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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Recession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Recession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Great Recession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Recession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Economic recovery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic_(2020-2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic_(2020-2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic_(2020-2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_resilient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_resilient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Economy resilient </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_resilient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Currency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Overview </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Overview subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Companies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_Companies_on_2019_Fortune_Global_500_List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Companies_on_2019_Fortune_Global_500_List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Italian Companies on 2019 Fortune Global 500 List </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Companies_on_2019_Fortune_Global_500_List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Regional data </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_question" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_question"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Southern question </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_question-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_sectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_sectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Economic sectors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_sectors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economic sectors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_sectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Primary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Secondary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Tertiary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy_and_natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Energy and natural resources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Economy of Italy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اقتصاد إيطاليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_d%27Italia" title="Economía d'Italia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Economía d'Italia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0taliya_iqtisadiyyat%C4%B1" title="İtaliya iqtisadiyyatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İtaliya iqtisadiyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ইতালির অর্থনীতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইতালির অর্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%96" title="Эканоміка Італіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эканоміка Італіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Икономика на Италия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икономика на Италия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Economia d'Itàlia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika_It%C3%A1lie" title="Ekonomika Itálie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekonomika Itálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaft_Italiens" title="Wirtschaft Italiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirtschaft Italiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Οικονομία της Ιταλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικονομία της Ιταλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Italia" title="Economía de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiako_ekonomia" title="Italiako ekonomia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Italiako ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اقتصاد ایتالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقتصاد ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_l%27Italie" title="Économie de l'Italie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie de l'Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_de_Italia" title="Economía de Italia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Economía de Italia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="이탈리아의 경제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아의 경제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իտալիայի տնտեսություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտալիայի տնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomio_di_Italia" title="Ekonomio di Italia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekonomio di Italia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_d%27Italia" title="Economia d'Italia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia d'Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="כלכלת איטליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלכלת איטליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ಇಟಲಿಯ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಟಲಿಯ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="იტალიის ეკონომიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალიის ეკონომიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijos_ekonomika" title="Italijos ekonomika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Italijos ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaszorsz%C3%A1g_gazdas%C3%A1ga" title="Olaszország gazdasága – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olaszország gazdasága" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اقتصاد ايطاليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اقتصاد ايطاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_Itali" title="Ekonomi Itali – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekonomi Itali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88" title="イタリアの経済 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリアの経済" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_d%27It%C3%A0lia" title="Economia d'Itàlia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Economia d'Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya_iqtisodiyoti" title="Italiya iqtisodiyoti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Italiya iqtisodiyoti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%BC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="د ايټاليې اقتصاد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ايټاليې اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodarka_W%C5%82och" title="Gospodarka Włoch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gospodarka Włoch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:26.0em;padding:0;"><caption class="infobox-title adr">Economy of Italy</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg/300px-Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg/450px-Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg/600px-Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> is the economic capital of Italy,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> and is a global <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Fashion_capital" title="Fashion capital">fashion capital</a> of the world.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (EUR, €) (Except in <a href="/wiki/Campione_d%27Italia" title="Campione d'Italia">Campione d'Italia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">Fiscal year</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Calendar Year</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Trade organisations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a>, <a href="/wiki/G-20_major_economies" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20 major economies">G-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a>, <a href="/wiki/AIIB" class="mw-redirect" title="AIIB">AIIB</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Country group</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">Advanced economy</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">High-income economy</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a><a href="#cite_note-Italy_welfare-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenworthy-5">[5]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">58,850,717 (31 December 2022)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $2.377 trillion (<a href="/wiki/GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP (nominal)">nominal</a>; 2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></li> <li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $3.600 trillion (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>; 2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">8th (nominal; 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">11th (PPP; 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP growth</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>3.9% (2022)</li> <li>0.9% (2023)</li> <li>0.7% (2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $40,287 (nominal; 2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></li> <li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $60,993 (PPP; 2024)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP per capita rank</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">26th (nominal; 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">29th (PPP; 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">GDP by sector</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">agriculture</a>: 2.0%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">industry</a>: 23.8%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">services</a>: 73.8%</li> <li>(2017 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">Inflation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">CPI</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.5% (2023)<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOIT-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Population below <a href="/wiki/Poverty_threshold" title="Poverty threshold">poverty line</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 9.4% (2021)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li>22.8% at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE 2023)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">31.5 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium (2023)<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.906 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (2022)<a href="#cite_note-ithdi-12">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">30th</a>)</li> <li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.802 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">IHDI (34th)</a> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-ithdi-12">[12]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 56 out of 100 points (2023)<a href="#cite_note-ti_2023-13">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index#Ranking_over_Time" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">42nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Labour force</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 44.4 million (2021)<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 66.3% employment rate (2023)<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Labour force by occupation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">agriculture</a>: 3.9%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">industry</a>: 28.3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">services</a>: 67.8%</li> <li>(2011)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unemployment</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6.8% (May 2024)<a href="#cite_note-auto-16">[16]</a></li> <li><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 20.5% youth unemployment (15 to 24 year-olds; May 2024)<a href="#cite_note-auto-16">[16]</a></li> <li><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1.753 million unemployed (May 2024)<a href="#cite_note-auto-16">[16]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average gross salary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">€2,500 / $2,763.35 monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Average net salary</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">€1,740 / $1,923.29 monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main industries</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Robots" class="mw-redirect" title="Robots">robots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense systems">defense systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron and steel">iron and steel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemicals">chemicals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusiness</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceutical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor vehicles">motor vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">footwear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">furniture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics">ceramics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">electric power</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">External</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Exports</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $626 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Export goods</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco; minerals, nonferrous metals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main export partners</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> 11.9%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> 10.7%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 10.1%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> 5.3%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> 4.9%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> 4.2%</li> <li>(2023)<a href="#cite_note-InfoMercatiEsteri-20">[20]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imports</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $591 billion (2021)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Import goods</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, tobacco</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main import partners</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> 15.2%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> 8.0%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> 7.9%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> 6.2%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> 5.5%</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> 4.5%</li> <li>(2023)<a href="#cite_note-InfoMercatiEsteri-20">[20]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">FDI</a> stock</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $552.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></li> <li><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> Abroad: $671.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">Current account</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $59.52 billion (2019 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Gross <a href="/wiki/External_debt" title="External debt">external debt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$3.024 trillion (31 December 2020)<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue;">Public finances</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_government_debt" title="List of countries by government debt">Government debt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 134.8% of GDP (2023)<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> €2.410 trillion (2019)<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-23">[23]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Government_budget_balance" title="Government budget balance">Budget balance</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>€29.3 billion deficit (2019)<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-23">[23]</a></li> <li>−1.6% of GDP (2019)<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-23">[23]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenues</th><td class="infobox-data">47.1% of GDP (2019)<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-23">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Expenses</th><td class="infobox-data">48.7% of GDP (2019)<a href="#cite_note-1st_Notif-23">[23]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Economic aid</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>€28.8 billion from <a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">European Structural and Investment Funds</a> (2007–2013)<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li>€42.77 billion from <a href="/wiki/Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union" title="Regional policy of the European Union">European Structural and Investment Funds</a> (2014–2020)<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_credit_rating" title="List of countries by credit rating">Credit rating</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a>:<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> BBB</li> <li>Outlook: Stable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody's">Moody's</a>:<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Baa3</li> <li>Outlook: Stable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitch_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitch Group">Fitch</a>: BBB</li> <li>Outlook: <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> Positive<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li>Scope:<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> BBB+</li> <li>Outlook: Stable</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign reserves</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $211.3 billion (November 2022 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook_Italy-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:lightblue;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em;padding:0.2em;"> All values, unless otherwise stated, are in <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The economy of Italy is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">highly developed</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">social market economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> It is the third-largest national economy in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">second-largest manufacturing industry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (7th-largest in the world),<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">8th-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">11th-largest by GDP (PPP)</a>. Italy is a developed country with a high nominal per capita income globally, and its advanced diversified economy ranks among the largest in the world, dominated by the tertiary service sector. It is a great power and a founding member of the European Union, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>, the Schengen Area, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> and the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a>;<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">eighth-largest exporter in the world</a>, with $611 billion exported in 2021. Its closest trade ties are with the other countries of the European Union, with whom it conducts about 59% of its total trade. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_Italy" title="List of the largest trading partners of Italy">largest trading partners</a>, in order of market share in exports, are <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (12.5%), <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (10.3%), the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (9%), <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (5.2%), the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (5.2%) and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (4.6%).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In the post-World War II period, Italy saw a transformation from an agricultural-based economy which had been severely affected by the consequences of the <a href="/wiki/World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="World War">World Wars</a>, into one of the world's most advanced nations,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and a leading country in <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">world trade and exports</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>, the country enjoys a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">very high standard of living</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, Italy has the world's 8th highest <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-economist-35">[35]</a> Italy owns the world's third-largest <a href="/wiki/Gold_reserve" title="Gold reserve">gold reserve</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and is the third-largest net contributor to the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">budget of the European Union</a>. Furthermore, the advanced country <a href="/wiki/National_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="National wealth">private wealth</a> is one of the largest in the world.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In terms of private wealth, Italy ranks second, after <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_total_wealth" title="List of countries by total wealth">private wealth to GDP ratio</a>. Among <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> members, Italy has a highly efficient and strong <a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">social security system</a>, which comprises <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state#Effects" title="Welfare state">roughly 24.4% of GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kenworthy-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradley_et_al.-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Italy_welfare-4">[4]</a> Italy is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_manufacturing_output" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by manufacturing output">seventh-largest manufacturing country</a>,<a href="#cite_note-databank-39">[39]</a> characterised by a smaller number of global multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size and many dynamic <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a>, notoriously clustered in several <a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">industrial districts</a>, which are the backbone of the Italian economy. Italy is a large manufacturer<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> and exporter<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> of a significant variety of products. Its products include <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicles">vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, furniture, food and clothing.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Italy has a significant <a href="/wiki/Trade_surplus" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade surplus">trade surplus</a>. The country is also well known for its influential and innovative business economic sector, an industrious and competitive agricultural sector (Italy is the world's largest wine producer),<a href="#cite_note-wine-43">[43]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturer">manufacturers</a> of creatively <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">designed</a>, high-quality products: including <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">home appliances</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Designer_clothing" title="Designer clothing">designer clothing</a>. Italy is the largest hub for <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> in Europe and the third-largest luxury hub globally.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Italy has a strong <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> sector, with the largest share of the population (4.5%) employed by a cooperative in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Despite these important achievements, the country's economy today suffers from few structural and non-structural problems. <a href="/wiki/Annual_growth_rate" title="Annual growth rate">Annual growth rates</a> have often been below the EU average. Italy was somewhat hit by the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">late-2000s recession</a>. Massive government spending from the 1980s onwards has produced a severe rise in <a href="/wiki/Public_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Public debt">public debt</a>. In addition, Italian living standards are extremely high on average, but have a considerable <a href="#Southern_question">North–South divide</a>: the average GDP per capita in the much richer <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a> significantly exceeds the EU average, while some regions and provinces in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> are significantly below the average. In <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italy</a>, GDP per capita is instead average.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-fon-48">[48]</a> In recent years, Italy's GDP per capita growth slowly caught-up with the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> average,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> while its employment rate also did. However, economists dispute the official figures because of the large number of <a href="/wiki/Informal_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal sector">informal jobs</a> (estimated to be between 10% and 20% of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour force">labour force</a>) that lift the inactivity or <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rates">unemployment rates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Shadow_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow economy">shadow economy</a> is highly represented in Southern Italy, while it becomes less intense as one moves north. In real economic conditions, Southern Italy almost matches Central Italy's level.<a href="#cite_note-:202bgs-51">[51]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history of Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_pre-unitarian_Italy" title="Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy">Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg/170px-Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg/255px-Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg/340px-Motore_a_combustione_interna_Barsanti_-_Matteucci_-_Museo_scienza_tecnologia_Milano_08149_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Barsanti-Matteucci_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Barsanti-Matteucci engine">Barsanti-Matteucci engine</a>, the first proper internal combustion engine</figcaption></figure> The Italian Renaissance was remarkable in economic development. <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> were the trade pioneers, first as <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">maritime republics</a> and then as regional states, followed by <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, and the rest of northern Italy. Reasons for their early development are for example the relative military safety of Venetian lagoons, the high population density and the institutional structure which inspired entrepreneurs.