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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comments_on_Vilnius_street_and_memorial_renaming_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_on_Vilnius_street_and_memorial_renaming_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Comments on Vilnius street and memorial renaming controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_on_Vilnius_street_and_memorial_renaming_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition_as_the_head_of_state_of_Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_as_the_head_of_state_of_Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Recognition as the head of state of Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_as_the_head_of_state_of_Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honours and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honours and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>National honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_doctorates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_doctorates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Honorary doctorates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_doctorates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vytautas Landsbergis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81" title="Вітаўтас Ландсбергіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вітаўтас Ландсбергіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81" title="Вітаўтас Ландсбергіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вітаўтас Ландсбергіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ویتوتاس لانزبرگیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتوتاس لانزبرگیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%83%80%EC%9A%B0%ED%83%80%EC%8A%A4_%EB%9E%80%EC%B8%A0%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="비타우타스 란츠베르기스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비타우타스 란츠베르기스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Վիտաուտաս Լանդսբերգիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիտաուտաս Լանդսբերգիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ვიტაუტას ლანდსბერგისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიტაუტას ლანდსბერგისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABtauts_Landsber%C4%A3is" title="Vītauts Landsberģis – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vītauts Landsberģis" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABtauts_Landsber%C4%A3is" title="Vītauts Landsberģis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vītauts Landsberģis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ڤيتاوتاس لاندسبيرجيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤيتاوتاس لاندسبيرجيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9" title="ヴィータウタス・ランズベルギス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィータウタス・ランズベルギス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Ландсбергис, Витаутас Витаутасович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ландсбергис, Витаутас Витаутасович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vytautas Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%91%D1%96%D1%81" title="Вітаутас Ландсберґіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вітаутас Ландсберґіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABtauts_Landsbergis" title="Vītauts Landsbergis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vītauts Landsbergis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%8C%A8%E8%B4%9D%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF" title="维陶塔斯·兰茨贝吉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维陶塔斯·兰茨贝吉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q164582#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Vytautas Landsbergis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/220px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/330px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/440px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Landsbergis in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Chairman of the Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 March 1990 – 25 November 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Post created<hr /><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a> (in 1940, last legal President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a> (as the Speaker of the Seimas and acting President of Lithuania)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Seimas" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Seimas">Speaker of the Seimas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 November 1996 – 19 October 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslovas_Jur%C5%A1%C4%97nas" title="Česlovas Juršėnas">Česlovas Juršėnas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Art%C5%ABras_Paulauskas" title="Artūras Paulauskas">Artūras Paulauskas</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Union" title="Homeland Union">Chairman of the Homeland Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 May 1993 – 24 May 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Post created</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrius_Kubilius" title="Andrius Kubilius">Andrius Kubilius</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lithuania (European Parliament constituency)">Lithuania</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />28 April 2003 – 30 June 2014</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1932-10-18</span>) </span>18 October 1932<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 92)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a> (1988–1993) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Union_(Lithuanian_Conservatives)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Union (Lithuanian Conservatives)">Homeland Union</a> (1993–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Gražina Ručytė-Landsbergienė</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Music_and_Theatre" title="Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre">Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre</a> (1955)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vytautas Landsbergis's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png/128px-Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png/192px-Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png/256px-Signature_of_Vytautas_Landsbergis.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vytautas Landsbergis</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Lithuanian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">[ˈvʲîːtɐʊtɐs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɫɐ̂ˑnʲdzʲbʲɛrʲɡʲɪs]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/69\/Vytautas_Landsbergis.ogg\/Vytautas_Landsbergis.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Vytautas Landsbergis.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Vytautas_Landsbergis.ogg/Vytautas_Landsbergis.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Vytautas_Landsbergis.ogg" title="File:Vytautas Landsbergis.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; born 18 October 1932) is a Lithuanian politician and former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>. He was the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Speaker of Reconstituent Seimas</a> of Lithuania after <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">its independence declaration</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. He has written 20 books on a variety of topics, including a biography of <a href="/wiki/Mikalojus_Konstantinas_%C4%8Ciurlionis" title="Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis">Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis</a>, as well as works on politics and music. He is a founding signatory of the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Declaration" title="Prague Declaration">Prague Declaration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a member of the international advisory council of the <a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial_Foundation" title="Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation">Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vytautas Landsbergis, member of an old German <a href="/wiki/Landsberg_family" title="Landsberg family">Landsberg family</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania. His father was the architect <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis-%C5%BDemkalnis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis">Vytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis</a>. His mother, <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmologist</a> Dr. Ona Jablonskytė-Landsbergienė, assisted her sister's family in sheltering a Jewish child, Avivit Kissin, from the Holocaust. She brought Kissin to her sister's home and produced a forged birth certificate with a Lithuanian for Kissin. Her sister and brother-in-law were named <a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jablonskytė-Landsbergienė was also named as Righteous Among the Nations for her efforts to help hide a 16-year old Jewish girl named Bella Gurvich (later Rozenberg).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952 he placed third in the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_chess_championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian chess championship">Lithuanian chess championship</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Ratmir_Kholmov" title="Ratmir Kholmov">Ratmir Kholmov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladas_Mik%C4%97nas" title="Vladas Mikėnas">Vladas Mikėnas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1955, he graduated from the Lithuanian Conservatory of Music (now <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Music_and_Theatre" title="Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre">Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre</a>). In 1969, he wrote his thesis for his PhD degree. In 1978, he became a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Music_and_Theatre" title="Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre">Lithuanian Conservatory</a>. From 1978 to 1990, he was a professor at both the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Music_and_Theatre" title="Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre">Lithuanian Conservatory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Pedagogical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilnius Pedagogical University">Vilnius Pedagogical University</a>. In 1994, he wrote a thesis for his <a href="/wiki/Habilitation" title="Habilitation">doctor habilitus</a> degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landsbergis was married to Gražina Ručytė-Landsbergienė (1930–2020),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was a well-known Lithuanian pianist and associate Professor of the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theater. His daughters Jūratė and Birutė are also musicians. His son, <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_V._Landsbergis" title="Vytautas V. Landsbergis">Vytautas</a>, is a well-known Lithuanian writer and film director. His grandson <a href="/wiki/Gabrielius_Landsbergis" title="Gabrielius Landsbergis">Gabrielius Landsbergis</a> (b. 1982) is the current leader of the conservative party, a member of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Parliament">Lithuanian Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Lithuania">Foreign Minister of Lithuania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park,_Vilnius,_Lithuania,_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg/220px-Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg/330px-Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg/440px-Vytautas_Landsbergis_speaks_at_Ribbentrop-Molotov_Pact_50th_Anniversary_Rally_in_Kaln%C5%B3_park%2C_Vilnius%2C_Lithuania%2C_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6757" data-file-height="4385" /></a><figcaption>Vytautas Landsbergis speaks at <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> 50th Anniversary Rally in <a href="/wiki/Kalnai_Park" title="Kalnai Park">Kalnai Park</a>, Vilnius, Lithuania, 1989.