CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="eu" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fresnel leiar - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )euwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","urtarrila","otsaila","martxoa","apirila","maiatza","ekaina","uztaila","abuztua","iraila","urria","azaroa","abendua"],"wgRequestId":"53a99664-6960-4dcd-9d3f-556236dc0d61","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fresnel_leiar","wgTitle":"Fresnel leiar","wgCurRevisionId":9631924,"wgRevisionId":9631924,"wgArticleId":191876,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orri guztiak","Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orriak from otsaila 2021","Betiko hautsitako kanpo estekak dituzten artikuluak","Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak","Optika","Itsasargiak"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentLanguage":"eu","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fresnel_leiar","wgRelevantArticleId":191876,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eu","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eu"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q14672","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ErrefAurrebista","ext.gadget.UkensKonkurranse","ext.gadget.TxikipediaTab","ext.gadget.ArtikuluenKalitatea","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eu&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/1200px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1513"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/800px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1009"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/640px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="807"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fresnel leiar - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_leiar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Aldatu" href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (eu)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eu.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_leiar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Jarioa" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:AzkenAldaketak&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fresnel_leiar rootpage-Fresnel_leiar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Fresnel+leiar" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Fresnel+leiar" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Fresnel+leiar" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Fresnel+leiar" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deskribapena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deskribapena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Deskribapena</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deskribapena-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Deskribapena azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deskribapena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adibideak_eta_erabilpenak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adibideak_eta_erabilpenak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Adibideak eta erabilpenak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adibideak_eta_erabilpenak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fresnel leiar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 48 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Linse" title="Fresnel-Linse – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fresnel-Linse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84" title="عدسة فرينل – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة فرينل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Френель линзаһы – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Френель линзаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Френелова леща – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френелова леща" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent_de_Fresnel" title="Lent de Fresnel – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lent de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_%C4%8Do%C4%8Dka" title="Fresnelova čočka – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fresnelova čočka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnellinse" title="Fresnellinse – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fresnellinse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Linse" title="Fresnel-Linse – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fresnel-Linse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-lenso" title="Fresnel-lenso – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fresnel-lenso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresneli_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Fresneli lääts – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fresneli lääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%84" title="عدسی فرسنل – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدسی فرسنل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-linssi" title="Fresnel-linssi – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fresnel-linssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentille_de_Fresnel" title="Lentille de Fresnel – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lentille de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Lins" title="Fresnel-Lins – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fresnel-Lins" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="עדשת פרנל – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשת פרנל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="फ्रेसनेल ताल – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रेसनेल ताल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_zrcala" title="Fresnelova zrcala – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fresnelova zrcala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensa_Fresnel" title="Lensa