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The Republic of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> was the first real <a href="/wiki/International_financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="International financial center">international financial center</a>, which slowly emerged from the 9th century to its peak in the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-Coispeau2016-53">[53]</a> Tradeable <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> as a commonly used type of security, were invented by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> (such as Venice and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>) of the late <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> periods. After 1600 Italy experienced an economic catastrophe. In 1600 Northern and Central Italy comprised one of the most advanced industrial areas of Europe. There was an exceptionally high standard of living.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> By 1870 Italy was an economically backward and depressed area; its industrial structure had almost collapsed, its population was too high for its resources, its economy had become primarily agricultural. Wars, political fractionalization, limited fiscal capacity and the shift of world trade to north-western Europe and the Americas were key factors.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The economic history of Italy after 1861 can be divided in three main phases:<a href="#cite_note-toniolo-57">[57]</a> an initial period of struggle after the unification of the country, characterised by high emigration and stagnant growth; a central period of robust catch-up from the 1890s to the 1980s, interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s and the two world wars; and a final period of sluggish growth that has been exacerbated by a double-dip recession following the 2008 global financial crush, and from which the country is slowly reemerging only in recent years. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_Industrialization">Age of Industrialization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Age of Industrialization">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg/220px-Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg/330px-Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg/440px-Terni_-_le_Acciaierie_1912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a> steel mills in 1912</figcaption></figure> Prior to unification, the economy of the many Italian statelets was overwhelmingly agrarian; however, the agricultural surplus produced what historians call a "pre-industrial" transformation in North-western Italy starting from the 1820s,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> that led to a diffuse, if mostly artisanal, concentration of manufacturing activities, especially in <a href="/wiki/Piedmont-Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont-Sardinia">Piedmont-Sardinia</a> under the liberal rule of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Cavour" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Cavour">Count of Cavour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif/lossy-page1-175px-Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif/lossy-page1-262px-Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif/lossy-page1-350px-Alessandro_Cruto_Museo_Scienza_e_Tecnologia_Milano.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3927" data-file-height="5025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cruto" title="Alessandro Cruto">Alessandro Cruto</a>, creator of the first practical long-lasting incandescent <a href="/wiki/Light_Bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Bulb">light bulb</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">birth of the unified Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861, there was a deep consciousness in the ruling class of the new country's backwardness, given that the per capita GDP expressed in PPS terms was roughly half of that of Britain and about 25% less than that of France and Germany.<a href="#cite_note-toniolo-57">[57]</a> During the 1860s and 1870s, the manufacturing activity was backward and small-scale, while the oversized agrarian sector was the backbone of the national economy. The country lacked large coal and iron deposits<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and the population was largely illiterate. In the 1880s, a severe <a href="/wiki/Farm_crisis" title="Farm crisis">farm crisis</a> led to the introduction of more modern farming techniques in the <a href="/wiki/Po_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Po valley">Po valley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> while from 1878 to 1887 <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a> policies were introduced with the aim to establish a heavy industry base.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Some large steel and iron works soon clustered around areas of high <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> potential, notably the Alpine foothills and Umbria in central Italy, while <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> led a textile, chemical, engineering and banking boom and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> captured civil and military <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> However, the diffusion of industrialisation that characterised the northwestern area of the country largely excluded Venetia and, especially, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">South</a>. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a> concerned up to 26 million Italians, the most part in the years between 1880 and 1914; by many scholars, it is considered the biggest mass migration of contemporary times.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Great War</a>, the still frail Italian state successfully fought a modern war, being able of arming and training some 5 million recruits.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> But this result came at a terrible cost: by the end of the war, Italy had lost 700,000 soldiers and had a ballooning sovereign debt amounting to billions of <a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">lira</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascist_regime">Fascist regime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fascist regime">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Italy_under_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Italy under fascism">Economy of Italy under fascism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mussolini_visiting_Fiat,_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg/220px-Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg/330px-Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg/440px-Mussolini_visiting_Fiat%2C_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> giving a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> <a href="/wiki/Lingotto" title="Lingotto">Lingotto</a> factory in Turin, 1932</figcaption></figure> Italy emerged from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> in a poor and weakened condition. The <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> came to power in 1922, at the end of a period of social unrest. However, once Mussolini acquired a firmer hold of power, laissez-faire and free trade were progressively abandoned in favour of government intervention and <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knight2003-67">[67]</a> In 1929, Italy was hit hard by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In order to deal with the crisis, the Fascist government nationalized the holdings of large banks which had accrued significant industrial securities, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Istituto_per_la_Ricostruzione_Industriale" title="Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale">Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> A number of mixed entities were formed, whose purpose was to bring together representatives of the government and of the major businesses. These representatives discussed economic policy and manipulated prices and wages so as to satisfy both the wishes of the government and the wishes of business.<a href="#cite_note-knight2003-67">[67]</a> This economic model based on a partnership between government and business was soon extended to the political sphere, in what came to be known as <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatism</a>. At the same time, the aggressive foreign policy of Mussolini led to increasing military expenditure. After the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">Ethiopia</a>, Italy intervened to support <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a>'s nationalists in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. By 1939, Italy had the highest percentage of state-owned enterprises after the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-knight2003-67">[67]</a> Italy's involvement in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> required the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">war economy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> in 1943 eventually caused the Italian political structure – and the economy – to rapidly collapse. The Allies, on the one hand, and the Germans on the other, took over the administration of the areas of Italy under their control. By the end of the war, Italian per capita income was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_economic_miracle">Post-war economic miracle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-war economic miracle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Italian economic miracle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG/220px-1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG/330px-1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG/440px-1962_Fiat_500_--_2012_DC_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1556" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fiat_500" title="Fiat 500">Fiat 500</a>, launched in 1957, is considered a symbol of Italy's postwar economic miracle.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg/220px-Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg/330px-Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg/440px-Olivetti_Programma_101_-_Museo_scienza_e_tecnologia_Milano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Programma_101" title="Programma 101">Programma 101</a>, developed in 1965 by <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti</a> is considered one of the first <a href="/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">programmable calculators</a> ever and was an economic success internationally.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-CyberHeroes-73">[73]</a></figcaption></figure> After the end of World War II, Italy was in rubble and occupied by foreign armies, a condition that worsened the chronic development gap among the more advanced European economies. However, the new geopolitical logic of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> made possible that the former enemy Italy, a hinge country between Western Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, and now a new, fragile democracy threatened by the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> occupation forces, the proximity of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> and the presence of a strong <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Communist party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> was considered by the United States as an important ally for the <a href="/wiki/Free_World" title="Free World">Free World</a>, and received under the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> over US$1.2 billion from 1947 to 1951. The end of aid through the Plan could have stopped the recovery but it coincided with a crucial point in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> whose demand for metal and manufactured products was a further stimulus of Italian industrial production. In addition, the creation in 1957 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Common_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Common Market">European Common Market</a>, with Italy as a founding member, provided more investment and eased exports.<a href="#cite_note-CraftsToniolo-75">[75]</a> These favourable developments, combined with the presence of a large labour force, laid the foundation for spectacular economic growth that lasted almost uninterrupted until the "<a href="/wiki/Hot_Autumn" title="Hot Autumn">Hot Autumn</a>'s" massive strikes and social unrest of 1969–70, which then combined with the later <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> and put an abrupt end to the prolonged boom. It has been calculated that the Italian economy experienced an average rate of growth of GDP of 5.8% per year between 1951 and 1963, and 5% per year between 1964 and 1973.<a href="#cite_note-CraftsToniolo-75">[75]</a> Italian rates of growth were second only, but very close, to the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West German</a> rates, in Europe, and among the <a href="/wiki/OEEC" class="mw-redirect" title="OEEC">OEEC</a> countries only Japan had been doing better.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_1970s_and_1980s:_from_stagflation_to_"il_sorpasso"">The 1970s and 1980s: from stagflation to "il sorpasso"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 1970s and 1980s: from stagflation to "il sorpasso"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G7_leaders_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/220px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/330px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/440px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="1870" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> (far left) with <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> leaders in <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, 1978</figcaption></figure> The 1970s were a period of economic, political turmoil and social unrest in Italy, known as <a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of lead</a>. Unemployment rose sharply, especially among the young, and by 1977 there were one million unemployed people under the age of 24. Inflation continued, aggravated by the increases in the price of oil in 1973 and 1979. The budget deficit became permanent and intractable, averaging about 10 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP), higher than any other industrial country. The lira fell steadily, from <a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Lire </a>560 to the U.S. dollar in 1973 to Lire 1,400 in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The economic recession went on into the mid-1980s until a set of reforms led to the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Banca_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banca d'Italia">Bank of Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and a big reduction of the indexation of wages<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> that strongly reduced inflation rates, from 20.6% in 1980 to 4.7% in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The new macroeconomic and political stability resulted in a second, export-led "economic miracle", based on <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a>, producing clothing, leather products, shoes, furniture, textiles, jewellery, and machine tools. As a result of this rapid expansion, in 1987 Italy overtook the UK's economy (an event known as <a href="/wiki/Il_sorpasso_(economics)" title="Il sorpasso (economics)">il sorpasso</a>), becoming the fourth richest nation in the world, after the US, Japan and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vietor2001-81">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Milan_stock_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan stock exchange">Milan stock exchange</a> increased its market capitalization more than fivefold in the space of a few years.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> However, the Italian economy of the 1980s presented a problem: it was booming, thanks to increased productivity and surging exports, but unsustainable fiscal deficits drove the growth.<a href="#cite_note-Vietor2001-81">[81]</a> In the 1990s, the new <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_criteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maastricht criteria">Maastricht criteria</a> boosted the urge to curb the public debt, already at 104% of GDP in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The consequent restrictive economic policies worsened the impact of the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">global recession</a> already underway. After a brief recovery at the end of the 1990s, high tax rates and <a href="/wiki/Red_tape" title="Red tape">red tape</a> caused the country to stagnate between 2000 and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Recession">Great Recession</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Great Recession">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_GDP.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Italy_GDP.webp/300px-Italy_GDP.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Italy_GDP.webp/450px-Italy_GDP.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Italy_GDP.webp/600px-Italy_GDP.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1564" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Italy real quarterly GDP</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG/220px-GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG/330px-GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG/440px-GDP_per_capita_big_four_Western_Europe.PNG 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>GDP per capita of Italy, France, Germany and Britain from 1970 to 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_bonds.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Italy_bonds.webp/300px-Italy_bonds.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Italy_bonds.webp/450px-Italy_bonds.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Italy_bonds.webp/600px-Italy_bonds.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="5231" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Italy bonds</div> <a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a> in 2011 <a href="/wiki/Negative_interest_on_excess_reserves" title="Negative interest on excess reserves">negative interest rates</a> 2015-2022 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  50 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  20 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  10 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  3 month</div> </figcaption></figure> Italy was among the countries hit hardest by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> of 2008–2009 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a>. The national economy shrunk by 6.76% during the whole period, totaling seven-quarters of recession.<a href="#cite_note-OECD-86">[86]</a> In November 2011 the Italian bond yield was 6.74 per cent for 10-year bonds, nearing a 7 per cent level where Italy is thought to lose access to financial markets.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, in 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Italian_government_debt" title="Italian government debt">Italian government debt</a> stood at 128% of GDP, ranking as the second biggest debt ratio after <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (with 175%).<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> However, the biggest chunk of Italian public debt is owned by Italian nationals and relatively high levels of private savings and low levels of private indebtedness are seen as making it the safest among Europe's struggling economies.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> As a shock therapy to avoid the debt crisis and kick-start growth, the <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">national unity government</a> led by the economist <a href="/wiki/Monti_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monti Cabinet">Mario Monti</a> launched a program of massive <a href="/wiki/Austerity_measures" class="mw-redirect" title="Austerity measures">austerity measures</a>, that brought down the deficit but precipitated the country in a <a href="/wiki/Double-dip_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-dip recession">double-dip recession</a> in 2012 and 2013, receiving criticism from numerous economists.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_recovery">Economic recovery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economic recovery">edit</a>]</div> In the period 2014-2019, the economy partially recovered from the disastrous losses incurred during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, primarily thanks to strong exports, but nonetheless, growth rates remained well below the <a href="/wiki/Euro_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Euro area">Euro area</a> average, meaning that Italy's GDP in 2019 was still 5 per cent below its level in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic_(2020-2021)">Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021)">edit</a>]</div> Starting from February 2020, Italy was the first country of Europe to be severely affected by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> that eventually expanded to the rest of the world. The economy suffered a massive shock as a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy">lockdown</a> of most of the country's economic activity. After three months, at the end of May 2020, the pandemic was put under control, and the economy started to recover, especially, the manufacturing sector. Overall, it remained surprisingly resilient, although GDP plummeted like in most western countries.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The Italian government issued special treasury bills, known as BTP Futura<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> as a COVID-19 emergency funding, waiting for the approval of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">E.U. response to the outbreak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Eventually, in July 2020, the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> approved the 750 billion € <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a> fund,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> of which €209 billion will go to Italy.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy_resilient">Economy resilient</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy resilient">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg/220px-Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg/330px-Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg/440px-Ferrari_Portofino_IMG_0532.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Portofino" title="Ferrari Portofino">Ferrari Portofino</a> represents the synergy of "<a href="/wiki/Made_in_Italy" title="Made in Italy">Made in Italy</a>" <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">brands</a> that strengthens the Italian economy.</figcaption></figure> Beginning in 2022, after the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy restarted with a resilient economy<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> which nonetheless had to face the <a href="/wiki/Global_energy_crisis_(2021%E2%80%932023)" title="Global energy crisis (2021–2023)">global energy crisis of 2021-2023</a>, involving an increase in gas and other energy prices due to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> on 24 February 2022. This crisis created the need to find an alternative supplier to Russia, subject to <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#EU_sanctions" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">European Union sanctions</a>. With rising energy prices, inflation <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge#Europe" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">rose in Europe</a>, which was addressed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> with a progressive increase in interest rates. Furthermore, the PNRR (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_Nazionale_di_Ripresa_e_Resilienza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (page does not exist)">Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Nazionale_di_Ripresa_e_Resilienza" class="extiw" title="it:Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza">it</a>]) had to be re-calibrated and re-agreed with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, to address the new geopolitical situation which led to the <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">energy crisis and damage to supply chains</a>, causing shortages in raw materials.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In March 2023, the <a href="/wiki/2023_United_States_banking_crisis" title="2023 United States banking crisis">United States banking crisis</a> occurred with some bankruptcies and restructuring of American banks, however it was soon understood that it was a short-lived economic-financial phenomenon limited to the United States, although with some concern, it has not had an impact in the European area, with the exception of the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. As a consequence, Italy is witnessing a tightening of its credit policies. For Italian banks, there was an opportunity to strengthen themselves, thanks to the high rates imposed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>. The new BTP Valore bonds were released, which were very successful among the private operators to whom they were marketed due to the high interest rates.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> From October 7, 2023, geopolitical tensions are becoming more intense, related to the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">conflict in the Middle East</a>. In 2024, however, the Italian economy continues to maintain its resilient strength, thanks to the reduction in energy prices, and the maintenance or reduction of oil prices, this stability allows a reduction in inflation. In September 2024, the European Central Bank has decreased interest rates by 0.25 percentage points. The Italian economy copes with a geopolitical scenario that was significantly deteriorating with the exacerbation of ongoing war conflicts. Strategic assets are better protected, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Sector">defense sector</a>. Furthermore, the implementation of the PNRR plan, which must be completed by 2026, has brought benefits to many economic sectors.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency">Currency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Currency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">History of coins in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg/220px-100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg/330px-100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg/440px-100_lire_Repubblica_Italiana_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>100 lire coin, 1956, with goddess <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a> holding an olive tree and a long spear depicted on the reverse</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Italy has a long history of different coinage types</a>, which spans thousands of years. Italy has been influential at a coinage point of view: the medieval <a href="/wiki/Florin_(Italian_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Florin (Italian coin)">Florentine florin</a>, one of the most used coinage types in European history and one of the most important coins in Western history,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> was struck in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> in the <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Sequin_(coin)" title="Sequin (coin)">Venetian sequin</a>, minted from 1284 to 1797, was the most prestigious gold coin in circulation in the commercial centers of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Despite the fact that the first Italian coinage systems were used in the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_people" title="Roman people">Romans</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">a widespread currency</a> throughout Italy. Unlike most modern coins, Roman coins had intrinsic value.