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg/220px-Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg/330px-Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg/440px-Leaders_of_the_Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania_on_11_March_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6766" data-file-height="4528" /></a><figcaption>Vytautas Landsbergis (in the middle) on 11 March 1990, after the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Landsbergis entered politics, in 1988, as one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a>, the Lithuanian pro-independence political movement. In <a href="/wiki/1989_Soviet_Union_legislative_election" title="1989 Soviet Union legislative election">1989 elections to the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union</a>, Landsbergis was elected as one of the People's Deputies from Lithuanian SSR. After Sąjūdis' victory in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Lithuanian_Supreme_Soviet_election" title="1990 Lithuanian Supreme Soviet election">1990 elections</a>, he became the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Lithuania">Supreme Council of Lithuania</a>. </p><p>On 11 March 1990, he headed the Parliamentary session during which the restoration of Lithuanian independence from the Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">was declared</a>. Lithuania became the first <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet Republic</a> to do so. According to the <a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laikinasis_Pagrindinis_%C4%AFstatymas" class="extiw" title="lt:Laikinasis Pagrindinis įstatymas">Temporary Primary Law</a> (<i>de facto</i> temporary Constitution, until the permanent Constitution comes to power) of Lithuania, Landsbergis was both: the highest officer of State and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker of the Parliament</a>. He held this post from March 1990 until the <a href="/wiki/1992_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1992 Lithuanian parliamentary election">next elections in November 1992</a>. </p><p>The Soviet Union attempted to stifle this activity by economic blockade in 1990, but it failed, and other Soviet Republics soon followed suit and declared their independence from Moscow, as well. He was also extremely dubious of the view that <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> was trying to liberalize the Soviet Union and that Lithuania should not prevent him from doing so. Landsbergis also played a crucial role during the <a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">confrontation between the Lithuanian independence movement and Soviet armed forces</a> in January 1991. Iceland was the first state that officially recognized the restoration of Lithuanian independence; Landsbergis was somewhat critical of certain Western powers (such as the United States and United Kingdom) for not showing enough support in Lithuania's bid to restore its independence after more than 40 years of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation#Baltic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation">Soviet occupation</a>, although he did accept the recommendation from his government that the newly independent Lithuania immediately seek to establish full diplomatic relations with the UK and US. </p><p>In 1993, Landsbergis led much of Sąjūdis into a new political party, the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Union_(Lithuanian_Conservatives)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Union (Lithuanian Conservatives)">Homeland Union</a> (<i>Tėvynės Sąjunga</i>). It gained a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="1996 Lithuanian parliamentary election">1996 parliamentary elections</a>. Landsbergis served as Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas</a> from 1996 until 2000. He ran, although unsuccessfully, for president in 1997 (coming up the third after receiving 15.9% of the votes). During the runoff, he supported <a href="/wiki/Valdas_Adamkus" title="Valdas Adamkus">Valdas Adamkus</a>, who had finished second in the first round. Adamkus eventually became president. </p><p>In 2004, Landsbergis was elected by Lithuanian voters to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> in Brussels (the total number of MEPs from Lithuania in Brussels was 13), and has been returned at every election until 2014. </p><p>In 2005, Landsbergis became an international patron of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jackson_Society" title="Henry Jackson Society">Henry Jackson Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-patrons-2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patrons-2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2015 Landsbergis is together with Roswitha Fessler-Ketteler, MEP <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Hautala" title="Heidi Hautala">Heidi Hautala</a>, Aleksi Malmberg and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Schwalba-Hoth" title="Frank Schwalba-Hoth">Frank Schwalba-Hoth</a> member of the advisory board of the Caucasian Chamber Orchestra association and its German "Förderverein".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempt_to_ban_Communist_and_Nazi_insignia">Attempt to ban Communist and Nazi insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Attempt to ban Communist and Nazi insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-BLP_sources_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>needs additional <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable 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href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Vytautas+Landsbergis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Vytautas+Landsbergis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Vytautas+Landsbergis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Vytautas+Landsbergis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg/220px-2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg/330px-2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg/440px-2009_m._Respublikos_Prezidento_inauguracija_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Landsbergis with his wife during the inauguration of President <a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 2005, Landsbergis, backed by Member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> from Hungary <a href="/wiki/Jozsef_Szajer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozsef Szajer">Jozsef Szajer</a>, urged that Communist symbols be banned in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi symbols">Nazi symbols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Franco Frattini</a>, the European Commissioner of Justice and Internal Affairs, suggesting that in case the EU decides to ban <a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi symbols">Nazi symbols</a>, Communist symbols should be banned too. The Commissioner became interested in this proposal and said: <i>I am ready to join this discussion. The Communist dictatorships no less than the Nazi ones are responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of people</i>. A bit later, however, the Commissioner decided that he would not attempt to ban any symbols, as there was no agreement as to which symbols should be banned. </p><p>Landsbergis's proposal caused quite a stir in Italy, where leftists strongly protested such a move. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">Communist Refoundation Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Italian_Communists" title="Party of Italian Communists">Party of Italian Communists</a> were outraged at the proposal. It became the center of Italian media's attention. One of the most influential Italian dailies, <i>La Repubblica</i>, published an interview with Landsbergis outlining his proposal. It was the first time the daily allocated a full page to a politician from Lithuania. </p><p>Landsbergis's proposal found few supporters among Italian politicians. One was <a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Mussolini" title="Alessandra Mussolini">Alessandra Mussolini</a>, a granddaughter of former Italian fascist dictator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, who commented: "To implement the proposal of the Members of the European Parliament regarding Communist symbols is our moral duty". </p><p>Landsbergis's proposal was opposed by the Russian Parliament as well. The First Vicespeaker of the Russian <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> called the proposal "abnormal". Another Russian MP,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> a communist, commented that "somebody in Europe became insolent and forgot who saved them from the fascists". </p><p>The debate came to an end when, in the beginning of February 2005, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> rejected calls for a proposed Europe-wide ban on Nazi symbols to be extended to cover Communist Party symbols as well. Frattini said it would not be appropriate to include the <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> in a draft EU law on racism. </p><p>Finally, at the end of February 2005, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> dropped proposals to ban Nazi symbols across its 25 member states. Luxembourg withdrew the plan when it became clear that members could not reach a consensus on which symbols to ban. There were also concerns that the proposed ban was a threat to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>. </p><p>Landsbergis is a fierce critic of Russia's intentions to impose any kind of influence on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> and publicly questions Russia's actions vis-à-vis the Baltic States on both local and international media, as well as in the European Parliament. He warns that Russia might have intentions to control Lithuania and the other Baltic States economically and politically through a wide network of former <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> agents and other clandestine activities. Landsbergis is one of the most active politicians who urge Russia to compensate Lithuania and other post-Soviet republics for damage done to them during their occupations. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg/250px-0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg/375px-0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg/500px-0147_Konzert_und_Ausstellung_mit_Vytautas_Landsbergis_zum_Thema_Mikalojus_Konstantinas_Ciurlionis_%E2%80%93_Komponist_in_Sanok%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Vytautas Landsbergis plays piano in <a href="/wiki/Sanok" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanok">Sanok</a> (Poland) at Cultural Center salon, 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comments_on_Vilnius_street_and_memorial_renaming_controversy">Comments on Vilnius street and memorial renaming controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comments on Vilnius street and memorial renaming controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, Vilnius's mayor, <a href="/wiki/Remigijus_%C5%A0ima%C5%A1ius" title="Remigijus Šimašius">Remigijus Šimašius</a>, renamed a street that had been named after <a href="/wiki/Kazys_Skirpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazys Skirpa">Kazys Skirpa</a> (who formed the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Activist_Front" title="Lithuanian Activist Front">Lithuanian Activist Front</a>, which massacred Jews across Lithuania) and removed a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Noreika" title="Jonas Noreika">Jonas Noreika</a> (who ordered and oversaw the killings of Lithuanian Jews in <a href="/wiki/Plung%C4%97" title="Plungė">Plungė</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Plung%C4%97_massacre" title="Plungė massacre">Plungė massacre</a>). Landsbergis posted a poem on social media that referred to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> as a "<i>žydelka</i>" ("jew-girl"), and Faina Kukliansky, chair of the Jewish Community of Lithuania, condemned it.<sup id="cite_ref-en.delfi.lt_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.delfi.lt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landsbergis said the poem was an attempt to show the ignorance of Lithuanian antisemites and requested support from "at least one smart and brave Jew ... who does not agree with Simasius."<sup id="cite_ref-en.delfi.lt_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.delfi.lt-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition_as_the_head_of_state_of_Lithuania">Recognition as the head of state of Lithuania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recognition as the head of state of Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The question of whether V. Landsbergis should be officially acknowledged as the head of state of Lithuania from 1990 to 1992 has been polarising the Lithuanian public for many years. On 25 June 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Lithuanian Seimas</a> officially approved the bill regarding V. Landsbergis' recognition as the head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The bill is a symbol of respect and acknowledgement of a person who played a significant role in Lithuania’s history," the <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Seimas" title="List of speakers of the Seimas">Speaker of Seimas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktorija_%C4%8Cmilyt%C4%97-Nielsen" title="Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen">V. Čmilytė-Nielsen</a>, said.