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Opposites, such as quantitative and qualitative, or positivist and postpositivist, are often used to characterise this intellectual conflict. The current ascendancy of a potentially modernist paradigm, a dynamic or complex systems approach, will be noteworthy for drawing our attention to at least two complex linguistic ideas that have not adequately been analysed in linguistic theory. A foundational, philosophical analysis of such trends, as attempted in this article, should adopt a fittingly humble stance. That kind of humility, however, also applies across paradigms: the arrival of a new paradigm in the field is a timely reminder that enduring domination of a single paradigm in any discipline remains unlikely.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Albert Weideman"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2017-06-10","datePublished":"2013-01-01","headline":"[2013] Applied linguistics beyond postmodernism","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53677261/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Foundations of applied linguistics","Applied linguistics, theory of","Applied linguistics, paradigm shifts in"],"publication":"Acta 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{"work":{"id":33404478,"created_at":"2017-06-10T10:32:03.719-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-18T00:25:52.514-08:00","_data":{"issue":"4","volume":"45","abstract":"Applied linguistics clearly has modernist roots, which have steadily been eroded by postmodernist views. 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window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":53677261,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “[2013] Applied linguistics beyond postmodernism”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/53677261/mini_magick20190119-4467-uuuufk.png?1547968332" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">[2013] Applied linguistics beyond postmodernism</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="361286" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AlbertWeideman"><img alt="Profile image of Albert Weideman" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/361286/95550/30765611/s65_albert.weideman.jpg" />Albert Weideman</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2013, Acta Academica</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">20 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 33404478; 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Opposites, such as quantitative and qualitative, or positivist and postpositivist, are often used to characterise this intellectual conflict. The current ascendancy of a potentially modernist paradigm, a dynamic or complex systems approach, will be noteworthy for drawing our attention to at least two complex linguistic ideas that have not adequately been analysed in linguistic theory. A foundational, philosophical analysis of such trends, as attempted in this article, should adopt a fittingly humble stance. That kind of humility, however, also applies across paradigms: the arrival of a new paradigm in the field is a timely reminder that enduring domination of a single paradigm in any discipline remains unlikely.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":53677261,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/33404478/_2013_Applied_linguistics_beyond_postmodernism"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":53677261,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/33404478/_2013_Applied_linguistics_beyond_postmodernism"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="53677261" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/33404478/_2013_Applied_linguistics_beyond_postmodernism" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="472816" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/472816/_2007_The_redefinition_of_applied_linguistics_modernist_and_postmodernist_views">[2007] The redefinition of applied linguistics: modernist and postmodernist views</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="361286" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AlbertWeideman">Albert Weideman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Southern African linguistics and applied language studies, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"[2007] The redefinition of applied linguistics: modernist and postmodernist views","attachmentId":3447135,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/472816/_2007_The_redefinition_of_applied_linguistics_modernist_and_postmodernist_views","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/472816/_2007_The_redefinition_of_applied_linguistics_modernist_and_postmodernist_views"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="472826" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/472826/_2006_A_systematically_significant_episode_in_applied_linguistics">[2006] A systematically significant episode in applied linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="361286" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AlbertWeideman">Albert Weideman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal for Christian Scholarship , 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The work of Danie Strauss has always been a celebration of systematic analysis in the reformational tradition. In this contribution, I consider how such an analysis may shed light on the nature of a specific discipline, applied linguistics. Not only is reformational philosophy able to delimit this field in a useful way, but it is also capable of illuminating historical turning points in the discipline. Both historically and philosophically, the modernist approach characteristic of first generation applied linguistics lies at one end of the discipline, and current, postmodernist perspectives at the other extreme. While modernist definitions of the field have emphasised the theoretical, scientific basis of the discipline, and postmodernist definitions identify (social and political) accountability as the critical feature of the endeavour, the discipline of applied linguistics