CINXE.COM

Home | Hypertension and High Blood Pressure | JAMA Network

<!DOCTYPE html> <html id="doc" lang="en" class="page-index"> <head id="Head1"> <!-- charset must appear in the first 1024 bytes of the document --> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <script> var SCM = SCM || {}; if (SCM.AMA && SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync) { SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("arrSisAffinity", "", "array"); SCM.AMA.DataLayerAsync.push("SubStatus", "no", "string"); } var googletag = window.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if (typeof Storage !== "undefined") { var targetingParamStr = localStorage.getItem("bcDFPTargetingParams"); if (targetingParamStr) { var targetingParameters = JSON.parse(targetingParamStr); // set page-level targeting parameters jQuery.each(targetingParameters, function (index, param) { googletag.cmd.push(function () { window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(param.key, param.value); }); }); } } if (!googletag.pubads) { (function () { var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; gads.setAttribute("async", ""); gads.setAttribute("defer", ""); var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); var App = App || {}; App.Ads = App.Ads || {}; App.Ads.adPath = App.Ads.adPath || '/6479/' + 'ama.channel.jamahypertension'; App.Ads.Mappings = App.Ads.Mappings || {}; App.Ads.slots = App.Ads.slots || []; App.Ads.fromGoogle = !('yes' === 'yes'); App.isCollection = App.isCollection || !!document.getElementsByClassName('pg_collection').length; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads() .setTargeting('environment', ['newjama']) .setTargeting('site', ['ama.channel.jamahypertension']) .setTargeting('sect', ['home']) .setTargeting('sub', ['no']) .setTargeting('device', ['Mozilla%2F4.0%20%28compatible%3B%20MSIE%207.0%3B%20Windows%20NT%206.0%3B%20SLCC1%3B%20.NET%20CLR%202.0.50727%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.0.04506%3B%20.NET%20CLR%203.5.21022%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.0.3705%3B%20.NET%20CLR%201.1.4322%29']) .setTargeting('usaphys', ['no']) .setTargeting('memberstat', ['no']) .setTargeting('pracset', ['']) .setTargeting('specialty', ['other']) .setTargeting('occupation', ['']) .setTargeting('useraffinity', ['']) .setTargeting('direct', ['yes']) .setTargeting('bot', ['']) .setTargeting('datacenter', ['no']) .setTargeting('selfMPA', ['']) .setTargeting('selfSpecialty', ['']); if (App.isCollection) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('collection', ['']); } var testParam = getQueryVariable('test'); if (testParam) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('test', [testParam]); } function getQueryVariable(variable) { var query = window.location.search.substring(1); var vars = query.split('&'); for (var i = 0; i < vars.length; i++) { var pair = vars[i].split('='); if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == variable) { return decodeURIComponent(pair[1]); } } } googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); }); } </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/hypertension/favicon1365327328.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/hypertension/favicon-192x192-698216559.svg" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssetsOriginals/Live/Images/hypertension/apple-touch-icon-180x180.svg"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.css?v=638677764476993385"> <link href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/CSS/hypertension/site.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Hypertension and High Blood Pressure Resources from JAMA Network" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Site" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jamanetwork.com/channels/hypertension" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/hypertension/jn-monogram1398894874.png" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Explore guidelines, recommendations, articles, and resources on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of high blood pressure, including the 2014 JNC8 guideline, the 2017 Hypertension Guideline from ACC and AHA, the 2018 Guidline from ESC and ESH, and the 2021 USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults." /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="87087958340" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="122228711814384" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1648414928738217" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="117506346528" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="97538728726" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="114116793520" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100679858757" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="759822190741773" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="100265333750" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="234770525256" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="98784919862" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="120829458202" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="124842870398" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="110245330325636" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@jama_current" /> <title>Home | Hypertension and High Blood Pressure | JAMA Network </title> <meta name="description" content="Explore guidelines, recommendations, articles, and resources on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of high blood pressure, including the 2014"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://jamanetwork.com/channels/hypertension" /> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/head.min.js?v=638677764511843155"></script> <script src="https://r451.jamanetwork.com/script.js" defer></script> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript"> <meta class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncHeaderAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_HeaderScript" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;hypertension&quot;,&quot;siteId&quot;:307,&quot;journalId&quot;:217,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:0,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"> </div> </head> <body data-sitename="hypertension" class="pg_index channels-page " data-thm="chan"> <script> var App = App || {}; App.suppressAds = App.suppressAds || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-ads').length; App.suppressGtm = App.suppressGtm || !!document.getElementsByClassName('suppress-gtm').length; </script> <div class="widget-AdTag widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Interstitial"> </div> <a class="accessible js-skip-to-navigation" href="#skip-to-navigation">[Skip to Navigation]</a> <!-- Google Tag Manager --><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WNKSNP" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WNKSNP');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <span class="hide tagmanagervalue" data-attribute="productName" data-value="Hypertension" data-type="string"></span> <form method="post" action="./hypertension" id="webform" class="m0"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="FGE9EX5+iwHSxYgPlZbESqiHsb6At/Q6efwlurSQqJdjOCJzC9yP6l4Yi+dcZuuuzNmEBIRyFKnBZn6hRx/NHwn8aVE=" /> </div> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="90059987" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="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" /> </div> <input id="hdnSiteID" type="hidden" value="307" /> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <section class="master-header"> <script type='text/javascript'> var App = App || {}; App.LoginUserInfo = { isInstLoggedIn: [0], currentSessionId: 'xzm51hrxnlewoib31bae1x3j' }; </script> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" type="hidden" id="hfGlobalSearchSiteURL" value="https://jamanetwork.com/" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsPaidUser" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsPaidUser" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsMember" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsMember" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppSubscribedTo" type="hidden" id="hfAppSubscribedTo" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsIndividual" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsIndividual" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppHasAccess" type="hidden" id="hfAppHasAccess" value="false" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle" value="False" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" type="hidden" id="hfSolrAutoSuggestMinimumCharactersLength" value="2" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalName" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalName" value="Hypertension" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfSolrJournalID" type="hidden" id="hfSolrJournalID" value="J217" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$hfAppIsLucy" type="hidden" id="hfAppIsLucy" value="false" /> <div class="header-wrap"> <header class="header"> <div class="widget-GdprCookieBanner widget-instance-GdprCookieBanner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-wrapper js-gdpr-banner"> <div class="gdpr-cookie-body"> Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/privacy-policy#cookies">Cookie Policy</a>&nbsp;<span class="pipe">|</span>&nbsp;<a href="javascript:;" class="js-gdpr-cookie-acceptLink at-acceptgdpr">Continue</a> </div> <input id="hdnDomain" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnDomainGdpr" type="hidden" value=".jamanetwork.com" /> <input id="hdnClientIdGdpr" type="hidden" value="3" /> </div> </div> <div