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href="#1st_Far_Eastern_Front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 1st Far Eastern Front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st_Far_Eastern_Front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2nd_Far_Eastern_Front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2nd_Far_Eastern_Front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 2nd Far Eastern Front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2nd_Far_Eastern_Front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Japanese </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 War crimes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Soviet invasion of Manchuria</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الغزو السوفيتي لمنشوريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الغزو السوفيتي لمنشوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Маньчжурская аперацыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маньчжурская аперацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Съветско нахлуване в Манджурия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съветско нахлуване в Манджурия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi%C3%B3_sovi%C3%A8tica_de_Manx%C3%BAria" title="Invasió soviètica de Manxúria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Invasió soviètica de Manxúria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Auguststorm" title="Operation Auguststorm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Operation Auguststorm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowjetische_Invasion_der_Mandschurei" title="Sowjetische Invasion der Mandschurei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sowjetische Invasion der Mandschurei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σοβιετική εισβολή στη Μαντζουρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σοβιετική εισβολή στη Μαντζουρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Manchuria" title="Batalla de Manchuria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Manchuria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soveta_invado_de_Man%C4%89urio" title="Soveta invado de Manĉurio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Soveta invado de Manĉurio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تهاجم شوروی به منچوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تهاجم شوروی به منچوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_sovi%C3%A9tique_de_Mandchourie" title="Offensive soviétique de Mandchourie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive soviétique de Mandchourie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC_%EC%A0%84%EB%9E%B5%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%A0%84" title="만주 전략공세작전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만주 전략공세작전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovjetska_invazija_na_Mand%C5%BEuriju" title="Sovjetska invazija na Mandžuriju – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sovjetska invazija na Mandžuriju" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi_Manchuria_oleh_Uni_Soviet" title="Invasi Manchuria oleh Uni Soviet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Invasi Manchuria oleh Uni Soviet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasione_sovietica_della_Manciuria" title="Invasione sovietica della Manciuria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Invasione sovietica della Manciuria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98" title="מבצע סערת אוגוסט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבצע סערת אוגוסט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მანჯურიის ოპერაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანჯურიის ოპერაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mand%C5%BE%C5%ABrijas_oper%C4%81cija" title="Mandžūrijas operācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mandžūrijas operācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Советска инвазија на Манџурија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Советска инвазија на Манџурија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Манжуурт хийсэн Зөвлөлтийн цэргийн ажиллагаа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манжуурт хийсэн Зөвлөлтийн цэргийн ажиллагаа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operatie_Augustusstorm" title="Operatie Augustusstorm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Operatie Augustusstorm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%93%E3%82%A8%E3%83%88%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E6%BA%80%E6%B4%B2%E4%BE%B5%E6%94%BB" title="ソビエト連邦による満洲侵攻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソビエト連邦による満洲侵攻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasjon_Auguststorm" title="Operasjon Auguststorm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Operasjon Auguststorm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_sovietica_de_Manchoria" title="Campanha sovietica de Manchoria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Campanha sovietica de Manchoria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjuriya_operatsiyasi" title="Manjuriya operatsiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Manjuriya operatsiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_kwantu%C5%84ska" title="Operacja kwantuńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja kwantuńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tempestade_de_Agosto" title="Operação Tempestade de Agosto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Tempestade de Agosto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C8%9Biunea_Furtun%C4%83_de_august" title="Operațiunea Furtună de august – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Operațiunea Furtună de august" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1945)" title="Маньчжурская операция (1945) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маньчжурская операция (1945)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Совјетска инвазија Манџурије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Совјетска инвазија Манџурије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taistelu_Mant%C5%A1uriasta" title="Taistelu Mantšuriasta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taistelu Mantšuriasta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95" title="การบุกครองแมนจูเรียของสหภาพโซเวียต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การบุกครองแมนจูเรียของสหภาพโซเวียต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C3%A7urya_Operasyonu" title="Mançurya Operasyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mançurya Operasyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Маньчжурська операція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маньчжурська операція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_d%E1%BB%8Bch_M%C3%A3n_Ch%C3%A2u_(1945)" 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searchaux" style="display:none">1945 Soviet invasion of the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Soviet invasion in 1945. For the 1900 Russian invasion, see <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Soviet invasion of Manchuria</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg/220px-Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg/330px-Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg/440px-Manchuria_Operation_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="526" /></a> Soviet gains in North East Asia, August 1945</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>9–20 August 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Soviet victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> Collapse of Japanese puppet states <ul><li>Partition of the Korean Peninsula at the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">38th parallel</a>.</li> <li>Most of Manchuria and Inner Mongolia are returned to <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">the Nationalist government of China</a> by a 1945 <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship_and_Alliance" title="Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance">bilateral agreement</a></li> <li>Parts of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> are secretly handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrillas</a> after the Soviet withdrawal in 1946</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a>: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasilevsky" title="Aleksandr Vasilevsky">Aleksandr Vasilevsky</a><a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rodion_Malinovsky" title="Rodion Malinovsky">Rodion Malinovsky</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Meretskov" title="Kirill Meretskov">Kirill Meretskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Purkayev" title="Maksim Purkayev">Maksim Purkayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Kuznetsov_(officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Kuznetsov (officer)">Nikolay Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg/45px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281935%E2%80%931950%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Yumashev" title="Ivan Yumashev">Ivan Yumashev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic"><img alt="Mongolian People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khorloogiin_Choibalsan" title="Khorloogiin Choibalsan">Khorloogiin Choibalsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic"><img alt="Mongolian People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zhamyangiyn_Lhagvasuren" title="Zhamyangiyn Lhagvasuren">Zhamyangiyn Lhagvasuren</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Otoz%C5%8D_Yamada" title="Otozō Yamada">Otozō Yamada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seiichi_Kita" title="Seiichi Kita">Seiichi Kita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jun_Ushiroku" title="Jun Ushiroku">Jun Ushiroku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo"><img alt="Manchukuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo"><img alt="Manchukuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jinghui" title="Zhang Jinghui">Zhang Jinghui</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang"><img alt="Mengjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Demchugdongrub" title="Demchugdongrub">Demchugdongrub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Soviet armies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transbaikal_Front" title="Transbaikal Front">Transbaikal Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="17th Army (Soviet Union)">17th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="36th Army (Soviet Union)">36th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="39th Army (Soviet Union)">39th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="53rd Army (Soviet Union)">53rd Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="6th Guards Tank Army">6th Guards Tank Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Army" title="Mongolian People's Army">Mongolian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Mechanized_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry Mechanized Group">Cavalry Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Air Army">12th Air Army</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/1st_Far_Eastern_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Far Eastern Front">1st Far Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet First Army">1st Red Banner Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Army (Soviet Union)">5th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="25th Army (Soviet Union)">25th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Army (Soviet Union)">35th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Mechanized_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mechanized Corps">10th Mechanized Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Air_Army" title="9th Air Army">9th Air Army</a></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/2nd_Far_Eastern_Front" title="2nd Far Eastern Front">2nd Far Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Second_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Second Army">2nd Red Banner Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="15th Army (Soviet Union)">15th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="16th Army (Soviet Union)">16th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Separate_Rifle_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Separate Rifle Corps">5th Separate Rifle Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuguevsk_Operational_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuguevsk Operational Group (page does not exist)">Chuguevsk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Military_Flotilla" title="Amur Military Flotilla">Amur Military Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Air_Army" title="10th Air Army">10th Air Army</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Japanese armies</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_First_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese First Area Army">First Area Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Third Army">3rd Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Fifth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Fifth Army">5th Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Third_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Third Area Army">Third Area Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Thirtieth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Thirtieth Army">30th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Forty-Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Forty-Fourth Army">44th Army</a></li></ul></li> <li>Independent units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Fourth Army">4th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Thirty-Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Thirty-Fourth Army">34th Army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang"><img alt="Mengjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjiang National Army">Mengjiang National Army</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Soviet Union: <ul><li>1,577,725 troops<a href="#cite_note-glantz378-3">[3]</a></li> <li>27,086 artillery pieces</li> <li>1,152 rocket launchers</li> <li>5,556 tanks and self-propelled guns</li> <li>3,721 aircraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic"><img alt="Mongolian People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mongolia:</li> <li>16,000 troops</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Total:</li> <li>1,573,725 troops</li> <li>27,086 artillery pieces</li> <li>1,152 rocket launchers</li> <li>5,556 tanks and self-propelled guns</li> <li>3,721 aircraft</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> Japan: <ul><li>Manchuria:</li> <li>665,500 soldiers and sailors<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a></li> <li>290 tanks<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></li> <li>1,042 aircraft (232 combat)<a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[b]</a></li> <li>Korea:</li> <li>335,900 soldiers and sailors<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> ~80 tanks<a href="#cite_note-10">[c]</a></li> <li>962 aircraft (395 combat)<a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo"><img alt="Manchukuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Manchukuo:</li> <li>170,000<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a>–200,000 