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The early modern Italian coins were very similar in style to French francs, especially in decimals, since it was ruled by the country in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a>. They corresponded to a value of 0.29 grams of gold or 4.5 grams of silver.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Since Italy has been for centuries divided into many <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">historic states</a>, they all had different coinage systems, but when the country became <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">unified</a> in 1861, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a> came into place, and was used until 2002. The term originates from libra, the largest unit of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_monetary_system" title="Carolingian monetary system">Carolingian monetary system</a> used in Western Europe and elsewhere from the 8th to the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> became Italy's <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_account" title="Unit of account">unit of account</a> and the lira became a national subunit of the euro at a rate of 1 euro = 1,936.27 lire, before being replaced as cash in 2002. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data">Data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Data">edit</a>]</div> The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates in 2022–2027). Inflation below 5% is in green.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>GDP (in Bil. US$PPP) </th> <th>GDP per capita (in US$ PPP) </th> <th>GDP (in Bil. US$nominal) </th> <th>GDP per capita (in US$ nominal) </th> <th>GDP growth (real) </th> <th>Inflation rate (in Percent) </th> <th>Unemployment (in Percent) </th> <th>Government debt (in % of GDP) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td>614.4 </td> <td>10,895.8 </td> <td>482.7 </td> <td>8,559.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.1% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21.8% </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />676.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11,973.7 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />437.7 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7,749.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />19.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.6% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />719.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />12,723.3 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />432.6 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7,652.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />16.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.3% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />754.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />13,334.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />448.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7,936.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />14.7% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.4% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />805.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />14,231.6 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />443.5 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7,840.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.8% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />852.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15,060.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />458.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8,093.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.2% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />893.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15,777.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />648.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11,461.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.9% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />943.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />16,664.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />814.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />14,385.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.1% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.6% </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,015.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />17,942.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />902.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15,934.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.1% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.7% </td> <td>95.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,089.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />19,238.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />938.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />16,560.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.3% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.2% </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />97.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,153.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20,338.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,170.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20,651.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.4% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />101.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,209.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21,309.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,236.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21,795.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.4% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />104.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,245.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21,941.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,312.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />23,116.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />112.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,264.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22,255.4 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,055.3 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />18,572.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-0.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />123.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,318.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />23,193.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,088.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />19,149.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.1% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.2% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />130.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,382.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />24,314.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,175.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20,675.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.7% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.4% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />119.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,425.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />25,073.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,312.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />23,094.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.0% </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />119.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,476.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />25,957.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,243.2 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />21,858.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.8% </td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />116.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,520.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />26,712.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,271.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22,348.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />114.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,566.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />27,526.6 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,253.7 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22,029.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.6% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.7% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.9% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />113.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,662.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />29,208.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,147.2 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20,153.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.6% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />109.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,733.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />30,429.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,168.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20,505.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />108.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,764.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />30,964.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,275.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />22,386.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.6% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.6% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />106.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,802.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />31,513.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,577.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />27,580.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.8% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.5% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />105.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,876.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />32,577.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,805.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />31,342.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.4% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />105.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,951.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33,621.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,859.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />32,031.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />106.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,047.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,131.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,949.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33,448.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />106.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,134.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,478.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,213.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />37,828.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.5% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />103.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,154.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,513.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,408.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />40,819.0 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-1.0% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />6.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />106.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,053.7 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34,561.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,197.5 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,982.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-5.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />116.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,114.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,415.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,137.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,815.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.7% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.5% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />119.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,173.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,250.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,294.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />38,276.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.7% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />119.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,172.4 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,143.0 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,088.3 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34,743.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-3.0% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.3% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />126.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,187.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,288.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,142.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,535.0 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-1.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.2% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />12.4% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />132.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,200.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,460.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,162.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,836.2 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.0% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />12.8% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />135.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,241.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />37,175.6 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,836.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />30,463.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.8% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />12.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />135.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,420.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />40,230.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,876.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />31,190.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-0.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.7% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />134.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,529.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />42,111.5 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,961.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />32,648.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.7% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />11.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />134.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,613.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />43,610.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,092.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34,917.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.9% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.6% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />134.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,674.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />44,702.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,011.5 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33,627.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.5% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.6% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.9% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />134.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,461.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />41,279.1 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,891.1 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />31,707.1 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-9.0% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />-0.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.3% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />155.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,734.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />46,164.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,101.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />35,472.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.5% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />150.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,022.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />51,061.8 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,996.9 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33,739.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.7% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8.8% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />147.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,124.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />52,825.3 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,991.0 </td> <td><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />33,662.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.9% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5.2% </td> <td><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.4% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />147.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,232.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />54,681.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,059.4 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34,835.9 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.3% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.7% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.3% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />146.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,328.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />56,320.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,133.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,092.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.1% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.2% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />144.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2026 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,428.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />58,024.2 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,213.7 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />37,470.1 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.1% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.1% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />143.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2027 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />3,520.3 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />59,611.0 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2,289.8 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />38,774.6 </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.7% </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />2.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />9.0% </td> <td><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />142.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Development of real GDP per capita, 1900 to 2018</figcaption></figure><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies">Companies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Companies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">List of companies of Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Italian_companies" title="List of largest Italian companies">List of largest Italian companies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italian_Companies_on_2019_Fortune_Global_500_List">Italian Companies on 2019 Fortune Global 500 List</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Italian Companies on 2019 Fortune Global 500 List">edit</a>]</div> This list displays all 6 Italian companies on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> List, which ranks the world's largest companies by annual revenue. The figures below are given in millions of <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US dollars</a> and are for the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2018.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> Also listed are the headquarters location, net profit and industry sector of each company. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Fortune 500 rank </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Industry </th> <th>Revenue (USD millions) </th> <th>Profits (USD millions) </th> <th>Employees </th> <th>Headquarters </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>83 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a> </td> <td>Oil and gas </td> <td style="text-align:center;">90,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,869 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31,701 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>89 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a> </td> <td>Electric utility </td> <td style="text-align:center;">89,306 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5,651 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">69,272 </td> <td>Rome </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>92 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Assicurazioni Generali</a> </td> <td>Insurance </td> <td style="text-align:center;">88,157 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,725 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">70,734 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>315 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a> </td> <td>Finance </td> <td style="text-align:center;">39,051 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,800 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">92,117 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>355 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poste_italiane" class="mw-redirect" title="Poste italiane">Poste italiane</a> </td> <td>Logistics </td> <td style="text-align:center;">35,071 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1,651 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">132,388 </td> <td>Rome </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>425 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a> </td> <td>Banking </td> <td style="text-align:center;">29,332 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4,594 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">86,786 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Italy is Services with 654,065 companies followed by Retail Trade and Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate with 519,448 and 348,881 companies respectively.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth">Wealth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Wealth">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_billionaires" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian billionaires">List of Italian billionaires</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg/220px-Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg/330px-Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg/440px-Stefano_Pessina_bluebackground.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Pessina" title="Stefano Pessina">Stefano Pessina</a></figcaption></figure> Italy has over 1.4 million people with a net wealth greater than $1 million, a total national wealth of $11.857 trillion, and represents the 5th largest cumulative net wealth globally (it accounts for 4.92% of the net wealth in the world).<a href="#cite_note-creditsuisse-114">[114]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>'s Global Wealth Databook 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Median" title="Median">median</a> wealth per adult is $138,653 (5th in the world),<a href="#cite_note-creditsuisse-114">[114]</a> while according to the <a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a>'s Global Wealth Report 2013, the net financial wealth per capita is €45,770 (13th in the world).<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The following top 10 list of Italian billionaires is based on an annual assessment of wealth and assets compiled and published by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#d1e4fd;"> <th>Rank (World)</th> <th>Rank (Italy)</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Net Worth ($bn)</th> <th>Main source </th> <th>Main sector </th></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>1</td> <td>Maria Franca Fissolo Ferrero & family</td> <td>25.2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero SpA</a> </td> <td>Food </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Del_Vecchio" title="Leonardo Del Vecchio">Leonardo Del Vecchio</a></td> <td>17.9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxottica" title="Luxottica">Luxottica</a> </td> <td>Eyewear </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Pessina" title="Stefano Pessina">Stefano Pessina</a></td> <td>13.9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walgreens_Boots_Alliance" title="Walgreens Boots Alliance">Walgreens Boots</a> </td> <td>Pharmaceutical retail </td></tr> <tr> <td>133</td> <td>4</td> <td>Massimiliana Landini Aleotti</td> <td>9.5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menarini" title="Menarini">Menarini</a> </td> <td>Pharmaceutical </td></tr> <tr> <td>199</td> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a></td> <td>7.0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fininvest" title="Fininvest">Fininvest</a> </td> <td>Financial services </td></tr> <tr> <td>215</td> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Armani" title="Giorgio Armani">Giorgio Armani</a></td> <td>6.6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armani" title="Armani">Armani</a> </td> <td>Fashion </td></tr> <tr> <td>250</td> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Perfetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusto Perfetti">Augusto</a> & <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Perfetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Giorgio Perfetti">Giorgio Perfetti</a></td> <td>5.8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perfetti_Van_Melle" title="Perfetti Van Melle">Perfetti Van Melle</a> </td> <td>Confectionery </td></tr> <tr> <td>385</td> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Rocca" title="Paolo Rocca">Paolo</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gianfelice_Rocca" title="Gianfelice Rocca">Gianfelice Rocca</a></td> <td>3.4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Techint" title="Techint">Techint</a> </td> <td>Conglomerate </td></tr> <tr> <td>474</td> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De%27Longhi" title="Giuseppe De'Longhi">Giuseppe De'Longhi</a></td> <td>3.8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/De%27Longhi" class="mw-redirect" title="De'Longhi">De'Longhi</a> </td> <td>Small appliance </td></tr> <tr> <td>603</td> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrizio_Bertelli" title="Patrizio Bertelli">Patrizio Bertelli</a></td> <td>3.3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prada" title="Prada">Prada</a> </td> <td>Apparels </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_data">Regional data</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Regional data">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">List of Italian regions by GDP</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_(2018)_shades_of_blue-green.