class="network-bar"> <a class="jama-network" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"> <img alt="JAMA Network Home" class="title-image" width="443" height="52" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/Jama_Network_Logo.svg"> </a> </div> <a class="nav-toggler" href="#nav"> <div class="nav-toggler-indicator"> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> <span class="indicator-stroke"></span> </div> <div class="nav-toggler-site"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_siteFullNamenav" class="nav-toggler-microsite">Hypertension</span> </div> </a> <nav id="nav" class="nav hide" > <div class="nav-journal-level sb-nav-journal-level"> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_0" class="jama">JAMA</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/for-authors" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_1" class="for-authors">For Authors</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/audio" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_2" class="podcasts">Podcasts</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/video" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_3" class="video">Video</a><a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptMicrositeHeaders_aItemResourceList_4" target="_blank" class="cme">CME</a> </div> <div class="nav-journals"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="HamburgerPublicationMenu" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .nav-journals {margin-bottom: 1em;} .nav-heading {color: #B9B9B9;border-bottom: 0;border-top: 1px solid #242424;font-size: 1.15em;font-weight: 400;margin: 0;padding: .7em .75em .25em;text-transform: uppercase;} a.no-bullet:before {content:none !important;} .nav-heading {font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom:0;padding-left: 38px;} /* .nav-journals a.theme-jama {background-color: #242424;border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;border-top: 1px solid #fff;color: #fff;font-size: 1.15em;margin-bottom: 8px;padding: 11px 0 9px 37px;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama::before {background: unset;content: "\e91b";display: none;font-family: ama_icons !important;font-size: 1.25em;line-height: 1;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} */ .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu a {padding-left: 36px;} .fake-ribbon {border-left: 8px solid #BE1E32;} .fake-ribbon a:before {content:none;} .nav .widget-instance-HamburgerPublicationMenu .fake-ribbon a {padding-left:30px;} .nav-journals a.theme-plus:before {background:#d71635;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-network-open {border-bottom:0;} </style> <h2 class="nav-heading">JAMA+</h2> <a href="/channels/ai" class="theme-plus">AI</a> <h2 class="nav-heading">Journals</h2> <a href="/journals/jama" class="theme-jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" class="theme-jama-network-open">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology" class="theme-jama-cardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology" class="theme-jama-dermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum" class="theme-jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine" class="theme-jama-internal-medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology" class="theme-jama-neurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology" class="theme-jama-oncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology" class="theme-jama-ophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology </a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology" class="theme-jama-otolaryngology-head-neck-surgery">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics" class="theme-jama-pediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry" class="theme-jama-psychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery" class="theme-jama-surgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc" class="theme-archives-of-neurology-psychiatry-1919-1959-">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav-network-other"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_0" class="is-b link-jn-learning-cme" target="_blank">JN Learning / CME</a><a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_1" class="is-b link-subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a><a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_2" class="is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/resources-for-librarians" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_3" class="is-b link-institutions-librarians">Institutions / Librarians</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/reprints-and-permissions" id="BodyContent_Header_rptOtherResources_aItemResourceList_4" class="is-b link-reprints-permissions" rel="nofollow">Reprints &amp; Permissions</a> </div> <div class="white text-xxs"> <div class="p05 ml4 mr3 mb1 mt10 flex hamburger-menu-legal"> <a href="/pages/conditions-of-use" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Terms of Use</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/privacy-policy" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> <span class="pl1 pr1">| </span> <a href="/pages/accessibility-statement" class="p0" rel="nofollow">Accessibility Statement</a> </div> <div class="ta-c"> <span class="pb1">2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved</span> </div> </div> </nav> <a class="toolbar-search-trigger is-b" data-mobile-tog-target=".site-search"></a> <div id="site-search" role="search" class="site-search"> <div class="site-search-bar"> <div role="search"> <select name="ctl00$ctl00$BodyContent$Header$ddlForSearch" id="BodyContent_Header_ddlForSearch" Name="dropDownList" class="cs-select cs-skin-border" title="Search Site Selector" role="options" aria-labelledby="searchLabel"> <option value="J*">Search All</option> <option value="3">JAMA</option> <option value="214">JAMA Network Open</option> <option value="192">JAMA Cardiology</option> <option value="12">JAMA Dermatology</option> <option value="261">JAMA Forum Archive</option> <option value="193">JAMA Health Forum</option> <option value="15">JAMA Internal Medicine</option> <option value="16">JAMA Neurology</option> <option value="159">JAMA Oncology</option> <option value="17">JAMA Ophthalmology</option> <option value="18">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</option> <option value="19">JAMA Pediatrics</option> <option value="14">JAMA Psychiatry</option> <option value="20">JAMA Surgery</option> <option value="23">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry</option> </select> </div> <div class="search-input-container"> <input type="search" name="textbox" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" id="search-term" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" class="search-term at-microsite-search-term" placeholder="Enter Search Term" maxlength="255" title="Enter Search Term"> <ul id="umbrellaSiteAutoCompleteResults" class="term-list hidden"></ul> <label style="display:none" for="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" id="searchLabel">Input Search Term</label> <input class="searchTerm search-input" name="textbox" role="textbox" type="text" id="umbrellaSiteSearchInputHint" aria-labelledby="searchLabel" title="Input Search Term" autocomplete="off"> </div> <!-- /.search-input-container --> <a name="button" role="button" class="search-button is-b js-search-button" alt="search button" href="/searchresults"></a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_auth" class="auth"> <a class="auth--trigger is-b is-a" href="javascript:;"> <span id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_spnUserFullName" class="user-full-name">Sign In</span> </a> <div class="auth--dropdown js-signIn-dropdown"> <div class="auth--option auth--ind"> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divUserFullName" class="auth--ind-user"></div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divIndSignIn" class="auth--ind-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Individual Sign In</div> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignInLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-sign-in">Sign in</a><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_oauthSignUpLink" rel="nofollow" class="auth--ind-create">Create an Account</a> </div> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_divInstSignIn" class="auth--option auth--inst"> <div class="auth--inst-auth"> <div class="auth--title">Access through your institution</div> <a href="/signinshibboleth?returnUrl=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension" id="BodyContent_Header_GlobalSignIn_institutionSignIn" rel="nofollow" class="auth--shib">Sign In</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="editors-choice-header"> </div> <!-- channels set up --> <!-- /.header-ad-wrap --> </section> <section class="master-main"> <div id="BodyContent_PageContent_divAds" class="header-ad-wrap sb-background-primary-dark"> <div class="leader-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_LeaderboardAd" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;hypertension&quot;,&quot;siteId&quot;:307,&quot;journalId&quot;:217,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:1,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;atf&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-logo-wrapper sb-background-pc"> <div class="h1 header-logo-height"> <div class="nav-logo"> <div class="image-display-wrap"> <div class="site-logo journal-name-header"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/SiteBuilderAssets/Live/Images/hypertension/jamanetwork_v2_R1665615164.svg" alt="Hypertension" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.header-logo-height --> </div> <!