troops<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJowett53-11">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang"><img alt="Mengjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a> Mengjiang:</li> <li>44,000 troops</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Total:</li> <li>1,215,400–1,245,400 troops and sailor</li> <li>370 tanks</li> <li>2,004 aircraft (627 combat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Soviet Union: <ul><li>9,780–12,031 killed</li> <li>24,425 wounded<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939-13">[10]</a></li> <li>300+ tanks destroyed<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic"><img alt="Mongolian People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mongolia:</li> <li>72 killed</li> <li>125 wounded<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Total:</li> <li>9,852–12,103 killed</li> <li>24,550 wounded</li> <li>300+ tanks destroyed</li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> Japanese medical records: <ul><li>21,389 killed<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-claim-17">[d]</a></li> <li>Unknown captured in combat</li> <li>Large amounts of equipment captured<a href="#cite_note-18">[e]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo"><img alt="Manchukuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Manchukuo:</li> <li>Most troops deserted beforehand<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang"><img alt="Mengjiang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Mengjiang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a> Mengjiang:</li> <li>Most troops deserted beforehand<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Soviet claim:</li> <li>83,737 killed</li> <li>20,000 wounded<a href="#cite_note-claim-17">[d]</a></li> <li>594,000–609,000 <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></li> <li>861–925 aircraft</li> <li>369–600 tanks</li> <li>2,576–3,704 guns and mortars captured</li> <li>2,129–2,300 other vehicles captured<a href="#cite_note-19">[f]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[g]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Pacific_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Pacific War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Central Pacific</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalls%E2%80%93Gilberts_raids" title="Marshalls–Gilberts raids">Marshalls–Gilberts raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_K" title="Operation K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilberts and Marshalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Marianas and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inmate" title="Operation Inmate">Truk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Island_massacre" title="Ocean Island massacre">Ocean Island</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean (1941–1945)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raiders_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Japanese raiders in the Indian Ocean">Japanese merchant raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">1st Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Ceylon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stab" title="Operation Stab">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">2nd Indian Ocean</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">Southeast Asia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Malacca_Strait" title="Battle of the Malacca Strait">Malacca Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jurist" title="Operation Jurist">Jurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace">Tiderace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper">Zipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_South-East_Asia_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of South-East Asia (1944–45)">Strategic bombing (1944–45)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Burma (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Burma campaign (1942–1943)">Burma (1942–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944)" title="Burma campaign (1944)">Burma and India (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–45)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Southwest Pacific</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Philippines (1941–42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RY" title="Operation RY">RY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_naval_activity_in_Australian_waters" title="Axis naval activity in Australian waters">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_campaign" title="New Britain campaign">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo (1945)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">North America</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ellwood" title="Bombardment of Ellwood">Ellwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)#Bombardment_of_Estevan_Point_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Estevan Point Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Bombardment of Fort Stevens">Fort Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookout_Air_Raids" title="Lookout Air Raids">Lookout Air Raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu-Go_balloon_bomb" title="Fu-Go balloon bomb">Fire balloon bombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_PX" title="Operation PX">PX</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan" title="Air raids on Japan">Air raids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo" title="Bombing of Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Yokosuka" title="Attack on Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Kure_and_the_Inland_Sea_(July_1945)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attacks on Kure and the Inland Sea (July 1945)">Kure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_air_attacks_on_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Starvation" title="Operation Starvation">Starvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sagami_Bay" title="Battle of Sagami Bay">Sagami Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">Downfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kantokuen" title="Kantokuen">Kantokuen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manchuria (1945)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mutanchiang" title="Battle of Mutanchiang">Mutanchiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seishin_Operation" title="Seishin Operation">Chongjin</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet–Japanese_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Soviet–Japanese War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Soviet–Japanese War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Soviet–Japanese War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet–Japanese_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manchuria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khingan%E2%80%93Mukden_Operation" title="Khingan–Mukden Operation">Khingan–Mukden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gegenmiao_massacre" title="Gegenmiao massacre">Gegenmiao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin%E2%80%93Kirin_Operation" title="Harbin–Kirin Operation">Harbin–Kirin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mutanchiang" title="Battle of Mutanchiang">Mutanchiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hutou_Fortress" title="Siege of Hutou Fortress">Hutou Fortress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Songhua_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Songhua River (page does not exist)">Songhua River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Amur_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Amur River (page does not exist)">Amur River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fuyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Fuyuan (page does not exist)">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Heihe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Heihe (page does not exist)">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Fujin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Fujin (page does not exist)">Fujin</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Northern Korea</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Unggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Unggi (page does not exist)">Unggi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rason (page does not exist)">Rason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seishin_Operation" title="Seishin Operation">Chongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kimchaek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kimchaek (page does not exist)">Kimchaek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wonsan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Wonsan (page does not exist)">Wonsan</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_assault_on_Maoka" title="Soviet assault on Maoka">Maoka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_assault_on_Toro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet assault on Toro (page does not exist)">Toro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_assault_on_Otomari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet assault on Otomari (page does not exist)">Otomari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Soviet_invasion_of_Hokkaido" title="Proposed Soviet invasion of Hokkaido">Hokkaido (cancelled)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, formally known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation<a href="#cite_note-21">[14]</a> or simply the Manchurian Operation (Маньчжурская операция) and sometimes Operation August Storm,<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> began on 9 August 1945 with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> invasion of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>, which was situated in Japanese-occupied <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>. It was the largest campaign of the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a>, which resumed hostilities between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a> (the northeast section of present-day <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>) and northern <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>. The Soviet entry into this theater of the war and the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a> were significant factors in the Japanese government's decision to <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender unconditionally</a>, as it became apparent that the Soviet Union had no intention of acting as a third party in negotiating an end of the war on conditional terms.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hayashi-22">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drea-23">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Butow1954-24">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frank2001-25">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maddox2007-26">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hasegawa2006-27">[20]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War#Summary" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War § Summary</a></div> As agreed with the United Kingdom and the United States (Western Allies) at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> in November 1943 and the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> in February 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> entered World War II's <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theater</a> within three months of the <a href="/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day" title="Victory in Europe Day">end of the war in Europe</a>. The invasion began on 9 August 1945, exactly three months after the <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">German surrender</a> on May 8 (9 May, 0:43 Moscow time). Although the commencement of the invasion fell between the American <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings#Hiroshima" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bombings">atomic bombing of Hiroshima</a>, on 6 August, and only hours before the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings#Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bombings">Nagasaki bombing</a> on 9 August, the timing of the invasion had been planned well in advance and was determined by the timing of the agreements at Tehran and Yalta, the long-term buildup of Soviet forces in the Far East since Tehran, and the date of the German surrender some three months earlier; on August 3, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasilevsky" title="Aleksandr Vasilevsky">Marshal Vasilevsky</a> reported to Premier <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> that, if necessary, he could attack on the morning of 5 August. At 11 p.m. Trans-Baikal (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+10">UTC+10</a>) time on 8 August 1945, Soviet foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> informed Japanese ambassador <a href="/wiki/Naotake_Sat%C5%8D" title="Naotake Satō">Naotake Satō</a> that the Soviet Union had declared war on <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>, and that from 9 August the Soviet government would consider itself to be at war with Japan.<a href="#cite_note-declarationofwar-28">[21]</a> At one minute past midnight Trans-Baikal time on 9 August 1945, the Soviets commenced their invasion simultaneously on three fronts to the east, west and north of Manchuria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khingan%E2%80%93Mukden_Operation" title="Khingan–Mukden Operation">Khingan–Mukden Offensive Operation</a> (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945) (<a href="/wiki/Lesser_Khingan" title="Lesser Khingan">Lesser Khingan</a>-Mukden area);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin%E2%80%93Kirin_Operation" title="Harbin–Kirin Operation">Harbin–Kirin Offensive Operation</a> (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945) (Harbin-Jilin area); and</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungari_Offensive_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungari Offensive Operation (page does not exist)">Sungari Offensive Operation</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Сунгарийская наступательная операция">ru</a>] (9 August 1945 – 2 September 1945).</li></ul> Though the battle extended beyond the borders traditionally known as Manchuria—that is, the traditional lands of the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a>—the coordinated and integrated invasions of Japan's northern territories has also been called the Battle of Manchuria.