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<li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Imperial residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Russian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interbellum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interbellum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Interbellum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interbellum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>World War 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.5</span> <span>Rebuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative and municipal divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gatchina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غاتتشينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاتتشينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qat%C3%A7ina" title="Qatçina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qatçina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="قاتچینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاتچینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчына – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гатчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гатчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0ttxina" title="Gàttxina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gàttxina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattjina" title="Gattjina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gattjina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattschina" title="Gattschina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gattschina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatt%C5%A1ina" title="Gattšina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gattšina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκάτσινα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκάτσινα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1tchina" title="Gátchina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gátchina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%89ino" title="Gatĉino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gatĉino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گاتچینا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاتچینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattsjina" title="Gattsjina – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gattsjina" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98%EB%82%98" title="가치나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가치나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Գատչինա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գատչինա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Гатчинæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гатчинæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%98%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גטצ'ינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גטצ'ינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გატჩინა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გატჩინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatcina" title="Gatcina – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gatcina" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatschina" title="Gatschina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gatschina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatcsina" title="Gatcsina – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gatcsina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جاتتشينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاتتشينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatsjina" title="Gatsjina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gatsjina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A" title="ガッチナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガッチナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattschina" title="Gattschina – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gattschina" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattsjina" title="Gattsjina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gattsjina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattsjina" title="Gattsjina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gattsjina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گاتچینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گاتچینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatczyna" title="Gatczyna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gatczyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C3%A7ina" title="Gatçina – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gatçina" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatcina" title="Gatcina – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gatcina" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Dina" title="Gatčina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gatčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatsina" title="Hatsina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hatsina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattjina" title="Gattjina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gattjina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="กัตชินา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัตชินา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C3%A7ina" title="Gatçina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gatçina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гатчина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гатчина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گاتچینا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گاتچینا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat%C4%8Din" title="Gatčin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gatčin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gatchina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%91%E7%BA%B3" title="加特契纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加特契纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%91%E7%BA%B3" title="加特契纳 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加特契纳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gatchina&params=59_35_N_30_08_E_type:city(92937)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°08′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.583°N 30.133°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.583; 30.133</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Trotsk" redirects here. For the other city formerly named Trotsk, see <a href="/wiki/Chapayevsk" title="Chapayevsk">Chapayevsk</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Gatchina</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Гатчина</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">Town</a><sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of the Gatchina Palace"><img alt="Aerial view of the Gatchina Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg/250px-Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg/375px-Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg/500px-Vadimrazumov_copter_-_Gatchina_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1499" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Gatchina Palace</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gatchina_(v._1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Gatchina"><img alt="Flag of Gatchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="955" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_(v._1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Gatchina"><img alt="Coat of arms of Gatchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Gatchina_%28v._1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="643" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Gatchina</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_6eb2ff8941512b41c7eb05626045d41154b6ee35"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gatchina&revid=1252269295&groups=_6eb2ff8941512b41c7eb05626045d41154b6ee35" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Gatchina&revid=1252269295&groups=_6eb2ff8941512b41c7eb05626045d41154b6ee35 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatchina is located in Leningrad Oblast"><img alt="Gatchina is located in Leningrad Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.091%;left:37.315%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gatchina"><img alt="Gatchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gatchina</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Gatchina</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Leningrad Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatchina is located in European Russia"><img alt="Gatchina is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.384%;left:26.811%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gatchina"><img alt="Gatchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gatchina</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Gatchina (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatchina is located in Europe"><img alt="Gatchina is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.926%;left:59.479%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gatchina"><img alt="Gatchina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Gatchina</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Gatchina (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gatchina&params=59_35_N_30_08_E_type:city(92937)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°08′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.583°N 30.133°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.583; 30.133</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Russia" title="Districts of Russia">Administrative district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gatchinsky_District" title="Gatchinsky District">Gatchinsky District</a><sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlement municipal formation</th><td class="infobox-data">Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First mentioned</th><td class="infobox-data">1499<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town status since</th><td class="infobox-data">1796<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100 m (300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">92,937</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">184th</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gatchinsky_District" title="Gatchinsky District">Gatchinsky District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Russia" title="Districts of Russia">Municipal district</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gatchinsky Municipal District<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban settlement</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Gatchinsky Municipal District,<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyD_mun_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyD_mun-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2191?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">188300-188310, 188319, 188399</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 81371<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">41618101001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town Day</th><td class="infobox-data">Third Saturday in September<sup id="cite_ref-Holiday_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holiday-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatchina-meria.ru/">www<wbr />.gatchina-meria<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gatchina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Га́тчина</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈɡatːɕɪnə]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">town</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gatchinsky_District" title="Gatchinsky District">Gatchinsky District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. It lies 45 kilometers (28 mi) south-south-west of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg"> St. Petersburg</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E95" title="European route E95"> E95</a> highway which links Saint Petersburg and <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>. Population: <span class="nowrap">92,937 (<a href="/wiki/2010_Russian_census" title="2010 Russian census">2010 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">88,420 (<a href="/wiki/2002_Russian_census" title="2002 Russian census">2002 Census</a>)</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-PopCensus_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopCensus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">79,714 (<a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_census" title="1989 Soviet census">1989 Soviet census</a>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1989_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1989-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style></p><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,824</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,600</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,201</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+130.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">63,292</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+72.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">75,153</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">79,714</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">88,420</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">92,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,377</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table><p>It was previously known as <i>Khotchino</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Gatchina</i> (until February 14, 1923),<sup id="cite_ref-GatchinskyUyezdHist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GatchinskyUyezdHist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Trotsk</i> (until August 2, 1929),<sup id="cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DistrictHist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Krasnogvardeysk</i> (until January 28, 1944).<sup id="cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DistrictHist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gatchina, the largest town in Leningrad Oblast, is best known as the location of the <a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Great Gatchina Palace</a>, one of the main residences of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Family">Russian Imperial Family</a> during the 18th and 19th centuries. The historic center and Gatchina Palace are part of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another popular tourist attraction in Gatchina is the <a href="/wiki/Priory_Palace" title="Priory Palace"> Prioratsky Palace</a>. </p><p>Gatchina has placed highly in <a href="/wiki/Quality-of-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Quality-of-life">quality-of-life</a> rankings in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="QOL indicator missing (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gatchina was first documented in 1499 under the name <b>Khotchino</b> as a village in possession of the <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 17th century it was passed to <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in a series of wars, until the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> at the turn of the 1700s when the area was returned to <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1703, Gatchina found itself in the southern vicinity of the new Russian capital, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, which was being constructed 45 kilometers (28 mi) north