-- /.header-logo-wrapper --> <!-- channels set up --> <div class="content"> <div class="social-share channel-site"> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_twitter is-b toolbar-twitter toolbar-share" data-network="twitter" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">X</span> </a> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_facebook is-b toolbar-facebook toolbar-share" data-network="facebook" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">Facebook</span> </a> <div class="toolbar-share-more"> <a class="st-custom-button addthis_button_linkedin is-b toolbar-linkedin toolbar-share" data-network="linkedin" data-title="" data-url="" data-email-subject="" rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;"> <span class="share-text">LinkedIn</span> </a> </div> <a class="toolbar-share-more-link is-a" href="javascript:;" rel="nofollow" data-tog-target=".social-share .toolbar-share-more"><span class="icon icon-carrot_down social-arrow"></span><span class="more-text-wrap">More</span></a> </div> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContent"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SiteMenu widget-instance-Home_MainContentB0Home_SiteMenu"> <nav class="site-links-wrap sb-background-pc"> <div class="site-links channel"> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama" runat="server">JAMA</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/for-authors" runat="server">For Authors</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/audio" runat="server">Podcasts</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://jamanetwork.com/pages/video" runat="server">Video</a> <a class="site-link-channel" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" runat="server">CME</a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Channel_Subheading"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Channel_Subheading" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="channel-header"> <div> Hypertension </div> </div> <div class="channel-links"> <div> <ul class="horizontal-list"> <li> QUICK LINKS: </li> <li> <a href="/channels/hypertension/pages/jnc8"> JNC8 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/5697/hypertension?fl_Categories=Hypertension&amp;fl_ContentType=Article&amp;f_SiteID=3"> See more </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="collapsible-list"> <li><a class="collapsible-list-header" href="#" aria-selected="false">QUICK LINKS</a> <ul class="collapsible-list-target" aria-hidden="true"> <li> <a href="/channels/hypertension/pages/jnc8"> JNC8 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/5697/hypertension?fl_Categories=Hypertension&amp;fl_ContentType=Article&amp;f_SiteID=3"> See more </a> </li> <li> <a href="#multimedia"> Multimedia </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="channel-description"> <div> <p> A collection of articles and resources on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of high blood pressure.</p> </div> </div> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> hypertension_Channel_Subheading </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module homepage-layout" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module homepage-row clearfix" data-count="2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module home-wide-col" data-count="7"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_EditorsChoice"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="EditorsChoice" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <h6>hypertension_EditorsChoice</h6> --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Home_SS1"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS1" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> p.jn-ss-featured-article-authors {font-size:16px;line-height: 1.6;margin-bottom:.5em;} </style> <div class="image-box"> <div class="featured"> <div class="featured-image"> <img alt="" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/hypertension/210727-jn-hypertension-ss1-800.jpg?versionId=77007"> </div> <div class="featured-info"> <a class="link-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2798165">Treatment of Hypertension: A Review</a> <p class="jn-ss-featured-article-authors">Robert M.&nbsp;Carey,&nbsp;MD; Andrew E.&nbsp;Moran,&nbsp;MD; Paul&nbsp;K.&nbsp;Whelton,&nbsp;MB,&nbsp;MD,&nbsp;MSc</p> <p class="featured-article-details">Review | November&nbsp;8, 2022</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> hypertension_Home_SS1 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Home_WidgetTitle1"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_WidgetTitle1" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <h6>hypertension_Home_WidgetTitle1</h6> --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Home_SS2"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS2" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <div class="hp-home-feature"> <a href="#"> <img alt="alt-tag here" class="content-img lazy jhf-lazy-mobile" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/channels/hypertension/hypertension-placeholder-01.png?versionId=71881" /> <img alt="alt-tag here" class="content-img lazy jhf-lazy-tablet" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/channels/hypertension/hypertension-placeholder-01.png?versionId=71881" /> </a> </div> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> hypertension_Home_SS2 </div> --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B2"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentList widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B2Home_MainUberContent2"> <div class="horizontal-orientation widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="widet-standard widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> LATEST FROM JAMA </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="standard widget-dynamic-entry-wrap sb-border-sc"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Medical News in Brief</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2825221">Study: Home Blood Pressure Monitor Cuffs May Not Fit 18 Million US Adults</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Samantha Anderer</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 18, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Medical News in Brief</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824967">More Than Half of US Adults With Uncontrolled Hypertension Don’t Know They Have It</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Samantha Anderer</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 11, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Medical News &amp; Perspectives</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2824776">Heart Health Highlights From ESC Congress</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Jennifer Abbasi</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">October 4, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823291">Low-Dose Triple-Pill vs Standard-Care Protocols for Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Dike B. Ojji, PhD, Abdul Salam, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">August 31, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Editorial</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2823292">Low-Dose Triple-Drug Combination Protocol for Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">George A. Mensah, MD</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">August 31, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Original Investigation</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2821624">Statin and Antihypertensive Therapy Eligibility With the PREVENT Cardiovascular Risk Equations</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">James A. Diao, MD, MPhil, Ivy Shi, MD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">July 29, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Editorial</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2821628">The Evolving Landscape of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Jelani K. Grant, MD, Chiadi E. Ndumele, MD, PhD et al.</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">July 29, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border sb-border-sc"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper"> <p class="widget-dynamic-article-type sb-sc">Medical News in Brief</p> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2820426">Antihypertensives Might Explain Some Older Adults’ New Eczema Diagnoses</a> <p class="widget-dynamic-authors-name sb-pc">Anna Bock</p> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info sb-tc">June 21, 2024</span> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="3"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B3"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_JAMA_More_Link"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="JAMA_More_Link" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <style type="text/css"> div.view-more {border-top: 1px solid #333333; padding-top: 1em;} a.view-more-link {color: #d71635;padding-right:24px;} .widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B4Home_MainUberContent3 .widget-compact.widget-dynamic-title.sb-sc {padding: 0 24px 10px 24px;} </style> --> <div class="view-more ta-r mb2"> <a class="view-more-link" href="/collections/5697/hypertension?fl_Categories=Hypertension&amp;fl_ContentType=Article&amp;f_SiteID=3">View more &gt;</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="4"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B4"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B4Home_MainUberContent3"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> MORE