<a href="#cite_note-Maurer-29">[22]</a> It has also been referred to as the Manchurian strategic offensive operation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_buildup">Background and buildup</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background and buildup">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War#Background_and_buildup" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War § Background and buildup</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> of the early 20th century resulted in a Japanese victory and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a> by which, in conjunction with other later events including the <a href="/wiki/Mukden_incident" title="Mukden incident">Mukden incident</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japanese invasion of Manchuria</a> in September 1931, Japan eventually gained control of Korea, Manchuria and South Sakhalin. In the late 1930s there were a number of <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet-Japanese border incidents</a>, the most significant being the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan" title="Battle of Lake Khasan">Battle of Lake Khasan</a> (Changkufeng Incident, July–August 1938) and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalkhin_Gol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalkhin Gol">Battle of Khalkhin Gol</a> (Nomonhan Incident, May–September 1939), which led to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact" title="Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact">Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact</a><a href="#cite_note-pact-31">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-mongoliadeclaration-32">[25]</a> of April 1941. The Neutrality Pact freed up forces from the border incidents and enabled the Soviets to concentrate on <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">their war with Germany</a>, and the Japanese to concentrate on their southern expansion into Asia and the Pacific Ocean. With <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">success at Stalingrad</a>, and the eventual defeat of Germany becoming increasingly certain, the Soviet attitude to Japan changed, both publicly, with Stalin making speeches denouncing Japan, and covertly with the building up of forces and supplies in the Far East. At the Tehran Conference in November 1943, Stalin, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> agreed that the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. Stalin faced a dilemma: he wanted to avoid a war on two fronts at almost any cost, yet he also saw an opportunity to secure gains in the Far East on top of those he expected in Europe. The only way Stalin could ensure these gains without a two-front war would be for Germany to capitulate before Japan. Due to the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviets made it official policy to intern Allied aircraft and crews who landed in Soviet territory following operations against Japan. However, the Soviets and Western Allies soon came to informal arrangements to circumvent official policy. Under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Lend_Lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend Lease">Lend Lease</a>, the Allies officially transferred aircraft of the same types interred by the Soviets in the Far East, the mutual understanding being that the Soviets would also be able use "interned" Allied aircraft against the Germans without revealing their true origins. In return, Allied airmen held in the Soviet Union were usually transferred to camps near <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> or other Allied-controlled territory, from where they were typically allowed to "escape" after some period of time.<a href="#cite_note-33">[26]</a> Nevertheless, the Soviet buildup in the Far East steadily accelerated even before the defeat of Germany. By early 1945 it had become apparent to the Japanese that the Soviets were preparing to invade Manchuria, though they correctly calculated that they were unlikely to attack prior to Germany's defeat. In addition to their problems in the Pacific, the Japanese realised the need to determine when and where a Soviet invasion would occur. At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Stalin secured Roosevelt's acceptance of Soviet expansion in the Far East, in return for agreeing to enter the Pacific war within two or three months after the defeat of Germany. By the middle of March, things were not going well in the Pacific for the Japanese, and they had withdrawn their elite troops from Manchuria to support actions in the Pacific. Meanwhile, the Soviets continued their Far Eastern buildup, having decided that they did not wish to renew the Neutrality Pact. The terms of the Pact required a notification of expiry 12 months ahead of time, so on 5 April 1945 the Soviets ostensibly obliged, informing the Japanese that they did not wish to renew the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-denunciation-34">[27]</a> This caused the Japanese considerable concern,<a href="#cite_note-35">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[29]</a> but the Soviets went to great efforts to assure the Japanese that the treaty would still be in force for another twelve months, and that the Japanese had nothing to worry about.<a href="#cite_note-Slavinsky-37">[30]</a> Germany surrendered just after midnight Moscow time on 9 May 1945, meaning that if the Soviets were to honour the agreement at Yalta, they would need to enter the war with Japan by 9 August. The situation continued to deteriorate for the Japanese, now the only Axis power left in the war. They were keen to stay at peace with the Soviets,<a href="#cite_note-Slavinsky-37">[30]</a> and ultimately to achieve an end to the war. Since Yalta, they had repeatedly tried to convince the Soviets to extend the Neutrality Pact, as well as attempting to enlist them to mediate peace negotiations with the Western Allies. The Soviets did nothing to discourage these overtures, instead happy to draw out the process for as long as possible whilst continuing to prepare their invasion forces.<a href="#cite_note-Slavinsky-37">[30]</a> One of the goals of Admiral Baron Suzuki's cabinet upon taking office in April was to try to secure any peace terms whatsoever short of unconditional surrender.<a href="#cite_note-Jones1949-38">[31]</a> In late June, they once again approached the Soviets, inviting them to mediate with the Western Allies in support of Japan, providing them with specific proposals. In exchange, they were prepared to offer the Soviets very attractive territorial concessions. Stalin ostensibly expressed interest, and the Japanese now awaited an official Soviet response, even as the Soviets continued to deliberately avoid providing one. The <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> was held from 16 July to 2 August; on 24 July the Soviet Union recalled all its embassy staff and families from Japan. On 26 July the conference produced the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a> whereby Churchill, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> demanded Japan's unconditional surrender. The Japanese avoided responding to the declaration, instead continuing to wait on a clarifying Soviet reply.<a href="#cite_note-Slavinsky-37">[30]</a> The Japanese had been monitoring <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> traffic and Soviet activity to the east of Manchuria. In conjunction with the delaying tactics, this suggested that the Soviets would not be ready to invade east Manchuria before the end of August. The Japanese did not have any concrete evidence as to when or where any invasion would occur.<a href="#cite_note-Drea-23">[16]</a> They had estimated that an attack was not likely before the spring of 1946, but the <a href="/wiki/Stavka" title="Stavka">Stavka</a> had in fact been planning for a mid-August offensive, successfully <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_deception" title="Russian military deception">concealing the buildup</a> of a force of 90 divisions. Many Soviet units had crossed Siberia in their vehicles to avoid straining the rail link.<a href="#cite_note-39">[32]</a> The Japanese were caught completely by surprise upon receiving the Soviet declaration of war an hour before midnight on 8 August, now facing a simultaneous invasion on three fronts that began just after midnight on 9 August. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combatants">Combatants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Combatants">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviets">Soviets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Боевой состав советских войск в Советско-японской войне">ru:Боевой состав советских войск в Советско-японской войне</a></div> The Far East Command,<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a> under <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> Aleksandr Vasilevsky, had a plan to conquer Manchuria that was simple but huge in scale,<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> calling for a massive <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">pincer movement</a> over all of Manchuria. This was to be performed by the <a href="/wiki/Transbaikal_Front" title="Transbaikal Front">Transbaikal Front</a> from the west and by the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Front_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Eastern Front (Soviet Union)">1st Far Eastern Front</a> from the east; the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Far_Eastern_Front" title="2nd Far Eastern Front">2nd Far Eastern Front</a> was to attack the center of the <a href="/wiki/Salients,_re-entrants_and_pockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Salients, re-entrants and pockets">pocket</a> from the north.<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a> The only Soviet equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theater command</a> that operated during the war (apart from the short-lived 1941 "Directions" in the west), Far East Command, consisted of three <a href="/wiki/Front_(Soviet_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Front (Soviet Army)">Red Army fronts</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transbaikal_Front">Transbaikal Front</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transbaikal Front">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchuria_1945-A.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manchuria_1945-A.PNG/220px-Manchuria_1945-A.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manchuria_1945-A.PNG/330px-Manchuria_1945-A.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Manchuria_1945-A.PNG/440px-Manchuria_1945-A.PNG 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>Basic map showing the Soviet invasion plan for Manchuria<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a></figcaption></figure> The Transbaikal Front, under Marshal <a href="/wiki/Rodion_Malinovsky" title="Rodion Malinovsky">Rodion Malinovsky</a>, included:<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="17th Army (Soviet Union)">17th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="36th Army (Soviet Union)">36th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="39th Army (Soviet Union)">39th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="53rd Army (Soviet Union)">53rd Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="6th Guards Tank Army">6th Guards Tank Army</a></li> <li>Soviet <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Army" title="Mongolian People's Army">Mongolian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Mechanized_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalry Mechanized Group">Cavalry Mechanized Group</a> under <a href="/wiki/Issa_Pliyev" title="Issa Pliyev">Issa Pliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Air_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Air Army">12th Air Army</a>.</li></ul> The Transbaikal Front was to form the western half of the Soviet pincer movement, attacking across the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner Mongolian">Inner Mongolian</a> desert and over the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khingan" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a> mountains.<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a> These forces had as their objectives firstly to secure Mukden (present day <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>), then to meet troops of the 1st Far Eastern Front at the <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a> area in south central Manchuria,<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> and in doing so finish the <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">pincer movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> Amassing over one thousand tanks and <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled gun">self-propelled guns</a>, the <a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Army" title="6th Guards Tank Army">6th Guards Tank Army</a> was to serve as an <a href="/wiki/Armored_spearhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored spearhead">armored spearhead</a>, leading the Front's advance and capturing objectives 350 km (220 mi) inside Manchuria by the fifth day of the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> The <a href="/wiki/36th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="36th Army (Soviet Union)">36th Army</a> was also attacking from the west, but with the objective of meeting forces of the 2nd Far Eastern Front at <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1st_Far_Eastern_Front">1st Far Eastern Front</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1st Far Eastern Front">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/1st_Far_Eastern_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Far Eastern Front">1st Far Eastern Front</a>, under Marshal <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Meretskov" title="Kirill Meretskov">Kirill Meretskov</a>, included:<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet First Army">1st Red Banner Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Army (Soviet Union)">5th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="25th Army (Soviet Union)">25th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Army (Soviet Union)">35th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Mechanized_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mechanized Corps">10th Mechanized Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Air_Army" title="9th Air Army">9th Air Army</a>.</li></ul> The 1st Far Eastern Front was to form the eastern half of the pincer movement. This attack involved the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_First_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet First Army">1st Red Banner Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Army (Soviet Union)">5th Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/10th_Mechanized_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Mechanized Corps">10th Mechanized Corps</a> striking towards <a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a> (or Mutanchiang).<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> Once that city was captured, this force was to advance towards the cities of <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> (or Kirin), Changchun and Harbin.