at the <a href="/wiki/Mouth_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouth (river)">mouth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Neva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neva River">Neva River</a>. Despite technically still belonging to <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Ingria" title="Swedish Ingria">Swedish Ingria</a>, in 1708, Gatchina was given by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> to his sister, <a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_Natalya_Alexeyevna_of_Russia" title="Tsarevna Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia">Natalya Alexeyevna</a>, and after her death in 1716 Peter founded an Imperial Hospital and Apothecary there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1765, it became the property of <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Orlov" title="Grigory Orlov">Count Orlov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_residence">Imperial residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18th_century">18th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatchina_Palace,_Southern_facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg/300px-Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg/450px-Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg/600px-Gatchina_Palace%2C_Southern_facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Great Gatchina Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1765, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>, Empress of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, purchased Gatchina Manor from Prince <a href="/wiki/Boris_Kurakin" title="Boris Kurakin">Boris Kurakin</a>, which featured the village and a small <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manor</a>. Gatchina was gifted by Catherine to one of her favorites, Count <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Grigoryevich_Orlov" class="mw-redirect" title="Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov">Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov</a>, who reportedly organized the <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia#Overthrow_and_death" title="Peter III of Russia">assassination of Tsar Peter III</a> three years earlier, resulting in her becoming empress. Between 1766 and 1788, Count Orlov built the massive <a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Great Gatchina Palace</a> in place of the original manor, with 600 rooms, an extensive English landscape park over 7 square kilometers (2.7 sq mi), with an adjacent <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoo</a> and a horse farm.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a> was erected to a design by the architect of Gatchina Palace, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rinaldi_(architect)" title="Antonio Rinaldi (architect)">Antonio Rinaldi</a>, forming a monumental entrance. Upon Orlov's death in 1783, Gatchina Palace was bought by Catherine from his heirs, and gave it to her son Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Paul_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Paul I of Russia">Pavel Petrovich</a>, the future Tsar Paul I.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his ownership, Paul made alterations to the palace, but also began developing the village of Gatchina into a town using experience from his travels around <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. After ascending to the throne, Paul granted Gatchina the status of Imperial City, an honorary designation for towns that possessed a <a href="/wiki/Royal_palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal palace">royal palace</a>. Gatchina Palace was expanded and altered numerous times by its subsequent imperial owners, with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> interiors designed by Rinaldi and <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Brenna" title="Vincenzo Brenna">Vincenzo Brenna</a>, and executed by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco workers</a> and Russian craftsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1854, a <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> connecting Gatchina and Saint Petersburg was opened, and the territory of Gatchina was expanded with several villages in the vicinity being <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> into the city.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year Gatchina Palace came under the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Alexander_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Alexander II">Tsar Alexander II</a>, who used it as his second residence. Alexander built a hunting village south of Gatchina into a retreat where he and his guests could enjoy the unspoiled wilderness of northwestern Russia. Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Alexander_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Alexander II">assassination of Alexander II</a> in 1881, Gatchina Palace was passed to his shaken son, the new <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Alexander_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Alexander III">Tsar Alexander III</a>, who was advised that he and his family would be safer in Gatchina as opposed to at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Palace" title="Winter Palace">Winter Palace</a> in Saint Petersburg. Alexander spent most of his life at Gatchina Palace, which became known as "The Citadel of <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a>" after the Tsar's reactionary policies. Here he signed decrees, held diplomatic receptions, theatrical performances, <a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball">masquerades</a> and costumed balls, and other events and entertainment. Alexander III introduced some technological <a href="/wiki/Modernizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernizations">modernizations</a> new to Russia at the Gatchina Palace, such as indoor <a href="/wiki/Heater" class="mw-redirect" title="Heater">heaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">electric lights</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> network, non-freezing water pipes and a modern <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a> system. His son, the future <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Nicholas II of Russia">Tsar Nicholas II</a> and the last Russian Tsar, spent his youth in the Gatchina Palace, although he and his family would make <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a> his home. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)">Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna</a>, widow of Alexander III, was the patron of the city of Gatchina, the palace and its parks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gatchina was honored as the best-kept city of Russia at the <a href="/wiki/1900_World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="1900 World's Fair">1900 World's Fair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Exposition Universelle</a>). The quality of life, education, medical services, and public safety in Gatchina were recognized as the best, and it was recommended as an example for other cities in Russia. In 1910, one of the first <a href="/wiki/Airfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfields">airfields</a> in Russia was established in Gatchina, with the city becoming one of the first centers of aviation and engine technology in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pilot <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Nesterov" title="Pyotr Nesterov">Pyotr Nesterov</a> was trained at the Gatchina airfield and made his first long-distance flight from Gatchina to <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>. Gatchina Palace remained one of the official imperial residences of Tsar Nicholas II, who was presiding over annual <a href="/wiki/Military_parade" title="Military parade">military parades</a> and celebrations of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> garrisons, stationed in Gatchina until 1917. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, major medical hospitals in Gatchina were visited by the Tsar Nicholas II and Empress Maria Fyodorovna, the mother of Nicholas II, his wife the Empress <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Alix_of_Hesse)" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alexandra Fyodorovna</a>, as well as their daughters <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Tatiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna_of_Russia_(1899%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918)">Grand Duchess Maria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anastasia</a>. </p><p>In March 1917, the Russian Empire collapsed upon the <a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_the_Russian_Tsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdication of the Russian Tsar">abdication of Nicholas II</a> following the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a>, leading to a decline in Gatchina's importance as the town and its palace became <a href="/wiki/State_property" class="mw-redirect" title="State property">state property</a> of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government">Provisional Government</a>, who converted it to a <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_Civil_War"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Russian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly afterwards, the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> seized power in the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> and the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> followed. It saw Gatchina loyal to the <a href="/wiki/White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="White Movement">White Movement</a>, and the palace was visited by President <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a> of the deposed <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> on October 27, 1917. During Kerensky's visit, fighting broke out in Gatchina between detachments of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">Cossack</a> units of General <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnov" title="Pyotr Krasnov">Pyotr Krasnov</a>. The Reds won the battle, which had avoided the palace, and on November 1, they held a rally outside the palace in the main square, where <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Dybenko" title="Pavel Dybenko">Pavel Dybenko</a> encouraged the Cossack units stationed in the palace to surrender and not to oppose the Red authorities. Kerensky left Gatchina Palace that night, and it was occupied by Red troops the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interbellum"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interbellum</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interbellum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1918, the museum was re-opened by the Reds "for the victorious popular masses of the Russian Revolution" in Gatchina.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1918 to 1941, the Gatchina Palace and parks were open to public as a national museum. On February 14, 1923, Gatchina was renamed <b>Trotsk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Троцк</span>) by the new Soviet authorities, after <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GatchinskyUyezdHist_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GatchinskyUyezdHist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> became General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Russian Communist Party (b)</a>, Trotsky was gradually <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> (and later killed on Stalin's orders), and the town was renamed <b>Krasnogvardeysk</b> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Красногварде́йск</span></span>, <i>Red Guard City</i>) on August 2, 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DistrictHist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_2"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War 2</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World War 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_1941-44_%D0%B3%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Damaged Saint Paul Cathedral in Gatchina during German occupation; the visible weariness is due to both heavy fighting and neglect showed by the Soviet government in the preceding decades</figcaption></figure> <p>Gatchina was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> from Saturday, September 13, 1941, following the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of Russia">German invasion of Russia</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Germans renamed the town <b>Lindemannstadt</b>, in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> general <a href="/wiki/Georg_Lindemann" title="Georg Lindemann">Georg Lindemann</a>, and looted much of the Gatchina Palace for its collections of art. On January 26, 1944, the Germans abandoned Lindemannstadt during their retreat, setting fire to Gatchina Palace and <a href="/wiki/Vandalizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalizing">vandalizing</a> much of the park. The town was quickly retaken by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, and two days later it was renamed back to its original pre-Soviet name, Gatchina.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DistrictHist-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rebuilding">Rebuilding</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rebuilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Gatchina was rebuilt to Soviet standards, and became home to the Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics. The extent of the Gatchina Palace's devastation was extraordinary, and initially was considered irreparable damage. Restoration works continued for over 60 years, and some pieces of the art collection were recovered from safe keeping and returned to Gatchina. Today, one section of the Gatchina Palace is partially completed and certain state rooms and the Arsenal Halls are now open to the public. Other areas of the palace, including those of Tsar Alexander III, remain closed and unrestored. </p><p>In 1990, shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a>, Gatchina Palace and surviving buildings in Gatchina's historic center became <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, as part of the wider <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, Gatchina was awarded in the Most Comfortable City of Russia, a <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> competition for Russian towns and cities, being ranked first in Category III, the category for cities with a population of under 100,000. In 2010, Gatchina's status as an <a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical city of Russia</a> was revoked. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1144px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the view from the piers at Gatchina Palace Park."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg/1136px-Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="1136" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg/1704px-Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg/2272px-Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8902" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatchina._Panorama_from_the_Terrace-pier.jpg" title="File:Gatchina. Panorama from the Terrace-pier.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the view from the piers at Gatchina Palace Park.