FROM THE JAMA NETWORK </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Research and Review </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827023">Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Cardiovascular Events in Long-Term Care</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 25, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2826006">Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 14, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2825496">Blood Pressure Tracking From Childhood to Midadulthood</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Pediatrics |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 4, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825393">Community Paramedicine Program in Social Housing and Health Service Utilization</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 28, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> </div> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title element-mobile-version sb-sc"> MORE FROM THE JAMA NETWORK </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above element-mobile-version"></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Opinion </div> </div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2824938">Separating Supplement Effects From the Patients Who Use Them</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 24, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2824908">Precision Medicine to Guide Blood Pressure Control</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Editor's Note |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 23, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2824753">Supervised Exercise Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Internal Medicine |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Teachable Moment |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 7, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2823544">Implementation of Hypertension Control Based on the Population</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 11, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc thm-col"> MORE FROM THE JAMA NETWORK </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="heading-wrapper"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Research and Review </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-title sb-pc"> Opinion </div> </div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap multi-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2827023">Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Cardiovascular Events in Long-Term Care</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 25, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2824938">Separating Supplement Effects From the Patients Who Use Them</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 24, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2826006">Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Ophthalmology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 14, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2824908">Precision Medicine to Guide Blood Pressure Control</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Cardiology |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Editor's Note |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 23, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2825496">Blood Pressure Tracking From Childhood to Midadulthood</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Pediatrics |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">November 4, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2824753">Supervised Exercise Therapy for Peripheral Artery Disease</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Internal Medicine |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Teachable Moment |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 7, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2825393">Community Paramedicine Program in Social Housing and Health Service Utilization</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Original Investigation |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 28, 2024</span> </div> <div class="resource-info-wrapper sb-border-sc"> <a class="widget-dynamic-journal-title" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2823544">Implementation of Hypertension Control Based on the Population</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-journal-info">JAMA Network Open |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">Invited Commentary |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 11, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="5"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B5"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Network_More_Link"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Network_More_Link" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="ta-r mb2"> <a class="view-more-link" href="/collections/5697/hypertension?fl_Categories=Hypertension&amp;fl_ContentType=Article&amp;f_SiteID=15AND16AND214AND192AND17AND12AND20AND19AND223AND18AND14AND159AND193AND261">View more &gt;</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="6"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B6"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module flex-container" data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B0B6B0"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module " data-count="1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_More_Articles"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="_More_Articles" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <h4>Landmark JAMA Hypertension Articles</h4> <div class="channel-archive-items"> <!-- <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">journalName</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/">articleTitle</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> articleAuthors </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> articleDate </div> </div> </div> </div> --> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1905</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/464565">Chronic Arterial Hypertension</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> Henry Wireman Cook </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> January 28, 1905 </div> </div> <!-- <div class="col-5 col-archive-img"> <img class="archive-item-img" src="" alt="articleTitle"> </div> --> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1908</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/426957">Portable Blood-Pressure Apparatus</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> KH Beall and EM Mason </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> April 4, 1908 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1912</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/426957">A Study of the Causes of Death in 100 Patients With High Blood Pressure</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> Theodore C. Janeway </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> December 14, 1912 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1953</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/287368">Splanchnicectomy for Essential Hypertension: Results in 1,266 Cases</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> RH Smithwick and JE Thompson </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> August 15, 1953 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1967</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/336799">Effects of Treatment on Morbidity in Hypertension: Results in Patients With Diastolic Blood Pressures Averaging 115 Through 129 mm Hg</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> Cooperative Study </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> December 11, 1967 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1970</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/356138">Effects Morbidity of Treatment on in Hypertension II: Results in Patients With Diastolic Blood Pressure Averaging 90 Through 114 mm Hg</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> August 17, 1970 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1979</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/367742">Five-Year Findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program I: Reduction in Mortality of Persons With High Blood Pressure, Including Mild Hypertension</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> December 7, 1979 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1991</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/386293">Prevention of Stroke by Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Older Persons With Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Final Results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> SHEP Cooperative Research Group </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> June 26, 1991 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">1993</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/407848">Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study: Final Results</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> JD Neaton and Coauthors </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> August 11, 1993 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="channel-archive-item"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="sb-sc article-type">2002</div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-7 col-archive-content"> <div> <a class="sb-anchor-dark article-title" href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/195626">Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)</a> </div> <div