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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Lionel Strongfort</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarony,_Napoleon_(1821-1896)_-_Lionel_Strongfort_(Max_Unger)_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg/220px-Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg/330px-Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg/440px-Sarony%2C_Napoleon_%281821-1896%29_-_Lionel_Strongfort_%28Max_Unger%29_-_1900_-_nwsgrp2_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="1212" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1878<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 November 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-11-27)</span> (aged 89)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Bodybuilder</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Max Unger</b> (23 November 1878 – 27 November 1967), known as <b>Lionel Strongfort</b>, was a German <a href="/wiki/Bodybuilder" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodybuilder">bodybuilder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestler" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrestler">wrestler</a> and author of the correspondence physical exercise course, known as the Strongfort System of <a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical Culture</a>, or Strongfortism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strongfort was born in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> on 23 November 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-Willoughby_1970_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willoughby_1970-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked as a watch and <a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">clockmakers</a> apprentice. A turning point in the life of the young, sixteen-year-old was a meeting with German strongman <a href="/wiki/Louis_Attila" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Attila">Louis Attila</a>. He immediately noticed the potential of the young man and encouraged him to attend his trainings. After a year Strongfort achieved a phenomenal form (at the age of seventeen, with one hand he lifted over his head a weight of 130 pounds). In addition to lifting weights, he also practiced <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, wrestling and other sports. He defeated Turkish wrestlers - <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_%C4%B0smail" title="Yusuf İsmail">Yusuf İsmail</a> and Adali Halil, who at that time were doing a world tour. He also adopted the stage nickname Lionel Strongfort and began his own series of shows in vaudeville and circus productions around the world. He also posed for sculptors and photographers. Strongfort claimed to possess the world record in the <a href="/wiki/Bent_press" title="Bent press">bent press</a> with 312 pounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Willoughby_1970_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willoughby_1970-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The thing that brought him the greatest fame was the "Human Bridge Act", based only on his arms and legs he kept the weight of the bridge through which he drove a car with six passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shprintzen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first years of the twentieth century, he stopped showing, settled in the USA and took up the correspondence course, sales of books, sports equipment and dietary supplements. </p><p>He established the Max Unger Health and Strength Institute in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> around 1915, and later the Strongfort Institute in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. He launched a mail-order health training system that continued into the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shprintzen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" title="Eugen Sandow">Eugen Sandow</a> and other strongmen of the period, Strongfort equated the muscular male body with <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexuality</a>. In his book <i>Do It With Muscle!</i>, he commented that "it is a wise law of nature that woman shall ever be drawn to the strong and vital man."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vegetarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strongfort was a <a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarian">lacto-ovo vegetarian</a>. He recommended a diet that consisted of <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, grains, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shprintzen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909, Strongfort issued a challenge in the <i>Physical Culture</i> magazine to Strongman <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Saxon" title="Arthur Saxon">Arthur Saxon</a>. Saxon believed that meat was essential to gain strength. He was particularly fond of beef and ate it three times a day. As a vegetarian, Strongfort disputed this and challenged Saxon to a weight-lifting contest to prove the superiority of a meat-free diet. The challenged was not answered.<sup id="cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shprintzen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Intelligence in Physical Culture</i> (1910)</li> <li><i>Promotion & Conservation of Health, Strength & Mental Energy</i> (1919)</li> <li><i>The Strength of a Hercules and How to Obtain It</i> (1920)</li> <li><i>Do It With Muscle!</i> (1924)</li> <li><i>Life's Energy Through Strongfortism</i> (1928)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernarr_Macfadden" title="Bernarr Macfadden">Bernarr Macfadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_P._Swoboda" title="Alois P. Swoboda">Alois P. Swoboda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Willoughby_1970-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willoughby_1970_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willoughby_1970_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Willoughby, David P. (1970). <i>The Super-Athletes</i>. A. S. Barnes, Incorporated. p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shprintzen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shprintzen_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shprintzen, Adam D. (2013). <i>The Vegetarian Crusade: The Rise of an American Reform Movement, 1817-1921</i>. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 193-195. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-0891-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-0891-4">978-1-4696-0891-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanchez, Maria C; Schlossberg, Linda. (2001). <i>Passing: Identity and Interpretation in Sexuality, Race, and Religion</i>. New York University Press. p. 140. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-8122-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-8122-5">0-8147-8122-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Strongfort&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013714913;view=2up;seq=104;size=175">Arthur Saxon Challenged to a Weight-Lifting Contest</a>. <i>Physical Culture</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Physical_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Physical_culture" title="Template:Physical culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Physical_culture" title="Template talk:Physical culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Physical_culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Physical culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Physical_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antecedents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_GutsMuths" title="Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths">Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Krebs" title="Johann Baptist Krebs">Johann Baptist Krebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_Henrik_Ling" title="Pehr Henrik Ling">Pehr Henrik Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Nachtegall" title="Franz Nachtegall">Franz Nachtegall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Amor%C3%B3s_y_Ondeano" title="Francisco Amorós y Ondeano">Francisco Amorós y Ondeano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Spiess" title="Adolf Spiess">Adolf Spiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Topham" title="Thomas Topham">Thomas Topham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_physical_culture" title="Western physical culture">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Assirati" title="Bert Assirati">Bert Assirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bankier" title="William Bankier">William Bankier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Barton-Wright" title="Edward William Barton-Wright">Edward William Barton-Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zishe_Breitbart" title="Zishe Breitbart">Zishe Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bukh" title="Niels Bukh">Niels Bukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Dane" title="Victor Dane">Victor Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Delsarte" title="François Delsarte">François Delsarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Desbonnet" title="Edmond Desbonnet">Edmond Desbonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launceston_Elliot" title="Launceston Elliot">Launceston Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Emmott" title="Tony Emmott">Tony Emmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ferrero" title="Juan Ferrero">Juan Ferrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Fowler" title="Eileen Fowler">Eileen Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fitzsimmons" title="Bob Fitzsimmons">Bob Fitzsimmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Fri%C5%A1tensk%C3%BD" title="Gustav Frištenský">Gustav Frištenský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Margaret_Garrud" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Margaret Garrud">Edith Margaret Garrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6rner" title="Hermann Görner">Hermann Görner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hackenschmidt" title="George Hackenschmidt">George Hackenschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_H%C3%A9bert" title="Georges Hébert">Georges Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Heidenstam" title="Oscar Heidenstam">Oscar Heidenstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Hornibrook" title="F. A. Hornibrook">F. A. Hornibrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Inch" title="Thomas Inch">Thomas Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lees_(bodybuilder)" title="John Lees (bodybuilder)">John Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_McLeod_(wrestler)" title="Dan McLeod (wrestler)">Dan McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rgen_Peter_M%C3%BCller" title="Jørgen Peter Müller">Jørgen Peter Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartvig_Nissen_(gymnast)" title="Hartvig Nissen (gymnast)">Hartvig Nissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Park" title="Reg Park">Reg Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pullum" title="William Pullum">William Pullum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Rhodes" title="Joan Rhodes">Joan Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Sandow" title="Eugen Sandow">Eugen Sandow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Saxon" title="Arthur Saxon">Arthur Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Schlaffhorst" title="Clara Schlaffhorst">Clara Schlaffhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_(sport_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokol (sport organization)">Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lionel Strongfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxalding" title="Maxalding">Maxalding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Sick" title="Max Sick">Maxick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Saldo" title="Monte Saldo">Monte Saldo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcana" title="Vulcana">Vulcana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Walker_(weightlifter)" title="Ronald Walker (weightlifter)">Ronald Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Diana_Watts" title="Emily Diana Watts">Emily Diana Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Welsh" title="Freddie Welsh">Freddie Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Atlas" title="Charles Atlas">Charles Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Bass" title="Clarence Bass">Clarence Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_Bennett" title="Sanford Bennett">Sanford Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Berry_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Berry (author)">Mark Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bonomo_(strongman)" title="Joe Bonomo (strongman)">Joe Bonomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brosius" title="George Brosius">George Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Sr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.">Drexel Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bjelke_Petersen" title="Marie Bjelke Petersen">Marie Bjelke Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blaikie" title="William Blaikie">William Blaikie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bragg" title="Paul Bragg">Paul Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Calvert" title="Alan Calvert">Alan Calvert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Checkley" title="Edwin Checkley">Edwin Checkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Ward_Crampton" title="C. Ward Crampton">C. Ward Crampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Delinger" title="Jack Delinger">Jack Delinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Durlacher" title="Ludwig Durlacher">Ludwig Durlacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eiferman" title="George Eiferman">George Eiferman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrica_Le_Favre" title="Carrica Le Favre">Carrica Le Favre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keene_Fitzpatrick" title="Keene Fitzpatrick">Keene Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Forest" title="Mark Forest">Mark Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fury" title="Ed Fury">Ed Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gagnon" title="John B. Gagnon">John B. Gagnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Gironda" title="Vince Gironda">Vince Gironda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Greenstein" title="Joe Greenstein">Joe Greenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grimek" title="John Grimek">John Grimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Hastings" title="Milo Hastings">Milo Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hilligenn" title="Roy Hilligenn">Roy Hilligenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoffman_(sports_promoter)" title="Bob Hoffman (sports promoter)">Bob Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Jowett" title="George F. Jowett">George F. Jowett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Kellerman" title="Annette Kellerman">Annette Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegmund_Klein" title="Siegmund Klein">Siegmund Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_LaLanne" title="Jack LaLanne">Jack LaLanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._C._Latson" title="W. R. C. Latson">W. R. C. 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