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> Its final objective was to link up with the forces of the Transbaikal Front at Changchun and Jilin thus closing the double envelopment movement. As a secondary objective, the 1st Far Eastern Front was to prevent Japanese forces from escaping to <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, and then invade the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/38th_parallel_north#Korea" title="38th parallel north">38th parallel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> establishing in the process what later became <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. This secondary objective was to be carried out by the <a href="/wiki/25th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="25th Army (Soviet Union)">25th Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/35th_Army_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="35th Army (Russia)">35th Army</a> was tasked with capturing the cities of <a href="/wiki/Boli_County" title="Boli County">Boli</a> (or Poli), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linkou,_Heilongjiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linkou, Heilongjiang (page does not exist)">Linkou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2nd_Far_Eastern_Front">2nd Far Eastern Front</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2nd Far Eastern Front">edit</a>]</div> The 2nd Far Eastern Front, under General <a href="/wiki/Maksim_Purkayev" title="Maksim Purkayev">Maksim Purkayev</a>, included:<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Second_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Second Army">2nd Red Banner Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="15th Army (Soviet Union)">15th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="16th Army (Soviet Union)">16th Army</a> (whose 56th Rifle Corps was its only formation to see combat, on <a href="/wiki/South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Separate_Rifle_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Separate Rifle Corps">5th Separate Rifle Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuguevsk_Operational_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuguevsk Operational Group (page does not exist)">Chuguevsk Operational Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Military_Flotilla" title="Amur Military Flotilla">Amur Military Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Air_Army" title="10th Air Army">10th Air Army</a></li></ul> The 2nd Far Eastern Front was deployed in a supporting attack role.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> Its objectives were the cities of Harbin and Qiqihar,<a href="#cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">[2]</a> and to prevent an orderly withdrawal to the south by the Japanese forces.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> The front also included the <a href="/wiki/88th_Separate_Rifle_Brigade" title="88th Separate Rifle Brigade">88th Separate Rifle Brigade</a>, composed of Chinese and Korean guerrillas of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army</a> who had retreated into the USSR in the beginning of the 1940s. The unit, led by <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Baozhong" title="Zhou Baozhong">Zhou Baozhong</a>, was set to participate in the invasion for use in sabotage and reconnaissance missions, but was considered too valuable to be sent into the battlefield. They were thus withheld from participating in combat and instead used for leadership and administrative positions for district offices and police stations in the liberated areas during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">subsequent occupation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gavryuchenkov-40">[33]</a> The Korean battalion of the brigade (including future leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic People's Republic of Korea">DPRK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>) were also sent to assist in the following occupation of Northern <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Korea">Korea</a> as part of the 1st Far Eastern Front.<a href="#cite_note-Gavryuchenkov-40">[33]</a> Once troops from the 1st Far Eastern Front and Transbaikal Front captured the city of Changchun, the 2nd Far Eastern Front was to attack the <a href="/wiki/Liaotung_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaotung Peninsula">Liaotung Peninsula</a> and seize Port Arthur (present day <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshun">Lüshun</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Soviet forces under the Far East Command<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Total</th> <th>Transbaikal Front</th> <th>1st Far East Front</th> <th>2nd Far East Front </th></tr> <tr> <th>Men </th> <td>1,577,725</td> <td>654,040</td> <td>586,589</td> <td>337,096 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artillery pieces </th> <td>27,086</td> <td>9,668</td> <td>11,430</td> <td>5,988 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Multiple rocket launchers </th> <td>1,171</td> <td>583</td> <td>516</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tanks and self-propelled guns </th> <td>5,556<a href="#cite_note-41">[h]</a></td> <td>2,416</td> <td>1,860</td> <td>1,280 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Aircraft </th> <td>3,721</td> <td>1,324</td> <td>1,137</td> <td>1,260 </td></tr></tbody></table> Each front had "front units" attached directly to the front instead of an army.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> The forces totaled 89 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> with 1.5 million men, 3,704 <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a>, 1,852 <a href="/wiki/Self_propelled_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self propelled gun">self propelled guns</a>, 85,819 vehicles and 3,721 aircraft. Approximately one-third of its strength was in combat support and services.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> The Soviet plan incorporated all of the experience in maneuver warfare that they had acquired in fighting the Germans.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Japanese">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Боевой состав японской императорской армии в Советско-японской войне">ru:Боевой состав японской императорской армии в Советско-японской войне</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a>, under General <a href="/wiki/Otozo_Yamada" class="mw-redirect" title="Otozo Yamada">Otozo Yamada</a>, was the major part of the Japanese occupation forces in Manchuria and Korea, and consisted of two Area Armies and three independent armies:<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_First_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese First Area Army">First Area Army</a> (northeastern Manchukuo), including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Third Army">3rd Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Fifth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Fifth Army">5th Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Third_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Third Area Army">Third Area Army</a> (southwestern Manchukuo), including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Thirtieth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Thirtieth Army">30th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Forty-Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Forty-Fourth Army">44th Army</a></li></ul></li> <li>Independent units: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Fourth Army">4th Army</a> (an independent field army responsible for northern Manchuria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Thirty-Fourth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Thirty-Fourth Army">34th Army</a> (an independent field army responsible for the areas between the Third and Seventeenth Area Armies in northern Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Seventeenth_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Seventeenth Area Army">Seventeenth Area Army</a> (responsible for Korea; assigned to the Kwantung Army at the eleventh hour, to no avail)</li></ul></li></ul> Each Area Army (Homen Gun, the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> "army") had headquarters units and units attached directly to the Area Army, in addition to the field armies (the equivalent of a Western corps). In addition, the Japanese were assisted by the forces of their <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a>. Manchukuo had an army of about 170,000 to 200,000 troops, while Mengjiang had around 44,000 troops, with the majority of these puppet troops being of dubious quality.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Korea, the next target for the Soviet Far East Command, was garrisoned by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Seventeenth_Area_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Seventeenth Area Army">Japanese Seventeenth Area Army</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg/220px-IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg/330px-IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/IJA_Type_95_Ha-Go_Manchuria_model_rear-side_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>An IJA Type 95 Ha-Go of the Manchuria Tank School</figcaption></figure> Including the Japanese forces in Korea, the Kwantung Army had over 900,000 men in 31 divisions and 13 brigades; there were about 400 obsolescent tanks and 2,000 aircraft (of the 1040 aircraft in Manchuria, only 230 were combat types and 55 were modern<a href="#cite_note-42">[34]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-43">[35]</a> However, the Kwantung Army was far below its authorized strength; most of its heavy equipment and all of its best military units had transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Theater</a> over the previous three years to contend with the advance of American forces. Some Kwantung Army units had also re-deployed south against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Nationalist Chinese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ichigo">Operation Ichigo</a> in 1944. By 1945 the Kwantung Army contained a large number of raw recruits and conscripts, with generally obsolete, light, or otherwise limited equipment. Almost all of the tanks were early 1930s models such as the <a href="/wiki/Type_95_Ha-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 95 Ha-Go">Type 95 Ha-Go</a> and <a href="/wiki/Type_89_I-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 89 I-Go">Type 89 I-Go</a>, the anti-tank units only possessed <a href="/wiki/Type_1_37_mm_Anti-Tank_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1 37 mm Anti-Tank Gun">Type 1 37 mm anti-tank guns</a> that were ineffective against Soviet armor, and the infantry had very few machine-guns and no <a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">anti-materiel rifles</a> or submachine guns. As a result, the Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea had essentially been reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Light-infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-infantry">light-infantry</a> counter-insurgency force with limited mobility and limited ability to fight a conventional land war against a coordinated enemy. In fact, only six of the Kwantung Army's divisions existed prior to January 1945. Accordingly, the Japanese regarded none of the Kwantung Army's units as combat ready, with some units being declared less than 15% ready.<a href="#cite_note-44">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> did not contribute to the defense of Manchuria, the occupation of which it had always opposed on strategic grounds. Additionally, by the time of the Soviet invasion, the few remnants of its fleet were stationed and tasked for the defense of the Japanese home islands in the event of an invasion by American forces. Compounding their problems, the Japanese military made many wrong assumptions and major mistakes, most significantly: <ul><li>They wrongly assumed that any attack coming from the west would follow either the old railway line to <a href="/wiki/Hailar_District" title="Hailar District">Hailar</a>, or head into <a href="/wiki/Solun_(Inner_Mongolia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solun (Inner Mongolia)">Solun</a> from the eastern tip of Mongolia. The Soviets did attack along those routes, but their main attack from the west went through the supposedly impassable <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khingan" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a> range south of Solun and into the center of Manchuria.</li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">military intelligence</a> failed to determine the nature, location and scale of the Soviet buildup in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Far_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Far East">Soviet Far East</a>. Based upon an initial underestimation of Soviet strength and on the monitoring of Soviet traffic on the Trans-Siberian railway, the Japanese believed that the Soviets would not have sufficient forces in place for an offensive before the end of August 1945, and that an attack was most likely in the autumn of 1945 or in the spring of 1946.</li></ul> Due to the withdrawal of the Kwantung Army's elite forces for redeployment into the Pacific Theater, the Japanese made new operational plans during the summer of 1945 for the defence of Manchuria against a seemingly inevitable Soviet attack. These called for redeploying the bulk of available forces from the border areas; the borders were to be held lightly and delaying actions were to be fought while the main force was to hold the southeastern corner in strength (so defending Korea from attack).<a href="#cite_note-Hayashi-22">[15]</a> Further, the Japanese had observed Soviet activity only on the Trans-Siberian railway and along the east Manchurian front, and accordingly prepared for an invasion from the east. They believed that when an attack occurred from the west, the redeployed forces would be able to deal with it.<a href="#cite_note-Hayashi-22">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drea-23">[16]</a> Although the Japanese redeployment in Manchukuo had begun, it was not due for completion until September 1945, and hence the Kwantung Army was in the midst of redeploying when the Soviets launched their attack simultaneously on all three fronts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Campaign">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mutanchiang" title="Battle of Mutanchiang">Battle of Mutanchiang</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/450px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/600px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption>Manchurian offensive</figcaption></figure> The operation was carried out as a classic double pincer movement over an area the size of the entire <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western European theatre of World War II</a>. In the western pincer, the Red Army advanced over the deserts and mountains from Mongolia, far from their resupply railways. This confounded the Japanese military analysis of Soviet logistics, and the defenders were caught by surprise in unfortified positions. The Kwantung Army commanders were engaged in a planning exercise at the time of the invasion, and were away from their forces for the first eighteen hours of conflict. The Russians treated the Japanese with the utmost cruelty after their deadly attack on Japan's Kwantung Army in Manchuria just days before Japan's surrender.<a href="#cite_note-45">[37]</a> Japanese forces were overwhelmed by Soviet attacks. Soviet paratroopers destroyed the Kwantung Army from behind its own lines, while Japanese anti-tank shells bounced off the sides of Soviet tanks.<a href="#cite_note-46">[38]</a> The Japanese forces in Manchuria retreated in fear.<a href="#cite_note-47">[39]</a> Japanese troops and able-bodied Japanese men in Manchuria were taken prisoner by the Russians and transported to labor camps in Siberia, where many Japanese men would die.<a href="#cite_note-48">[40]</a> From the Russians' perspective, this was seen as revenge for Russia's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> of 1905.