Fresnel – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lensa Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_di_Fresnel" title="Lente di Fresnel – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lente di Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="フレネルレンズ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレネルレンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Френель линзасы – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Френель линзасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%84%AC_%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" title="프레넬 렌즈 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레넬 렌즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B0" title="Френелова леќа – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Френелова леќа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Френелийн линз – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Френелийн линз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_Fresnel" title="Kanta Fresnel – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnellens" title="Fresnellens – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fresnellens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-linse" title="Fresnel-linse – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fresnel-linse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soczewka_Fresnela" title="Soczewka Fresnela – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Soczewka Fresnela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Линза Френеля – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линза Френеля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_%C5%A1o%C5%A1ovka" title="Fresnelova šošovka – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fresnelova šošovka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_le%C4%8Da" title="Fresnelova leča – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fresnelova leča" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фреснелова сочива – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фреснелова сочива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-lins" title="Fresnel-lins – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fresnel-lins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="பிரெனெல் வில்லை – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெனெல் வில்லை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5" title="เลนส์แฟรแนล – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลนส์แฟรแนล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Лінза Френеля – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінза Френеля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_linzalari" title="Fresnel linzalari – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fresnel linzalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A5u_k%C3%ADnh_Fresnel" title="Thấu kính Fresnel – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thấu kính Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_Fresnel" title="Lente Fresnel – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lente Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="菲涅耳透鏡 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲涅耳透鏡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E7%88%BE%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="菲涅爾透鏡 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菲涅爾透鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_leiar" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Fresnel_leiar" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_leiar"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fresnel_leiar"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Fresnel_leiar" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Fresnel_leiar" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&oldid=9631924" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Fresnel_leiar&id=9631924&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFresnel_leiar"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFresnel_leiar"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fresnel+leiar"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fresnel_leiar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fresnel_lenses" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14672" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/170px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/255px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg/340px-Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Itsasargi bateko Fresnel leiarra, Frantziako Marinako museo nazionalean ikusgai dagoena</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fresnel leiarra</b> <a href="/wiki/Augustin-Jean_Fresnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin-Jean Fresnel">Augustin-Jean Fresnel</a> <a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">fisikari</a> <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">frantziarrak</a> <a href="/wiki/Itsasargi" title="Itsasargi">itsasargietarako</a> garaturiko <a href="/wiki/Leiar" title="Leiar">leiar</a> mota da. <b>Fresnel lentea</b>, <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Fresnel" title="Augustin Fresnel">Augustin-Jean Fresnel</a> <a href="/wiki/Zerrenda:Fisikariak" title="Zerrenda:Fisikariak">fisikari</a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziar" title="Frantziar">frantziarrak</a> asmatutako irekiera handiko eta foku-luzera laburreko leiarrak eraikitzeko aukera ematen duen diseinua da, leiar optiko batean erabiliko litzatekeen materialaren pisurik eta zatirik gabe. Ohiko diseinua 1822an asmatu zen, eta, hurrengo urtean, lehen aldiz probatu zuten <a href="/wiki/Cordouango_itsasargia" title="Cordouango itsasargia">Cordouango itsasargian</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Leiar hauen diseinuak ahalbidetzen du irekidura handia eta distantzia fokal laburra duten leiarrak eraikitzea, antzeko ezaugarriak izango lituzkeen ohiko leiar baten masa eta bolumen txikiagoarekin. Leiar konbentzionalekin alderatuz gero, Fresnel leiarrak askoz fin, zabal eta leunagoak dira eta argi-iturri bateko zeharkako argia hartzeko ere gai da, itsasargietako argia distantzia askoz handiagoetan ikusgai eginez. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sekzio desberdinak marko berean muntatuz leiar fin eta arinago bat sortzearen lehen ideia, <a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc">Georges-Louis Leclerc</a>, Buffon-eko kondearena izan zela uste da. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Condorcet-eko markesak (1743-1794), horrelako leiar bat, beira zati fin bakar batetik lortzea proposatu zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Augustin-Jean_Fresnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin-Jean Fresnel">Augustin-Jean Fresnel</a> Fisikari eta ingeniari frantsesa da orokorki aitortzen dena itsasargietan erabiltzeko zati anizkoitzeko leiarren egile moduan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smithsonian_(aldizkaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smithsonian (aldizkaria) (sortu gabe)">Smithsonian aldizkariaren</a> arabera, lehen Fresnel leiarra 1823an erabili zen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordouan_itsasargia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordouan itsasargia (sortu gabe)">Cordouan itsasargian</a>, Frantziako zaharrenean, <a href="/wiki/Gironda_(estuarioa)" title="Gironda (estuarioa)">Girondako estuarioaren</a> ahoan dagoena. Leiar aldaketarekin, itsasargiko argia 20 km-tako distantziara ikus zitekeen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deskribapena">Deskribapena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Deskribapena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Deskribapena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png/220px-Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png/330px-Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png/440px-Fresnel_lighthouse_lens_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Fresnel leiar baten funtzionamendua.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fresnel_lens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/220px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/330px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/440px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>1:Fresnel leiar baten ebakidura. <br />2:Ohiko leiar baten ebakidura.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ohiko leiar esferiko batekin alderatuz, Fresnel leiar batek gutxitu egiten du beharrezkoa den material kopurua, leiarra zenbait eraztun-erako sekzio zentrokidetan (Fresnel zonaldeak deritzena) banatuz, zeinak teorian mugagabeak diren. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leiarraren lehen aldaeran, handiena dena, zonalde bakoitzak prisma desberdina du. Nahiz eta Fresnel leiarra beira zati bakarraz osaturik dagoela iruditu, hurbilagoko azterketa batek erakutsiko du hainbat zatiz osaturik dagoela. "Pieza-bakarreko" Fresnel leiarrak geroago sortu ziren, kotxeetan auto-argi, balazta, intermitente eta abarreko argietarako erabili zelarik. Gaur egun, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CNC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNC (sortu gabe)">CNC</a> teknologia erabili daiteke leiar konplexuagoak eraikitzeko. </p><p>Zonalde horietako bakoitzean, leiarraren lodiera orokorra txikiagotzen da, ohiko leiar baten gainazal jarraitua kurbatura bereko gainazal multzo batean zatituz, euren artean pausoka etenak daudelarik. Izatez, Fresnel leiar bat, zirkunferentzia batean kokaturik dagoen prisma multzo baten modura interpreta daiteke, ertzetan malda gehiago duten prismak egonez eta ia laua den prisma ganbil batekin erdian. </p><p>Fresnel leiarrek lodieran (eta beraz materialaren masa eta bolumenean) murrizketa garrantzitsua ahalbidetzen dute, irudiak eratzeko leiarrak duen gaitasunaren kalterako. Hori dela eta, irudiak eratzeko aplikazio desberdinetan dagokionez (<a href="/wiki/Argazkigintza" title="Argazkigintza">argazkigintza</a>, adibidez), oraindik asko erabiltzen dira ohiko leiar handiak. </p><p>Fresnel leiarrak normalean beira edo plastikoz daude eginak eta bere tamaina aldakorra da, handienetik (<a href="/wiki/Itsasargi" title="Itsasargi">itsasargi</a> zaharretako leiarrak), ertain (liburuak irakurtzeko lagungarriak diren argiak) eta txikienera arte (kamerak, mikro-optika). Azken hauek, askotan, oso mehe eta lauak izaten dira, ia-ia malguak, 1-5 <a href="/wiki/Milimetro" title="Milimetro">mm</a> arteko lodierarekin. </p><p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adibideak_eta_erabilpenak">Adibideak eta erabilpenak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Adibideak eta erabilpenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Adibideak eta erabilpenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Itsasargi bateko leiarra hurbiletik."><img alt="Itsasargi bateko leiarra hurbiletik." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg/120px-Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg/180px-Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg/240px-Cape_Willoughby_Lighthouse_Fresnel_lens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Itsasargi bateko leiarra hurbiletik.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modelo bat plastikozko Fresnel leiar bat erakusten, zeina telebista pantaila hedatzaile gisa merkaturatu den."><img alt="Modelo bat plastikozko Fresnel leiar bat erakusten, zeina telebista pantaila hedatzaile gisa merkaturatu den." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg/120px-Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg/180px-Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg/240px-Magnifying-fresnel-lens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modelo bat plastikozko Fresnel leiar bat erakusten, zeina telebista pantaila hedatzaile gisa merkaturatu den.