finds a common feature in the moment of design. The argument presented is that the contributions of modernist and postmodernist approaches to applied linguistics can both be honoured in a systematic analysis. The paper concludes that a systematic explanation directs us towards a responsible agenda for applied linguistics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"[2006] A systematically significant episode in applied linguistics","attachmentId":2097839,"attachmentType":"","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/472826/_2006_A_systematically_significant_episode_in_applied_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/472826/_2006_A_systematically_significant_episode_in_applied_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="18130912" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18130912/_1999_Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics_some_framework_issues">[1999] Five generations of applied linguistics: some framework issues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="361286" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AlbertWeideman">Albert Weideman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Academica , 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The argument of the paper is that different historical understandings of applied linguistic work point to the relativity of the discipline, and prevent its practitioners from entertaining the belief that, because they are doing 'applied science', their designed solution to a language problem will be sufficient. Definitions of applied linguistics can come from both ends of the spectrum of applied linguistic work, i.e. the philosophical and the practical or pedagogical. AUTHOR'S NOTE: We currently distinguish seven generations of applied linguistics . For an updated history, see my 2014 article, "Applied linguistics beyond postmodernism", available at: https://albertweideman.files.wordpress.com/2016/04/applied_linguistics_beyond_postmodernism_by_albert_weideman.pdf</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"[1999] Five generations of applied linguistics: some framework issues","attachmentId":53687903,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18130912/_1999_Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics_some_framework_issues","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18130912/_1999_Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics_some_framework_issues"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41629567" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41629567/Old_School_Linguistics_Made_New_O_Grady_et_at_Contemporary_Linguistics_An_Introduction_Bedford_St_Martin_2005_">Old School Linguistics Made New: O’Grady et at, Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (Bedford St. Martin 2005)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="459125" href="https://sfsu.academia.edu/ChrisWenchaoLi">Chris Wen-chao Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Amidst the recent explosion of interest in linguistic science and the subsequent publication of large numbers of introductory works on the subject, O'Grady et al.'s Contemporary Linguistics (5 th ed.) stands out as a solid general purpose primer directed at an academic audience. Written by some eighteen contributors specializing in each of the seventeen branches of linguistics covered, topics are judiciously chosen while drawing on current scholarship and integrating different theoretical persuasions, without losing sight of the book's target readership. The result is an up-to-date text balanced in its treatment of subject matter and perspectives-a work that lives up to its moniker of "Contemporary" Linguistics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Old School Linguistics Made New: O’Grady et at, Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction (Bedford St. Martin 2005)","attachmentId":61786200,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41629567/Old_School_Linguistics_Made_New_O_Grady_et_at_Contemporary_Linguistics_An_Introduction_Bedford_St_Martin_2005_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41629567/Old_School_Linguistics_Made_New_O_Grady_et_at_Contemporary_Linguistics_An_Introduction_Bedford_St_Martin_2005_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="18615609" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18615609/Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics">Five generations of applied linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38661188" href="https://utp-co.academia.edu/CarolinaParra">Carolina Parra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A number of discussions in recent years have kept alive the debate on the definition of applied linguistics. The range of the debate covers both ends of the spectrum of applied linguistic work: the philosophical and the practical. This paper attempts to put a response to such (re-)considerations into an interpretative framework, and considers the conception of the discipline as it has evolved over five generations of applied linguistics. The argument of the paper is that different historical understandings of applied linguistic work point to the relativity of the discipline, and prevent its practitioners from entertaining the belief that, because they are doing 'applied science', their designed solution to a language problem will be sufficient.