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town has notably been known under various names during its history. As common with larger urban areas under the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Gatchina was renamed to reflect the changed ideals of the government. This first came in honouring Leon Trotsky. However, with the feud between Trotsky and Stalin at a high this name was to become problematic. Thus, the city was renamed again in honour of the Soviet troops. Unlike other regions that underwent this process, Gatchina has a more complex history leading to multiple variations. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Caption </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Period </th> <th>Named For </th> <th>Governing Power </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Khotchino </td> <td>1499–1700s </td> <td rowspan="4">Lust for authority or noble status </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1700s–1917 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td>Provisional Government<br />Whites<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917–1923 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trotsk </td> <td>1923–1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Krasnogvardeysk </td> <td>1929–1941 </td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(Russia)" title="Red Guards (Russia)">Red Guard</a>" City </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lindemannstadt </td> <td>1941–1944 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georg_Lindemann" title="Georg Lindemann">Georg Lindemann</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gatchina </td> <td>1944– </td> <td>Variant spelling of historic "Khotchino" </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_divisions">Administrative and municipal divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, Gatchina serves as the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gatchinsky_District" title="Gatchinsky District">Gatchinsky District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Gatchinsky District as <b>Gatchinskoye <a href="/wiki/Town_of_district_significance" title="Town of district significance">Settlement Municipal Formation</a></b>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, Gatchinskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Gatchinsky Municipal District as <b>Gatchinskoye Urban Settlement</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Gatchina, there are several enterprises related to timber industry, including a paper mill, and to food industry.<sup id="cite_ref-econ_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg/220px-Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg/330px-Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg/440px-Map_Gatchina_railway_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Map of two railway lines to Gatchina</figcaption></figure> <p>Gatchina is an important railway node. One railway, running north to south, connects the <a href="/wiki/Baltiysky_railway_station" title="Baltiysky railway station">Baltiysky railway station</a> in St. Petersburg with <a href="/wiki/Dno" title="Dno">Dno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nevel_(town)" title="Nevel (town)">Nevel</a>. Within the town limits, suburban trains in this direction stop at the platform of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatyanino_railway_platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatyanino railway platform (page does not exist)">Tatyanino</a> and the station of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina-Varshavskaya_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gatchina-Varshavskaya railway station (page does not exist)">Gatchina-Varshavskaya</a>. Another railway, also from the Baltiysky railway station, arrives to Gatchina from the northwest and has two stops, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariyenburg_railway_platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariyenburg railway platform (page does not exist)">Mariyenburg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina-Passazhirskaya-Baltiyskaya_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gatchina-Passazhirskaya-Baltiyskaya railway station (page does not exist)">Gatchina-Passazhirskaya-Baltiyskaya</a>. Yet another railway runs south of the town center from east to west and connects <a href="/wiki/Mga" title="Mga">Mga</a> via <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovka,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Ulyanovka, Leningrad Oblast">Ulyanovka</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volosovo,_Leningrad_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volosovo, Leningrad Oblast (page does not exist)">Volosovo</a>. The railway station on this line in Gatchina is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina-Tovarnaya-Baltiyskaya_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gatchina-Tovarnaya-Baltiyskaya railway station (page does not exist)">Gatchina-Tovarnaya-Baltiyskaya</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/M20_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="M20 highway (Russia)">M20 Highway</a> connecting St. Petersburg and <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a>, crosses Gatchina from north to south. South of Gatchina, it crosses the A120 Highway, which encircles St. Petersburg. A paved road connects Gatchina with <a href="/wiki/Kingisepp" title="Kingisepp">Kingisepp</a> via Volosovo. There are also local roads. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%90%D0%97-5256.26_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%E2%84%96431_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LiAZ_(Russia)" title="LiAZ (Russia)">LiAZ-5256</a> on a Gatchina route</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science">Science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gatchina is the site of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petersburg_Nuclear_Physics_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (page does not exist)">Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Gatchina is <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NLC2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NLC2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eskilstuna_Municipality" title="Eskilstuna Municipality">Eskilstuna</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ettlingen" title="Ettlingen">Ettlingen</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coatbridge" title="Coatbridge">Coatbridge</a>, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LeningradO_adm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradO_adm_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oblast Law #32-oz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Энциклопедия Города России</i>. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9" title="Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9"><bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-7107-7399-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyDGatchinskoyeUS_mun_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #115-oz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeningradOGatchinskyD_mun-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeningradOGatchinskyD_mun_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #113-oz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatchina.biz/info"><bdi lang="ru">Гатчина и Гатчинский район Справочная информация</bdi></a> (in Russian). gatchina.biz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=gatchina.biz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatchina.biz%2Finfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holiday-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holiday_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatchina-meria.ru/news/news.php?id=201"><bdi lang="ru">Гатчина готовится к Дню города</bdi></a> (in Russian). Администрация МО «Город Гатчина»<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BA+%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%8E+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9C%D0%9E+%C2%AB%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatchina-meria.ru%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Fid%3D201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopCensus-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopCensus_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1989-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1989_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GatchinskyUyezdHist-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GatchinskyUyezdHist_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GatchinskyUyezdHist_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094855/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/4_Gatch_uezd.