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loschen-eko (Bremerhaven) itsasargiko Fresnel leiarraren mozketa-sekzioa."><img alt="Loschen-eko (Bremerhaven) itsasargiko Fresnel leiarraren mozketa-sekzioa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg/78px-Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg/118px-Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg/157px-Fresnel_lens_loschen_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2535" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loschen-eko (<a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a>) itsasargiko Fresnel leiarraren mozketa-sekzioa.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:BIFresnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lehen ordenako Fresnel leiarra (Block Island itsasargia)"><img alt="Lehen ordenako Fresnel leiarra (Block Island itsasargia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BIFresnel.jpg/120px-BIFresnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BIFresnel.jpg/180px-BIFresnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BIFresnel.jpg/240px-BIFresnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lehen ordenako Fresnel leiarra<br />(Block Island itsasargia)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:3rd-order,_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hirugarren ordenako Fresnel leiarra (Split Rock itsasargia)"><img alt="Hirugarren ordenako Fresnel leiarra (Split Rock itsasargia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg/90px-3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg/135px-3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg/180px-3rd-order%2C_Fresnel_lens_at_Split_Rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hirugarren ordenako Fresnel leiarra<br />(Split Rock itsasargia)</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg/220px-Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg/330px-Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Cape_Meares_Lighthouse_lens_-_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Meares lurmuturreko (<a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>) itsasargiko lehen ordenako Fresnel leiarra.</figcaption></figure> <p>Irudi-proiekziorako Fresnel leiarrak erabiltzeak irudiaren kalitatea txikitzen du, hori dela eta, kalitatea funtsezkoa ez den edota ohiko leiar solido baten dimentsioak larregizkoak diren kasuetan erabiltzen dira gehienetan. Fresnel leiar merkeak, zigilatu edota moldeatuak izan daitezke plastiko gardenean eta gardenki-proiektagailuetan erabiltzen dira, besteak beste. Fresnel leiarrak <a href="/wiki/CRT" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT">CRTdun</a> (tubo katodikoa) poltsikoko telebistetako pantaila handitzaile modura ere erabili izan dira, bereziki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinclair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinclair (sortu gabe)">Sinclair</a> TV80rako. Semaforoetan ere erabiltzen dira eta gainera, zenbait ikusmen arazo zuzentzeko ere balio dute, <a href="/wiki/Estrabismo" title="Estrabismo">estrabismoa</a> adibidez. </p><p>Plastikozko Fresnel leiarrak, beirazkoak baino handiagoak egin daitezkeenez, askoz merkeagoak eta arinagoak izatearen abantailarekin, zerbait berotzeko asmoarekin eguzki-argiaren izpiak kontzentratzeko erabiltzen dira, eguzki-sukaldeetan edota ura berotzeko etxeko sistemetan. </p><p>Ziurrenik, Fresnel leiarren erabilera zabalena, behintzat denbora batean, auto-argietan zen, non gutxi gorabehera paraleloak diren izpiei (erreflektore parabolikotik datozenak) forma ematen beheraturiko eta izpi nagusirako patroiari. Kostu, pisu eta kolpeen aurkako erresistentzia arrazoiengatik, kotxe berriagoek ez dute jada beirazko Fresnel leiarrik, polikarbonatozko leiarrez osaturiko erreflektoreak erabiltzen baitituzte. Dena dela, Fresnel leiarrak oraindik oso erabiliak dira autoaren atzeko, intermitente eta ordezko argietan. </p><p>Kalitate altuko beirazko Fresnel leiarrak itsasargietan erabiltzen ziren, zeinak punta-puntakoak kontsideratzen ziren XIX. mende bukaeratik XX. mende erdira; orain gehienak zerbitzutik kanpo daude.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Itsasargietako Fresnel leiarrak normalean eraztun erako elementu <a href="/wiki/Prisma" class="mw-disambig" title="Prisma">prismatiko</a> gehigarriak izaten dituzte, Fresnel planar nagusiaren gainean eta azpian kokaturik, argi-iturriak emitituriko argi guztia hartzeko helburuarekin. Leiar hauek abantaila praktiko handiak eman zizkieten itsasargietako argi eta erabiltzaile, diseinatzaile eta eraikitzaileei. Beste gauza batzuen artean, leiar txikiagoak espazio konpaktuagoetan sartzen zirelako. Patroi desberdinekin argiaren transmisio hobea egiteak distantzia handietara, posible egin zuen posizioa ondorioztatzea.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104003415/http://www.bibnum.education.fr/physique/optique/memoire-sur-un-nouveau-systeme-d-eclairage-des-phares">Mémoire sur un nouveau système d’éclairage des phares</a>» (en francés). BibNum - FMSH Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme. Consultado el 16 de marzo de 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9035385">"Fresnel lens."</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ti9VAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA609&dq=fresnel+lens+burning+buffon+condorcet&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=WJHGSv36CIvmkQT28KWrAw#v=onepage&q=fresnel%20lens%20burning%20buffon%20condorcet&f=false"><i>Appleton's dictionary of machines, mechanics, engine-work, and engineering. </i></a> 2 D. Appleton and Co</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Watson, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libproxy.uncg.edu:2088/servlet/BioRC">"Science Makes a Better Lighthouse Lens."</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: otsaila 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup> <i>Smithsonian</i>. 