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Five generations of applied linguistics","attachmentId":40159343,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18615609/Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18615609/Five_generations_of_applied_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12328029" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12328029/Postmodern_Applied_Linguistics_Problems_and_Contradictions">Postmodern Applied Linguistics: Problems and Contradictions </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17212301" href="https://shujitsu.academia.edu/CraigSower">Craig Sower</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">TESOL QUARTERLY, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">TESOL QUARTERLY, No. 33 (4), 736-745. WINTER 1999. Comments on Ryuko Kubota's "Japanese Culture Constructed by Discourses: Implications for Applied Linguistics Research and ELT"</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Postmodern Applied Linguistics: Problems and Contradictions ","attachmentId":54914486,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12328029/Postmodern_Applied_Linguistics_Problems_and_Contradictions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12328029/Postmodern_Applied_Linguistics_Problems_and_Contradictions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8024868" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8024868/FIVE_GENERATIONS_OF_APPLIED_LINGUISTICS_SOME_FRAMEWORK_ISSUES_1">FIVE GENERATIONS OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS: SOME FRAMEWORK ISSUES 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15403241" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FarhanPatoli">Farhan Patoli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A number of discussions in recent years have kept alive the debate on the definition of applied linguistics. The range of the debate covers both ends of the spectrum of applied linguistic work: the philosophical and the practical. This paper attempts to put a response to such (re-)considerations into an interpretative framework, and considers the conception of the discipline as it has evolved over five generations of applied linguistics. The argument of the paper is that different historical understandings of applied linguistic work point to the relativity of the discipline, and prevent its practitioners from entertaining the belief that, because they are doing 'applied science', their designed solution to a language problem will be sufficient.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"FIVE GENERATIONS OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS: SOME FRAMEWORK ISSUES 1","attachmentId":34485889,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8024868/FIVE_GENERATIONS_OF_APPLIED_LINGUISTICS_SOME_FRAMEWORK_ISSUES_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8024868/FIVE_GENERATIONS_OF_APPLIED_LINGUISTICS_SOME_FRAMEWORK_ISSUES_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="64443523" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64443523/Uneasy_lies_the_head_Poststructuralism_in_the_midst_of_paradigm_contestation_in_applied_linguistics">Uneasy lies the head: Poststructuralism in the midst of paradigm contestation in applied linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="361286" href="https://ufs.academia.edu/AlbertWeideman">Albert Weideman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Koers - Bulletin for Christian Scholarship, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Uneasy lies the head: Poststructuralism in the midst of paradigm contestation in applied linguistics","attachmentId":76478882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64443523/Uneasy_lies_the_head_Poststructuralism_in_the_midst_of_paradigm_contestation_in_applied_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64443523/Uneasy_lies_the_head_Poststructuralism_in_the_midst_of_paradigm_contestation_in_applied_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="209581" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/209581/Abstractions_and_idealisations_The_construction_of_modern_linguistics">Abstractions and idealisations: The construction of modern linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="107182" href="https://uva.academia.edu/MartinStokhof">Martin Stokhof</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163483" href="https://uva.academia.edu/MichielvanLambalgen">Michiel van Lambalgen</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Abstractions and idealisations: The construction of modern linguistics","attachmentId":11260615,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/209581/Abstractions_and_idealisations_The_construction_of_modern_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/209581/Abstractions_and_idealisations_The_construction_of_modern_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="76877002" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76877002/Critical_and_alternative_directions_in_applied_linguistics">Critical and alternative directions in applied linguistics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32090988" href="https://uts.academia.edu/AlastairPennycook">Alastair Pennycook</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Critical directions in applied linguistics can be understood in various ways. The termcriticalas it has been used incritical applied linguistics, critical discourse analysis, critical literacyand so forth, is now embedded as part of applied linguistic work, adding an overt focus on questions of power and inequality to discourse analysis, literacy or applied linguistics more generally. In this paper I will argue, however, that although critical discourse analysis and critical literacy still make claims to a territory different from their ‘non-critical’ counterparts, much of this work has become conventional and moribund. The use of the term ‘critical’ (with its problematic claims and divisions) has perhaps reached saturation level. This is not to say, however, that the basic need to bring questions of power, disparity and difference to applied linguistics is any way diminished, but rather that we may need to look in alternative directions for renewal.Here I want to pursue two main po...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Critical and alternative directions in applied linguistics","attachmentId":84435150,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76877002/Critical_and_alternative_directions_in_applied_linguistics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76877002/Critical_and_alternative_directions_in_applied_linguistics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53677261,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":53677261,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_53677261" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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