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png/220px-Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png/330px-Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png/440px-Map_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP_per_capita_in_euros_%282018%29_shades_of_blue-green.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Map of Italian regions by GDP per capita in 2018</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>2022 Gross Domestic Product in Italy<a href="#cite_note-Eurostat_regional_GDP-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a> </th> <th>GDP €m </th> <th>2015 GDP €m </th> <th>% of Nation </th> <th>€ per capita (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1,946,479 </td> <td>1,645,439 </td> <td>100.00 </td> <td>34,084 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />439,986.38 </td> <td>357,200 </td> <td>21.71 </td> <td>46,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1101" /> <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />212,911.42 </td> <td>192,642 </td> <td>11.09 </td> <td>38,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/23px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/35px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/45px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="776" /> <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />180,173.48 </td> <td>151,634 </td> <td>9.21 </td> <td>38,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />176,844.9 </td> <td>149,525 </td> <td>9.08 </td> <td>41,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/45px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />145,913.79 </td> <td>127,365 </td> <td>7.74 </td> <td>35,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />128,308.37 </td> <td>110,332 </td> <td>6.70 </td> <td>36,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Campania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Campania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />119,467.68 </td> <td>100,544 </td> <td>6.11 </td> <td>22,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sicily_%28revised%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /> <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />97,124.1 </td> <td>87,383 </td> <td>5.31 </td> <td>21,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />85,960.7 </td> <td>72,135 </td> <td>4.38 </td> <td>22,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Liguria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Liguria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />53,854.51 </td> <td>47,663 </td> <td>2.90 </td> <td>37,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/23px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/35px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/45px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />45,859.37 </td> <td>40,593 </td> <td>2.47 </td> <td>32,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />43,048.67 </td> <td>35,669 </td> <td>2.17 </td> <td>37,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />37,978.08 </td> <td>32,481 </td> <td>1.97 </td> <td>25,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="692" /> <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />36,081.42 </td> <td>32,795 </td> <td>1.99 </td> <td>20,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />34,572.45 </td> <td>32,592 </td> <td>1.98 </td> <td>28,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />29,106.27 </td> <td>- </td> <td> </td> <td>56,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />24,264.04 </td> <td>21,438 </td> <td>1.30 </td> <td>29,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Trento.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="709" /> <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />24,002.76 </td> <td>- </td> <td> </td> <td>46,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/23px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/35px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/45px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="593" /> <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15,252.69 </td> <td>11,449 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>29,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/23px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/35px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/45px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7,219.42 </td> <td>6,042 </td> <td>0.36 </td> <td>25,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> </td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />5,404.03 </td> <td>4,374 </td> <td>0.27 </td> <td>45,700 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_question">Southern question</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Southern question">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Industry_1871.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Italy_Industry_1871.svg/220px-Italy_Industry_1871.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Italy_Industry_1871.svg/330px-Italy_Industry_1871.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Italy_Industry_1871.svg/440px-Italy_Industry_1871.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Normalized index of industrialization of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Italian provinces</a> in 1871 (the national average is 1.0). Source: <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Bank of Italy</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over 1.4</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  From 1.1 to 1.4</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  From 0.9 to 1.1</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Up to 0.9</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/220px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/330px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/440px-Map_of_the_Italian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian diaspora</a> in the world</figcaption></figure> In the decades following the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="North Italy">northern regions of the country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> in particular, began a process of industrialization and economic development while the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern regions</a> remained behind.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> At the time of the unification of the country, there was a shortage of entrepreneurs in the south, with landowners who were often absent from their farms as they lived permanently in the city, leaving the management of their funds to managers, who were not encouraged by the owners to make the agricultural estates to the maximum.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Landowners invested not in agricultural equipment, but in such things as low-risk state bonds.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-121">[121]</a> In southern Italy, the unification of the country broke down the feudal land system, which had survived in the south since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, especially where land had been the inalienable property of aristocrats, religious bodies or the king. The breakdown of <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>, however, and redistribution of land did not necessarily lead to small farmers in the south winding up with land of their own or land they could work and make profit from. Many remained landless, and plots grew smaller and smaller and so less and less productive, as land was subdivided amongst heirs.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald-121">[121]</a> This gap between northern and southern Italy, called "<a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">southern question</a>", was also induced by the region-specific policies selected by the post-unitary governments.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> For example, the 1887 protectionist reform, instead of safeguarding the arboriculture sectors crushed by 1880s fall in prices, shielded the Po Valley wheat breeding and those Northern textile and manufacturing industries that had survived the liberal years due to state intervention.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> A similar logic guided the assignment of monopoly rights in the steamboat construction and navigation sectors and, above all, the public spending in the railway sector, which represented 53% of the 1861–1911 total.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The resources necessary to finance the public spending effort were obtained through highly unbalanced land property taxes, which affected the key source of savings available for investment in the growth sectors absent a developed banking system.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Given the inability of the government to estimate the land profitability, especially because of the huge differences among the regional cadast:ers, this policy irreparably induced large regional discrepancies.<a href="#cite_note-:1-126">[126]</a> This policy destroyed the relationship between the central state and the Southern population by unchaining first a civil war called <a href="/wiki/Brigandage_in_Southern_Italy_after_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861">Brigandage</a>, which brought about 20,000 victims by 1864 and the militarization of the area, and then <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora"> favouring emigration, especially from 1892 to 1921</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The north–south gap was intensified by language differences. Southerners spoke the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian language</a> or a variation of it: a language that developed from Latin and other influences independently of and prior to the Tuscan dialect that was adopted as the official Italian language ("standard Italian"). The <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian language</a> is a complete, distinct language with its own vocabulary, syntax and grammar rules, the latter being less complex than standard Italian. But because of its similarity to Italian, northerners incorrectly assumed that it was an imperfect dialect of Italian and denigrated it as the "dialect of the poor and ignorant". This has led to continued bias by the North against southerners who "don't speak proper Italian". After the rise of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, the "Iron Prefect" <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Mori" title="Cesare Mori">Cesare Mori</a> tried to defeat the already powerful <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime_in_Italy" title="Organized crime in Italy">criminal organizations flourishing in the South</a> with some degree of success. Fascist policy aimed at the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> and Southern Italian ports were strategic for all commerce towards the colonies. With the invasion of Southern Italy during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> restored the authority of the mafia families, lost during the Fascist period, and used their influence to maintain public order.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Mussolini also established laws requiring standard Italian to be taught in school, and discouraging the use of local Italian dialects throughout the nation, as well as the Sicilian language. In the 1950s the <a href="/wiki/Cassa_per_il_Mezzogiorno" title="Cassa per il Mezzogiorno">Cassa per il Mezzogiorno</a> was set up as a huge public master plan to help industrialize the South, aiming to do this in two ways: through land reforms creating 120,000 new <a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">smallholdings</a>, and through the "Growth Pole Strategy" whereby 60% of all government investment would go to the South, thus boosting the Southern economy by attracting new capital, stimulating local firms, and providing employment. However, the objectives were largely missed, and as a result, the South became increasingly subsidized and state-dependent, incapable of generating private growth itself.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The imbalance between North and South was reduced in the 1960s and 1970s through the construction of public works, the implementation of agrarian and scholastic reforms,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> the expansion of industrialization and the improved living conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of Italy">population</a>. This convergence process was interrupted, however, in the 1980s. To date, the per capita <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of the South is just 58% of that of the <a href="/wiki/North_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="North Italy">Center-North</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> but this gap is mitigated by the fact that there the <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">cost of living</a> is around 10-15% lower on average (with even more differences between small towns and big cities) than that in the North of Italy.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In the South the unemployment rate is more than double (6.7% in the North against 14.9% in the South).<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> A study by Censis blames the pervasive presence of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Criminal_Law_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Criminal Law System">criminal organizations</a> for the delay of Southern Italy, estimating an annual loss of wealth of 2.5% in the South in the period between 1981–2003 due to their presence, and that without them the per capita GDP of the South would have reached that of the North.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_sectors">Economic sectors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economic sectors">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Primary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_in_Piemonte,_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Landscape_of_Piedmont:_Langhe-Roero_and_Monferrato" title="Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato">Vineyards in Langhe and Montferrat, Piedmont</a>. Italy is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine-producing countries">world's largest wine producer</a> (22% of the global market), as well as the country with the widest variety of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">grapevine</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-wine-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG/220px-Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG/330px-Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG/440px-Veduta_della_Basilica_di_San_Francesco_ad_Assisi_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Cultivated field in <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a> is in the background.</figcaption></figure> According to the last national agricultural census, there were 1.6 million farms in 2010 (−32.4% since 2000) covering 12,700,000 ha or 31,382,383 acres (63% of which are located in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>).<a href="#cite_note-agrocensus-137">[137]</a> The vast majority (99%) are family-operated and small, averaging only 8 ha (20 acres) in size.<a href="#cite_note-agrocensus-137">[137]</a> Of the total surface area in agricultural use (forestry excluded), grain fields take up 31%, <a href="/wiki/Olive_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Olive tree">olive tree</a> orchards 8.2%, <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">vineyards</a> 5.4%, <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> orchards 3.8%, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beets</a> 1.7%, and horticulture 2.4%. The remainder is primarily dedicated to pastures (25.9%) and feed grains (11.6%).<a href="#cite_note-agrocensus-137">[137]</a> The northern part of Italy produces primarily maize corn, rice, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, meat, fruits and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a>, while the South specializes in wheat, olive and <a href="/wiki/Citrus_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus fruit">citrus fruits</a>. Livestock includes 6 million head of cattle, 8.6 million head of <a href="/wiki/Swine" class="mw-redirect" title="Swine">swine</a>, 6.8 million head of sheep, and 0.9 million head of goats.<a href="#cite_note-agrocensus-137">[137]</a> The total annual production of the <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">fishing industry in Italy</a> from capture and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molluscs" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscs">molluscs</a>, is around 480,000 tons. Italy is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine-producing countries">largest producer of wine</a> in the world, and one of the leading producers of <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, fruits (apples, olives, grapes, oranges, lemons, pears, apricots, hazelnuts, peaches, cherries, plums, strawberries, and kiwifruits), and vegetables (especially artichokes and tomatoes). The most famous <a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Italian wines</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Tuscany_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscany (wine)">Tuscan</a> <a href="/wiki/Chianti" title="Chianti">Chianti</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont (wine)">Piedmontese</a> <a href="/wiki/Barolo" title="Barolo">Barolo</a>. Other famous wines are <a href="/wiki/Barbaresco" title="Barbaresco">Barbaresco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbera_d%27Asti" title="Barbera d'Asti">Barbera d'Asti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunello_di_Montalcino" title="Brunello di Montalcino">Brunello di Montalcino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frascati_DOC" title="Frascati DOC">Frascati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montepulciano_d%27Abruzzo" title="Montepulciano d'Abruzzo">Montepulciano d'Abruzzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morellino_di_Scansano" title="Morellino di Scansano">Morellino di Scansano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amarone" title="Amarone">Amarone</a> della Valpolicella DOCG and the <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wines</a> <a href="/wiki/Franciacorta_DOCG" title="Franciacorta DOCG">Franciacorta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a>. Quality goods in which Italy specialises, particularly the already mentioned wines and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOP_cheeses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian DOP cheeses">regional cheeses</a>, are often protected under the quality assurance labels <a href="/wiki/Denominazione_di_origine_controllata" title="Denominazione di origine controllata">DOC/DOP</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">geographical indication certificate</a>, which is attributed by the European Union, is considered important to avoid confusion with low-quality mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Ersatz_good" title="Ersatz good">ersatz products</a>. In fact, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a> is one of the most popular and copied around the world.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-138">[138]</a> The lack or total unavailability of some of its most characteristic ingredients outside of Italy, also and above all to falsifications (or food fraud), leads to the complete denaturalization of Italian ingredients.<a href="#cite_note-contraffazione-139">[139]</a> This phenomenon, widespread in all continents, is better known as <a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a>, consisting in the use of words as well as images, colour combinations (the <a href="/wiki/Italian_tricolour" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian tricolour">Italian tricolour</a>), geographical references, brands evocative of Italy to promote and market agri-food products which in reality have nothing to do with Italian cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-agrifood-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Secondary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Eni_building,_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa,_Roma,_Lazio,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-The_Eni_building%2C_Quartiere_XXXII_Europa%2C_Roma%2C_Lazio%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1889" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a> is considered one of the world's oil and gas "<a href="/wiki/Supermajors" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermajors">Supermajors</a>"<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg/220px-Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg/330px-Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg/440px-Arduino_UNO_unpacked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arduino_Uno" title="Arduino Uno">Arduino Uno</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single-board_microcontroller" title="Single-board microcontroller">MCU board</a> made in Italy has gained popularity worldwide<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></figcaption></figure> Italy is the world's sixth-largest <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> country.<a href="#cite_note-databank-39">[39]</a> Italy has a smaller number of global multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size, but it has a large number of <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized enterprises</a>, many of them grouped in clusters, which are the backbone of the Italian industry.<a href="#cite_note-Mignone2008-143">[143]</a> This results in a manufacturing sector often focused on the export of <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche market</a> and luxury products, that is less capable of competing on quantity but is more capable of facing the competition of emerging economies based on lower labour costs, given the higher quality of its products.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">industrial districts</a> are regionalized: in the Northwest, there is a large modern group of industries, as in the so-called "industrial triangle" (Milan-Turin-Genoa), where there is an area of intense <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">machinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aerospace</a> production and shipbuilding; in the Northeast, an area that experienced social and economic development mostly around family-based firms, there are mostly small and medium enterprises of lower technology but high craftsmanship, specializing in machinery, clothing, leather products, footwear, furniture, textiles, machine tools, spare parts, home appliances, and jewellery. In central Italy, there are mostly small and medium-sized companies specializing in products such as textiles, leather, jewellery but also machinery.<a href="#cite_note-Mignone2008-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> According to a study carried out in 2015 by the Edison Foundation and <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Italian_Industry" title="General Confederation of Italian Industry">Confindustria</a> on the most industrialized provinces in <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">Europe</a>, of the five most industrialized provinces in Europe, three are Italian provinces. <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> turns out to be the first European province for value added by industry, with an added value over 10 billion <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">automotive industry in Italy</a> is a significant part of the manufacturing sector, with over 144,000 firms and almost 485,000 employed people in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> and a contribution of 8.5% to Italian <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-acea.thisconnect.com-148">[148]</a> Italy's <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a> is best known for its automobile designs and small city cars, sports and supercars. Italy is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">significant automobile producers</a> both in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and around the world. Today the Italian automotive industry is almost totally dominated by <a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat Group</a> (now included in <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> corporation). As well as its own, predominantly mass market model range, Stellantis owns the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> brand, the upmarket <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a> brands, and the exotic <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a> brand. Luxury cars such as <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a>, Maserati and <a href="/wiki/Ducati" title="Ducati">Ducati</a> motorcycles are also made in the Northeast region of Emilia-Romagna. Italian cars have won the annual <a href="/wiki/European_Car_of_the_Year" title="European Car of the Year">European Car of the Year</a> award several times (with Fiat winning more than any other manufacturer), and have also been awarded the <a href="/wiki/World_Car_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="World Car of the Year">World Car of the Year</a> award. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary">Tertiary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tertiary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Italian_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Bourse">Italian Bourse</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">List of banks in Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg/220px-Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg/330px-Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg/440px-Palazzo_mezzanotte_Milan_Stock_Exchange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4832" data-file-height="3404" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mezzanotte" title="Palazzo Mezzanotte">Palazzo Mezzanotte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Bourse">Italian Bourse</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg/220px-Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg/330px-Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg/440px-Portofino_-_2016-06-02_-_View_from_Chiesa_San_Giorgio_-_3284.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4780" data-file-height="2689" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Portofino" title="Portofino">Portofino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italian_Riviera" title="Italian Riviera">Italian Riviera</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg/220px-Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg/330px-Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg/440px-Positano_-_Fornillo_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3783" data-file-height="2533" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Coast" title="Amalfi Coast">Amalfi Coast</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Italy's major tourist destinations</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></figcaption></figure> In Italy, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">services</a> represent the most important sector of the economy, both in terms of number of employees (67% of the total) and value-added (71%).