Will Pay a Heavy Tax. His Pursuit of Title Evoked Bitter Criticism. Became a British Subject in 1899. Peerage Followed War Gifts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 20, 1919<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2008</span>. <q>Viscount Astor died yesterday morning. His death, which was from heart disease, was unexpected.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Viscount+Astor+Died+Suddenly+of+Heart+Disease.+Stricken+Saturday+Morning%2C+After+Having+Passed+Part+of+Preceding+Day+Outdoors.+Body+Will+Be+Cremated+and+the+Ashes+Placed+in+Private+Chapel+at+Cliveden.+Peerage+Came+as+Reward+for+War+Gifts.+Realty+Holdings+Here+Valued+at+%2460%2C000%2C000.+Little+Known+to+British+Public.+Estate+Will+Pay+a+Heavy+Tax.+His+Pursuit+of+Title+Evoked+Bitter+Criticism.+Became+a+British+Subject+in+1899.+Peerage+Followed+War+Gifts.&rft.date=1919-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1919%2F10%2F20%2Farchives%2Fviscount-astor-dies-suddenly-of-heart-disease-stricken-saturday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1890/02/23/archives/john-jacob-astor-dead-heart-disease-carries-him-off-suddenly-the.html">"John Jacob Astor Dead. Heart Disease Carries Him Off Suddenly. The End Of A Placid And Useful Life Full Of Good Deeds. William Waldorf Astor His Only Heir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 23, 1890<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Jacob+Astor+Dead.+Heart+Disease+Carries+Him+Off+Suddenly.+The+End+Of+A+Placid+And+Useful+Life+Full+Of+Good+Deeds.+William+Waldorf+Astor+His+Only+Heir.&rft.date=1890-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1890%2F02%2F23%2Farchives%2Fjohn-jacob-astor-dead-heart-disease-carries-him-off-suddenly-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Jacob_Astor_III&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America/Astor,_John_Jacob_(capitalist)" class="extiw" title="s:The Biographical Dictionary of America/Astor, John Jacob (capitalist)">Astor, John Jacob (capitalist)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America" title="The Biographical Dictionary of America">The Biographical Dictionary of America</a></i>. Vol. 1. 1906. pp. 156/157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astor%2C+John+Jacob+%28capitalist%29&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Dictionary+of+America&rft.pages=156%2F157&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2304">"John Jacob Astor III"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Jacob+Astor+III&rft.pub=Find+a+Grave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.findagrave.com%2Fmemorial%2F2304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Jacob+Astor+III" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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