<a href="#cite_note-49">[41]</a> The stories of how poorly the Soviets treated the Japanese were brought to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> by Japanese evacuees of Manchuria, creating panic among the Japanese population; however, the Russians honored their agreement with Chiang Kai-shek by not entering China proper.<a href="#cite_note-50">[42]</a> Japanese communication infrastructure was poor, and the Japanese lost communication with forward units very early on. However, the Kwantung Army had a formidable reputation as fierce and relentless fighters, and even though understrength and unprepared, put up strong resistance at the town of <a href="/wiki/Hailar_District" title="Hailar District">Hailar</a> which tied down some of the Soviet forces. The Japanese defenders held out until 18 August, when 3,827 survivors surrendered.<a href="#cite_note-51">[43]</a> At the same time, Soviet airborne units seized airfields and city centers in advance of the land forces, and aircraft ferried fuel to those units that had outrun their supply lines. Due to Japanese 37mm and 47mm anti-tank guns being only suitable for fighting light Soviet tanks, Japanese forces decided to use <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bomber">suicide bomber</a> squads strapped with grenades and explosives as their main improvised anti-tank weapon.<a href="#cite_note-mer1-52">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Service">Japanese Army aviation</a> employed several <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> attacks to strike Soviet armoured targets and fortifications in attempt to stop the Soviet advance.<a href="#cite_note-54">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a> Nevertheless, the prospect of a quick defeat to the Japanese Army seemed far from clear. Given the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult#Ancient_and_Imperial_Japan" title="Imperial cult">fanatical and sometimes suicidal resistance</a> put up by the Japanese forces similar in April–June 1945 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a>, there was every reason to believe that a long, difficult campaign for the capture of the last remaining Japanese fortified areas was expected. In some parts of the Soviet offensive these expectations were fulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-as1-58">[50]</a> The Soviet pincer from the East crossed the <a href="/wiki/Ussuri" title="Ussuri">Ussuri</a> and advanced around <a href="/wiki/Khanka_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanka Lake">Khanka Lake</a> and attacked towards <a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a>, and although Japanese defenders fought hard and provided strong resistance, the Soviets proved overwhelming. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9,_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg/220px-Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg/330px-Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg/440px-Soviet_infantry_crosses_the_border_of_Manchuria._August_9%2C_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Soviet troops crossing into Manchuria, 9 August 1945</figcaption></figure> After a week of fighting, during which time Soviet forces had penetrated deep into Manchukuo, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Emperor Hirohito</a> recorded the <a href="/wiki/Gyokuon-h%C5%8Ds%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyokuon-hōsō">Gyokuon-hōsō</a> which was broadcast on radio to the Japanese nation on 15 August 1945. It made no direct reference to a surrender of Japan, instead stating that the government had been instructed to accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration fully. This created confusion in the minds of many listeners who were not sure if Japan had surrendered. The poor audio quality of the radio broadcast, as well as the formal courtly language in which the speech was composed, worsened the confusion. The Imperial Japanese Army Headquarters did not immediately communicate the cease-fire order to the Kwantung Army, and many elements of the army either did not understand it, or ignored it. Hence, pockets of fierce resistance from the Kwantung Army continued, and the Soviets continued their advance, largely avoiding the pockets of resistance, reaching Mukden, Changchun and <a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a> by 20 August. The cease-fire order was eventually communicated to the Kwantung Army, but not before the Soviets had made most of their territorial gains. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21,_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg/220px-Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg/330px-Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg/440px-Soviet_troops_enter_the_liberated_Harbin._August_21%2C_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>Soviet troops enter the city of Harbin following its liberation on 21 August 1945</figcaption></figure> On the Soviet right flank, the Soviet-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian</a> Cavalry-Mechanized Group entered Inner Mongolia and quickly took <a href="/wiki/Dolon_Nor" title="Dolon Nor">Dolon Nur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalgan">Kalgan</a>. The Emperor of Manchukuo (and former Emperor of China), <a href="/wiki/Puyi" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, was captured by the Red Army. On August 18, several Soviet amphibious landings were conducted ahead of the land advance: <a href="/wiki/Seishin_Landing_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seishin Landing Operation">three landings in northern Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of South Sakhalin">one landing</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">one landing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>. This meant that, in Korea at least, there were already Soviet soldiers waiting for the troops coming overland. In South Sakhalin and the Kurils, it meant a sudden establishment of Soviet sovereignty. The land advance was stopped a good distance short of the <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a>, the start of the Korean Peninsula, when even aerial supply became unavailable. The forces already in Korea were able to establish control in the peninsula's northern area. In accordance with arrangements made earlier with the American government to divide the Korean Peninsula, Soviet forces stopped at the 38th parallel, leaving the Japanese still in control of the southern part of the peninsula. Later, on 8 September 1945, American forces landed at <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War#Importance_and_consequences" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War § Importance and consequences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_War_Crime_Trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Khabarovsk War Crime Trials">Khabarovsk War Crime Trials</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%BA%A2%E5%86%9B%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3670" data-file-height="2401" /></a><figcaption>Soviet Red Army Martyrs Cemetery built in <a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli</a> after the war</figcaption></figure> The invasion of Manchuria was a factor that contributed to the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">Soviet occupation of Manchuria</a>, along with the northern portions of the Korean Peninsula, allowed for parts of those regions to be transferred by the Soviet Union into the control of local communists after the Soviet withdrawal in 1946<a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a> in spite of <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship_and_Alliance" title="Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance">a 1945 agreement</a> signed between the Soviets and the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[52]</a> The control of these regions by communist governments backed by Soviet authorities would be a factor in the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communists" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Communists">Chinese Communists</a> and shape the political conflict of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. Several thousand Japanese who were sent as colonizers to Manchukuo and Inner Mongolia were left behind in China. The majority of Japanese left behind in China were women, and these Japanese women mostly married Chinese men and became known as "stranded war wives" (zanryu fujin).<a href="#cite_note-61">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[54]</a> Because they had children fathered by Chinese men, Japanese women were not allowed to bring their Chinese families back with them to Japan, so most of them stayed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_nationality_laws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese nationality laws (page does not exist)">Japanese nationality laws</a> allowed only children fathered by Japanese fathers to become Japanese citizens. In late 1949, numerous members of the former Kwantung Army who had been captured in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria were convicted in connection with the activities of <a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a>, and related units for their connections with crimes against humanity and the use of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapons">biological weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: War crimes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gegenmiao_massacre" title="Gegenmiao massacre">Gegenmiao massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></div> During the invasion of Manchuria, Soviet soldiers killed and raped Japanese civilians.<a href="#cite_note-til-64">[56]</a> The most famous example was the <a href="/wiki/Gegenmiao_massacre" title="Gegenmiao massacre">Gegenmiao massacre</a>, Soviet soldiers from an armoured unit massacred over one thousand Japanese women and children.<a href="#cite_note-Ealey-65">[57]</a> Property of the Japanese were also looted by the Soviet troops.<a href="#cite_note-til-64">[56]</a> Soviet forces responsible for the massacre had carried out the same crimes against civilians in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ealey-65">[57]</a> According to Soviet historian Vyacheslav Zimonin, many Japanese settlers committed mass suicide as the Red Army approached. Mothers were forced by the Japanese military to kill their own children before being killed themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonin-66">[58]</a> The Japanese army often took part in the killings of its civilians. The commander of the 5th Japanese Army, General <a href="/wiki/Tsunenori_Shimizu" title="Tsunenori Shimizu">Shimizu</a>, commented that "each nation lives and dies by its own laws." Wounded Japanese soldiers who were incapable of moving on their own were often left to die as the army retreated.<a href="#cite_note-Zimonin-66">[58]</a> British and U.S. reports indicate that the Soviet troops that occupied Manchuria (about 700,000) also looted and terrorized the local people of Mukden and were not discouraged by Soviet authorities from "three days of rape and pillage." In Harbin, Soviet forces ignored protests from <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party</a> leaders on the mass rape and looting.<a href="#cite_note-FCJones-67">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-CSM-68">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a> There were several incidents in which Chinese police forces in Manchuria arrested or even killed Soviet troops for committing various crimes, leading to some conflicts between the Soviet and Chinese authorities in Manchuria.<a href="#cite_note-73">[65]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet occupation of North Korea</a>, it was reported that Soviet soldiers committed rape against both <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a> women alike in the northern half of the Korean peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> Soviet soldiers also looted the property of both Japanese and Koreans living in northern Korea.<a href="#cite_note-:0-76">[68]</a> The Soviets laid claim to Japanese enterprises in Manchuria and northern Korea and took valuable materials and industrial equipment.<a href="#cite_note-FCJones-67">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-76">[68]</a> Konstantin Asmolov of the Center for Korean Research of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> dismisses Western accounts of Soviet violence against civilians in the Far East as exaggeration and rumor and contends that accusations of mass crimes by the Red Army inappropriately extrapolate isolated incidents regarding the nearly 2,000,000 Soviet troops in the Far East into mass crimes. According to him, such accusations are refuted by the documents of the time, from which it is clear that such crimes were far less of a problem than in Germany. Asmolov further asserts that the Soviets prosecuted their perpetrators while prosecution of German and Japanese "rapists and looters" in WWII was virtually unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Asmolov-77">[69]</a> Japanese women in Manchukuo were repeatedly raped by Russian soldiers every day including underage girls from the families of Japanese who worked for the military and the Manchukuo rail at Beian airport and Japanese military nurses. The Russians seized Japanese civilian girls at Beian airport where there were a total of 1,000 Japanese civilians, repeatedly raping 10 girls each day as recalled by Yoshida Reiko and repeatedly raped 75 Japanese nurses at the Sunwu military hospital in Manchukuo during the occupation. The Russians rejected all the pleading by the Japanese officers to stop the rapes. The Japanese were told by the Russians that they had to give their women for rape as war spoils.<a href="#cite_note-78">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a> Soviet soldiers raped Japanese women from a group of Japanese families that were with Yamada Tami that attempted to flee their settlements in 14 August and go to Mudanjiang. Another group of Japanese women that were with Ikeda Hiroko that on 15 August tried to flee to Harbin but returned to their settlements were raped by Soviet soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-84">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Foreign interventions by the Soviet Union">Foreign interventions by the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlers_in_Manchuria" title="Japanese settlers in Manchuria">Japanese settlers in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military history of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_in_World_War_II" title="Mongolia in World War II">Mongolia in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Manchukuo" title="War crimes in Manchukuo">War crimes in Manchukuo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Combined with the 34th Army in northern Korea, the Kwantung Army had 713,729 troops.<a href="#cite_note-Glantz-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-glantz378-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Of this total, 188 were fighters, 9 bombers, 27 reconnaissance, 8 transports, and 810 trainers. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> There was one tank regiment, the 12th, in Northern Korea at that time. </li> <li id="cite_note-claim-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-claim_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-claim_17-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Coox" title="Alvin Coox">Coox, Alvin D.