<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Furthermore, the sector is by far the most dynamic: over 51% of the more than 5,000,000 companies operating in Italy today belong to the services sector, and in this sector over 67% of new businesses are born.<a href="#cite_note-ascompd-151">[151]</a> Very important activities in Italy are <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">tourism</a>, trade, services to people and businesses (advanced tertiary). In 2006 the main sectoral data are: for trade, there are 1,600,000 enterprises, equal to 26% of the Italian entrepreneurial fabric, and over 3,500,000 work units. Transport, communications, tourism and consumption outside the home, over 582,000 businesses, equal to 9.5% of the entrepreneurial fabric, almost 3,500,000 work units. Business services: 630,000 registered companies, equal to 10.3% of the entrepreneurial fabric, over 2,800,000 work units.<a href="#cite_note-ascompd-151">[151]</a> In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated a turnover of about 119.4 billion euros, employing 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises. <a href="/wiki/Italian_Bourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Bourse">Italian Bourse</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a>. It manages and organises the domestic market, regulating procedures for admission and listing of companies and intermediaries and supervising disclosures for listed companies.<a href="#cite_note-Borsa_Italiana-152">[152]</a> Following exchange privatisation in 1997, the Italian Bourse was established and became effective on 2 January 1998.<a href="#cite_note-Privatisation-153">[153]</a> On 23 June 2007, the Italian Bourse became a subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-London_Stock_Exchange_Group-154">[154]</a> As of April 2018, overall capitalisation for listed companies on Borsa Italiana was worth €644.3 billion, representing 37.8% of Italian <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2018_capitalisation-155">[155]</a> Italy is the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">fourth most visited country</a>, with a total of 57 million arrivals in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Barom_May24-156">[156]</a> The total contribution of the <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">tourism in Italy</a> to GDP (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced income impacts) was EUR162.7bn in 2014 (10.1% of GDP) and generated 1,082,000 jobs directly in 2014 (4.8% of total employment).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Factors of tourist interest in Italy are mainly <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">fashion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">art</a>, religious sites and routes, wedding tourism, naturalistic beauties, nightlife, underwater sites and spas.<a href="#cite_note-turismo-wedding-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-studiare-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Winter and summer tourism are present in many locations in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Apennines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-alloggitaly-165">[165]</a> while seaside tourism is widespread in coastal locations on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turismo-oggi-166">[166]</a> Italy is the leading cruise tourism destination in the Mediterranean Sea.<a href="#cite_note-lagenziadiviaggi-167">[167]</a> Small, historical and artistic Italian villages are promoted through the association <a href="/wiki/I_Borghi_pi%C3%B9_belli_d%27Italia" title="I Borghi più belli d'Italia">I Borghi più belli d'Italia</a> (literally "The Most Beautiful Villages of Italy"). The origins of modern banking can be traced to medieval and early <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance Italy</a>, to the rich cities like <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucca" title="Lucca">Lucca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Venice and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bardi_family" title="Bardi family">Bardi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peruzzi" title="Peruzzi">Peruzzi</a> families dominated banking in 14th-century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> One of the most famous Italian banks was the <a href="/wiki/Medici_Bank" title="Medici Bank">Medici Bank</a>, set up by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_di_Bicci_de%27_Medici" title="Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici">Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici</a> in 1397.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> The earliest known state deposit bank, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Saint_George" title="Bank of Saint George">Bank of Saint George</a>, was founded in 1407 in Genoa,<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Banca_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena" title="Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena">Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena</a>, founded in 1472, is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_banks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of oldest banks">oldest or second oldest bank</a> in continuous operation, depending on the definition, and the third-largest Italian commercial and retail bank.<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-171">[171]</a> Today, among the financial services companies, <a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a> is one of the largest banks in Europe by capitalization and <a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Assicurazioni Generali</a> is second largest insurance group in the world by revenue after <a href="/wiki/AXA" class="mw-redirect" title="AXA">AXA</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siena,_Piazza_Salimbeni_(Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena)_(38588876202).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg/220px-Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg/330px-Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg/440px-Siena%2C_Piazza_Salimbeni_%28Bank_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena%29_%2838588876202%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Banca_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena" title="Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena">Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena</a>, founded in 1472, is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_banks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of oldest banks">oldest or second oldest bank</a> in continuous operation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg/220px-Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg/330px-Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg/440px-Unicredit_Tower_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a> bank in Milan</figcaption></figure> The following is a list of the main Italian banks and insurance groups ranked by total assets and <a href="/wiki/Gross_premiums_written" title="Gross premiums written">gross premiums written</a>. <dl><dd>As of 31 December 2013[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>]</dd></dl> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="left"> <caption>Banks<a href="#cite_note-mbres-172">[172]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#d1e4fd;"> <th>Rank</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Headquarters</th> <th>Assets (€ mil.) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td>982,151 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td>676,798 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banca_Monte_dei_Paschi_di_Siena" title="Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena">Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></td> <td>197,943 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banco_Popolare" title="Banco Popolare">Banco Popolare</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></td> <td>123,743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/UBI_Banca" title="UBI Banca">UBI Banca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></td> <td>121,323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banca_Nazionale_del_Lavoro" title="Banca Nazionale del Lavoro">Banca Nazionale del Lavoro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td>84,892 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediobanca" title="Mediobanca">Mediobanca</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td>72,428 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banca_Popolare_dell%27Emilia_Romagna" class="mw-redirect" title="Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna">Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></td> <td>61,266 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banca_Popolare_di_Milano" title="Banca Popolare di Milano">Banca Popolare di Milano</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td>49,257 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cariparma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cariparma">Cariparma</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></td> <td>48,235 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="left"> <caption>Insurance groups<a href="#cite_note-mbres-172">[172]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#d1e4fd;"> <th>Rank</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Headquarters</th> <th>Premiums (€ mil.) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Assicurazioni Generali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></td> <td>70,323 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vita" class="mw-redirect" title="Poste Vita">Poste Vita</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> <td>18,238 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unipol" title="Unipol">Unipol</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></td> <td>15,564 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td>12,464 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cattolica_Assicurazioni" title="Cattolica Assicurazioni">Cattolica Assicurazioni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></td> <td>5,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reale_Mutua_Assicurazioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reale Mutua Assicurazioni (page does not exist)">Reale Mutua Assicurazioni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></td> <td>3,847 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vittoria_Assicurazioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vittoria Assicurazioni (page does not exist)">Vittoria Assicurazioni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></td> <td>1,281 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_and_natural_resources">Energy and natural resources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Energy and natural resources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy in Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Renewable energy in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/220px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/330px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/440px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Solar panels in <a href="/wiki/Piombino" title="Piombino">Piombino</a>. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.<a href="#cite_note-legambiente2015-173">[173]</a></figcaption></figure> Italy consumed about 185 <a href="/wiki/Tonne_of_oil_equivalent" title="Tonne of oil equivalent">Mtoe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Primary_energy" title="Primary energy">primary energy</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> This came mostly from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a>. Among the most used resources are <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> (mostly used for the transport sector), <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> (used for electric energy production and heating), <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">renewables</a>. Electricity is produced mainly from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>, which accounts for the source of more than half of the total final electric energy produced. Another important source is <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_Italy" title="Hydroelectricity in Italy">hydroelectric power</a>, which was practically the only source of electricity until 1960. <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a>, with operations in 79 countries, is considered one of the seven "<a href="/wiki/Supermajor" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermajor">Supermajor</a>" oil companies in the world, and one of the world's largest industrial companies.<a href="#cite_note-Eni-175">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Val%27d_Agri_oil_field" title="Val'd Agri oil field">Val d'Agri</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, hosts the largest <a href="/wiki/Onshore_(hydrocarbons)" title="Onshore (hydrocarbons)">onshore</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrocarbon field">hydrocarbon field</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Moderate natural gas reserves, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Po_Valley" title="Po Valley">Po Valley</a> and offshore <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>, have been discovered in recent years and constitute the country's most important mineral resource. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_resources_of_Italy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Natural_resources_of_Italy.png/310px-Natural_resources_of_Italy.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Natural_resources_of_Italy.png/465px-Natural_resources_of_Italy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Natural_resources_of_Italy.png/620px-Natural_resources_of_Italy.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2464" /></a><figcaption>Natural resources of Italy. Metals are in blue (Al – aluminium ore, Mn — <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, Fe – iron ore, Hg — <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, PM – polymetallic ores (<a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a>), PY — <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>). Fossil fuels are in red (C – coal, G – natural gas, L — <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a>, P – petroleum). Non-metallic minerals are in green (ASB — <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>, F — <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a>, K — <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>, MAR — <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, S — <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>).</figcaption></figure> Most raw materials needed for manufacturing and more than 80% of the country's energy sources are imported (99.7% of the solid fuels demand, 92.5% of oil, 91.2% of natural gas and 13% of electricity).<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Due to its reliance on imports, Italians pay approximately 45% more than the EU average for electricity.<a href="#cite_note-nuclear-179">[179]</a> In the last decade, Italy has become one of the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_production_from_renewable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources">largest producers of renewable energy</a>, ranking as the second largest producer in the European Union and the ninth in the world. <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Italy" title="Wind power in Italy">Wind power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_Italy" title="Hydroelectricity in Italy">hydroelectricity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Italy" title="Geothermal power in Italy">geothermal power</a> are also important <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Italy" title="Electricity sector in Italy">sources of electricity in the country</a>. Italy was the <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Italy" title="Geothermal power in Italy">first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNMIG-180">[180]</a> The first Italian geothermal power plant was built in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>, which is where all currently active geothermal plants in Italy are located. In 2014 the geothermal production was 5.92 TWh.<a href="#cite_note-Terna_data-181">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Italy" title="Solar power in Italy">Solar energy</a> production alone accounted for almost 9% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.<a href="#cite_note-legambiente2015-173">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Montalto_di_Castro_Photovoltaic_Power_Station" title="Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station">Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station</a>, completed in 2010, is the largest photovoltaic power station in Italy with 85 MW. Other examples of large PV plants in Italy are San Bellino (70.6 MW), Cellino san Marco (42.7 MW) and Sant’ Alberto (34.6 MW).<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Italy was also the first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity.<a href="#cite_note-UNMIG-180">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Renewable sources</a> account for 27.5% of all electricity produced in Italy, with hydro alone reaching 12.6%, followed by solar at 5.7%, wind at 4.1%, bioenergy at 3.5%, and geothermal at 1.6%.<a href="#cite_note-gse-183">[183]</a> The rest of the national demand is covered by fossil fuels (38.2% natural gas, 13% coal, 8.4% oil) and by imports.<a href="#cite_note-gse-183">[183]</a> Italy has managed four nuclear reactors until the 1980s, but in 1987, after the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>, a large majority of Italians passed a <a href="/wiki/Italian_referendums,_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian referendums, 1987">referendum</a> opting for phasing out <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Italy" title="Nuclear power in Italy">nuclear power in Italy</a>. The government responded by closing existing nuclear power plants and stopping work on projects underway, continuing to work to the nuclear energy program abroad. The national power company <a href="/wiki/Enel" title="Enel">Enel</a> operates seven nuclear reactors in Spain (through <a href="/wiki/Endesa_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endesa (Spain)">Endesa</a>) and four in <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (through <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A9_elektr%C3%A1rne" title="Slovenské elektrárne">Slovenské elektrárne</a>),<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> and in 2005 made an agreement with <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> for a nuclear reactor in France.<a href="#cite_note-nuclear-179">[179]</a> With these agreements, Italy has managed to access nuclear power and direct involvement in design, construction, and operation of the plants without placing reactors on Italian territory.<a href="#cite_note-nuclear-179">[179]</a> In the early 1970s Italy was a major producer of <a href="/wiki/Pyrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrites">pyrites</a> (from the Tuscan <a href="/wiki/Maremma" title="Maremma">Maremma</a>), <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/Balangero" title="Balangero">Balangero</a> mines), <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a> (found in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>), and salt. At the same time, it was self-sufficient in aluminium (from <a href="/wiki/Gargano" title="Gargano">Gargano</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulphur</a> (from Sicily), lead, and <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-nat_resources-185">[185]</a> By the beginning of the 1990s, however, it had lost all its world-ranking positions and was no longer self-sufficient in those resources. There are no substantial deposits of iron, coal, or oil. Italy is one of the world's leading producers of <a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozzolana" title="Pozzolana">pozzolana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nat_resources-185">[185]</a> Another mineral resource for which Italy is well-known is <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, especially the world-famous white <a href="/wiki/Carrara_marble" title="Carrara marble">Carrara marble</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massa_and_Carrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Massa and Carrara">Massa and Carrara</a> quarries in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A8-A26_Besnate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A8-A26_Besnate.jpg/220px-A8-A26_Besnate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A8-A26_Besnate.jpg/330px-A8-A26_Besnate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/A8-A26_Besnate.jpg/440px-A8-A26_Besnate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_dei_Laghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada dei Laghi">Autostrada dei Laghi</a> ("Lakes Motorway"; now parts of the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A8_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A8 (Italy)">Autostrada A8</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A9_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A9 (Italy)">Autostrada A9</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Besnate" title="Besnate">Besnate</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> built in the world.<a href="#cite_note-independent-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-motorwebmuseum-187">[187]</a></figcaption></figure> Regarding the national road network, in 2002 there were 668,721 km (415,524 mi) of serviceable <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">roads in Italy</a>, including 6,487 km (4,031 mi) of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by <a href="/wiki/Atlantia_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantia (company)">Atlantia</a>. In 2005, about 34,667,000 <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">passenger cars</a> (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.<a href="#cite_note-European_Commission-188">[188]</a> Italy was the first country in the world to build <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorways</a>, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy" title="Autostrade of Italy">autostrade</a>, reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only.<a href="#cite_note-independent-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-motorwebmuseum-187">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_dei_Laghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrada dei Laghi">Autostrada dei Laghi</a> ("Lakes Motorway"), the first built in the world, connecting <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a>, and now parts of the <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A8_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A8 (Italy)">A8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A9_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A9 (Italy)">A9</a> motorways, was devised by <a href="/wiki/Piero_Puricelli" title="Piero Puricelli">Piero Puricelli</a> and was inaugurated in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-motorwebmuseum-187">[187]</a> He received the first authorization to build a public-utility fast road in 1921. By the end of the 1930s, over 400 kilometres of multi- and dual-single-lane motorways were constructed throughout Italy, linking cities and rural towns. Italy is one of the countries with the most vehicles per capita, with 690 per 1000 people in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Wards11-189">[189]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/220px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/330px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg/440px-Frecciarossa_1000_nuova_livrea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane" title="Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane">FS</a>' <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> high speed train at <a href="/wiki/Milano_Centrale_railway_station" title="Milano Centrale railway station">Milano Centrale railway station</a>, with a maximum speed of 400 km/h (249 mph),<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">national railway network</a> is also extensive, especially in the north, totalizing 16,862 km of which 69% are electrified and on which 4,937 locomotives and railcars circulate. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rail_transport_network_size" title="List of countries by rail transport network size">12th largest in the world</a>, and is operated by state-owned <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">rail tracks</a> and infrastructure are managed by <a href="/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">Rete Ferroviaria Italiana</a>. While a number of private railroads exist and provide mostly <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter-type</a> services, the national railway also provides sophisticated <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Italy" title="High-speed rail in Italy">high-speed rail</a> service that joins the major cities. The <a href="/wiki/Florence%E2%80%93Rome_high-speed_railway" title="Florence–Rome high-speed railway">Florence–Rome high-speed railway</a> was the first high-speed line opened in Europe when more than half of it opened in 1977. In 1991 the <a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">TAV</a> was created for the planning and construction of <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> lines along Italy's most important and saturated transport routes (Milan-Rome-Naples and Turin-Milan-Venice). High-speed trains include <a href="/wiki/ElettroTreno" title="ElettroTreno">ETR</a>-class trains, with the <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> reaching 400 km/h. Higher-speed trains are divided into three categories: <a href="/wiki/Frecciarossa" title="Frecciarossa">Frecciarossa</a> (English: red arrow) trains operate at a maximum speed of 300 km/h on dedicated high-speed tracks; <a href="/wiki/Frecciargento" title="Frecciargento">Frecciargento</a> (English: silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum speed of 250 km/h on both high-speed and mainline tracks; and <a href="/wiki/Frecciabianca" title="Frecciabianca">Frecciabianca</a> (English: white arrow) trains operate on high-speed regional lines at a maximum speed of 200 km/h. Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with its neighbouring countries. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One-belt-one-road.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/One-belt-one-road.svg/220px-One-belt-one-road.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/One-belt-one-road.svg/330px-One-belt-one-road.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/One-belt-one-road.svg/440px-One-belt-one-road.