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition claimed that such a step was a "falsification of history" as the Provisional Constitution along with other historical records state that "[t]he functions of the head of state during the transitional period remain with the collegial Parliament body—the Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_%E2%80%93_Reconstituent_Seimas" title="Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas">Supreme Council of Lithuania</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter was a collective political entity consisting of 11 deputies possessing equal powers,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was disbanded on 22 November 1992, when the current <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lithuania" title="Constitution of Lithuania">Constitution of Lithuania</a> was adopted. The decision made by Seimas proved to be unpopular among the public. According to one survey done by <i><a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_rytas" title="Lietuvos rytas">Lietuvos rytas</a></i>, 68% of respondents disagree with such an initiative with 42% of them believing that it is baseless and 26% doubting its validity. On 30 June 2022, Vytautas Landsbergis was officially recognized as the first post-soviet Lithuania's head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Should I be congratulated? I don't know... Lithuania is the one that should be congratulated more as it is finally on a par with <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. Estonia has already sorted it out in a way that <a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a> was <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President</a> since March of 1990," V. Landsbergis commented.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition threatened to renounce Landsbergis' status as the head of state in the <a href="/wiki/2024_Lithuanian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Lithuanian parliamentary election">next parliamentary elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/220px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/330px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg/440px-Landsbergis_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Landsbergis in 2023</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Visas Čiurlionis</i>, 2008.</li> <li><i>Karaliaučius ir Lietuva : nuostatos ir idėjos</i>, 2003.</li> <li><i>Pusbrolis Motiejus : knyga apie Stasį Lozoraitį iš jo laiškų ir pasisakymų</i>, 2002.</li> <li><i>Sunki laisvė : 1991 m. ruduo – 1992 m. ruduo</i>, 2000.</li> <li><i>Landsbergis aria</i>, 1997.</li> <li><i>Lūžis prie Baltijos : politinė autobiografija</i>, 1997.</li> <li><i>Čiurlionio muzika</i>, 1996.</li> <li><i>Tėvynės valanda</i>, 1993.</li> <li><i>Atgavę viltį : pertvarkos tekstų knygelė</i>, 1990.</li> <li><i>Sonatos ir fugos / <a href="/wiki/M.K._%C4%8Ciurlionis" class="mw-redirect" title="M.K. Čiurlionis">M.K. Čiurlionis</a></i> [editor], 1980.</li> <li><i>Čiurlionio dailė</i>, 1976.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_honours">National honours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: National honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: Former Grand Master Grand Cross with Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vytautas_the_Great" title="Order of Vytautas the Great">Order of Vytautas the Great</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: Former Grand Master Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Vytis" title="Order of the Cross of Vytis">Order of the Cross of Vytis</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: Former Grand Master Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Lithuanian_Grand_Duke_Gediminas" title="Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas">Order of Grand Duke Gediminas</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foreign honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: Grand Cross with Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana" title="Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana">Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legion_of_Honour_(18th_Nov_2016)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legion of Honour (18th Nov 2016) (page does not exist)">Order of the Legion of Honour</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_La_Pl%C3%A9iade" title="Order of La Pléiade">Order of La Pléiade</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Saxony.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4chsische_Verfassungsmedaille" title="Sächsische Verfassungsmedaille">Saxon Constitutional Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Honour_(Greece)" title="Order of Honour (Greece)">Order of Honour</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Three_Stars" title="Order of the Three Stars">Order of the Three Stars</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Luxembourg" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg">European Medal of Merit</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of Obedience of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Order_of_Merit" title="Royal Norwegian Order of Merit">Royal Norwegian Order of Merit</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland">Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Romania">Romanian Royal Family</a>: Extra Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Crown (Romania)">Order of the Crown</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Foreign Awards</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_(parliamentary_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="European People's Party (parliamentary group)">European People's Party</a>: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman_Medal,_EPP_Group" title="Robert Schuman Medal, EPP Group">Robert Schuman Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: Foundation du Futur Award<sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Awards_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ehlers" title="Hermann Ehlers">Hermann Ehlers Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Awards_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Vibo Valentia Testimony Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Norwegian People's Peace Prize<sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Awards_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gusi_Peace_Prize" title="Gusi Peace Prize">Gusi Peace Prize</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Ramon_Llull" title="Fundació Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull International Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">Medal for Contribution in Democracy and the Fight for Human Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial_Foundation" title="Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation">Presidents Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Foundation" title="International Freedom Foundation">International Freedom Foundation Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-HonoursAndAwards_17-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HonoursAndAwards-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honorary_doctorates">Honorary doctorates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honorary doctorates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Landsbergis has received honorary doctorates from the following institutions: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">Loyola University</a>, Chicago (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Magnus_University" title="Vytautas Magnus University">Vytautas Magnus University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Weber_State_University" title="Weber State University">Weber State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Utah" title="Ogden, Utah">Ogden, Utah</a> 1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a> (1992)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Gediminas_Technical_University" title="Vilnius Gediminas Technical University">Vilnius Gediminas Technical University</a> (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_University" title="Vilnius University">University of Law</a> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki University">Helsinki University</a> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Academy_of_Arts" title="Vilnius Academy of Arts">Art Academy</a> (2003)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of Lithuania">List of presidents of Lithuania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Landsbergis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209014215/http://www.praguedeclaration.org/">"Prague Declaration – Declaration Text"</a>. 3 June 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.praguedeclaration.org/">the original</a> on 9 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prague+Declaration+%E2%80%93+Declaration+Text&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.praguedeclaration.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610171747/http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/about/internationaladvisors.php">"International Advisory Council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Victims_of_Communism_Memorial_Foundation" title="Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation">Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/about/internationaladvisors.php">the original</a> on 10 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Advisory+Council&rft.pub=Victims+of+Communism+Memorial+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victimsofcommunism.org%2Fabout%2Finternationaladvisors.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4045316&ind=0">"The Righteous Among the Nations Database: Petkevičius Tadas & Petkevičienė Julija (Jablonskytė)"</a>. 15 January 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Righteous+Among+the+Nations+Database%3A+Petkevi%C4%8Dius+Tadas+%26+Petkevi%C4%8Dien%C4%97+Julija+%28Jablonskyt%C4%97%29&rft.date=2001-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frighteous.yadvashem.org%2F%3FsearchType%3Drighteous_only%26language%3Den%26itemId%3D4045316%26ind%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4016001&ind=0">"The Righteous Among the Nations Database: Landsbergienė Ona"</a>. 3 August 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Righteous+Among+the+Nations+Database%3A+Landsbergien%C4%97+Ona&rft.date=1995-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frighteous.yadvashem.org%2F%3FsearchType%3Drighteous_only%26language%3Den%26itemId%3D4016001%26ind%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUogelė1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Uogelė, Anicetas (1999). <i>Mano šachmatai</i> (in Lithuanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mano+%C5%A1achmatai&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Uogel%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Anicetas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/salies-pulsas/anapilin-iskeliavo-v-landsbergio-zmona-g-rucyte-landsbergiene-956613">"Anapilin iškeliavo V. Landsbergio žmona G. 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Henry Jackson Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope06.v.servelocity.net/hjs/patrons_html">the original</a> on 30 April 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Patrons+of+The+Henry+Jackson+Society&rft.pub=Henry+Jackson+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope06.v.servelocity.net%2Fhjs%2Fpatrons_html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFa._Solis_Musikverlag_&_Produktion_e.K.2017" class="citation web cs1">Fa. Solis Musikverlag & Produktion e.K. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caucasianco.com&rft.atitle=advisory+board+%E2%80%93+Causasian+Chamber+Orchestra&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft.au=Fa.+Solis+Musikverlag+%26+Produktion+e.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caucasianco.com%2F12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/11858/">"Estonian MEP supports ban of communist symbols"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltictimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltictimes.com">baltictimes.com</a></i>. 