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Гатчинский уезд (февраль 1923 г. - август 1927 г.)</bdi></a> (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/4_Gatch_uezd.htm">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4+%28%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+1923+%D0%B3.+-+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82+1927+%D0%B3.%29&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassif.spb.ru%2Fsprav%2Fnp_lo%2F4_Gatch_uezd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DistrictHist-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DistrictHist_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001008/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/43_Trotsky_Krasnofvardeysky_Gatchinsky_rayon.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Троцкий район (август 1927 г. - август 1929 г.), Красногвардейский район (август 1929 г. - январь 1944 г.), Гатчинский район (январь 1944 г.)</bdi></a> (in Russian). Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/43_Trotsky_Krasnofvardeysky_Gatchinsky_rayon.htm">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82+1927+%D0%B3.+-+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82+1929+%D0%B3.%29%2C+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82+1929+%D0%B3.+-+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+1944+%D0%B3.%29%2C+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD+%28%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+1944+%D0%B3.%29&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassif.spb.ru%2Fsprav%2Fnp_lo%2F43_Trotsky_Krasnofvardeysky_Gatchinsky_rayon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/540/multiple=1&unique_number=635">"Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments"</a>. <i>unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=Historic+Centre+of+Saint+Petersburg+and+Related+Groups+of+Monuments&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F540%2Fmultiple%3D1%26unique_number%3D635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Peter the Great: His Life and World</i> (Knopf, 1980) by Robert K. Massie, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-50032-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-50032-6">0-394-50032-6</a> (also Wings Books, 1991, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-06483-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-06483-9">0-517-06483-9</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img-2005-02.photosight.ru/13/759925.jpg">photo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars</i>. Abbeville Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7892-0217-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7892-0217-4">0-7892-0217-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unilib.neva.ru/city/suburbs/sub2.html">Suburbs of St.Petersburg : Gatchina</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080317190952/http://www.unilib.neva.ru/city/suburbs/sub2.html">Archived</a> 17 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Kerensky, <i>The Catastrophe</i> (New York, 1927)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorod.gatchina.biz/dll_9103001">Гатчинский дворец, годы испытаний</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Schafer (2011), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dSi3ecb7qmEC&dq=Lindemann+Gattschina&pg=PA44">Jahrgang 1924</a></i>, p. 44 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8423-1113-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-8423-1113-3">3-8423-1113-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/540/multiple=1&unique_number=635">"Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments"</a>. <i>unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unesco.org&rft.atitle=Historic+Centre+of+Saint+Petersburg+and+Related+Groups+of+Monuments&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F540%2Fmultiple%3D1%26unique_number%3D635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-econ-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econ_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radm.gtn.ru/portal_gatchina/general/economy.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Комитет экономики и инвестиций</bdi></a> (in Russian). Гатчинский муниципальный район<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.pub=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradm.gtn.ru%2Fportal_gatchina%2Fgeneral%2Feconomy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104214118/http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/index.html.en">"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>pnpi.spb.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnpi.spb.ru/en/">the original</a> on November 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pnpi.spb.ru&rft.atitle=Petersburg+Nuclear+Physics+Institute.+National+Research+Centre+%22Kurchatov+Institute%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnpi.spb.ru%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radm.gtn.ru/activity/partnership/pobratim/">"Побратимы Гатчины и Гатчинского района"</a>. <i>radm.gtn.ru</i> (in Russian). Gatchinsky District<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radm.gtn.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradm.gtn.ru%2Factivity%2Fpartnership%2Fpobratim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217202325/https://www.espoo.fi/fi-FI/Espoon_kaupunki/Tietoa_Espoosta/Kansainvalinen_Espoo/Verkostot">"Verkostot"</a>. <i>espoo.fi</i> (in Finnish). Espoo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espoo.fi/fi-FI/Espoon_kaupunki/Tietoa_Espoosta/Kansainvalinen_Espoo/Verkostot">the original</a> on December 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=espoo.fi&rft.atitle=Verkostot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espoo.fi%2Ffi-FI%2FEspoon_kaupunki%2FTietoa_Espoosta%2FKansainvalinen_Espoo%2FVerkostot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NLC2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NLC2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305055359/http://mars.northlan.gov.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/report/042280.pdf">"MINUTE OF MEETING OF COATBRIDGE AREA COMMITTEE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. North Lanarkshire Council. 23 June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars.northlan.gov.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/report/042280.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MINUTE+OF+MEETING+OF+COATBRIDGE+AREA+COMMITTEE&rft.pub=North+Lanarkshire+Council&rft.date=1998-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars.northlan.gov.uk%2Fxpedio%2Fgroups%2Fpublic%2Fdocuments%2Freport%2F042280.