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>21st Century <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> with its connections to Italy</figcaption></figure> Since October 2021, Italy's <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> airline is <a href="/wiki/ITA_Airways" title="ITA Airways">ITA Airways</a>, which took over the brand, the IATA ticketing code, and many assets belonging to the former flag carrier <a href="/wiki/Alitalia" title="Alitalia">Alitalia</a>, after its bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> ITA Airways serves 44 destinations (as of October 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit">[update]</a>) and also operates the former Alitalia regional subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Alitalia_CityLiner" title="Alitalia CityLiner">Alitalia CityLiner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The country also has <a href="/wiki/Regional_airline" title="Regional airline">regional airlines</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Air_Dolomiti" title="Air Dolomiti">Air Dolomiti</a>), low-cost carriers, and Charter and leisure carriers (including <a href="/wiki/Neos_(airline)" title="Neos (airline)">Neos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Panorama_Airlines" title="Blue Panorama Airlines">Blue Panorama Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poste_Air_Cargo" title="Poste Air Cargo">Poste Air Cargo</a>). Major Italian cargo operators are Alitalia Cargo and <a href="/wiki/Cargolux_Italia" title="Cargolux Italia">Cargolux Italia</a>. Italy is the fifth in Europe by number of passengers by air transport, with about 148 million passengers or about 10% of the European total in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> There are approximately <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">130 airports in Italy</a>, of which 99 have paved runways (including the two <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Da_Vinci_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport">Leonardo Da Vinci International</a> in Rome and <a href="/wiki/Malpensa_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Malpensa International Airport">Malpensa International</a> in Milan). Italy has been the final destination of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> for many centuries. In particular, the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> intensified sea trade with <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> from the 19th century. Since the end of the Cold War and increasing European integration, trade relations, which were often interrupted in the 20th century, have intensified again. In 2004 there were 43 major seaports including the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Genoa" title="Port of Genoa">Port of Genoa</a>, the country's largest and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_in_Europe" title="List of busiest ports in Europe">third busiest by cargo tonnage</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Due to the increasing importance of the maritime Silk Road with its connections to Asia and East Africa, the Italian ports for <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> have become important in recent years. In addition, the trade in goods is shifting from the European northern ports to the ports of the Mediterranean Sea due to the considerable time savings and environmental protection. In particular, the deep water port of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> in the northernmost part of the Mediterranean Sea is the target of Italian, Asian and European investments.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The national inland waterway network comprises 1,477 km (918 mi) of navigable rivers and channels. In 2007 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poverty">Poverty</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Poverty">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeless_people_@_Piazzale_Lodi_@_Milan_(49623197518).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg/220px-Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg/330px-Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg/440px-Homeless_people_%40_Piazzale_Lodi_%40_Milan_%2849623197518%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Two rough sleepers in Milan</figcaption></figure> In 2015, poverty in Italy hit the highest levels in the previous 10 years. The level of absolute poverty for a two-person family was €1050.95/month. The poverty line per capita changed by region from €552.39/month to €819.13/month. The number of those in absolute poverty rose nearly an entire per cent in 2015, from 6.8% in 2014 to 7.6% in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Istat-203">[203]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> the numbers are even higher, with 10% living in absolute poverty, up from 9 per cent in 2014. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a> is better off at 6.7%, but this is still an increase from 5.7% in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Istat-203">[203]</a> The national statistics reporting agency, ISTAT, defines absolute poverty as those who can not buy goods and services which they need to survive. In 2015, the proportion of poor households in relative poverty also increased to 13.7 from 12.9 in 2014. ISTAT defines relative poverty as people whose disposable income is less than around half the national average. The unemployment rate in February 2016 remained at 11.7%, which has been the same for almost a year, but even having a job does not guarantee freedom from poverty.<a href="#cite_note-Euro_stat-204">[204]</a> Those who have at least one family member employed still suffer from 6.1% to 11.7% poverty, the higher number being for those who have factory jobs. The numbers are even higher for the younger generations because their unemployment rate is over 40%. Also, children are hit hard. In 2014, 32% of those aged 0–17 were at risk of poverty or social exclusion, which is one child out of three. While in the north the poverty rate is about the same as that of France and Germany, in the south it is almost double that figure. In the last ISTAT report, poverty is in decline.<a href="#cite_note-Europa,_Cite_2-205">[205]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] According to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> Poverty Report, 2.18 million households and 5.6 million people live in absolute poverty in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, by 2023, 63% of Italian households will struggle to make ends meet, making it one of the European countries with the most widespread economic difficulties, surpassing <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. The European average is 45.5%.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> The average annual gross salary in Italy was €41,646 ($44,893) in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> placing the country at the twenty-first position in the OECD area, with lower wages compared to the EU average. Many Italians still face significant challenges in meeting basic living expenses due to high living costs and regional economic disparities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Economy">Economy portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impacts_of_climate_change_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impacts of climate change in Italy">Economic impacts of climate change in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_fascist_Italy" title="Economy of fascist Italy">Economy of fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">Economy of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_sorpasso_(economics)" title="Il sorpasso (economics)">Il sorpasso (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomic_data_in_EMU" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroeconomic data in EMU">Macroeconomic data in EMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIGS_(economics)" title="PIGS (economics)">PIGS (economics)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Retrieved 28 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu%2Feurostat&rft.atitle=Euro+area+and+EU27+government+deficit+both+at+0.6%25+of+GDP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10294648%2F2-22042020-AP-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/country2009/it_en.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203037/http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/country2009/it_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2017. 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Retrieved 25 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fsources%2Fpolicy%2Fwhat%2Finvestment-policy%2Fesif-country-factsheet%2Fesi_funds_country_factsheet_it_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39">"Sovereigns Rating List"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928234500/http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratings-list/en/eu/?subSectorCode=39">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2011. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/markets/2014-10-15/moody-s-confirms-stable-outlook-on-italy-s-baa2-sovereign-rating-120823.php?uuid=ABw00M3B">the original</a> on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Sole+24+Ore&rft.atitle=Moody%27s+confirms+stable+outlook+on+Italy%27s+%22Baa2%22+sovereign+rating&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft.aulast=Bufacchi&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italy24.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fmarkets%2F2014-10-15%2Fmoody-s-confirms-stable-outlook-on-italy-s-baa2-sovereign-rating-120823.php%3Fuuid%3DABw00M3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fitchratings.com/entity/italy-80442199#ratings">"Italy"</a>. fitchratings.com. fitchratings.com. Retrieved 25 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fitchratings.com&rft.atitle=Italy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fitchratings.com%2Fentity%2Fitaly-80442199%23ratings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scoperatings.com/ratings-and-research/rating/EN/177458">"Scope affirms Italy's BBB+/Stable long-term credit ratings"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scope_Ratings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scope Ratings (page does not exist)">Scope Ratings</a>. Retrieved 13 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scope+affirms+Italy%27s+BBB%2B%2FStable+long-term+credit+ratings&rft.pub=Scope+Ratings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoperatings.com%2Fratings-and-research%2Frating%2FEN%2F177458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallSoskice2001" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Peter A.; Soskice, David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EU02HzYJeFsC&q=canada+a+market+economy">Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-191-64770-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-191-64770-3"><bdi>978-0-191-64770-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723222356/https://books.google.com/books?id=EU02HzYJeFsC&q=canada+a+market+economy">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+Capitalism%3A+The+Institutional+Foundations+of+Comparative+Advantage&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-191-64770-3&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Peter+A.&rft.au=Soskice%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEU02HzYJeFsC%26q%3Dcanada%2Ba%2Bmarket%2Beconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/manufacturing-by-country">"Manufacturing by Country 2024"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130004544/https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/manufacturing-by-country">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+by+Country+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountry-rankings%2Fmanufacturing-by-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=37&pr.y=12&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=136&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. www.imf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183840/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=37&pr.y=12&sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=136&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2017%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D37%26pr.y%3D12%26sy%3D2015%26ey%3D2022%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D136%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/">"CIA World Factbook: Italy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210701235642/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook%3A+Italy&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fitaly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx">"Select Country or Country Groups"</a>. www.imf.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171022143402/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Select+Country+or+Country+Groups&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2017%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweoselgr.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-35"><a href="#cite_ref-economist_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf">"The Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802135752/http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+Economist+Intelligence+Unit%27s+quality-of-life+index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2FQUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringa2013" class="citation news cs1">Stringa, Giovanni (5 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/gennaio/05/Italia_terza_mondo_per_riserve_co_0_20130105_da090ba2-5701-11e2-b61e-ffe012b3f492.shtml">"Italia terza al mondo per riserve d'oro, per ogni cittadino dote di 1.650 euro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920131445/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2013/gennaio/05/Italia_terza_mondo_per_riserve_co_0_20130105_da090ba2-5701-11e2-b61e-ffe012b3f492.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Corriere+della+Sera&rft.atitle=Italia+terza+al+mondo+per+riserve+d%27oro%2C+per+ogni+cittadino+dote+di+1.650+euro&rft.date=2013-01-05&rft.aulast=Stringa&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F2013%2Fgennaio%2F05%2FItalia_terza_mondo_per_riserve_co_0_20130105_da090ba2-5701-11e2-b61e-ffe012b3f492.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/commenti-e-idee/2013-02-01/quel-bilancio-poco-equilibrato-063847.shtml?uuid=Abdy48PH">"Quel bilancio Ue poco equilibrato"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Il_Sole_24_Ore" title="Il Sole 24 Ore">Il Sole 24 Ore</a>. 1 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719115404/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/commenti-e-idee/2013-02-01/quel-bilancio-poco-equilibrato-063847.shtml?uuid=Abdy48PH">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Sole+24+Ore&rft.atitle=Quel+bilancio+Ue+poco+equilibrato&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fcommenti-e-idee%2F2013-02-01%2Fquel-bilancio-poco-equilibrato-063847.shtml%3Fuuid%3DAbdy48PH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradley_et_al.-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradley_et_al._38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollerHuberStephensBradley2003" class="citation journal cs1">Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies". 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Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+statistics&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fstatistics-explained%2Findex.php%2FManufacturing_statistics_-_NACE_Rev._2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorkman2018" class="citation web cs1">Workman, Daniel (27 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstopexports.com/italys-top-10-exports/">"Italy's Top 10 Exports"</a>. World's Top Exports. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421191000/http://www.worldstopexports.com/italys-top-10-exports/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019. 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World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789813108844" title="Special:BookSources/9789813108844"><bdi>9789813108844</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240220065210/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yor4DAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2024. 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Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, and the Origins of the EEC, 1952–57. <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012158-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-012158-2"><bdi>978-3-11-012158-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+in+Europe%3F+Great+Britain%2C+France%2C+Germany%2C+and+Italy%2C+and+the+Origins+of+the+EEC%2C+1952%E2%80%9357&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012158-2&rft.aulast=Di+Nolfo&rft.aufirst=Ennio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy/27780/Demographic-and-social-change">"Italy since 1945: Demographic and social change"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209055816/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy/27780/Demographic-and-social-change">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy+since+1945%3A+Demographic+and+social+change&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F297474%2FItaly%2F27780%2FDemographic-and-social-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVicarelliSyllaCairncross1988" class="citation book cs1">Vicarelli, Fausto; Sylla, Richard; Cairncross, Alec (1988). 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Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy+since+1945%3A+The+economy+in+the+1980s&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F297474%2FItaly%2F27784%2FThe-economy-in-the-1980s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209072207/http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20120118_00/">"L'Italia in 150 anni. Sommario di statistiche storiche 1861–2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a>. 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Retrieved 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy%27s+Economic+Half-Miracle&rft.pub=Strategy%26&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.aulast=Vietor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategy-business.com%2Farticle%2F17213%3Fgko%3D2b421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsaitaliana/ufficio-stampa/dati-storici/principaliindicatori2012_pdf.htm">"Italian Stock Exchange: Main Indicators (1975–2012)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Borsa Italiana</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106211102/https://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsaitaliana/ufficio-stampa/dati-storici/principaliindicatori2012_pdf.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+Stock+Exchange%3A+Main+Indicators+%281975%E2%80%932012%29&rft.pub=Borsa+Italiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borsaitaliana.it%2Fborsaitaliana%2Fufficio-stampa%2Fdati-storici%2Fprincipaliindicatori2012_pdf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=19&sy=1988&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=136&s=GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=">"Italy: General government gross debt (Percent of GDP)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235854/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=19&sy=1988&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=136&s=GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy%3A+General+government+gross+debt+%28Percent+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2014%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D46%26pr.y%3D19%26sy%3D1988%26ey%3D2019%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D136%26s%3DGGXWDG_NGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalcerowicz2013" class="citation book cs1">Balcerowicz, Leszek (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205108/http://www.lisboncouncil.net/growth/documents/LISBON_COUNCIL_Economic_Growth_in_the_EU%20(1).pdf">Economic Growth in the European Union</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>: Lisbon Council. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-0902-7915-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-0902-7915-2"><bdi>978-9-0902-7915-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lisboncouncil.net/growth/documents/LISBON_COUNCIL_Economic_Growth_in_the_EU%20(1).pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 July 2014. 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Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IL+FIORINO+DI+FIRENZE%2C+STORIA+DEL+%22DOLLARO+DEL+MEDIOEVO%22&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgiornaledellanumismatica.it%2Fdossier-speciale-il-fiorino-di-firenze-breve-storia-del-dollaro-del-medioevo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolò_Papadopoli_Aldobrandini2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nicolò Papadopoli Aldobrandini (2009). Le monete di Venezia descritte ed illustrate da Nicolò Papadopoli Aldobrandini (in Italian). "Progetto Gutenberg Piero Vianelli. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+monete+di+Venezia+descritte+ed+illustrate+da+Nicol%C3%B2+Papadopoli+Aldobrandini&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=%22Progetto+Gutenberg+Piero+Vianelli&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Nicol%C3%B2+Papadopoli+Aldobrandini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homolaicus.com/storia/antica/roma/monete.htm">"IL VALORE DELLE MONETE ROMANE"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610112256/http://www.homolaicus.com/storia/antica/roma/monete.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IL+VALORE+DELLE+MONETE+ROMANE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homolaicus.com%2Fstoria%2Fantica%2Froma%2Fmonete.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilmarengo.com/italia/welcome.htm">"Italian coins"</a>. ilmarengo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808023109/http://www.ilmarengo.com/italia/welcome.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilmarengo.com&rft.atitle=Italian+coins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmarengo.com%2Fitalia%2Fwelcome.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> The last country to abandon the Carolingian system was <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> in 1973, when the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_pound" title="Nigerian pound">pound</a> was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">naira</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=136,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,LUR,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021011706/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/October/weo-report?c=136,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,LUR,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D136%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR%2CGGXWDG_NGDP%2C%26sy%3D1980%26ey%3D2027%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/analyses/country-statistics/italy">"Industry Breakdown of Companies in Italy"</a>. HitHorizons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230714131814/https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/analyses/country-statistics/italy">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HitHorizons&rft.atitle=Industry+Breakdown+of+Companies+in+Italy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hithorizons.com%2Feu%2Fanalyses%2Fcountry-statistics%2Fitaly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-creditsuisse-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-creditsuisse_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-creditsuisse_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209232427/http://www.international-adviser.com/ia/media/Media/Credit-Suisse-Global-Wealth-Databook-2013.pdf">"Global Wealth Databook 2013"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a>. October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international-adviser.com/ia/media/Media/Credit-Suisse-Global-Wealth-Databook-2013.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Wealth+Databook+2013&rft.pub=Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international-adviser.com%2Fia%2Fmedia%2FMedia%2FCredit-Suisse-Global-Wealth-Databook-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528135149/https://www.allianz.com/v_1380187782000/media/economic_research/publications/specials/en/AGWR2013e.pdf">"Global Wealth Report 2013"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Allianz" title="Allianz">Allianz</a>. August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allianz.com/v_1380187782000/media/economic_research/publications/specials/en/AGWR2013e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Wealth+Report+2013&rft.pub=Allianz&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allianz.com%2Fv_1380187782000%2Fmedia%2Feconomic_research%2Fpublications%2Fspecials%2Fen%2FAGWR2013e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/14/#version:static">"The World's Billionaires, 2017 Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918161508/https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/14/#version:static">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Billionaires%2C+2017+Rankings&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fbillionaires%2Flist%2F14%2F%23version%3Astatic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurostat_regional_GDP-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Eurostat_regional_GDP_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/NAMA_10R_2GDP__custom_4927535/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=efe28b7b-4afb-453d-9408-f0188f5a6210">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 2 regions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227214243/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/NAMA_10R_2GDP__custom_4927535/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=efe28b7b-4afb-453d-9408-f0188f5a6210">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+current+market+prices+by+NUTS+2+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2FNAMA_10R_2GDP__custom_4927535%2Fbookmark%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den%26bookmarkId%3Defe28b7b-4afb-453d-9408-f0188f5a6210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dati.istat.it/viewhtml.aspx?il=blank&vh=0000&vf=0&vcq=1100&graph=0&view-metadata=1&lang=en&QueryId=22919&metadata=DCCV_REDNETFAMFONTERED">"Net income: Regions and type of municipality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Italian_National_Institute_of_Statistics" title="Italian National Institute of Statistics">Italian National Institute of Statistics</a>. Retrieved 24 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Net+income%3A+Regions+and+type+of+municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdati.istat.it%2Fviewhtml.aspx%3Fil%3Dblank%26vh%3D0000%26vf%3D0%26vcq%3D1100%26graph%3D0%26view-metadata%3D1%26lang%3Den%26QueryId%3D22919%26metadata%3DDCCV_REDNETFAMFONTERED&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/questione-meridionale">"meridionale, questione nell'Enciclopedia Treccani"</a>. www.treccani.it (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210208235421/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/questione-meridionale">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&rft.atitle=meridionale%2C+questione+nell%27Enciclopedia+Treccani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fquestione-meridionale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/latifondo_%28Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi%29/">"Latifondo"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509132143/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/latifondo_(Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi)/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latifondo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Flatifondo_%2528Enciclopedia-dei-ragazzi%2529%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald1958" class="citation journal cs1">McDonald, J.S. (October 1958). "Some Socio-Economic Emigration Differentials in Rural Italy, 1902-1913". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 7 (1): 55–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F449779">10.1086/449779</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0079">0013-0079</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153889304">153889304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.atitle=Some+Socio-Economic+Emigration+Differentials+in+Rural+Italy%2C+1902-1913&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-72&rft.date=1958-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153889304%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0013-0079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F449779&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=J.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggan2008" class="citation book cs1">Duggan, Christopher (2008). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2008. Retrieved 17 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Knowledge+Economy+Forum+2008%3A+Innovative+Small+And+Medium+Enterprises+Are+Key+To+Europe+%26+Central+Asian+Growth&rft.date=2005-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.worldbank.org%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FCOUNTRIES%2FECAEXT%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21808326~menuPK%3A258604~pagePK%3A2865106~piPK%3A2865128~theSitePK%3A258599%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Jonathan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QiZjFOsc2TMC&pg=PA97">Globalization, the State, and Violence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0280-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0280-4"><bdi>978-0-7591-0280-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization%2C+the+State%2C+and+Violence&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0280-4&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQiZjFOsc2TMC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fierabie.com/brescia-the-capital-of-the-european-industry/">"BRESCIA, THE CAPITAL OF EUROPEAN INDUSTRY"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818163642/https://www.fierabie.com/brescia-the-capital-of-the-european-industry/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2023. 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Retrieved 9 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acea.thisconnect.com&rft.atitle=Country+Profiles+%E2%80%93+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facea.thisconnect.com%2Findex.php%2Fcountry_profiles%2Fdetail%2Fitaly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2017-05-04/turismo-stranieri-124013.php?uuid=AEVg9GGB">"Foreign tourist numbers in Italy head towards new record"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601184213/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2017-05-04/turismo-stranieri-124013.php?uuid=AEVg9GGB">Archived</a> 1 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved 21 May 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722030519/http://www.comufficio.it/site/comufficio_webprofessional_it/Sintesi_Congiunturale.pdf">"I numeri dei Terziario - Confcommercio - Anno 2008"</a> (PDF) (in Italian). 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February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202073931/https://www.ansa.it/canale_viaggiart/it/notizie/speciali/2023/02/01/turismo-wedding-2-milioni-presenze-e-fatturato-599-mln_dcec4ad9-3ab8-4677-a303-6378020ac3a7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Italia+11mila+matrimoni+stranieri%2C+un+turismo+da+599+milioni&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fcanale_viaggiart%2Fit%2Fnotizie%2Fspeciali%2F2023%2F02%2F01%2Fturismo-wedding-2-milioni-presenze-e-fatturato-599-mln_dcec4ad9-3ab8-4677-a303-6378020ac3a7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travel365.it/migliori-destinazioni-italiane-per-vita-notturna.htm">"10 Migliori destinazioni italiane per vita notturna"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109172951/https://www.travel365.it/migliori-destinazioni-italiane-per-vita-notturna.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Migliori+destinazioni+italiane+per+vita+notturna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travel365.it%2Fmigliori-destinazioni-italiane-per-vita-notturna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paesionline.it/articoli/turismo-naturalistico-definizione-e-dove-praticarlo-in-italia">"Turismo naturalistico: cos'è e dove praticarlo in Italia"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109172952/https://www.paesionline.it/articoli/turismo-naturalistico-definizione-e-dove-praticarlo-in-italia">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turismo+naturalistico%3A+cos%27%C3%A8+e+dove+praticarlo+in+Italia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paesionline.it%2Farticoli%2Fturismo-naturalistico-definizione-e-dove-praticarlo-in-italia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-studiare-161"><a href="#cite_ref-studiare_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studiare-in-italia.it/php5/study-italy.php?idorizz=6&idvert=84">"Viaggiare in Italia: giro turistico"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921204815/https://www.studiare-in-italia.it/php5/study-italy.php?idorizz=6&idvert=84">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Viaggiare+in+Italia%3A+giro+turistico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiare-in-italia.it%2Fphp5%2Fstudy-italy.php%3Fidorizz%3D6%26idvert%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/il-benessere-genera-53percento-pil-mondiale-e-italia-e-boom-spa-e-turismo-wellness-AEeHWMLG">"Il benessere genera il 5,3% del Pil mondiale: e in Italia è boom per Spa e turismo "wellness""</a> (in Italian). 11 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109172950/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/il-benessere-genera-53percento-pil-mondiale-e-italia-e-boom-spa-e-turismo-wellness-AEeHWMLG">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+benessere+genera+il+5%2C3%25+del+Pil+mondiale%3A+e+in+Italia+%C3%A8+boom+per+Spa+e+turismo+%22wellness%22&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fil-benessere-genera-53percento-pil-mondiale-e-italia-e-boom-spa-e-turismo-wellness-AEeHWMLG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adnkronos.com/turismo-religioso-in-italia-3-milioni-di-pellegrini-lanno-e-8-6-milioni-di-presenze_4xRvus8qO3yR7wEXF8bhrF#:~:text=Turismo-,Turismo%20religioso%2C%20in%20Italia%203%20milioni%20di%20pellegrini%20l'anno,8%2C6%20milioni%20di%20presenze&text=Dai%20cammini%20ai%20santuari%2C%20dalle,vacanze%20all'insegna%20della%20spiritualit%C3%A0.">"Turismo religioso, in Italia 3 milioni di pellegrini l'anno e 8,6 milioni di presenze"</a> (in Italian). 24 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109172951/https://www.adnkronos.com/turismo-religioso-in-italia-3-milioni-di-pellegrini-lanno-e-8-6-milioni-di-presenze_4xRvus8qO3yR7wEXF8bhrF#:~:text=Turismo-,Turismo%20religioso%2C%20in%20Italia%203%20milioni%20di%20pellegrini%20l'anno,8%2C6%20milioni%20di%20presenze&text=Dai%20cammini%20ai%20santuari%2C%20dalle,vacanze%20all'insegna%20della%20spiritualit%C3%A0.">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turismo+religioso%2C+in+Italia+3+milioni+di+pellegrini+l%27anno+e+8%2C6+milioni+di+presenze&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adnkronos.com%2Fturismo-religioso-in-italia-3-milioni-di-pellegrini-lanno-e-8-6-milioni-di-presenze_4xRvus8qO3yR7wEXF8bhrF%23%3A~%3Atext%3DTurismo-%2CTurismo%2520religioso%252C%2520in%2520Italia%25203%2520milioni%2520di%2520pellegrini%2520l%27anno%2C8%252C6%2520milioni%2520di%2520presenze%26text%3DDai%2520cammini%2520ai%2520santuari%252C%2520dalle%2Cvacanze%2520all%27insegna%2520della%2520spiritualit%25C3%25A0.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.viaggiarenews.com/2021/03/il-meglio-per-il-turismo-subacqueo-in-italia/">"Il meglio per il turismo subacqueo in Italia"</a> (in Italian). 27 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109172954/https://www.viaggiarenews.com/2021/03/il-meglio-per-il-turismo-subacqueo-in-italia/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+meglio+per+il+turismo+subacqueo+in+Italia&rft.date=2021-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.viaggiarenews.com%2F2021%2F03%2Fil-meglio-per-il-turismo-subacqueo-in-italia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alloggitaly-165"><a href="#cite_ref-alloggitaly_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alloggitaly.it/vacanze-in-montagna-in-italia/">"VACANZE IN MONTAGNA IN ITALIA: IN INVERNO E IN ESTATE"</a> (in Italian). 30 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006081936/https://www.alloggitaly.it/vacanze-in-montagna-in-italia/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VACANZE+IN+MONTAGNA+IN+ITALIA%3A+IN+INVERNO+E+IN+ESTATE&rft.date=2017-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alloggitaly.it%2Fvacanze-in-montagna-in-italia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-turismo-oggi-166"><a href="#cite_ref-turismo-oggi_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turismo-oggi.com/il-turismo-balneare.html">"Il turismo balneare"</a> (in Italian). 14 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001012217/https://www.turismo-oggi.com/il-turismo-balneare.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+turismo+balneare&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismo-oggi.com%2Fil-turismo-balneare.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lagenziadiviaggi-167"><a href="#cite_ref-lagenziadiviaggi_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lagenziadiviaggi.it/crociere-cemar-88-milioni-di-passeggeri-nei-porti-italiani/">"Crociere, Cemar: 8,8 milioni di passeggeri nei porti italiani"</a> (in Italian). 27 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628205742/https://www.lagenziadiviaggi.it/crociere-cemar-88-milioni-di-passeggeri-nei-porti-italiani/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crociere%2C+Cemar%3A+8%2C8+milioni+di+passeggeri+nei+porti+italiani&rft.date=2022-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagenziadiviaggi.it%2Fcrociere-cemar-88-milioni-di-passeggeri-nei-porti-italiani%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoggson1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noble_Foster_Hoggson" title="Noble Foster Hoggson">Hoggson, Noble F.</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bankingthroughag00hogg">Banking Through the Ages</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Dodd,_Mead_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodd, Mead and Company">Dodd, Mead and Company</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bankingthroughag00hogg/page/76">76</a>. Retrieved 11 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banking+Through+the+Ages&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+and+Company&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Hoggson&rft.aufirst=Noble+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbankingthroughag00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldthwaite1995" class="citation book cs1">Goldthwaite, Richard A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s4CQAAAAIAAJ">Banks, Palaces, and Entrepreneurs in Renaissance Florence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aldershot" title="Aldershot">Aldershot</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-860-78484-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-860-78484-5"><bdi>978-0-860-78484-5</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 9 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Italy%27s+fourth-biggest+bank+returns+to+the+stockmarket&rft.date=2017-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Ffinance-and-economics%2F21730672-shares-bailed-out-bank-start-trading-again-italys-fourth-biggest-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mbres-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mbres_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mbres_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301024816/http://www.mbres.it/en/publications/leading-italian-companies">"Leading Italian Companies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mediobanca" title="Mediobanca">Mediobanca</a>. October 2014. 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Retrieved 14 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partitaiva.it&rft.atitle=Stipendio+medio+Italia%3A+ultimi+dati+2024%2C+lordo+e+netto&rft.date=2024-05-10&rft.au=Redazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.partitaiva.it%2Fstipendio-medio-italia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEconomy+of+Italy" class="Z3988"> - Note: This 2024 secondary source cites another source which cites OECD data from 2022, not 2024 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Italy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://milanshoesmicam.com">The leading international footwear exhibition (MICAM)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190902100316/http://www.milanshoesmicam.com/">Archived</a> 2 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bizpages.org/countries--IT--Italy">Italian Business Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413073157/https://bizpages.org/countries--IT--Italy">Archived</a> 13 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Europe" title="Template:Economy of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Economy of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">Economy of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andorra" title="Economy of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia" title="Economy of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Austria" title="Economy of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Azerbaijan" title="Economy of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belarus" title="Economy of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belgium" title="Economy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bulgaria" title="Economy of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cyprus" title="Economy of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Economy of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Denmark" title="Economy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Estonia" title="Economy of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Finland" title="Economy of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Economy of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Germany" title="Economy of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greece" title="Economy of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hungary" title="Economy of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iceland" title="Economy of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan" title="Economy of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Latvia" title="Economy of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Economy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lithuania" title="Economy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Luxembourg" title="Economy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malta" title="Economy of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Moldova" title="Economy of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Monaco" title="Economy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Macedonia" title="Economy of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Portugal" title="Economy of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_San_Marino" title="Economy of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Slovakia" title="Economy of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Slovenia" title="Economy of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Spain" title="Economy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden" title="Economy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Abkhazia" title="Economy of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kosovo" title="Economy of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Economy of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Economy of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Economy of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jersey" title="Economy of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Svalbard" title="Economy of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Economy_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Italy" title="Template:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Italy&#124;link=Italy_Economy_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Italy" title="Category:Companies of Italy">Companies of Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_pre-unitarian_Italy" title="Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy">Economic history of pre-unitarian Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Regions by GDP</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/48px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/64px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Italy" title="Category:Industry in Italy">Industry and business</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avio" title="Avio">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_in_Italy" title="Coffee in Italy">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webuild" title="Webuild">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STMicroelectronics" title="STMicroelectronics">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_in_Italy" title="Made in Italy">Made in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Italy" title="Real estate in Italy">Luxury Real Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrara_marble" title="Carrara marble">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Italy" title="Steel industry in Italy">Steel industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fincantieri" title="Fincantieri">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarini" title="Menarini">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_industry_in_Italy" title="Biotechnology industry in Italy">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotics_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotics in Italy">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Italy" title="Beer in Italy">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine of Italy">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Italy">Video gaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Italy" title="Category:Research institutes in Italy">Research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CINECA" title="CINECA">CINECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELETTRA" title="ELETTRA">ELETTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENEA_(Italy)" title="ENEA (Italy)">ENEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">Italian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzelli_Hi-Tech_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzelli Hi-Tech Park">Erzelli Hi-Tech Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_di_Tecnologia" title="Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia">Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia</a> (IIT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Italiano_per_l%27Intelligenza_Artificiale" title="Istituto Italiano per l'Intelligenza Artificiale">Istituto Italiano per l'Intelligenza Artificiale</a> (AI4I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Innovation_District" title="Milan Innovation District">Milan Innovation District</a> (MIND)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Italy" title="Category:Energy in Italy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Renewable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Italy" title="Wind power in Italy">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Italy" title="Solar power in Italy">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Italy" title="Geothermal power in Italy">Geothermal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries#Italy" title="List of oil refineries">Oil refineries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and <a href="/wiki/Category:Infrastructure" title="Category:Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_Italy" title="List of the largest trading partners of Italy">Trading partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxation_in_Italy" title="Category:Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Tax system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_in_Italy" title="Category:Finance in Italy">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_Italy" title="Category:Banking in Italy">banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Other banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali" title="Assicurazioni Generali">Insurance</a></li> <li>Stock Exchange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Borsa Italiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Italy" title="International rankings of Italy">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna_Motor_Show" title="Bologna Motor Show">Bologna Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show" title="Turin Auto Show">Turin Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milano_Monza_Open-Air_Motor_Show" title="Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show">Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concorso_d%27Eleganza_Villa_d%27Este" title="Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este">Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EICMA" title="EICMA">EICMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expo_2015" title="Expo 2015">Expo 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroflora" title="Euroflora">Euroflora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieracavalli" title="Fieracavalli">Fieracavalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa_International_Boat_Show" title="Genoa International Boat Show">Genoa International Boat Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenale_di_Venezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenale di Venezia">Venice Boat Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucca_Comics_%26_Games" title="Lucca Comics & Games">Lucca Comics & Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Madre_Salone_del_Gusto" title="Terra Madre Salone del Gusto">Terra Madre Salone del Gusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Auto Moto d'Epoca Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milano AutoClassica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Furniture_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Milan Furniture Fair">Milan Furniture Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week" title="Milan Fashion Week">Milan Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palio_di_Siena" title="Palio di Siena">Palio di Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera_International_Film_Festival" title="Riviera International Film Festival">Riviera International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Film_Festival" title="Rome Film Festival">Rome Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinitaly" title="Vinitaly">Vinitaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sounding" title="Italian Sounding">Italian Sounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>See also: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Italy" title="Category:Economy of Italy">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Europe" title="Economy of Europe">Economy of Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Historic_currency_and_coinage_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Italian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Historic Italian currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historic_Italian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Historic Italian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historic_Italian_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historic Italian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Historic_currency_and_coinage_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Historic currency and coinage of Italy</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">History of coins in Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Dritto,_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png/120px-Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png/180px-Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png/240px-Dritto%2C_Zecchino_Francesco_Morosini_1688-1694.