26 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baltictimes.com&rft.atitle=Estonian+MEP+supports+ban+of+communist+symbols&rft.date=2005-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F11858%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.delfi.lt-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en.delfi.lt_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.delfi.lt_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Landsbergis about Jewish community leader: she has no clue what she's doing, delfi, 7 August 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.delfi.lt/politics/landsbergis-about-jewish-community-leader-she-has-no-clue-what-shes-doing.d?id=81929591">https://en.delfi.lt/politics/landsbergis-about-jewish-community-leader-she-has-no-clue-what-shes-doing.d?id=81929591</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankūnė2022" class="citation web cs1">Pankūnė, Dainora (30 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/po-audringu-kalbu-pateikimo-stadijoje-seimas-pritare-vytauto-landsbergio-pripazinimui-valstybes-vadovu-opozicija-kaltino-siekiu-perrasyti-istorija.d?id=87591229">"Po audringų kalbų pateikimo stadijoje Seimas pritarė Vytauto Landsbergio pripažinimui valstybės vadovu: opozicija kaltino siekiu perrašyti istoriją (in Lithuanian)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi&rft.atitle=Po+audring%C5%B3+kalb%C5%B3+pateikimo+stadijoje+Seimas+pritar%C4%97+Vytauto+Landsbergio+pripa%C5%BEinimui+valstyb%C4%97s+vadovu%3A+opozicija+kaltino+siekiu+perra%C5%A1yti+istorij%C4%85+%28in+Lithuanian%29&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.aulast=Pank%C5%ABn%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Dainora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fnews%2Fdaily%2Flithuania%2Fpo-audringu-kalbu-pateikimo-stadijoje-seimas-pritare-vytauto-landsbergio-pripazinimui-valstybes-vadovu-opozicija-kaltino-siekiu-perrasyti-istorija.d%3Fid%3D87591229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Przemysław, Kierończyk. ''Provisional Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (1990), as an example of transitional regulation between a socialist and a democratic state'', p. 126. <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankauskasMaksimaitis" class="citation web cs1">Jankauskas, Kęstutis; Maksimaitis, Mindaugas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-konstitucijos/">"Lietuvos konstitucijos [Lithuanian Constitutions] (in Lithuanian)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Lithuanian_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia">Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Universal+Lithuanian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Lietuvos+konstitucijos+%5BLithuanian+Constitutions%5D+%28in+Lithuanian%29&rft.aulast=Jankauskas&rft.aufirst=K%C4%99stutis&rft.au=Maksimaitis%2C+Mindaugas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Flietuvos-konstitucijos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/en/politics/vytautas-landsbergis-recognized-as-lithuanias-1st-post-independence-head-of-state.d?id=90626025">"Vytautas Landsbergis recognized as Lithuania's 1st post-independence head of state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi&rft.atitle=Vytautas+Landsbergis+recognized+as+Lithuania%27s+1st+post-independence+head+of+state&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.delfi.lt%2Fen%2Fpolitics%2Fvytautas-landsbergis-recognized-as-lithuanias-1st-post-independence-head-of-state.d%3Fid%3D90626025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZicari2022" class="citation web cs1">Zicari, Eglė (30 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/valstybes-vadovu-pripazintas-vytautas-landsbergis-sveikinti-reikia-ne-mane-o-lietuva-56-1743690">"Valstybės vadovu pripažintas Vytautas Landsbergis: sveikinti reikia ne mane, o Lietuvą (in Lithuanian)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi&rft.atitle=Valstyb%C4%97s+vadovu+pripa%C5%BEintas+Vytautas+Landsbergis%3A+sveikinti+reikia+ne+mane%2C+o+Lietuv%C4%85+%28in+Lithuanian%29&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.aulast=Zicari&rft.aufirst=Egl%C4%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.15min.lt%2Fnaujiena%2Faktualu%2Flietuva%2Fvalstybes-vadovu-pripazintas-vytautas-landsbergis-sveikinti-reikia-ne-mane-o-lietuva-56-1743690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVytautas+Landsbergis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunalas2022" class="citation web cs1">Brunalas, Benas (30 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diena.lt/naujienos/lietuva/politika/opozicija-grasina-po-kitu-seimo-rinkimu-atsaukti-v-landsbergiui-suteikta-valstybes-vadovo-statusa-1085103">"Opozicija grasina po kitų Seimo rinkimų atšaukti V. 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President Valdas Adamkus was granted a name of Honorary Member of MOPT"</a>. <i>Maltieciai.lt</i>. 20 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Lithuania">Leaders of Lithuania</a> since 1919</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents <span class="nobold">(1919–1940)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Stulginskis" title="Aleksandras Stulginskis">Aleksandras Stulginskis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazys_Grinius" title="Kazys Grinius">Kazys Grinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Staugaitis" title="Jonas Staugaitis">Jonas Staugaitis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Stulginskis" title="Aleksandras Stulginskis">Aleksandras Stulginskis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Merkys" title="Antanas Merkys">Antanas Merkys</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justas_Paleckis" title="Justas Paleckis">Justas Paleckis</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jonas_%C5%BDemaitis" title="Jonas Žemaitis">Jonas Žemaitis</a></i><sup>4</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">LKP</a> First Secretaries<span class="nobold"><sup>2</sup></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Snie%C4%8Dkus" title="Antanas Sniečkus">Antanas Sniečkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petras_Gri%C5%A1kevi%C4%8Dius" title="Petras Griškevičius">Petras Griškevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringaudas_Songaila" title="Ringaudas Songaila">Ringaudas Songaila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents <span class="nobold">(since 1990)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vytautas Landsbergis</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Algirdas Brazauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdas_Adamkus" title="Valdas Adamkus">Valdas Adamkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolandas_Paksas" title="Rolandas Paksas">Rolandas Paksas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art%C5%ABras_Paulauskas" title="Artūras Paulauskas">Artūras Paulauskas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdas_Adamkus" title="Valdas Adamkus">Valdas Adamkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Grybauskait%C4%97" title="Dalia Grybauskaitė">Dalia Grybauskaitė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Not recognized as a legitimate president</li> <li><sup>2</sup> <i>De facto</i> heads of state; <i>de jure</i> heads of state were Chairmen of the Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR">Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Was head of state, but not recognized as president</li> <li><sup>4</sup> Posthumously recognized in March 2009</li> <li><i>Italics</i> denote acting leaders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signatories_of_the_Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Signatories_of_the_Act_of_11_March" title="Template:Signatories of the Act of 11 March"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Signatories_of_the_Act_of_11_March" title="Template talk:Signatories of the Act of 11 March"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Signatories_of_the_Act_of_11_March" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Signatories of the Act of 11 March"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signatories_of_the_Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Signatory">Signatories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Abi%C5%A1ala" title="Aleksandras Abišala">Abišala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povilas_Aksomaitis" title="Povilas Aksomaitis">Aksomaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijol%C4%97_Ambrazaityt%C4%97" title="Nijolė Ambrazaitytė">Ambrazaitytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandras_Ambrazevi%C4%8Dius" title="Aleksandras Ambrazevičius">Ambrazevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laima_Andrikien%C4%97" title="Laima Andrikienė">Andrikienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irena_Andriukaitien%C4%97" title="Irena Andriukaitienė">Andriukaitienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytenis_Andriukaitis" title="Vytenis Andriukaitis">Andriukaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Antanavi%C4%8Dius_(economist)" title="Kazimieras Antanavičius (economist)">Antanavičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonas_Ap%C5%A1ega" title="Leonas Apšega">Apšega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolas_Arlauskas" title="Mykolas Arlauskas">Arlauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimantas_Astrauskas" title="Rimantas Astrauskas">Astrauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbignev_Balcevi%C4%8D" title="Zbignev Balcevič">Balcevič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilius_Baldi%C5%A1is" title="Vilius Baldišis">Baldišis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Beinortas" title="Julius Beinortas">Beinortas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimiras_Beriozovas" title="Vladimiras Beriozovas">Beriozovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidijus_Bi%C4%8Dkauskas" title="Egidijus Bičkauskas">Bičkauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas" title="Algirdas Brazauskas">Brazauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrius_Butkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Audrius Butkevičius">Butkevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilijus_%C4%8Cepaitis" title="Virgilijus Čepaitis">Čepaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medardas_%C4%8Cobotas" title="Medardas Čobotas">Čobotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C5%ABnas_Degutis" title="Arūnas Degutis">Degutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Dringelis" title="Juozas Dringelis">Dringelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Endriukaitis" title="Algirdas Endriukaitis">Endriukaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balys_Gajauskas" title="Balys Gajauskas">Gajauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenijus_Gentvilas" title="Eugenijus Gentvilas">Gentvilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronislovas_Genzelis" title="Bronislovas Genzelis">Genzelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miglut%C4%97_Gerdaityt%C4%97" title="Miglutė Gerdaitytė">Gerdaitytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petras_Giniotas" title="Petras Giniotas">Giniotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Glaveckas" title="Kęstutis Glaveckas">Glaveckas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eimantas_Grakauskas" title="Eimantas Grakauskas">Grakauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Grinius" title="Kęstutis Grinius">Grinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincas_Ramutis_Gudaitis" title="Vincas Ramutis Gudaitis">Gudaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romualda_Hofertien%C4%97" title="Romualda Hofertienė">Hofertienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Ie%C5%A1mantas" title="Gintautas Iešmantas">Iešmantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Gediminas_Ilg%C5%ABnas" title="Stanislovas Gediminas Ilgūnas">Ilgūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albinas_Janu%C5%A1ka" title="Albinas Januška">Januška</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidijus_Jara%C5%A1i%C5%ABnas" title="Egidijus Jarašiūnas">Jarašiūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Jarmolenko" title="Vladimir Jarmolenko">Jarmolenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidmant%C4%97_Jasukaityt%C4%97" title="Vidmantė Jasukaitytė">Jasukaitytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_Juknevi%C4%8Dien%C4%97" title="Rasa Juknevičienė">Juknevičienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenonas_Juknevi%C4%8Dius" title="Zenonas Juknevičius">Juknevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurgis_Jurgelis" title="Jurgis Jurgelis">Jurgelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslovas_Jur%C5%A1%C4%97nas" title="Česlovas Juršėnas">Juršėnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilijus_Ka%C4%8Dinskas" title="Virgilijus Kačinskas">Kačinskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Karoblis" title="Antanas Karoblis">Karoblis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Karvelis" title="Juozas Karvelis">Karvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdemaras_Katkus" title="Valdemaras Katkus">Katkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidijus_Klumbys" title="Egidijus Klumbys">Klumbys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Kolesnikovas" title="Vytautas Kolesnikovas">Kolesnikovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasys_Kropas" title="Stasys Kropas">Kropas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslovas_Kudaba" title="Česlovas Kudaba">Kudaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Kum%C5%BEa" title="Algirdas Kumža">Kumža</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronius_Kuzmickas" title="Bronius Kuzmickas">Kuzmickas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Lapinskas" title="Kęstutis Lapinskas">Lapinskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%8Dys_Laurinkus" title="Mečys Laurinkus">Laurinkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvydas_Kostas_Le%C5%A1%C4%8Dinskas" title="Arvydas Kostas Leščinskas">Leščinskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Liau%C4%8Dius" title="Jonas Liaučius">Liaučius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronislovas_Lubys" title="Bronislovas Lubys">Lubys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Ma%C4%8Dys" title="Jonas Mačys">Mačys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasys_Malkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Stasys Malkevičius">Malkevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonas_Mil%C4%8Dius" title="Leonas Milčius">Milčius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jok%C5%ABbas_Minkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Jokūbas Minkevičius">Minkevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertas_Mi%C5%A1kinis" title="Albertas Miškinis">Miškinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donatas_Mork%C5%ABnas" title="Donatas Morkūnas">Morkūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Motieka" title="Kazimieras Motieka">Motieka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Nedzinskien%C4%97" title="Birutė