class="sb-pc authors"> <span> The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group </span> </div> <div class="sb-tc date"> December 18, 2002 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-DynamicWidgetLayout widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1"> <div class="dynamic-widget-module home-short-col sidebar journal-sidebar" data-count="7"> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="0"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;hypertension&quot;,&quot;siteId&quot;:307,&quot;journalId&quot;:217,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:14,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;mid&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> <div class="widget-ConfigurableAd widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Right_ConfigurableAd_Singlebox"> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="1"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_MainRightRail_RRAd1"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="MainRightRail_RRAd1" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <div class="adlabel"> Advertisement </div> <div class="adplaceholdeSS2right"> <img alt="" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/hypertension/300x250.jpg?versionId=69184" class="filter-image" /> </div> <style> .adlabel { font-size:11px; text-align: center; } img.filter-image { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .adplaceholdeSS2right { padding-bottom: 20px; } </style> --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="2"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_Home_SS3"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Home_SS3" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="id-offset channel-jumps" id="multimedia"> </div> <!-- hypertension_Home_SS3 --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="3"> <div class="widget-SelectableContentListCompact widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Home_MainUberContentRR2"> <div class="mobile-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc"> MULTIMEDIA </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry-wrap single-result-set"> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18920355">Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Maternal and Offspring Outcomes</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 16, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18917556">Heart Health Highlights From ESC Congress</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 4, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909164">JAMA Highlights From ESC 2024</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 2, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18899518">Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 29, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18887482">Postpartum Ambulatory Blood Pressure and New-Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">June 12, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18882215">Outcomes After Living Kidney Donation</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio Author Interview</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 23, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="desktop-version widget-dynamic-wrap"> <div class="widget-compact widget-dynamic-title sb-sc thm-col"> MULTIMEDIA </div> <div class="widget-hairline-above "></div> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-entry-wrap "> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18920355">Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Maternal and Offspring Outcomes</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 16, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18917556">Heart Health Highlights From ESC Congress</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">October 4, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18909164">JAMA Highlights From ESC 2024</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Podcast</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">September 2, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18899518">Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">July 29, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden "> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18887482">Postpartum Ambulatory Blood Pressure and New-Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">June 12, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="widget-dynamic-entry item-Hidden remove-border"> <div class="resource-info-wrapper "> <a class="widget-dynamic-media-title" target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/learning/audio-player/18882215">Outcomes After Living Kidney Donation</a> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info multimedia-label sb-sc thm-col">Audio Author Interview</span><span class="multimedia-label-pipe"> |</span> <span class="widget-dynamic-article-info">May 23, 2024</span> </div> </div><!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry --> </div> </div> <!-- /.widget-dynamic-entry-wrap --> <div class="widget-hairline-below "></div> <a class="see-more-link sb-anchor " href="#" rel="nofollow"> <div class="compact widget-dynamic-browse sb-tc "> <span class="browse-all-label">Expand</span> <span class="icon-carrot_down"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="4"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_MainRightRail_SS2"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="MainRightRail_SS2" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <!-- <style type="text/css"> .widget-SelfServeContent.widget-instance-hypertension_MainRightRail_SS2 { margin-bottom: 2em; } </style> <a href="#"> <img alt="" class="content-img lazy" data-original="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/channels/hypertension/hypertension-placeholder-02.png?versionId=71884" /> </a> <div class="jn-self-serve-label"> hypertension_MainRightRail_SS2 </div> --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="5"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-Home_MainContentB1B0B1Channel_EmailListSignUp"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dynamic-widget-inner-wrap" data-display-order="6"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-hypertension_RightRail_Socials"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="RightRail_Socials" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-selfserve-maintenance.css?versionId=73976"> <style type="text/css"> #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div class="hp-rightRail-socials"> <span>Follow us</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMAJournal/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/JAMA_current" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b linked-in" style="margin-left: 2px;"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> </div> <div id="load-instagram-image">&nbsp;</div> <!-- <h6>hypertension_RightRail_Socials</h6> --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="secFooterControl" class="master-footer"> <script> var App = App || {}; function scmByClass(className) { return document.getElementsByClassName(className); } function scmById(id) { return document.getElementById(id); } function scmquery(selector) { return document.querySelector(selector); } function queryAll(selector) { return document.querySelectorAll(selector); } function isTrueString(string) { if (typeof string === 'string') { return string.toLowerCase() === 'true'; } return undefined; } function updateViewportDimensions() { var w = window, d = document, e = d.documentElement, g = d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0], x = w.innerWidth || e.clientWidth || g.clientWidth, y = w.innerHeight || e.clientHeight || g.clientHeight; return { width: x, height: y }; } var viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); var debounce = function (func, wait, immediate) { var timeout; return function () { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function () { timeout = null; if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); if (callNow) func.apply(context, args); }; }; (function (App) { App.mobileUpperBreakpoint = 767; App.mobileAltBreakpoint = 640; App.mobileMinBreakpoint = 547; App.tabletUpperBreakpoint = 1023; function setVariables() { viewport = updateViewportDimensions(); App.isMobile = (viewport.width <= App.mobileUpperBreakpoint); App.isMobileAlt = (viewport.width <= App.mobileAltBreakpoint); App.isTablet = (viewport.width > App.mobileUpperBreakpoint && viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isTabletDown = (viewport.width <= App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.isDesktop = (viewport.width > App.tabletUpperBreakpoint); App.activeViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; } setVariables(); App.cachedViewport = App.isMobile ? 'small' : App.isTablet ? 'med' : 'large'; App.isAnyArticle = !!(scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length || scmByClass('pg_abstract').length || scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length || scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isSplitScreen = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleFullView').length; App.isArticleRedesign = !!scmByClass('widget-ArticleWrapper').length; App.isAbstract = !!scmByClass('pg_abstract').length; App.isMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-MagazineView').length); App.isChannel = !!(scmByClass('channel-site').length); App.isChannelMag = !!(scmByClass('widget-ChannelsMagazineView').length); App.isFreeArticle = !!(scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .free-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .open-access') || scmquery('.widget-ArticleTopInfo .icon-free') || scmquery('.widget-ChannelsMagazineView .free-access')); App.isTollFreeAccess = false; App.isIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_issue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length || !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length || !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isNewOnline = !!scmByClass('pg_newonline').length; App.isCurrentIssue = !!scmByClass('pg_currentissue').length; App.isPastIssues = !!scmByClass('pg_pastissues').length; App.isJournal = !!scmByClass('pg_journal').length; App.isNetworkHome = !!scmByClass('pg_index').length; App.isSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_searchresults').length; App.isAdvancedSearch = !!scmByClass('pg_advancedsearch').length; App.isPlayer= !!scmByClass('pg_multimediaplayer').length; App.isSelfServe = !!scmByClass('pg_sspage').length; App.isCmsPage = !!scmByClass('pg_cmspage').length; App.isMyAccount = !!scmByClass('pg_myaccount').length; App.supportsFlexbox = !!scmByClass('flexbox').length; App.isCollection = !!scmByClass('pg_collection').length; App.isPaidUser = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsPaidUser').getAttribute('value')); App.isMember = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsMember').getAttribute('value')); App.isIndividual = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsIndividual').getAttribute('value')); App.hasAccess = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppHasAccess').getAttribute('value')); App.isReferredFromGoogle = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsReferredFromGoogle').getAttribute('value')); var subscribedTo = scmById('hfAppSubscribedTo').getAttribute('value'); App.userSubscribedTo = subscribedTo ? subscribedTo.split(',') : undefined; App.isLucy = isTrueString(scmById('hfAppIsLucy').getAttribute('value')); App.currentJournalCount = 27; App.isChannelPage = !!(scmByClass('channels-page')); App.updateAppVariables = debounce(function () { setVariables(); }, 50, false); })(App); </script> <div class="footer-ad-wrapper"> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divAds" class="footer-ad desktop-only"> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_AnchorboardAd_btf" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;hypertension&quot;,&quot;siteId&quot;:307,&quot;journalId&quot;:217,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:11,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;btf&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ad-riser-wrap desktop-only"> <div class="ad-riser--dismiss t-c">X</div> <div class="widget-WidgetLoader widget-instance-AMA_AdTag_Riser"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-AsyncAdLoader" data-url="/AMA/AdTag/AMA_AdTag_Riser" data-params="{&quot;parameters&quot;:{&quot;siteName&quot;:&quot;hypertension&quot;,&quot;siteId&quot;:307,&quot;journalId&quot;:217,&quot;adDisplay&quot;:12,&quot;adSection&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;adPosition&quot;:&quot;Riser&quot;,&quot;fromGoogle&quot;:false},&quot;dynamicParameters&quot;:{&quot;localParams&quot;:&quot;[REPLACE_WITH_LOCAL]&quot;}}"></div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap"> <!-- channels set up --> <div class="btnTop"> <a href="#top" class="icon-top"> <span class="visually-hidden">Button To Top</span> </a> </div> <footer class="footer" id="footer"> <div id="footer-microsite" class="footer-microsite"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Channel_Footer_Left" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 id="BodyContent_Footer_h3SiteName" class="footer-heading is-b footer-microsite-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-microsite-links-wrap">JAMA Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-microsite-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-microsite-contents"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_ContentHeader" class="footer-subheading">Content</h4> <a href="/">Home</a> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio/" target="_blank">Podcasts</a> <a href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">Featured Content</a> </div> <div class="footer-network-other jn-ss-footer-border-top jn-ss-footer-border-bottom"> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning" class="link-network-other is-b link-learning">JN Learning / CME</a> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="link-network-other is-b link-store" target="_blank">Store</a> <a href="/pages/apps" class="link-network-other is-b link-mobile" target="_blank">Apps</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="link-network-other is-b link-jobs" target="_blank">Jobs</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians" class="link-network-other is-b link-institutions-librarians" target="_blank">Institutions</a> <a href="/pages/reprints-and-permissions" class="link-network-other is-b link-reprints-permissions" target="_blank">Reprints &amp; Permissions</a> </div> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSubscribe" class="footer-microsite-subscribe"> <div class="subscribe-meta"> <h4 class="subscribe-heading footer-subheading">Subscribe</h4> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com/" class="subscribe-submit btn jn-ss-footer-button-gray">Go</a> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-channels-unified.css?versionId=76124"> <!-- remove defaults link and inline CSS below to revert to previous version if necessary --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/data/CSSUploads/jamanetwork-channels-defaults.css?versionId=76124"> <style type="text/css"> .widget-SelfServeContent.widget-instance-ai_Channel_Subheading {display:block;margin-bottom:34px;margin-top:-32px;} .channel-links .collapsible-list-header:after {content:"+";font-weight: 700;margin-left: -1px;padding: 0;} .channel-links .collapsible-list-header[aria-selected=true]:after {content: ":";font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700;margin-left:-0;padding: 0;top: -5px;} .channel-links a.collapsible-list-header {color: #D71635;} .channel-links .collapsible-list .collapsible-list-target {margin-left:0;} .channel-links {} .channel-links ul {color:#D71635;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing: -0.2px; list-style-type:none;margin:0 0 20px 0;text-transform: uppercase;} .channel-links ul li {margin-bottom:10px;} .channel-links ul li:last-of-type {margin-bottom:0;} .channel-links ul a {color:#5c5c5c;.3} .channel-links ul a.active-page {color:#D71635;} .channel-links p {font-weight:500;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:0;} .channel-links .horizontal-list {display:none;} .channel-links .collapsible-list {display:block;} @media only screen and (min-width:600px) { } @media only screen and (min-width:768px) { .channel-links ul {flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;letter-spacing: -0.3px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list {font-size:14px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list a {font-size:14px;} .channel-links ul li {margin:0 10px 0 0;} .channel-links ul li:last-of-type {margin-right:0;} .channel-links .collapsible-list {display:none;} .channel-links .horizontal-list {display:flex;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .channel-links ul.horizontal-list {font-size:16px;} .channel-links ul.horizontal-list a {font-size:16px;} } @media only screen and (min-width:1025px) { } @media only screen and (min-width:1440px) { .channel-links ul li {margin-right:25px;} } .site-links-wrap a.site-link-channel { width: unset; padding: 5px 25px; } @media (min-width:768px) { .site-links-wrap a.site-link-channel { padding: 5px 35px; } } @media (min-width:900px) { .site-links-wrap a.site-link-channel { padding: 5px 50px; } } @media (min-width:1024px) { .site-links-wrap a.site-link-channel { padding: 5px 60px; } } @media (min-width:1301px) { .site-links-wrap a.site-link-channel { padding: 5px 75px; } } </style> </div> <div id="footer-network" class="footer-network"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Middle" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-network-sites {width: 62.85542%;} .footer-network-info {width: 35.93976%} .jn-ss-subheading-mt {margin-top: 1.5em;} .jn-registered:after {content: "\00AE";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .jn-trademark:after {content: "\2122";font-size: 50%;vertical-align: top;} .nav-logo-cme-signin-container .nav-logo .site-logo img { min-width:50px;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b jn-registered" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-network-links-wrap"><strong>JAMA</strong> Network</h3> </div> <div class="footer-network-links-wrap"> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div class="internal"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JournalHeader" class="footer-subheading">Publications</h4> <a href="/journals/jama">JAMA</a> <a href="/journals/jamanetworkopen" target="_blank">JAMA Network Open</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology">JAMA Cardiology</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology">JAMA Dermatology</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum">JAMA Health Forum</a> <a href="/journals/jamainternalmedicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology">JAMA Neurology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology">JAMA Oncology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaophthalmology">JAMA Ophthalmology</a> <a href="/journals/jamaotolaryngology">JAMA Otolaryngology–Head &amp; Neck Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics">JAMA