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="864" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Cales" title="Coinage of Cales">Coinage of Cales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Capua" title="Coinage of Capua">Coinage of Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Suessa" title="Coinage of Suessa">Coinage of Suessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Social_War_(91%E2%80%9388_BC)" title="Coinage of the Social War (91–88 BC)">Coinage of the Social War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_coinage_of_Italy_and_Sicily" title="Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily">Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_coins" title="Etruscan coins">Etruscan coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agontano" title="Agontano">Agontano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustalis" title="Augustalis">Augustalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiocco" title="Baiocco">Baiocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognino" title="Bolognino">Bolognino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavallo_(coin)" title="Cavallo (coin)">Cavallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Republic_of_Siena" title="Coinage of the Republic of Siena">Coinage of the Republic of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Coinage of the Republic of Venice">Coinage of the Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazia" title="Crazia">Crazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducaton" title="Ducaton">Ducaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florin" title="Florin">Florin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoese_lira" title="Genoese lira">Genoese lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genovino" title="Genovino">Genovino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigliato" title="Gigliato">Gigliato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_(coin)" title="Giulio (coin)">Giulio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_scudo" title="Italian scudo">Italian scudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_coinage" title="Lombard coinage">Lombard coinage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_Adelchis_of_Benevento" title="Coinage of Adelchis of Benevento">Adelchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_coinage_of_Benevento" title="Lombard coinage of Benevento">Benevento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierreale" title="Pierreale">Pierreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_(coin)" title="Paolo (coin)">Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrino" title="Quattrino">Quattrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequin_(coin)" title="Sequin (coin)">Sequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldo" title="Soldo">Soldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C3%AC" title="Tarì">Tarì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornesel" title="Tornesel">Tornesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_grosso" title="Venetian grosso">Venetian grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_lira" title="Venetian lira">Venetian lira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cagliarese" title="Cagliarese">Cagliarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardo-Venetian_florin" title="Lombardo-Venetian florin">Lombardo-Venetian florin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardo-Venetian_lira" title="Lombardo-Venetian lira">Lombardo-Venetian lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luccan_lira" title="Luccan lira">Luccan lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milanese_scudo" title="Milanese scudo">Milanese scudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_lira" title="Neapolitan lira">Neapolitan lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_piastra" title="Neapolitan piastra">Neapolitan piastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncia" title="Oncia">Oncia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_lira" title="Papal lira">Papal lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parman_lira" title="Parman lira">Parman lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_scudo" title="Piedmontese scudo">Piedmontese scudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_scudo" title="Roman scudo">Roman scudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_lira" title="Sardinian lira">Sardinian lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_scudo" title="Sardinian scudo">Sardinian scudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_piastra" title="Sicilian piastra">Sicilian piastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_florin" title="Tuscan florin">Tuscan florin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_lira" title="Tuscan lira">Tuscan lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Sicilies_ducat" title="Two Sicilies ducat">Two Sicilies ducat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-Lira" title="AM-Lira">AM-Lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Italian_lira" title="Coins of the Italian lira">Coins of the Italian lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_euro_coins" title="Italian euro coins">Italian euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coins_of_Italy" title="Commemorative coins of Italy">Commemorative coins of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Obsolete_Italian_currencies" title="Category:Obsolete Italian currencies">Category</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economic history of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italy_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Italy_topics" title="Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Italy_topics" title="Template talk:Italy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Italy_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Italy topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Italy_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Italy" title="Outline of Italy">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italy" title="History of Italy">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Italian_history" title="Timeline of Italian history">Timeline of Italian history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_citizenship" title="History of Italian citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Currency and coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Italy" title="Economic history of Italy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_fashion" title="History of Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_flags" title="List of Italian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Italy" title="Genetic history of Italy">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">Historic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Italy" title="LGBT history in Italy">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy" title="Military history of Italy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Italy" title="Music history of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Italy" title="Name of Italy">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Postage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Italy" title="History of rail transport in Italy">Railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Italy" title="Prehistoric Italy">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Italy" title="Neolithic Italy">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanovan_culture" title="Villanovan culture">Villanovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terramare_culture" title="Terramare culture">Terramare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldone_culture" title="Rinaldone culture">Rinaldone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_culture" title="Apennine culture">Apennine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golasecca_culture" title="Golasecca culture">Golasecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canegrate_culture" title="Canegrate culture">Canegrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latial_culture" title="Latial culture">Latial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Italy" title="List of ancient peoples of Italy">Ancient peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_peoples" title="Italic peoples">Italic peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapians" title="Messapians">Messapians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li>Italy under <a href="/wiki/Odoacer#King_of_Italy" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">the Sardinian Judicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Normans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelphs_and_Ghibellines" title="Guelphs and Ghibellines">Guelphs and Ghibellines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Duchy of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_Italy" title="History of early modern Italy">Early Modern period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Napoleonic Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="First Italian War of Independence">First War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_exodus" title="Niçard exodus">Niçard exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy">Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">Capture of Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" title="History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Monarchy and the World Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Colonial Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Fourth War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.2em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="History of the Italian Republic">Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum" title="1946 Italian institutional referendum">Institutional referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle" title="Italian economic miracle">Economic Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trial" title="Maxi Trial">Maxi Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_pulite" title="Mani pulite">Mani pulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italian geographical region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Italy" title="Climate change in Italy">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Italy" title="Geology of Italy">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy" title="Fauna of Italy">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Italy" title="Flora of Italy">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Italy" title="List of mountains in Italy">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_foothills" title="Alpine foothills">Prealps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Italy" title="Volcanism of Italy">Volcanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Italy" title="List of volcanoes in Italy">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Italy" title="List of beaches in Italy">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_Italy" title="List of canals in Italy">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Italy" title="List of caves in Italy">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Italy" title="List of earthquakes in Italy">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Italy" title="List of islands of Italy">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Italy" title="List of lakes of Italy">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_of_Italy" title="List of Marine Protected Areas of Italy">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Italy" title="List of national parks of Italy">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_parks_of_Italy" title="List of regional parks of Italy">Regional parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Italy" title="List of rivers of Italy">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Italy" title="List of valleys of Italy">Valleys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Italy" title="Constitution of Italy">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Italy" title="Foreign relations of Italy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Italy" title="Government of Italy">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Italy" title="Human rights in Italy">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Italy">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Italy" title="Law of Italy">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Italy" title="Law enforcement in Italy">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy" title="List of presidents of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Italy" title="List of municipalities of Italy">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_intelligence_agencies" title="Italian intelligence agencies">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_regions_by_GDP" title="List of Italian regions by GDP">Italian regions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Italy" title="Agriculture in Italy">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Italy" title="Banking in Italy">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Italy" title="List of banks in Italy">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy" title="Bank of Italy">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_brands" title="List of Italian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Italy" title="List of companies of Italy">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Italy" title="Energy in Italy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Italy" title="List of exports of Italy">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Italy" title="Science and technology in Italy">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_question" title="Southern question">Southern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Italy" title="Taxation in Italy">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Italy" title="List of trade unions in Italy">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Italy" title="Transport in Italy">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Italy" title="List of airports in Italy">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Italy" title="Rail transport in Italy">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Italy" title="Roads in Italy">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_wine" title="Italian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Italy" title="Category:Society of Italy">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy" title="Censorship in Italy">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Italy" title="Crime in Italy">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Italy" title="Demographics of Italy">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Emigration and diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Italy" title="Gambling in Italy">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Italy" title="Health in Italy">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Italy" title="Healthcare in Italy">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Italy" title="Immigration to Italy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Italian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Italy" title="List of people from Italy">People</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian" title="Regional Italian">Regional</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Italian provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Italy" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Italy">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Italy" title="Prostitution in Italy">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_public_administration" title="Italian public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Italy" title="Racism in Italy">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Italy" title="Social class in Italy">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Italy" title="Terrorism in Italy">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Italy" title="Water supply and sanitation in Italy">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Italy" title="Women in Italy">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seicento" title="Seicento">Seicento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Italian_culture_(1700s)" title="History of Italian culture (1700s)">Settecento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Neoclassical_and_19th-century_art" title="Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art">Ottocento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Canto_degli_Italiani" title="Il Canto degli Italiani">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Italy">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_art" title="Italian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Italy" title="List of castles in Italy">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Italy" title="List of cathedrals in Italy">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Italy" title="Emblem of Italy">Coat of arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_design" title="Italian design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fashion" title="Italian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" title="Flag of Italy">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens_in_Italy" title="List of gardens in Italy">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Italy" title="Internet in Italy">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italophilia" title="Italophilia">Italophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Italy" title="List of libraries in Italy">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Italy" title="Mass media in Italy">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Italy" title="List of museums in Italy">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Italy" title="National symbols of Italy">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_in_Italy" title="List of palaces in Italy">Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_philosophy" title="Italian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Italy" title="Public holidays in Italy">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Italy" title="Sport in Italy">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Italy" title="Television in Italy">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Italy" title="Theatre of Italy">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_Italy" title="Traditions of Italy">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/16px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/24px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Italy" title="Category:Italy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Trade_Organization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Trade_Organization" title="Template:World Trade Organization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Trade_Organization" title="Template talk:World Trade Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Trade_Organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Trade Organization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Trade_Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Member states of the World Trade Organization">Accession and membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appellate_Body" title="Appellate Body">Appellate Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispute_Settlement_Body" title="Dispute Settlement Body">Dispute Settlement Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Timeline of the World Trade Organization">Chronology of key events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Criticism of the World Trade Organization">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Development_Round" title="Doha Development Round">Doha Development Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_issues" title="Singapore issues">Singapore issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quota_Elimination" title="Quota Elimination">Quota Elimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Clause" title="Peace Clause">Peace Clause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Agriculture" title="Agreement on Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Application_of_Sanitary_and_Phytosanitary_Measures" title="Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures">Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Technical_Barriers_to_Trade" title="Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade">Technical Barriers to Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Investment_Measures" title="Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures">Trade-Related Investment Measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Services" title="General Agreement on Trade in Services">Trade in Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement" title="TRIPS Agreement">Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Government_Procurement" title="Agreement on Government Procurement">Government Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Agreement" title="Information Technology Agreement">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrakesh_Agreement" title="Marrakesh Agreement">Marrakesh Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health">Doha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Package" title="Bali Package">Bali Package</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministerial_Conference" title="Ministerial Conference">Ministerial Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_1996" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1996">1st (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_1998" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1998">2nd (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_1999" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999">3rd (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2001" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2001">4th (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2003" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2003">5th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2005" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005">6th (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2009" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2009">7th (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2011" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011">8th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2013" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013">9th (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2015" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015">10th (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2017" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017">11th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2022" title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2022">12th (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala" title="Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala">Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Trade Organization">Director-General</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Azev%C3%AAdo" title="Roberto Azevêdo">Roberto Azevêdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lamy" title="Pascal Lamy">Pascal Lamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supachai_Panitchpakdi" title="Supachai Panitchpakdi">Supachai Panitchpakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Jara" title="Alejandro Jara">Alejandro Jara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Yerxa" title="Rufus Yerxa">Rufus Yerxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Afghanistan" title="Economy of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Algeria" title="Economy of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Angola" title="Economy of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Economy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Argentina" title="Economy of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia" title="Economy of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bahrain" title="Economy of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh" title="Economy of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Barbados" title="Economy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" title="Economy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Benin" title="Economy of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bolivia" title="Economy of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Botswana" title="Economy of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brunei" title="Economy of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Economy of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Myanmar" title="Economy of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Burundi" title="Economy of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cambodia" title="Economy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cameroon" title="Economy of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cape_Verde" title="Economy of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Economy of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chad" title="Economy of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Costa_Rica" title="Economy of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Economy of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Djibouti" title="Economy of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dominica" title="Economy of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Economy of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ecuador" title="Economy of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt" title="Economy of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eswatini" title="Economy of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Fiji" title="Economy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gabon" title="Economy of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gambia" title="Economy of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Economy of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ghana" title="Economy of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Grenada" title="Economy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guatemala" title="Economy of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea" title="Economy of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Economy of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guyana" title="Economy of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haiti" title="Economy of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Honduras" title="Economy of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Iceland" title="Economy of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Israel" title="Economy of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jamaica" title="Economy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jordan" title="Economy of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kazakhstan" title="Economy of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kenya" title="Economy of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea" title="Economy of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kuwait" title="Economy of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Economy of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Laos" title="Economy of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Lesotho" title="Economy of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liberia" title="Economy of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Economy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Macau" title="Economy of Macau">Macau</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madagascar" title="Economy of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" title="Economy of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maldives" title="Economy of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mali" title="Economy of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritania" title="Economy of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritius" title="Economy of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mexico" title="Economy of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Moldova" title="Economy of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mongolia" title="Economy of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montenegro" title="Economy of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Morocco" title="Economy of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" title="Economy of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Namibia" title="Economy of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nepal" title="Economy of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nicaragua" title="Economy of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nigeria" title="Economy of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Macedonia" title="Economy of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oman" title="Economy of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Economy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Paraguay" title="Economy of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Peru" title="Economy of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Philippines" title="Economy of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Qatar" title="Economy of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rwanda" title="Economy of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Economy of Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Samoa" title="Economy of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudi 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United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uruguay" title="Economy of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela" title="Economy of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Yemen" title="Economy of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Zambia" title="Economy of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Zimbabwe" title="Economy of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="European_Union" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_European_Union" title="Economy of the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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