Nedzinskienė">Nedzinskienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algimantas_Norvilas" title="Algimantas Norvilas">Norvilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslav_Okin%C4%8Dic" title="Česlav Okinčic">Okinčic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijol%C4%97_O%C5%BEelyt%C4%97-Vaitiek%C5%ABnien%C4%97" title="Nijolė Oželytė-Vaitiekūnienė">Oželytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romualdas_Ozolas" title="Romualdas Ozolas">Ozolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justas_Vincas_Paleckis" title="Justas Vincas Paleckis">Paleckis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Pali%C5%ABnas" title="Vytautas Paliūnas">Paliūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Pangonis" title="Jonas Pangonis">Pangonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Vaclovas_Patackas" title="Algirdas Vaclovas Patackas">Patackas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolandas_Paulauskas" title="Rolandas Paulauskas">Paulauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulius_Pe%C4%8Deli%C5%ABnas" title="Saulius Pečeliūnas">Pečeliūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenijus_Petrovas" title="Eugenijus Petrovas">Petrovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginijus_Pikturna" title="Virginijus Pikturna">Pikturna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Petras_Ple%C4%8Dkaitis" title="Vytautas Petras Plečkaitis">Plečkaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petras_Po%C5%A1kus" title="Petras Poškus">Poškus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidmantas_Povilionis" title="Vidmantas Povilionis">Povilionis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Prapiestis" title="Jonas Prapiestis">Prapiestis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimira_Prunskien%C4%97" title="Kazimira Prunskienė">Prunskienė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Adolfas_Puplauskas" title="Vytautas Adolfas Puplauskas">Puplauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Ra%C4%8Das" title="Antanas Račas">Račas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gintaras_Ramonas" title="Gintaras Ramonas">Ramonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudvikas_Narcizas_Rasimavi%C4%8Dius" title="Liudvikas Narcizas Rasimavičius">Rasimavičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Ra%C5%BEauskas" title="Algirdas Ražauskas">Ražauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudvikas_Saulius_Razma" title="Liudvikas Saulius Razma">Razma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99stutis_Rimkus" title="Kęstutis Rimkus">Rimkus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrius_Rudys" title="Audrius Rudys">Rudys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romualdas_Rudzys" title="Romualdas Rudzys">Rudzys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benediktas_Vilmantas_Rupeika" title="Benediktas Vilmantas Rupeika">Rupeika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudvikas_Sabutis" title="Liudvikas Sabutis">Sabutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerijonas_%C5%A0adreika" title="Valerijonas Šadreika">Šadreika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Saja" title="Kazimieras Saja">Saja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloyzas_Sakalas" title="Aloyzas Sakalas">Sakalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulius_%C5%A0altenis" title="Saulius Šaltenis">Šaltenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Saudargas" title="Algirdas Saudargas">Saudargas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algimantas_S%C4%97j%C5%ABnas" title="Algimantas Sėjūnas">Sėjūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionginas_%C5%A0epetys" title="Lionginas Šepetys">Šepetys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gediminas_%C5%A0erk%C5%A1nys" title="Gediminas Šerkšnys">Šerkšnys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertas_%C5%A0im%C4%97nas" title="Albertas Šimėnas">Šimėnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_%C5%A0im%C4%97nas" title="Jonas Šimėnas">Šimėnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liudvikas_Simutis" title="Liudvikas Simutis">Simutis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceslovas_Vytautas_Stankevi%C4%8Dius" class="mw-redirect" title="Česlovas Vytautas Stankevičius">Stankevičius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimvydas_Raimondas_Survila" title="Rimvydas Raimondas Survila">Survila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Tamulis" title="Jonas Tamulis">Tamulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurimas_Taurantas" title="Aurimas Taurantas">Taurantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladas_Terleckas" title="Vladas Terleckas">Terleckas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranci%C5%A1kus_Tupikas" title="Pranciškus Tupikas">Tupikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algimantas_Vincas_Ulba" title="Algimantas Vincas Ulba">Ulba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimieras_Uoka" title="Kazimieras Uoka">Uoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gediminas_Vagnorius" title="Gediminas Vagnorius">Vagnorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigmas_Vai%C5%A1vila" title="Zigmas Vaišvila">Vaišvila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petras_Vaitiek%C5%ABnas" title="Petras Vaitiekūnas">Vaitiekūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimvydas_Valatka" title="Rimvydas Valatka">Valatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Valionyt%C4%97" title="Birutė Valionytė">Valionytė</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povilas_Varanauskas" title="Povilas Varanauskas">Varanauskas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardas_Vilkas" title="Eduardas Vilkas">Vilkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuelis_Zingeris" title="Emanuelis Zingeris">Zingeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsas_%C5%BDalys" title="Alfonsas Žalys">Žalys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidmantas_%C5%BDiemelis" title="Vidmantas Žiemelis">Žiemelis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Restoration_of_the_independence_of_the_Baltic_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Template:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Template talk:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Restoration of Baltic independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Restoration_of_the_independence_of_the_Baltic_states" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Restoration of the independence of the Baltic states</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Armed struggle</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> (1944–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lithuanian_Freedom_Fighters" title="Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters">Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a> (1949–55)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Sabbe" title="August Sabbe">August Sabbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_P%C4%ABnups" title="Jānis Pīnups">Jānis Pīnups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranas_Kon%C4%8Dius" title="Pranas Končius">Pranas Končius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Luk%C5%A1a" title="Juozas Lukša">Juozas Lukša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfas_Ramanauskas" title="Adolfas Ramanauskas">Adolfas Ramanauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Soviet dissident era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Helsinki_Group" title="Lithuanian Helsinki Group">Lithuanian Helsinki Group</a> (1977–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Liberty_League" title="Lithuanian Liberty League">Lithuanian Liberty League</a> (1978–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Appeal" title="Baltic Appeal">Baltic Appeal</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_40_Intellectuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter of 40 Intellectuals">Letter of 40 Intellectuals</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite_War" title="Phosphorite War">Phosphorite War</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRP-AEG" title="MRP-AEG">MRP-AEG</a> (1987–88)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun%C4%81rs_Astra" title="Gunārs Astra">Gunārs Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romas_Kalanta" title="Romas Kalanta">Romas Kalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Kukk" title="Jüri Kukk">Jüri Kukk</a></li> <li>Tiit Madisson</li> <li>Mart Niklus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagle_Parek" title="Lagle Parek">Lagle Parek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enn_Tarto" title="Enn Tarto">Enn Tarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Venclova" title="Tomas Venclova">Tomas Venclova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political activism era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusliku_S%C3%B5ltumatuse_Partei" class="mw-redirect" title="Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei">ERSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahvarinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvarinne">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Citizens%27_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Citizens' Committee">Estonian Citizens' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Estonia" title="Congress of Estonia">Congress of Estonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunne_Kelam" title="Tunne Kelam">Tunne Kelam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri">Lennart Meri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirvepark_meeting" title="Hirvepark meeting">Hirvepark meeting</a> (1987)</li> <li>Night Song Festivals (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo_Mattiisen" title="Alo Mattiisen">Alo Mattiisen</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Baltics_Are_Waking_Up" title="The Baltics Are Waking Up">The Baltics Are Waking Up</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key decisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Final confrontations</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January 1991 events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1991_events_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1991 events in Latvia">January 1991 events in Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-independence crises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pullap%C3%A4%C3%A4_crisis" title="Pullapää crisis">Pullapää crisis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_the_Volunteers" title="Coup of the Volunteers">Coup of the Volunteers</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Revolutions_of_1989" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fall_of_Communism" title="Template talk:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fall_of_Communism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fall of Communism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revolutions_of_1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Internal<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_communist_party_rule" title="Criticism of communist party rule">Criticism of communist party rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_politics" title="Eastern Bloc politics">Eastern Bloc politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Eastern Bloc media and propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_Eastern_Bloc" title="Emigration from the Eastern Bloc">Emigration from the Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatura" title="Nomenklatura">Nomenklatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortage_economy" title="Shortage economy">Shortage economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe">Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">International<br />background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states" title="List of socialist states">List of socialist states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union">Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Empire">Soviet Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism and the Soviet Union">Terrorism and the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Vatican Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uskorenie" title="Uskorenie">Uskorenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demokratizatsiya_(Soviet_Union)" title="Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)">Demokratizatsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khozraschyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Khozraschyot">Khozraschyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Days_Program" title="500 Days Program">500 Days Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_political_thinking" title="New political thinking">New political thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_Doctrine" title="Sinatra Doctrine">Sinatra Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Chinese economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%95i_M%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Đổi Mới">Đổi