1999eko abuztua v30 i5 30. orr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-016/_2398.htm">Fresnel zonaldeen definizioa.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/closeups/illumination/fresnel/fresnel.htm">Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, The Incredible Fresnel Lens.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrypepper.com/lights/closeups/illumination/fresnel/fresnel.htm">Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Fresnel lens.</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236165">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14672" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14672">Q14672</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fresnel_lenses">Fresnel lenses</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q14672%22">Q14672</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1098515">ph1098515</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300183233">300183233</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/Fresnel-lens">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14672" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q14672">Q14672</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fresnel_lenses">Fresnel lenses</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q14672%22">Q14672</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See \u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetak\u003E.");});</script><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&oldid=9631924">https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&oldid=9631924</a>"(e)tik eskuratuta</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Kategoriak" title="Berezi:Kategoriak">Kategoriak</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Optika" title="Kategoria:Optika">Optika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Itsasargiak" title="Kategoria:Itsasargiak">Itsasargiak</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ezkutuko kategoriak: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:Kanpo_esteka_hautsiak_dituzten_orri_guztiak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orri guztiak">Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orri guztiak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:Kanpo_esteka_hautsiak_dituzten_orriak_from_otsaila_2021" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orriak from otsaila 2021">Wikipedia:Kanpo esteka hautsiak dituzten orriak from otsaila 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Betiko_hautsitako_kanpo_estekak_dituzten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Betiko hautsitako kanpo estekak dituzten artikuluak">Betiko hautsitako kanpo estekak dituzten artikuluak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT_identifikatzailea_duten_artikuluak" title="Kategoria:Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak">Wikipedia:AAT identifikatzailea duten artikuluak</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Orriaren azken aldaketa: 17 martxoa 2024, 18:06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Testua <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eu">Creative Commons Aitortu-PartekatuBerdin 4.0 lizentziari</a> jarraituz erabil daiteke; baliteke beste klausularen batzuk ere aplikatu behar izatea. Xehetasunen berri izateko, ikus <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">erabilera-baldintzak</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pribazitate politika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Wikipediari_buruz">Wikipediari buruz</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Erantzukizunen_mugaketa_orokorra">Lege oharra</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Garatzaileak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/eu.wikipedia.org">Estatistikak</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie adierazpena</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//eu.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresnel_leiar&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mugikorreko bista</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6f5tb","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.196","walltime":"0.275","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1139,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":14032,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3364,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":13824,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":5,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 209.265 1 -total"," 66.99% 140.179 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola"," 32.97% 68.990 1 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia_zerrenda"," 22.55% 47.187 1 Txantiloi:Apurtutako_esteka"," 15.41% 32.255 1 Txantiloi:Fix"," 14.43% 30.194 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler"," 7.95% 16.630 2 Txantiloi:Category_handler/numbered"," 6.96% 14.567 2 Txantiloi:Namespace_detect"," 6.45% 13.489 1 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia"," 5.01% 10.486 2 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia/oinarria"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.110","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2268557,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5fd4fc67fd-m2mgd","timestamp":"20241105002900","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fresnel leiar","url":"https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fresnel_leiar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14672","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q14672","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-05-01T21:34:44Z","dateModified":"2024-03-17T17:06:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c7\/Lentille_de_fresnel.jpg","headline":"Leiar-eraztun zentrokidez osatutako leiarra, distantzia fokal bereko leiar estandar bat baino askoz mehegoa eta arinagoa dena. Jatorriz, itsasargietarako garatu ziren."}</script> </body> </html>