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radm.gtn.ru/activity/partnership/partnership_news/?art=122">"Гатчина и Кишинев установили побратимские связи"</a> (in Russian). Gatchina Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8&rft.pub=Gatchina+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradm.gtn.ru%2Factivity%2Fpartnership%2Fpartnership_news%2F%3Fart%3D122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGatchina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №32-оз от 15 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ленинградской области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Областного закона №23-оз от 8 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении муниципальных образований "Приморское городское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и "Глебычевское сельское поселение" Выборгского района Ленинградской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Областные законы». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Вести", №112, 23 июня 2010 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #32-oz of June 15, 2010 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change</i>, as amended by the Oblast Law #23-oz of May 8, 2014 <i>On Merging the Municipal Formations of "Primorskoye Urban Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and "Glebychevskoye Rural Settlement" in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast and on Amending Various Oblast Laws</i>. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №113-оз от 16 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования Гатчинский муниципальный район и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Областного закона №17-оз от 6 мая 2010 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые областные законы в связи с принятием федерального закона "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с совершенствованием организации местного самоуправления"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (27 декабря 2004 г.). Опубликован: "Вести", №147, 17 декабря 2004 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #113-oz of December 16, 2004 <i>On Establishing the Borders of and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of Gatchinsky Municipal District and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises</i>, as amended by the Oblast Law #17-oz of May 6, 2010 <i>On Amending Various Oblast Laws Due to the Adoption of the Federal Law "On Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Due to the Improvement of the Organization of the Local Self-Government"</i>. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication (December 27, 2004).).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное собрание Ленинградской области. Областной закон №115-оз от 22 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении статусом городского поселения муниципального образования город Гатчина в Гатчинском муниципальном районе», в ред. Областного закона №43-оз от 27 июня 2013 г. «О присоединении деревни Большая Загвоздка к городу Гатчина и о внесении изменений в некоторые Областные законы в сфере административно-территориального устройства Ленинградской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (2 января 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Вести", №149, 23 декабря 2004 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast. Oblast Law #115-oz of December 22, 2004 <i>On Establishing the Borders of and Granting Urban Settlement Status to the Municipal Formation of the Town of Gatchina in Gatchinsky Municipal District</i>, as amended by the Oblast Law #43-oz of June 27, 2013 <i>On Merging the Village of Bolshaya Zagvozdka into the Town of Gatchina and on Amending Various Oblast Laws on the Subject of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Leningrad Oblast</i>. Effective as of after 10 days from the day of the official publication (January 2, 2005).).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>St. Petersburg: Architecture of the Tsars.</i> Abbeville Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0789202174" title="Special:BookSources/0789202174">0789202174</a></li> <li><i>Knopf Guide: St. Petersburg</i>. New York: Knopf, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-76202-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-76202-7">0-679-76202-7</a></li> <li>Glantz, David M. <i>The Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944.</i> Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4">0-7006-1208-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Radzinsky" title="Edvard Radzinsky">Radzinsky, Edvard</a>. <i>Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar.</i> New York: The Free Press, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-7332-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-7332-X">0-7432-7332-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gatchina&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="external text" href="http://radm.gtn.ru/">Official website of Gatchina</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gatchina.jsprav.ru/">Gatchina Business Directory</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatchina3000.ru/">Art monuments & History of former residence of the Russian Emperors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history-gatchina.ru/">Gatchina over the Centuries</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enlight.ru/camera/30/index_e.html">Views of Gatchina Park</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leningrad_Oblast" title="Template:Leningrad Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leningrad_Oblast" title="Template talk:Leningrad Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leningrad_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leningrad Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Leningrad_Oblast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Leningrad Oblast">Administrative divisions of Leningrad Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Administrative center: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gatchina</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Leningrad_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Leningrad Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boksitogorsky_District" title="Boksitogorsky District">Boksitogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchinsky_District" title="Gatchinsky District">Gatchinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingiseppsky_District" title="Kingiseppsky District">Kingiseppsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirishsky_District" title="Kirishsky District">Kirishsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Kirovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodeynopolsky_District" title="Lodeynopolsky District">Lodeynopolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomonosovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Lomonosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Lomonosovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhsky_District" title="Luzhsky District">Luzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podporozhsky_District" title="Podporozhsky District">Podporozhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priozersky_District" title="Priozersky District">Priozersky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slantsevsky_District" title="Slantsevsky District">Slantsevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvinsky_District" title="Tikhvinsky District">Tikhvinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosnensky_District" title="Tosnensky District">Tosnensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkhovsky_District" title="Volkhovsky District">Volkhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volosovsky_District" title="Volosovsky District">Volosovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolozhsky_District" title="Vsevolozhsky District">Vsevolozhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborgsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Vyborgsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boksitogorsk" title="Boksitogorsk">Boksitogorsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gatchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivangorod" title="Ivangorod">Ivangorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamennogorsk" title="Kamennogorsk">Kamennogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingisepp" title="Kingisepp">Kingisepp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirishi" title="Kirishi">Kirishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Kirovsk, Leningrad