Mới</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Government<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Gr%C3%B3sz" title="Károly Grósz">Károly Grósz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1" title="Miloš Jakeš">Miloš Jakeš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_K%C3%A9r%C3%A9kou" title="Mathieu Kérékou">Mathieu Kérékou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heng_Samrin" title="Heng Samrin">Heng Samrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" title="Todor Zhivkov">Todor Zhivkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">Civil resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_chain_(politics)" title="Human chain (politics)">Human chains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitizdat" title="Magnitizdat">Magnitizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_underground_press" title="Polish underground press">Polish underground press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">Political demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Gang" title="Liu Gang">Liu Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27erkaixi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu'erkaixi">Wu'erkaixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chai_Ling" title="Chai Ling">Chai Ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dan_(dissident)" title="Wang Dan (dissident)">Wang Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Congde" title="Feng Congde">Feng Congde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Man" title="Tank Man">Tank Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sali_Berisha" title="Sali Berisha">Sali Berisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaas%C3%BCrengiin_Zorig" title="Sanjaasürengiin Zorig">Sanjaasürengiin Zorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bukovsky" title="Vladimir Bukovsky">Vladimir Bukovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Chornovil" title="Viacheslav Chornovil">Viacheslav Chornovil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zianon_Pazniak" title="Zianon Pazniak">Zianon Pazniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhelyu_Zhelev" title="Zhelyu Zhelev">Zhelyu Zhelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles Zenawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Opposition<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Students%27_Autonomous_Federation" title="Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation">Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_77" title="Charter 77">Charter 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Forum" title="New Forum">New Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">Civic Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Russia" title="Democratic Russia">Democratic Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights" title="Initiative for Peace and Human Rights">Initiative for Peace and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Estonia" title="Popular Front of Estonia">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Against_Violence" title="Public Against Violence">Public Against Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Popular_Front" title="Belarusian Popular Front">Belarusian Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastokhez" title="Rastokhez">Rastokhez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-regional_Deputies_Group" title="Inter-regional Deputies Group">Inter-regional Deputies Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Forum" title="Hungarian Democratic Forum">Hungarian Democratic Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Events<br />by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Central and<br />Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria#End_of_the_People's_Republic" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_communism_in_Hungary" title="End of communism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)#Final_decade_of_the_Polish_People's_Republic_(1980–1989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Soviet Union</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Armenian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Armenian independence referendum">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_independence_referendum" title="1991 Azerbaijani independence referendum">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Revolution" title="Chechen Revolution">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Georgian independence referendum">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyrgyzstan#Towards_independence:_1985-1991" title="History of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Moldova" title="Independence of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="History of the Russian Federation">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Revolution" title="Tajikistani Revolution">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkmen_independence_referendum" title="1991 Turkmen independence referendum">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%931991_Ukrainian_revolution" title="1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Uzbek_independence_election" title="1991 Uzbek independence election">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicesse_Accords" title="Bicesse Accords">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin#Dissolution" title="People's Republic of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Paris_Peace_Agreements" title="1991 Paris Peace Agreements">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo#Transition" title="People's Republic of the Congo">Congo-Brazzaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Derg_regime" title="Fall of the Derg regime">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War#Transition_to_peace" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">South Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Individual<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeltoqsan" title="Jeltoqsan">Jeltoqsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_Tibetan_unrest" title="1987–1989 Tibetan unrest">1987–1989 Tibetan unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9_tragedy" title="April 9 tragedy">April 9 tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_Hungary%27s_border_fence_with_Austria" title="Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria">Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Round_Table_Talks" title="Hungarian Round Table Talks">Hungarian Round Table Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Picnic" title="Pan-European Picnic">Pan-European Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monday_demonstrations_in_East_Germany" title="Monday demonstrations in East Germany">Monday Demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz_demonstration" title="Alexanderplatz demonstration">Alexanderplatz demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Summit" title="Malta Summit">Malta Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Summit_(1990)" title="Helsinki Summit (1990)">Helsinki Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_on_Granite" title="Revolution on Granite">Revolution on Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January Events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">January Events in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_protests_in_Belgrade" title="1991 protests in Belgrade">1991 protests in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Belarusian_strikes" title="1991 Belarusian strikes">1991 Belarusian strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact#End_of_the_Cold_War" title="Warsaw Pact">Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">August Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Later events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decommunization" title="Decommunization">Decommunization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustration" title="Lustration">Lustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization">Economic liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Human rights in the Soviet Union">Human rights in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lithuania&#124;link=Lithuania_Recipients_of_the_Lithuanian_National_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuanian_National_Culture_and_Arts" title="Template:Lithuanian National Culture and Arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuanian_National_Culture_and_Arts" title="Template talk:Lithuanian National Culture and Arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_National_Culture_and_Arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian National Culture and Arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lithuania&#124;link=Lithuania_Recipients_of_the_Lithuanian_National_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Recipients_of_the_Lithuanian_National_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize">Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">1989–1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Ju%C5%A1kaitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Juškaitis (page does not exist)">J. Juškaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_Martinaitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Martinaitis (page does not exist)">A. Martinaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Sauka" title="Šarūnas Sauka">Š. Sauka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelijus_Matuzevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelijus Matuzevičius (page does not exist)">K. Matuzevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henrikas_%C5%A0ablevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henrikas Šablevičius (page does not exist)">H. Šablevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Ciurlionis_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čiurlionis Quartet (page does not exist)">Čiurlionis Quartet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Tankevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Tankevičius (page does not exist)">J. Tankevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darius_Dik%C5%A1aitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darius Dikšaitis (page does not exist)">D. Dikšaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gediminas_Da%C4%8Dinskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gediminas Dačinskas (page does not exist)">G. Dačinskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saulius_Lip%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saulius Lipčius (page does not exist)">S. Lipčius</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Juzeli%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Juzeliūnas (page does not exist)">J. Juzeliūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kazys_Napoleonas_Kitkauskas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazys Napoleonas Kitkauskas">K.N. Kitkauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_Steponavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Steponavičius (page does not exist)">A. Steponavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zita_%C5%BDemaityt%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zita Žemaitytė (page does not exist)">Z. Žemaitytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romualdas_Po%C5%BEerskis" title="Romualdas Požerskis">R. Požerskis</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Blo%C5%BE%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Bložė (page does not exist)">V. Bložė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeronimas_Ka%C4%8Dinskas" title="Jeronimas Kačinskas">J. Kačinskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gediminas_Karalius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gediminas Karalius (page does not exist)">G. Karalius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronius_Radzevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronius Radzevičius (page does not exist)">B. Radzevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povilas_Ri%C4%8Dardas_Vaitek%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povilas Ričardas Vaitekūnas (page does not exist)">P.R. Vaitekūnas</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valentinas_Antanavi%C4%8Dius" title="Valentinas Antanavičius">V. Antanavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kazys_Brad%C5%ABnas" title="Kazys Bradūnas">K. Bradūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladas_Dr%C4%97ma" title="Vladas Drėma">V. Drėma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petras_Geniu%C5%A1as" title="Petras Geniušas">P. Geniušas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arvydas_%C5%A0liogeris" title="Arvydas Šliogeris">A. Šliogeris</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petras_Bingelis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petras Bingelis (page does not exist)">P. Bingelis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktorija_Daujotyt%C4%97" title="Viktorija Daujotytė">V. Daujotytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Kavolis" title="Vytautas Kavolis">V. Kavolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Ka%C5%A1uba" title="Vytautas Kašuba">V. Kašuba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laimonas_Noreika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laimonas Noreika (page does