Pediatrics</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry">JAMA Psychiatry</a> <a href="/journals/jamasurgery">JAMA Surgery</a> <a href="/journals/archneurpsyc">Archives of Neurology &amp; Psychiatry (1919-1959)</a> </div> <div class="external"> <h4 class="footer-subheading">Sites</h4> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_ssFooterSiteMenu"> <div class="selfServe"> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/art-and-images-in-psychiatry/">Art and Images in Psychiatry</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/2023-most-viewed-jama">Best of the JAMA Network</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/caring-for-the-critically-ill-patient">Caring for the Critically Ill Patient</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/crosswords">Clinical Crosswords from JAMA</a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Resource Center</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://ebm.jamanetwork.com/index.html">Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/fishbein-fellowship">Fishbein Fellowship</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/genomics/">Genomics and Precision Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/health-and-the-2024-us-election">Health and the 2024 US&nbsp;Election</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/hypertension">Hypertension</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/health-forum/archive">JAMA Forum Archive</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/audio">JAMA Network Audio</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/video">JAMA Network Video</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/conferences">JAMA Network Conferences </a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/ai">JAMA+ AI</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/jama-summit">JAMA Summit </a> <a target="_blank" href="/journals/jamasurgery/pages/statistics-and-methods">JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/medical-news">Medical News</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/monkeypox">Mpox (Monkeypox)</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://sites.jamanetwork.com/research-ethics/">Research Ethics</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/collections">Topics and Collections</a> <a target="_blank" href="/pages/visual-abstracts">Visual Abstracts</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/war">War and Health</a> <a target="_blank" href="/channels/womens-health">Women's Health</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Featured Articles</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2781397">CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808296">Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in&nbsp;Medicine</a> <a href="/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Cancer, 2010-2019</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2797443">Global Burden of Long COVID</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2790344">Global Burden of Melanoma</a> <a href="/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/2787350">Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2793874">Global Disparities in Parkinson Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799547">Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2799486">Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning</a> <a href="/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2793903">Neuropsychiatry Sequelae of COVID-19</a> <a href="/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2810313">A New Framework for Dementia Nomenclature</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2800656">Organization and Performance of US Health Systems</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Pharmacy Benefit Managers: History, Business Practices, Economics, and Policy</a> <a href="/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2791195">Promoting EDI in Genetics Research</a> <a href="/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781972">PTSD and Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2810754">Red Blood Cell Transfusion: 2023 AABB International Guidelines</a> <a href="/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2797600">Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2794049">Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796374">The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">USPSTF Recommendation Statements</h4> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779985">Screening for Colorectal Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779190">Screening for Hypertension</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777244">Screening for Lung Cancer</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2796244">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Children</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2783414">Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes In Adults</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2795521">Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease</a> <a href="/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793446">Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">Blogs</h4> <a target="_blank" href="https://amastyleinsider.com/">AMA Style Insider</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-network-info" class="footer-network-info"> <div class="information-for-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_InfoHeader" class="footer-subheading">Information</h4> <a href="/pages/for-authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/pages/resources-for-librarians">For Institutions &amp; Librarians</a> <a href="/pages/advertisers">For Advertisers</a> <a href="/pages/subscription-agents">For Subscription Agents</a> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" target="_blank">For Employers &amp; Job Seekers</a> <a href="https://media.jamanetwork.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">For the Media</a> <a href="/pages/equity-diversity-inclusion">Equity, Diversity, Inclusion</a> <a href="/pages/commenting-policy">Online Commenting Policy</a> <a href="/pages/access-at-jama-network">Public Access and Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/pages/offensive-content-statement">Statement on Potentially Offensive Content</a> </div> <div class="services-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_JAMANetworkProductsHeader" class="footer-subheading">JAMA Network Products</h4> <a href="http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">AMA Manual of Style</a> <a href="https://jamaevidence.mhmedical.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank"><span class="jn-registered">JAMAevidence</span></a> <a href="http://www.peerreviewcongress.org/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Peer Review Congress</a> </div> <div class="learning-links"> <h4 id="BodyContent_Footer_LearningHeader" class="footer-subheading">JN Learning</h4> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning">Home</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/state-cme">State CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/clinical-challenge-courses">Clinical Challenge CME</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/288 ">Atrial Fibrillation Course</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/course/294 ">Women's Health Course</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/pages/auto-credit-reporting">CME / MOC Reporting Preferences</a> <a href="https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/pages/about-cme">About CME &amp; MOC</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-resources-wrap" class="footer-resources-wrap"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Right" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .footer-subheading {color: grey;display:block !important;font-size: 1.17647em;font-weight: 400;text-transform: uppercase;} </style> <div class="footer-heading-wrap"> <h3 class="footer-heading is-b footer-resources-heading" data-mobile-tog-target=".footer-resources">Help</h3> </div> <div class="footer-resources"> <a href="https://store.jamanetwork.com" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Subscriptions &amp; Renewals</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-alerts" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Manage Emails</a> <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=http%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fmyaccount%23my-profile" class="footer-service-link" rel="nofollow">Update My Address</a> <a href="https://support.jamanetwork.com/hc/en-us" class="footer-service-link">Support Center</a> <a href="/myaccount " class="footer-service-link">My Account</a> <h4 class="footer-subheading jn-ss-subheading-mt">JAMA Career Center</h4> <a href="https://careers.jamanetwork.com/" class="footer-service-link" target="_blank">Physician Job Listings</a> </div> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="Channel_Footer_LowerRight" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial {display: inline-block !important;width: 32px;height: 32px;min-width: unset !important;margin: 0 2px 0 3px !important;background-color: #fff;border-radius: 20px;border: 1px solid #191919;vertical-align: middle;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram {background-image: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-black.svg);background-position: 6px 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 18px;} .