Oblast">Kirovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommunar,_Gatchinsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Kommunar, Gatchinsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Kommunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudrovo" title="Kudrovo">Kudrovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodeynoye_Pole" title="Lodeynoye Pole">Lodeynoye Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luga,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Luga, Leningrad Oblast">Luga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuban_(town),_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Lyuban (town), Leningrad Oblast">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murino,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Murino, Leningrad Oblast">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolskoye,_Tosnensky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Nikolskoye, Tosnensky District, Leningrad Oblast">Nikolskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaya_Ladoga" title="Novaya Ladoga">Novaya Ladoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otradnoye,_Kirovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Otradnoye, Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Otradnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikalyovo,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Pikalyovo, Leningrad Oblast">Pikalyovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podporozhye,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Podporozhye, Leningrad Oblast">Podporozhye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast">Primorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priozersk" title="Priozersk">Priozersk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertolovo" title="Sertolovo">Sertolovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slantsy,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Slantsy, Leningrad Oblast">Slantsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosnovy_Bor,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Oblast">Sosnovy Bor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetogorsk" title="Svetogorsk">Svetogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlisselburg" title="Shlisselburg">Shlisselburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syasstroy" title="Syasstroy">Syasstroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvin" title="Tikhvin">Tikhvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosno" title="Tosno">Tosno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volosovo,_Volosovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Volosovo, Volosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Volosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkhov" title="Volkhov">Volkhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolozhsk" title="Vsevolozhsk">Vsevolozhsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vysotsk" title="Vysotsk">Vysotsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolshaya_Izhora" title="Bolshaya Izhora">Bolshaya Izhora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budogoshch" title="Budogoshch">Budogoshch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druzhnaya_Gorka,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Druzhnaya Gorka, Leningrad Oblast">Druzhnaya Gorka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovka,_Vsevolozhsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Dubrovka, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Dubrovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornosovo" title="Fornosovo">Fornosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeni_Morozova" title="Imeni Morozova">Imeni Morozova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeni_Sverdlova,_Russia" title="Imeni Sverdlova, Russia">Imeni Sverdlova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasny_Bor,_Tosnensky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Krasny Bor, Tosnensky District, Leningrad Oblast">Krasny Bor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzmolovsky" title="Kuzmolovsky">Kuzmolovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuznechnoye" title="Kuznechnoye">Kuznechnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebyazhye,_Lomonosovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Lebyazhye, Lomonosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Lebyazhye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesogorsky" title="Lesogorsky">Lesogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga" title="Mga">Mga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naziya" title="Naziya">Naziya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolsky,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Nikolsky, Leningrad Oblast">Nikolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo,_Kirovsky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Pavlovo, Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast">Pavlovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priladozhsky" title="Priladozhsky">Priladozhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhya" title="Rakhya">Rakhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshchino,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Roshchino, Leningrad Oblast">Roshchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryabovo,_Tosnensky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Ryabovo, Tosnensky District, Leningrad Oblast">Ryabovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Sinyavino, Leningrad Oblast">Sinyavino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siversky" title="Siversky">Siversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Sovetsky, Leningrad Oblast">Sovetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svirstroy" title="Svirstroy">Svirstroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovka,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Ulyanovka, Leningrad Oblast">Ulyanovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taytsy" title="Taytsy">Taytsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksovo" title="Toksovo">Toksovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmachyovo" title="Tolmachyovo">Tolmachyovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhiny" title="Vazhiny">Vazhiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voznesenye" title="Voznesenye">Voznesenye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyritsa" title="Vyritsa">Vyritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanino-1" title="Yanino-1">Yanino-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yefimovsky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Yefimovsky (urban-type settlement)">Yefimovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7436#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7436#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139606429">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJckMcv8BCKm8bHYtKKyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84127918">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13571077q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13571077q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gatčina (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129183&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567022505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c2e1b74d-d22f-4488-8718-a28eb06bb0a6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/052639983">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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