not exist)">L. Noreika</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">1994–1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sigitas_Geda" title="Sigitas Geda">S. Geda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gintaras_Rinkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Gintaras Rinkevičius">G. Rinkevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_Dovyd%C4%97nas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Dovydėnas (page does not exist)">A. Dovydėnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regimantas_Midvikis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regimantas Midvikis (page does not exist)">R. Midvikis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_%C5%BDebrauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Žebrauskas (page does not exist)">A. Žebrauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ri%C4%8Dardas_Kri%C5%A1tapavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ričardas Krištapavičius (page does not exist)">R. Krištapavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C5%ABnas_Sakalauskas_(1952)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arūnas Sakalauskas (1952) (page does not exist)">A. Sakalauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rimas_Tuminas" title="Rimas Tuminas">R. Tuminas</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandras_Macijauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandras Macijauskas (page does not exist)">A. Macijauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimundas_Katilius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimundas Katilius (page does not exist)">R. Katilius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bronius_Kutavi%C4%8Dius" title="Bronius Kutavičius">B. Kutavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_Petrulis" title="Algirdas Petrulis">A. Petrulis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_%C5%A0erys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Šerys (page does not exist)">V. Šerys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Mekas" title="Jonas Mekas">J. Mekas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antanas_Rub%C5%A1ys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antanas Rubšys (page does not exist)">A. Rubšys</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Osvaldas_Balakauskas" title="Osvaldas Balakauskas">O. Balakauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Kuzma" title="Stanislovas Kuzma">S. Kuzma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentinas_Masalskis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentinas Masalskis (page does not exist)">V. Masalskis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimiras_Prudnikovas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimiras Prudnikovas (page does not exist)">V. Prudnikovas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Strielk%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Strielkūnas (page does not exist)">J. Strielkūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egl%C4%97_%C5%A0pokait%C4%97" title="Eglė Špokaitė">E. Špokaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Valius" title="Vytautas Valius">V. Valius</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsas_Nyka-Nili%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas (page does not exist)">A. Nyka-Niliūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onut%C4%97_Narbutait%C4%97" title="Onutė Narbutaitė">O. Narbutaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petras_Rep%C5%A1ys" title="Petras Repšys">P. Repšys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juozas_Erlickas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juozas Erlickas (page does not exist)">J. Erlickas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolijus_%C5%A0enderovas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatolijus Šenderovas (page does not exist)">A. Šenderovas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABta_Ibelgauptien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rūta Ibelgauptienė (page does not exist)">R. Ibelgauptienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zbignevas_Ibelgauptas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zbignevas Ibelgauptas (page does not exist)">Z. Ibelgauptas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eimuntas_Nekro%C5%A1ius" title="Eimuntas Nekrošius">E. Nekrošius</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vidmantas_Bartulis" title="Vidmantas Bartulis">V. Bartulis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Feliksas_Jakubauskas" title="Feliksas Jakubauskas">F. Jakubauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algimantas_Kun%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algimantas Kunčius (page does not exist)">A. Kunčius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marcelijus_Martinaitis" title="Marcelijus Martinaitis">M. Martinaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatas_Sauka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatas Sauka (page does not exist)">D. Sauka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aldona_Jonu%C5%A1kait%C4%97-%C5%A0altenien%C4%97" title="Aldona Jonuškaitė-Šaltenienė">A. Šaltenienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfredas_Bumblauskas" title="Alfredas Bumblauskas">A. Bumblauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algimantas_Galinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algimantas Galinis (page does not exist)">A. Galinis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edvardas_Gudavi%C4%8Dius" title="Edvardas Gudavičius">E. Gudavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertas_%C5%BDostautas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albertas Žostautas (page does not exist)">A. Žostautas</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">1999–2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C5%ABrat%C4%97_Onaityt%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jūratė Onaitytė (page does not exist)">J. Onaitytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donaldas_Kajokas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donaldas Kajokas (page does not exist)">D. Kajokas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%99stutis_Pemp%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kęstutis Pempė (page does not exist)">K. Pempė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gytis_Ramunis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gytis Ramunis (page does not exist)">G. Ramunis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinas_Savickas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinas Savickas (page does not exist)">A. Savickas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linas_Leonas_Katinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linas Leonas Katinas (page does not exist)">L.L. Katinas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindaugas_Navakas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mindaugas Navakas (page does not exist)">M. Navakas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albertas_Zalatorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albertas Zalatorius (page does not exist)">A. Zalatorius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saulius_Sondeckis" title="Saulius Sondeckis">S. Sondeckis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ona_Narbutien%C4%97" title="Ona Narbutienė">O. Narbutienė</a></dd> <dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenijus_Cukermanas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenijus Cukermanas (page does not exist)">E. Cukermanas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalia_Kas%C4%8Di%C5%ABnait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalia Kasčiūnaitė (page does not exist)">D. Kasčiūnaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romualdas_Granauskas" title="Romualdas Granauskas">R. Granauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Venclova" title="Tomas Venclova">T. Venclova</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nijol%C4%97_Miliauskait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nijolė Miliauskaitė (page does not exist)">N. Miliauskaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irena_Milkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irena Milkevičiūtė (page does not exist)">I. Milkevičiūtė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Domarkas" title="Juozas Domarkas">J. Domarkas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladas_Bagdonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladas Bagdonas (page does not exist)">V. Bagdonas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adomas_Jacovskis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adomas Jacovskis (page does not exist)">A. Jacovskis</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardas_Gutauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardas Gutauskas (page does not exist)">L. Gutauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Bartas" title="Šarūnas Bartas">Š. Bartas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justinas_Marcinkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Justinas Marcinkevičius">J. Marcinkevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliksas_Bajoras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feliksas Bajoras (page does not exist)">F. Bajoras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Urmana" title="Violeta Urmana">V. Urmanavičiūtė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonoras_Vytautas_Strioga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonoras Vytautas Strioga (page does not exist)">L.V. Strioga</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stasys_Eidrigevi%C4%8Dius" title="Stasys Eidrigevičius">S. Eidrigevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donatas_Katkus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donatas Katkus (page does not exist)">D. Katkus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Smoriginas" title="Kostas Smoriginas">K. Smoriginas</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robertas_Antinis" title="Robertas Antinis">R. Antinis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petras_Vy%C5%A1niauskas" title="Petras Vyšniauskas">P. Vyšniauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oskaras_Kor%C5%A1unovas" title="Oskaras Koršunovas">O. Koršunovas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurgis_Juozapaitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurgis Juozapaitis (page does not exist)">J. Juozapaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arvydas_Ka%C5%BEdailis" title="Arvydas Každailis">A. Každailis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Audrius_Stonys" title="Audrius Stonys">A. Stonys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Mikelinskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Mikelinskas (page does not exist)">J. Mikelinskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelijus_Platelis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelijus Platelis (page does not exist)">K. Platelis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Geringas" title="David Geringas">D. Geringas</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algimantas_Jonas_Kuras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algimantas Jonas Kuras (page does not exist)">A.J. Kuras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Dainius_Aleksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Dainius Aleksa (page does not exist)">J. Aleksa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Juozapaitis" title="Vytautas Juozapaitis">V. Juozapaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Barkauskas" title="Vytautas Barkauskas">V. Barkauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antanas_A._Jonynas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antanas A. Jonynas (page does not exist)">A.A. Jonynas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Petras_Dirg%C4%97la" title="Petras Dirgėla">P. Dirgėla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit%C4%97_Vilimait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitė Vilimaitė (page does not exist)">B. Vilimaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Sutkus" title="Antanas Sutkus">A. Sutkus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Vaitkus" title="Jonas Vaitkus">J. Vaitkus</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">2004–2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ona_Baliukon%C4%97" title="Ona Baliukonė">O. Baliukonytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sigitas_Parulskis" title="Sigitas Parulskis">S. Parulskis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C5%ABrat%C4%97_Paul%C4%97kait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jūratė Paulėkaitė (page does not exist)">J. Paulėkaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petras_Maz%C5%ABras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petras Mazūras (page does not exist)">P. Mazūras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikalojus_Povilas_Vilutis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikalojus Povilas Vilutis (page does not exist)">M. Vilutis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rytis_Ma%C5%BEulis" title="Rytis Mažulis">R. Mažulis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sigut%C4%97_Stonyt%C4%97" title="Sigutė