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:hover, .footer-resources-wrap .iconsocial.instagram:focus {background-color: #C13584;border-color: #191919;} #load-instagram-image { background: url(https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/JamaNetwork/social/instagram-icon-fill.png) no-repeat -9999px -9999px; } </style> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divSocial" class="social-links footer-social-links"> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://www.facebook.com/JAMAJournal/" class="social-link is-b facebook"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://twitter.com/JAMA_current" class="social-link is-b twitter"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://www.instagram.com/jamanetwork/?hl=en" class="iconsocial instagram"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b linked-in"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://www.youtube.com/jamanetwork" class="social-link is-b you-tube"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="https://www.pinterest.com/jamanetwork/" class="social-link is-b pinterest"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-emailid="1571f771-9fbd-4765-8cd4-6f2a47ef9495" href="/rss/site_3/67.xml" class="social-link is-b rss"></a> </div> <!-- <h6>hypertension_Channel_Footer_LowerRight</h6> --> <div id="BodyContent_Footer_divEmailUpdate" class="footer-email-updates"> <div class="widget-EmailListSignUp widget-instance-Home_MainContentB2Channel_EmailListSignUp"> <div class="email-signup"> <div class="email-signup--text sb-pc">Get the latest from JAMA Network</div> <div class="email-signup--input-wrap is-b"> <input type="text" name="email" class="email-signup--input" placeholder="Email address" title="Email address" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="javascript:;" class="email-signup--submit sb-sc btn">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="email-signup--link"> <a class="email-signup--privacy" href="/pages/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a class="email-signup--terms" href="/pages/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></div> <div class="email-signup--user-message"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bar" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="v2_Footer_Bottom_Bar" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> <style type="text/css"> .network-bar .auth--inst {color:#B8B8B8;} .multimedia-caption-container div.video-caption {color: #262626;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.5;} .nav-journals a.theme-jama-health-forum:before {background: #133763;} .jn-bottom-bar {color: #fff; float: left;font-size: 10px;padding: 13px 20px;width: 33.33%;} .jn-bottom-bar p {line-height: 2;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.jn-bottom-bar {float: none;width: 100%;}} .jn-footer-copyright {font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:10px;} .jn-footer-pipe {margin:0 10px;} .footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 230px;} @media (max-width: 900px) {.footer-bar-jn-logo img {width: 200px;}} [data-thm=umb] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jama] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #d71635 !important;} [data-thm=jaman] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed0973 !important;} [data-thm=cardi] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #be1e32 !important;} [data-thm=derm] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006f3b !important;} [data-thm=faci] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #ed1c24 !important;} [data-thm=jama-] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #fb5252 !important;} [data-thm=intem] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #006e96 !important;} [data-thm=neur] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #981b1e !important;} [data-thm=oncol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #3b923f !important;} [data-thm=ophth] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #66bc29 !important;} [data-thm=otol] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #34b6e4 !important;} [data-thm=peds] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #0084c0 !important;} [data-thm=psych] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #005276 !important;} [data-thm=surg] .jobs-ad--text h6 {color: #f47920 !important;} .blockquote .para {margin: 0 0 1em 1em;} .jn-footer-copyright {display: block;} .inline-block {display: inline-block;} </style> <a class="footer-bar-jn-logo d-b no-mw mb1" href="/" title="JAMA Network Home"><img class="mw-100" src="https://cdn.jamanetwork.com/ImageLibrary/global/jn-signature-reversed-r.svg?versionId=82308" alt="Jama Network Logo"></a> <div class="jn-bottom-bar"> <p> <span class="jn-footer-copyright">© 2024 American Medical Association. <span class="inline-block">All rights reserved,</span> including those for text and data mining, AI training, <span class="inline-block">and similar technologies.</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/terms-use" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Terms of Use</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Privacy Policy</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a href="https://www.ama-assn.org/about/accessibility-statement" rel="nofollow" class="p0">Accessibility Statement</a><span class="jn-footer-pipe">|</span></span> <span class="inline-block"><a onclick="OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay()" rel="nofollow" class="p0" id="CookieFooter">Cookie Settings</a></span> </p> </div> <!-- #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} #selfserve-maintenance {display:block;margin:20px 0;max-height:none !important;min-height:200px;visibility:visible;} --> <a class="footer-bar-sis no-mw relative nudge-down" href="https://www.silverchair.com" target="_blank"><img class="footer-bar-sis-img mt05 mw-100" width="600" height="70" src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/img/powered.png" alt="Silverchair Logo" /></a> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="ss-ui-only"> <div class="widget-SelfServeContent widget-instance-AMA_SS_UI_Only"> <div class="self-serve"> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeContentId" value="SsUiOnly" /> <input type="hidden" class="SelfServeVersionId" value="0" /> . </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="widget-UserContentAccessWrite widget-instance-AMA_UserContentAccessWrite_Site"> <div class="SCM-SharedWidgets-LocalStorage-UserContentAccessWrite" data-values='{"id":"0","type":"Site","date":"11/27/2024 7:26:28 PM"}'></div> </div> <div id="revealModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal> <div id="revealContent"></div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="artmet-modal" id="MetricsModal"> <div class="artmet-modal-contents"> <a class="artmet-close-modal">&#215;</a> </div> </div> <div class="widget-SigninModals widget-instance-AMA_SigninModals"> <div class="js-modal-no-access-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_NoAccess_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-paid-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Access your subscriptions</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_PaidPdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-free-pdf-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Sign in to access free PDF</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="widget-AmaAdvancedSeamlessAccess widget-instance-AMA_FreePdf_AdvancedSeamlessAccessButton"> <div class="seamless-access-button--wrap"> <button class="d-flex sa-button align-items-center" role="button" type="button"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <img src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/svg/seamless-access.svg" class="sa-button-logo" alt="Seamless Access Logo" /> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </button> <div class="sa-access-text text-truncate hide"> <div class="sa-cta-access"><span>Add or change institution</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-save-search-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Save your search</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-follow-collection-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Customize your interests</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="js-modal-user-comment-reveal no-access reveal-modal modal tiny" data-reveal> <div class="modal--box"> <div class="modal--title">Make a comment</div> <hr /> <button type="button" role="button" class="modal--btn js-btn-signin-personal" data-oauth-signin-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https%3a%2f%2fjamanetwork.com%2fchannels%2fhypertension"> Sign in<span class="fw-normal"> | personal account</span> </button> <div class="modal--link-wrap"> <a class="modal--link" href="/pages/privacy-policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal icon-close"></a> </div> <div class="hidden-true js-modal-page-data" data-store-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-purchase-url="https://jamanetwork.com/oauthsignin?return_url=https://store.jamanetwork.com" data-store-subscribe-url="https://store.jamanetwork.com"> </div> </div> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?v=638654734634555810"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/UI/app/vendor/jquery-2.2.4.min.js">\x3C/script>')</script> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/dist/app.min.js?v=638677764559592887" defer></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=643701de45aa460012e1032e&amp;product=sop' async='async'></script> </form> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/UI/app/scss/modules/_trendMD.css"> <div class="widget-CustomJSScript widget-instance-"> <script src="//cdn.jamanetwork.com/ama/ama.proxylogging.js" async></script> </div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10