</a> Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. Stanford University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7">0-8047-1160-7</a>. p. 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession were as follows: 594,000–609,000 <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a>, 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles<a href="#cite_note-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939-13">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Coox" title="Alvin Coox">Coox, Alvin D.</a> Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7">0-8047-1160-7</a>. p. 1176. 21,389 dead is from Japanese medical records; the Soviets claimed that the number of Japanese dead numbered 83,737. This number does not count POWs who died due to mistreatment in camps after the war. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> After the war, the number of Japanese soldiers and amounts of materiel in Soviet possession are as follows: 594,000–609,000 <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a>, 861–925 aircraft, 369–600 tanks, 2,576–3,704 guns and mortars, and 2,129–2,300 other vehicles<a href="#cite_note-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939-13">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Soviet sources give 4,841 tanks and 1,393 self-propelled guns as fit for service on 5 August 1945 in the Far East. These were a most varied fleet to be found anywhere, and included pre-war BT-5 fast tanks alongside IS-2 heavy tanks and Lend-Lease Sherman M4A2 tanks. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glantz-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz_1-26">aa</a> LTC David M. Glantz (February 1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/LP7_AugustStormTheSoviet1945StrategicOffensiveInManchuria.pdf">"August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria"</a>. Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Leavenworth" title="Fort Leavenworth">Fort Leavenworth</a> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Battlefield_Series-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Battlefield_Series_2-7">h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0001DI5IA">"Battlefield Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_(documentary_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battlefield (documentary series)">Battlefield</a>, 2001, 98 minutes. </li> <li id="cite_note-glantz378-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-glantz378_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-glantz378_3-1">b</a> Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0899-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0899-0">0-7006-0899-0</a>, p. 378 </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/530e35f7e2ae7707ca2571e3001a112d/e7daa03b9084ad56ca257209000a85f7?OpenDocument">AJRP: Dispositions and Deaths</a> Retrieved 5/3/2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> p. 230 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> I. B. Moschanskiy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1004952/11/ilya-moschanskiy-zapad-vostok.html">"West – East", Ch. 12, "Разгром Квантунской армии"</a>. Retrieved 5/3/2021. Japanese AFV losses in combat were relatively light. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4013coll8/id/349/rec/16">SCAP, "Final Report: Progress of Demobilization of the Japanese Armed Forces, 30 December 1946"</a> Part IV, inclosure no. 51. Retrieved 4/23/2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJowett53-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJowett53_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJowett">Jowett</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505031426/http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51">"Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century"</a>. И.И.Ивлев. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51">the original</a> on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+and+USSR+in+Wars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pub=%D0%98.%D0%98.%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soldat.ru%2Fdoc%2Fcasualties%2Fbook%2Fchapter5_10_1.html%235_10_51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988">. Total casualties of the three fronts, excluding the Pacific Fleet involved in the invasions of the Kuriles and South Sakhalin. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coox,_Alvin_D._1939_13-2">c</a> Coox, Alvin D. Nomonhan; Japan Against Russia, 1939. 1985; 2 volumes. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7">0-8047-1160-7</a>. p. 1176. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Glantz, David (2004). Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: 'August Storm'. Routledge. p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505031426/http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51">"Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century"</a>. И.И.Ивлев. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51">the original</a> on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+and+USSR+in+Wars+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pub=%D0%98.%D0%98.%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soldat.ru%2Fdoc%2Fcasualties%2Fbook%2Fchapter5_10_1.html%235_10_51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Australian War Memorial. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/530e35f7e2ae7707ca2571e3001a112d/e7daa03b9084ad56ca257209000a85f7?OpenDocument">"Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and deaths"</a>. Citing figures of the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, March 1964. Total dead in Manchuria are given as 45,900 for the IJA, but this includes the earlier <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a> (c. 10,000 deaths), soldiers killed by Chinese <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army</a> and Chinese <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_volunteer_armies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Japanese volunteer armies">Anti-Japanese volunteer armies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Manchukuo" title="Pacification of Manchukuo">Manchurian insurgency</a> (c. 15,000 deaths), and POW deaths after the war. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastupatelnaya Operatsiya) </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayashi-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hayashi_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayashi_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayashi_22-2">c</a> Hayashi, S. (1955). Vol. XIII – Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces. Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria. Tokyo, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army. </li> <li id="cite_note-Drea-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drea_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drea_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drea_23-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrea1984" class="citation journal cs1">Drea, E. J. (1984). "Missing Intentions: Japanese Intelligence and the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945". Military Affairs. 48 (2): 66–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1987650">10.2307/1987650</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1987650">1987650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Affairs&rft.atitle=Missing+Intentions%3A+Japanese+Intelligence+and+the+Soviet+Invasion+of+Manchuria%2C+1945&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=66-73&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1987650&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1987650%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Drea&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butow1954-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Butow1954_24-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Butow" title="Robert Butow">Robert Butow</a>, Japan's Decision to Surrender, Stanford University Press, 1954 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0460-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0460-1">978-0-8047-0460-1</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Frank2001-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Frank2001_25-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Frank" title="Richard B. Frank">Richard B. Frank</a>, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Penguin, 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100146-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100146-3">978-0-14-100146-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Maddox2007-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Maddox2007_26-0">^</a> Robert James Maddox, Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism, University of Missouri Press, 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1732-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1732-5">978-0-8262-1732-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hasegawa2006-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Hasegawa2006_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/hasegawa.htm">Tsuyoshi Hasegawa</a>, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan, Belknap Press, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01693-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01693-9">0-674-01693-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-declarationofwar-28"><a href="#cite_ref-declarationofwar_28-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/s4.asp">"Soviet Declaration of War on Japan"</a>, 8 August 1945. (<a href="/wiki/Avalon_Project" title="Avalon Project">Avalon Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Maurer-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Maurer_29-0">^</a> Maurer, Herrymon, Collision of East and West, Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1951, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/MR-Book-Reviews/September-2021/Book-Review-002/">"Stalin's War on Japan"</a>. www.armyupress.army.mil. Retrieved 2022-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.armyupress.army.mil&rft.atitle=Stalin%27s+War+on+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armyupress.army.mil%2FJournals%2FMilitary-Review%2FMR-Book-Reviews%2FSeptember-2021%2FBook-Review-002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pact-31"><a href="#cite_ref-pact_31-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/s1.asp">Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact</a>, April 13, 1941. (<a href="/wiki/Avalon_Project" title="Avalon Project">Avalon Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-mongoliadeclaration-32"><a href="#cite_ref-mongoliadeclaration_32-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/s2.asp">Declaration Regarding Mongolia</a>, April 13, 1941. (<a href="/wiki/Avalon_Project" title="Avalon Project">Avalon Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodbyIvanovShimotomai1995" class="citation book cs1">Goodby, James E; Ivanov, Vladimir I; Shimotomai, Nobuo (1995). "Northern Territories" and Beyond: Russian, Japanese, and American Perspectives. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/027595093X" title="Special:BookSources/027595093X"><bdi>027595093X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Northern+Territories%22+and+Beyond%3A+Russian%2C+Japanese%2C+and+American+Perspectives&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=027595093X&rft.aulast=Goodby&rft.aufirst=James+E&rft.au=Ivanov%2C+Vladimir+I&rft.au=Shimotomai%2C+Nobuo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-denunciation-34"><a href="#cite_ref-denunciation_34-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/s3.asp">Soviet Denunciation of the Pact with Japan</a>, April 5, 1945. (<a href="/wiki/Avalon_Project" title="Avalon Project">Avalon Project</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310233003/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775556,00.html">So sorry, Mr Sato</a>, April 1945, Time magazine. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foia.cia.gov/browse_docs.asp?doc_no=0000709436">Russia and Japan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110913041815/http://www.foia.cia.gov/browse_docs.asp?doc_no=0000709436">Archived</a> 2011-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, declassified CIA report from April 1945. </li> <li id="cite_note-Slavinsky-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Slavinsky_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slavinsky_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slavinsky_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Slavinsky_37-3">d</a> Boris Nikolaevich Slavinskiĭ, The Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact: A Diplomatic History 1941–1945, Translated by Geoffrey Jukes, 2004, Routledge. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rddhxSKGQ9oC&dq=soviet+neutrality+pact+1941+denounce&pg=PA150">Extracts on-line</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones1949-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones1949_38-0">^</a> Jones, F. C. "Manchuria since 1931", 1949, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London. p. 221 </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Glanz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Glanz (page does not exist)">Glantz, David M.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0/page/278">When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler</a>. 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Sep 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eyewitness+recollections%3A+The+Japanese+sent+kamikaze+to+the+frontline+%28%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%3A+%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%29&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2015%2F09%2F03%2Fkamikadze.html%3Fysclid%3Dlzlhitc5iy147945949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-as1-58"><a href="#cite_ref-as1_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100510154458/http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">"August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria. Leavenworth Papers №7. by LTC David. M. Glantz"</a>. Combat Studies Institute, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1983. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/resources/csi/glantz3/glantz3.asp">the original</a> on 2010-05-10. Retrieved 2010-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=August+Storm%3A+The+Soviet+1945+Strategic+Offensive+in+Manchuria.+Leavenworth+Papers+%E2%84%967.+by+LTC+David.+M.+Glantz&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute%2C+Fort+Leavenworth%2C+Kansas%2C+1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgsc.edu%2Fcarl%2Fresources%2Fcsi%2Fglantz3%2Fglantz3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Manchuria/Manchuria-since-c-1900">"Manchuria – Imperialism, Japanese Occupation, Cold War | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Manchuria+%E2%80%93+Imperialism%2C+Japanese+Occupation%2C+Cold+War+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FManchuria%2FManchuria-since-c-1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Zhang Shengfa, "Return of the Chinese Changchun Railway to China by the USSR." In Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China, 171–194 [171]. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japanfocus.org/-Rowena-Ward/2374/article.html">Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fDCsD-1zitUC&pg=PA59">Mackerras 2003</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Sheldon H. Harris, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–1945, and the American Cover-up (rev. ed.), Routledge, 2002, p. 318. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-til-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-til_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-til_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillman2022" class="citation book cs1">Tillman, Barrett (2022-04-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3xxgEAAAQBAJ&dq=Gegenmiao+massacre&pg=PA297">When the Shooting Stopped: August 1945</a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 101–02. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4897-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-4897-0"><bdi>978-1-4728-4897-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Shooting+Stopped%3A+August+1945&rft.pages=101-02&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-4897-0&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=Barrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3xxgEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DGegenmiao%2Bmassacre%26pg%3DPA297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ealey-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ealey_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ealey_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaley" class="citation web cs1">Ealey, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japanfocus.org/-mark-ealey/1988">"An August Storm: the Soviet-Japan Endgame in the Pacific War"</a>. 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Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. p. 121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Far+Eastern+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Truth+and+Lies+About+Japanese+Orphans&rft.issue=2%E2%80%936&rft.pages=121&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Zimonin&rft.aufirst=Vyacheslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCJones-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCJones_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCJones_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1949" class="citation book cs1">Jones, FC (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219040912/http://oudl.osmania.ac.in/bitstream/handle/OUDL/13712/216873_Manchuria_Since_1931.pdf?sequence=2">"XII. Events in Manchuria, 1945–47"</a> (PDF). Manchuria since 1931. 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Retrieved 17 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XII.+Events+in+Manchuria%2C+1945%E2%80%9347&rft.btitle=Manchuria+since+1931&rft.place=London%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pages=224-5+and+pp.227-9&rft.pub=Royal+Institute+of+International+Affairs&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=FC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foudl.osmania.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2FOUDL%2F13712%2F216873_Manchuria_Since_1931.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSM-68"><a href="#cite_ref-CSM_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Christian Science Monitor, 12 October 1945, <q>Japanese armies were guilty of appalling excesses, both in China and elsewhere, and had the Russians dealt harshly with only Japanese nationals in Manchuria this would have appeared as just retribution. But the indiscriminate looting and raping inflicted upon the unoffending Chinese by the Russians naturally aroused the keenest indignation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.date=1945-10-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPakula2009" class="citation book cs1">Pakula, Hannah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastempressmadam00paku_0">The last empress: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the birth of modern China</a>. 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Random House. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6732-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6732-6"><bdi>978-0-8129-6732-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2010-11-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Ruins+of+Empire%3A+The+Japanese+Surrender+and+the+Battle+for+Postwar+Asia&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-6732-6&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=Ronald+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9hE2xFxbca0C%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess" class="citation web cs1">Hess, Christian A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt2zb7n2x9/qt2zb7n2x9.pdf">"From Colonial Jewel to Socialist Metropolis: Dalian 1895–1955"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Colonial+Jewel+to+Socialist+Metropolis%3A+Dalian+1895%E2%80%931955&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Christian+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt2zb7n2x9%2Fqt2zb7n2x9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdele2015" class="citation cs2">Edele, Mark (2015), Maiolo, Joseph; Bosworth, Richard (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war/soviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949/348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291">"Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949"</a>, The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology, The Cambridge History of the Second World War, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 487–508, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03407-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03407-5"><bdi>978-1-107-03407-5</bdi></a>, retrieved 2021-05-09</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Second+World+War%3A+Volume+2%3A+Politics+and+Ideology&rft.atitle=Soviet+liberations+and+occupations%2C+1939%E2%80%931949&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=487-508&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03407-5&rft.aulast=Edele&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war%2Fsoviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949%2F348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> In Korea, Red Army men also ‘committed depredations against the Japanese and Koreans, including rape and looting, on what appears to have been a wide scale and which went quite beyond taking revenge against the enemy and its Korean allies’ </blockquote> </div> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumings" class="citation web cs1">Cumings, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.washington.edu/sangok/NorthKorea/Cumings,_Bruce_-_The_North_Wind.pdf">"The North Wind: The Origins of the Korean War"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+North+Wind%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Korean+War&rft.aulast=Cumings&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fsangok%2FNorthKorea%2FCumings%2C_Bruce_-_The_North_Wind.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdele2015" class="citation cs2">Edele, Mark (2015), Maiolo, Joseph; Bosworth, Richard (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war/soviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949/348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291">"Soviet liberations and occupations, 1939–1949"</a>, The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 2: Politics and Ideology, The Cambridge History of the Second World War, vol. 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 487–508, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03407-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03407-5"><bdi>978-1-107-03407-5</bdi></a>, retrieved 2021-05-09</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Second+World+War%3A+Volume+2%3A+Politics+and+Ideology&rft.atitle=Soviet+liberations+and+occupations%2C+1939%E2%80%931949&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=487-508&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03407-5&rft.aulast=Edele&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fcambridge-history-of-the-second-world-war%2Fsoviet-liberations-and-occupations-19391949%2F348C49251BFAB830DAC03CF957F37291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Even in North Korea, ‘Japanese enterprises of military and heavy industry’ were considered ‘trophies of the Red Army, since all these enterprises to one degree or another worked for the Japanese army’. These factories ‘must be transferred to the Soviet Union as partial payment of reparations’, as a December 1945 document put it. </blockquote> </div> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asmolov-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Asmolov_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsmolov2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Asmolov, Konstantin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904114137/http://militera.lib.ru/research/pyhalov_dukov/07.html">"Pobeda na Dal'nem Vostoke"</a> [Victory in the Far East]. In Dyukov, Aleksandr; Pyhalov, Igor (eds.). Velikaya obolgannaya voina [The Great Slandered War] (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Yauza. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/research/pyhalov_dukov/07.html">the original</a> on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2012-08-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pobeda+na+Dal%27nem+Vostoke&rft.btitle=Velikaya+obolgannaya+voina+%5BThe+Great+Slandered+War%5D&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Yauza&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Asmolov&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitera.lib.ru%2Fresearch%2Fpyhalov_dukov%2F07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanaka2019" class="citation book cs1">Tanaka, Yuki (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eWClDwAAQBAJ&dq=Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimize+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers&pg=PT99">Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes In World War Ii</a> (reprint ed.). Routledge. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429720895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429720895"><bdi>978-0429720895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Horrors%3A+Japanese+War+Crimes+In+World+War+Ii&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0429720895&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Yuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeWClDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DJapanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimize%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers%26pg%3DPT99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAskin1997" class="citation book cs1">Askin, Kelly Dawn (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ThfzGvSvQ2UC&dq=Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimize+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers&pg=PA64">War Crimes Against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals</a>. Vol. 1 (illustrated ed.). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9041104860" title="Special:BookSources/9041104860"><bdi>9041104860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Crimes+Against+Women%3A+Prosecution+in+International+War+Crimes+Tribunals&rft.pages=64&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9041104860&rft.aulast=Askin&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DThfzGvSvQ2UC%26dq%3DJapanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimize%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanaka1996" class="citation book cs1">Tanaka, Toshiyuki (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPNmAAAAMAAJ&q=">"Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimizee+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers" Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes In World War Ii</a>. Transitions: Asia and the Pacific (3, illustrated ed.). Avalon Publishing. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813327172" title="Special:BookSources/0813327172"><bdi>0813327172</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Horrors%3A+Japanese+War+Crimes+In+World+War+Ii&rft.series=Transitions%3A+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pages=102&rft.edition=3%2C+illustrated&rft.pub=Avalon+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0813327172&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Toshiyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbPNmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%22Japanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimizee%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanaka2017" class="citation book cs1">Tanaka, Yuki (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CCkzDwAAQBAJ&dq=asking+the+Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimize+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers&pg=PA114">Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II</a> (2, illustrated, reprint ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1538102701" title="Special:BookSources/978-1538102701"><bdi>978-1538102701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Horrors%3A+Japanese+War+Crimes+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=114&rft.edition=2%2C+illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1538102701&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Yuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCCkzDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dasking%2Bthe%2BJapanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimize%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanaka1998" class="citation book cs1">Tanaka, Yuki (1998). Sajor, Indai Lourdes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeuPAAAAMAAJ&q=75+asking+the+Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimize+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers">Common Grounds: Violence Against Women in War and Armed Conflict Situations</a>. Asian Center for Women's Human Rights. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9719199105" title="Special:BookSources/9719199105"><bdi>9719199105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Common+Grounds%3A+Violence+Against+Women+in+War+and+Armed+Conflict+Situations&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Asian+Center+for+Women%27s+Human+Rights&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9719199105&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Yuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeuPAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D75%2Basking%2Bthe%2BJapanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimize%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanakaTanaka1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Tanaka, Toshiyuki; Tanaka, Yukiko (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1zzAAAAMAAJ&q=asking+the+Japanese+officers+to+provide+a+number+of+nurses+as+prostitutes,+as+they+believed+this+would+minimize+the+number+of+rapes+by+Soviet+soldiers">Rape and War: The Japanese Experience</a>. Vol. 24 of Papers of the Japanese Studies Centre. Japanese Studies Centre. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0732606462" title="Special:BookSources/0732606462"><bdi>0732606462</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0725-0177">0725-0177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rape+and+War%3A+The+Japanese+Experience&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Japanese+Studies+Centre&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0725-0177&rft.isbn=0732606462&rft.aulast=Tanaka&rft.aufirst=Toshiyuki&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Yukiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1zzAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dasking%2Bthe%2BJapanese%2Bofficers%2Bto%2Bprovide%2Ba%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Bnurses%2Bas%2Bprostitutes%2C%2Bas%2Bthey%2Bbelieved%2Bthis%2Bwould%2Bminimize%2Bthe%2Bnumber%2Bof%2Brapes%2Bby%2BSoviet%2Bsoldiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ward, Rowena (1 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apjjf.org/-Rowena-Ward/2374/article.html">"Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo"</a>. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 5 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal%3A+Japan+Focus&rft.atitle=Left+Behind%3A+Japan%27s+Wartime+Defeat+and+the+Stranded+Women+of+Manchukuo&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F-Rowena-Ward%2F2374%2Farticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJowett" class="citation book cs1">Jowett, Phillip (2005). Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. Helion and Company Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874622-21-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-874622-21-3"><bdi>1-874622-21-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rays+of+the+Rising+Sun%3A+Japan%27s+Asian+Allies+1931%E2%80%9345+Volume+1%3A+China+and+Manchukuo&rft.pub=Helion+and+Company+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-874622-21-3&rft.aulast=Jowett&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoviet+invasion+of+Manchuria" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Soviet invasion of Manchuria</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libarchive.dartmouth.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/presstrans/id/10160/rec/17">Japanese in Manchuria and Korea following the war</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li> <li>Sexual violence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li>Vietnam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li>German prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li> <li>Soviet prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Empire_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Empire_of_Japan" title="Template:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Empire_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Empire_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Empire of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Empire_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Agriculture in the Empire of Japan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Censorship in the Empire of Japan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demography_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of the Empire of Japan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Economy of the Empire of Japan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan#Prewar_period" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Education in the Empire of Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics_in_Japan" title="Eugenics in Japan">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_commerce_and_shipping_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Foreign commerce and shipping of the Empire of Japan">Foreign commerce and shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_production_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Industrial production in Shōwa Japan">Industrial production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_essentialism" title="National essentialism">Essentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Empire_of_Japan_(1914%E2%80%931944)" title="Politics of the Empire of Japan (1914–1944)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/80px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/160px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emperors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji (Mutsuhito)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Taishō (Yoshihito)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa (Hirohito)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_Flag" title="Rising Sun Flag">Rising Sun Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_seals_of_Japan" title="National seals of Japan">National seals of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan">Imperial Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Japan" title="Government Seal of Japan">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Seal_of_Japan" title="State Seal of Japan">State Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Seal_of_Japan" title="Privy Seal of Japan">Privy Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Oath" title="Charter Oath">Charter Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Meiji Japan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rescript_on_Education" title="Imperial Rescript on Education">Imperial Rescript on Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokusatsu" title="Mokusatsu">Mokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Preservation_Law" title="Peace Preservation Law">Peace Preservation Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_of_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Political parties of the Empire of Japan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Judicature_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Judicature of Japan">Supreme Court of Judicature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokubetsu_K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D_Keisatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu">Tokkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonarigumi" title="Tonarigumi">Tonarigumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senbu" title="Senbu">Senbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Airways" title="Imperial Japanese Airways">Imperial Japanese Airways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_structure_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Government" title="Administrative structure of the Imperial Japanese Government">Administration (ministries)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Imperial_Household" title="Ministry of the Imperial Household">Imperial Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Ministry" title="Home Ministry">Home Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(pre-modern_Japan)" title="Ministry of War (pre-modern Japan)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Ministry" title="Army Ministry">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Navy_(Japan)" title="Ministry of the Navy (Japan)">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Treasury" title="Ministry of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Commerce" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce">Agriculture and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Japan)">Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Munitions_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Munitions (Japan)">Munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Colonial_Affairs_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Colonial Affairs (Japan)">Colonial Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Greater_East_Asia" title="Ministry of Greater East Asia">Greater East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Development_Board" title="East Asia Development Board">East Asia Development Board (Kōain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_structure_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Government" title="Administrative structure of the Imperial Japanese Government">Legislative and deliberative bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-kan" title="Daijō-kan">Daijō-kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Japan" title="Privy Council of Japan">Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozen_Kaigi" title="Gozen Kaigi">Gozen Kaigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet#History" title="National Diet">Imperial Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Peers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">Representatives</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Armed_Forces" title="Imperial Japanese Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_General_Headquarters" title="Imperial General Headquarters">Imperial General Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_General_Staff_Office" title="Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office">Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_General_Staff" title="Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff">Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rescript_to_Soldiers_and_Sailors" title="Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors">Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senjinkun_military_code" title="Senjinkun military code">Senjinkun military code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nuclear_weapons_program" title="Japanese nuclear weapons program">Nuclear weapons program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">Kamikaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council_(Japan)" title="Supreme War Council (Japan)">Supreme War Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conscription_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conscription in Japan (page does not exist)">Conscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_General_Staff_Office" title="Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Service">Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Railways_and_Shipping_Section" title="Imperial Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section">Railways and Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Japan)" title="Imperial Guard (Japan)">Imperial Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_holdout" title="Japanese holdout">Japanese holdout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Army_of_Japan" title="Taiwan Army of Japan">Taiwan Army of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Control Faction (Tōseiha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Kempeitai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_General_Staff" title="Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japanese Marines">Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokubetsu_Keisatsutai" title="Tokubetsu Keisatsutai">Tokkeitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Faction" title="Fleet Faction">Fleet Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Faction" title="Treaty Faction">Treaty Faction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipu_uprising" title="Beipu uprising">Beipu uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lords_Incident" title="Two Lords Incident">Two Lords Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo%E2%80%93Japanese_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo–Japanese Alliance">Anglo–Japanese Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Invasion of Taiwan (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Invasion of Taiwan (1895)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Entry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Siberian Intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Election_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="General Election Law">General Election Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria%E2%80%93Mongolia_problem" title="Manchuria–Mongolia problem">Manchuria–Mongolia problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Democracy" title="Taishō Democracy">Taishō Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Roman" title="Taishō Roman">Taishō Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapani_incident" title="Tapani incident">Tapani incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truku_War" title="Truku War">Truku War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Equality_Proposal" title="Racial Equality Proposal">Racial Equality Proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_financial_crisis" title="Shōwa financial crisis">Shōwa financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_incident" title="Jinan incident">Jinan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Naval_Treaty" title="London Naval Treaty">London Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musha_Incident" title="Musha Incident">Musha Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Manchukuo" title="Pacification of Manchukuo">Pacification of Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28_incident" title="January 28 incident">January 28 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherland_controversy" title="Motherland controversy">Motherland controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Rape of Nanking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact" title="Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact">Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirohito_surrender_broadcast" title="Hirohito surrender broadcast">Hirohito surrender broadcast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture" title="Karafuto Prefecture">Karafuto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Naichi">naichi</a> after 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Chōsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory" title="Kwantung Leased Territory">Kantō-shū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">Nan'yō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Puppet states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Second Philippine Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Empire of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_acquired_by_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan">Occupied territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="Japanese occupation of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yen_bloc" title="Yen bloc">Yen bloc</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonn%C5%8D_j%C5%8Di" title="Sonnō jōi">Sonnō jōi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukoku_ky%C5%8Dhei" title="Fukoku kyōhei">Fukoku kyōhei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_settlers_in_Manchuria" title="Japanese settlers in Manchuria">Japanese settlers in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese-run_internment_camps_during_World_War_II" title="List of Japanese-run internment camps during World War II">Internment camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Japanese_industrial_co-operation_before_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Japanese industrial co-operation before World War II">German pre–World War II industrial co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Modan" title="Shōwa Modan">Shōwa Modan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_thought_in_Imperial_Japan" title="Socialist thought in Imperial Japan">Socialist thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasukuni_Shrine" title="Yasukuni Shrine">Yasukuni Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Political dissidence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved 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