Stonytė">S. Stonytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_%C5%BDvirg%C5%BEdas" title="Stanislovas Žvirgždas">S. Žvirgždas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilnius_State_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilnius State Quartet (page does not exist)">Vilnius State Quartet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audron%C4%97_Vaini%C5%ABnait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audronė Vainiūnaitė (page does not exist)">A. Vainiūnaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art%C5%ABras_%C5%A0ilal%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artūras Šilalė (page does not exist)">A. Šilalė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Girdutis_Jakaitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girdutis Jakaitis (page does not exist)">G. Jakaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinas_Vasiliauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinas Vasiliauskas (page does not exist)">A. Vasiliauskas</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gintaras_Varnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gintaras Varnas (page does not exist)">G. Varnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laima_Or%C5%BEekauskien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laima Oržekauskienė (page does not exist)">L. Oržekauskienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Aputis" title="Juozas Aputis">J. Aputis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jurga_Ivanauskait%C4%97" title="Jurga Ivanauskaitė">J. Ivanauskaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksenija_Jaro%C5%A1evait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ksenija Jaroševaitė (page does not exist)">K. Jaroševaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Lauru%C5%A1as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Laurušas (page does not exist)">V. Laurušas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aidas_Mar%C4%8D%C4%97nas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aidas Marčėnas (page does not exist)">A. Marčėnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ar%C5%ABnas_Matelis" title="Arūnas Matelis">A. Matelis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robertas_%C5%A0ervenikas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robertas Šervenikas (page does not exist)">R. Šervenikas</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saulius_Ju%C5%A1kys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saulius Juškys (page does not exist)">S. Juškys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%99stutis_Navakas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kęstutis Navakas (page does not exist)">K. Navakas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nijol%C4%97_Luk%C5%A1ionyt%C4%97-Tolvai%C5%A1ien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nijolė Lukšionytė-Tolvaišienė (page does not exist)">N. Lukšionytė-Tolvaišienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Bal%C4%8Dytis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Balčytis (page does not exist)">V. Balčytis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Vytautas_Bruveris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Vytautas Bruveris (page does not exist)">J.V. Bruveris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimvydas_Kepe%C5%BEinskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimvydas Kepežinskas (page does not exist)">R. Kepežinskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M%C5%ABza_Rubackyt%C4%97" title="Mūza Rubackytė">M. Rubackytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rimantas_Sakalauskas" title="Rimantas Sakalauskas">R. Sakalauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_Vizgirda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Vizgirda (page does not exist)">A. Vizgirda</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Kernagis" title="Vytautas Kernagis">V. Kernagis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfonsas_Andriu%C5%A1kevi%C4%8Dius" title="Alfonsas Andriuškevičius">A. Andriuškevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar%C5%ABnas_Nakas" title="Šarūnas Nakas">Š. Nakas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Pauk%C5%A1t%C4%97" title="Vytautas Paukštė">V. Paukštė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomeda_Urbonien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomeda Urbonienė (page does not exist)">N. Urbonienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gediminas_Urbonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gediminas Urbonas (page does not exist)">G. Urbonas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinaida_Nagyt%C4%97-Katili%C5%A1kien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinaida Nagytė-Katiliškienė (page does not exist)">Z. Nagytė-Katiliškienė</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABta_Stalili%C5%ABnait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rūta Staliliūnaitė (page does not exist)">R. Staliliūnaitė-Matulionienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veronika_Povilionien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veronika Povilionienė (page does not exist)">V. Povilionienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antanas_Gailius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antanas Gailius (page does not exist)">A. Gailius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raminta_%C5%A0erk%C5%A1nyt%C4%97" title="Raminta Šerkšnytė">R. Šerkšnytė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deimantas_Narkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Deimantas Narkevičius">D. Narkevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Juknait%C4%97" title="Vanda Juknaitė">V. Juknaitė</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">2009–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almantas_Grikevi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almantas Grikevičius (page does not exist)">A. Grikevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Rimgaudas_Jura%C5%A1as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Rimgaudas Jurašas (page does not exist)">J.R. Jurašas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rolandas_Kazlas" title="Rolandas Kazlas">R. Kazlas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marija_Matu%C5%A1akait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marija Matušakaitė (page does not exist)">M. Matušakaitė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romualdas_Rakauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romualdas Rakauskas (page does not exist)">R. Rakauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramut%C4%97_Sku%C4%8Dait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramutė Skučaitė (page does not exist)">R. Skučaitė</a></dd> <dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgilijus_Noreika" title="Virgilijus Noreika">V. Noreika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icchokas_Meras" title="Icchokas Meras">I. Meras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaclovas_Augustinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaclovas Augustinas (page does not exist)">V. Augustinas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolandas_Rastauskas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolandas Rastauskas (page does not exist)">R. Rastauskas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povilas_Mataitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povilas Mataitis (page does not exist)">P. Mataitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalia_Lidija_Mataitien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalia Lidija Mataitienė (page does not exist)">D. Mataitienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Paulius_Gasi%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Paulius Gasiūnas (page does not exist)">J. Gasiūnas</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vytautas_Ar%C5%ABnas_%C5%BDebri%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vytautas Arūnas Žebriūnas (page does not exist)">A. Žebriūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algimantas_Aleksandravi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algimantas Aleksandravičius (page does not exist)">A. Aleksandravičius</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">V. Landsbergis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%99stutis_Grigali%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kęstutis Grigaliūnas (page does not exist)">K. Grigaliūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henrikas_Algis_%C4%8Cigriejus" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrikas Algis Čigriejus">H. Čigriejus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asta_Krik%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%ABnait%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asta Krikščiūnaitė (page does not exist)">A. Krikščiūnaitė</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladas_Vild%C5%BEi%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladas Vildžiūnas (page does not exist)">V. Vildžiūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%99stutis_Nastopka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kęstutis Nastopka (page does not exist)">K. Nastopka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitalijus_Maz%C5%ABras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitalijus Mazūras (page does not exist)">V. Mazūras</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenijus_Mili%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenijus Miliūnas (page does not exist)">E. Miliūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDilvinas_Kempinas" title="Žilvinas Kempinas">Ž. Kempinas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modestas_Pitr%C4%97nas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modestas Pitrėnas (page does not exist)">M. Pitrėnas</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donatas_Banionis" title="Donatas Banionis">D. Banionis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faustas_Lat%C4%97nas" title="Faustas Latėnas">F. Latėnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Giedrius_Kuprevi%C4%8Dius" title="Giedrius Kuprevičius">G. Kuprevičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladas_Brazi%C5%ABnas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladas Braziūnas (page does not exist)">V. Braziūnas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Budraitis" title="Juozas Budraitis">J. Budraitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gricius" title="Jonas Gricius">J. Gricius</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d3d3d3;;width:1%">2014–2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Regimantas_Adomaitis" title="Regimantas Adomaitis">R. Adomaitis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Grigorijus_Kanovi%C4%8Dius" title="Grigorijus Kanovičius">J. G. Kanovičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolandas_Palekas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolandas Palekas (page does not exist)">R. Palekas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nel%C4%97_Savi%C4%8Denko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nelė Savičenko (page does not exist)">N. Savičenko</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentinas_Sventickas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentinas Sventickas (page does not exist)">E. V. Sventickas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_%C5%A0e%C5%A1kus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Šeškus (page does not exist)">A. Šeškus</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algirdas_Jonas_Ambrazas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algirdas Jonas Ambrazas (page does not exist)">A. J. Ambrazas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopoldas_Mykolas_Digrys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopoldas Mykolas Digrys (page does not exist)">L. M. Digrys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dainius_Gavenonis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dainius Gavenonis (page does not exist)">D. Gavenonis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giedra_Suba%C4%8Dien%C4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giedra Subačienė (page does not exist)">G. Subačienė</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladas_Urbanavi%C4%8Dius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladas Urbanavičius (page does not exist)">V. Urbanavičius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_%C5%BDilyt%C4%97-Steponavi%C4%8Dien%C4%97" title="Birutė Žilytė-Steponavičienė">Birutė Žilytė-Steponavičienė</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164582#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164582#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164582#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120906929">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81071181">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12316304t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12316304t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01160984">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050920018&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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