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class="relative z-10 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors text-default-500 group-data-[selected=true]:text-primary group-data-[selected=true]:font-bold" data-slot="tabContent">root</div></button><button data-slot="tab" tabindex="-1" data-collection="react-aria-:Rb5fnlqpjfb:" data-key="word-parts" id="react-aria-:Rb5fnlqpjfbH1:-tab-word-parts" aria-selected="false" role="tab" class="z-0 w-full py-1 flex group relative justify-center items-center cursor-pointer transition-opacity tap-highlight-transparent data-[disabled=true]:cursor-not-allowed data-[disabled=true]:opacity-30 data-[hover-unselected=true]:opacity-disabled outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 h-8 rounded-none text-xl px-2 text-davis-gray" type="button"><div class="relative z-10 whitespace-nowrap transition-colors text-default-500 group-data-[selected=true]:text-primary group-data-[selected=true]:font-bold" data-slot="tabContent">word parts</div></button></div></div><div class="absolute right-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-12 bg-gradient-to-l from-background to-transparent pointer-events-none"></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider -my-1" role="separator"/></div><div class="text-md font-sans text-battleship-gray px-2 my-4"><span>1,206 entries found.</span></div><div class="space-y-6"><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of O" class="w-full group" href="/word/O"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_2394" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">O</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>fifteenth letter of the alphabet, from a character that in Phoenician was called聽<i class="foreign notranslate">'ain</i> (literally "eye") and represented "a very peculiar and to us unpronounceable guttural" [Century Dictionary]. The Greeks also lacked the sound, so when they adopted the Phoenician letters they arbitrarily changed O's value to a vowel. (Thus there is no grounds for the belief that the form of the letter represents the shape of the mouth in pronouncing it.) The Greeks later added a special character for "long" O (<i class="foreign notranslate">omega</i>), and the original became "little o" (<i class="foreign notranslate">omicron</i>).</p> <p>In Middle English and later colloquial use, <i class="foreign notranslate">o</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">o'</i> can be an abbreviation of <i class="foreign notranslate">on</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">of</i>, and is still literary in some words (<i class="foreign notranslate">o'clock</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">Jack-o'-lantern, tam-o'-shanter, cat-o'-nine-tails, will-o'-the-wisp</i>, etc.).</p> <p><i class="foreign notranslate">O'</i> the common prefix in Irish surnames is from Irish <i class="foreign notranslate">贸, ua</i> (Old Irish <i class="foreign notranslate">au, ui</i>) "descendant."聽</p> <p>The "connective" <i class="foreign notranslate">-o-</i> is the usual connecting vowel in compounds taken or formed from Greek, where it often is the vowel in the stem. "[I]t is affixed, not only to terms of Greek origin, but also to those derived from Latin (Latin compounds of which would have been formed with the L. connecting or reduced thematic vowel, <i class="foreign notranslate">-i</i>), especially when compounds are wanted with a sense that Latin composition, even if possible, would not warrant, but which would be authorized by the principles of Greek composition." [OED]</p> <p>As "zero" in Arabic numerals it is attested from c. 1600, from the similarity of shape. Similarly the <i class="foreign notranslate">O</i> blood type (1926) was originally "zero," denoting the absence of A and B agglutinogens.</p> <p>As a gauge of track in model railroads, by 1905. For <i class="foreign notranslate">o</i> as an interjection of fear, surprise, joy, etc., see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of oh " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/oh">oh</a>. For use as a colloquial or slang suffix, see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -o " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/-o">-o</a>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of O" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/O"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of -o" class="w-full group" href="/word/-o"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_56370" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">-o</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>colloquial or slang suffix, attested by 1880s in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of bucko " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/bucko">bucko</a>, later (mostly 1910s and 20s) also in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of wino " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/wino">wino</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of ammo " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/ammo">ammo</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of combo " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/combo">combo</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of cheapo " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/cheapo">cheapo</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of kiddo " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/kiddo">kiddo</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of neato " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/neato">neato</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of boffo " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/boffo">boffo</a>, the names of the Marx Brothers, commercial products (<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of Sterno " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/Sterno">Sterno</a>, <i class="foreign notranslate">Wham-O</i>), etc. OED (1989) reports it "widespread in English-speaking countries but nowhere more so than in Australia."</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of -o" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/-o"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of OED" class="w-full group" href="/word/OED"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_31181" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">OED</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>initialism (acronym) of <i class="foreign notranslate">Oxford English Dictionary</i>, attested from 1898, according to the "Oxford English Dictionary."</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of OED" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/OED"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oaf" class="w-full group" href="/word/oaf"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_2396" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oaf</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>1620s, <i class="foreign notranslate">auf</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">oph</i> (modern form from 1630s; <i class="foreign notranslate">oafish</i> is from 1610s), "a changeling; a foolish or otherwise defective child left by the fairies in place of another carried off," from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian <i class="foreign notranslate">alfr</i> "silly person," in Old Norse "elf" (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of elf " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/elf">elf</a>). Hence, "a misbegotten, deformed idiot, a simpleton" (17c.). Until recently, some dictionaries still gave the plural as <i class="foreign notranslate">oaves</i>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oaf" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oaf"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oafish" class="w-full group" href="/word/oafish"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_45600" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oafish</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(adj.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"like an oaf, stupid, dull," 1610s, from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of oaf " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/oaf">oaf</a> + <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -ish " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/-ish">-ish</a>. Related: <i class="foreign notranslate">Oafishly</i>; <i class="foreign notranslate">oafishness</i>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oafish" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oafish"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oak" class="w-full group" href="/word/oak"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_2397" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oak</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"tree or shrub of the genus <i class="foreign notranslate">Quercus</i>," Middle English <i class="foreign notranslate">oke</i>, from Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">ac</i> "oak tree" and in part from cognate Old Norse <i class="foreign notranslate">eik</i>, both from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*aiks</i> (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian <i class="foreign notranslate">ek</i>, Middle Dutch <i class="foreign notranslate">eike</i>, Dutch <i class="foreign notranslate">eik</i>, Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">eih</i>, German <i class="foreign notranslate">Eiche</i>, Swedish <i class="foreign notranslate">ek</i>, Danish <i class="foreign notranslate">eg</i>), a word of uncertain origin with no certain cognates outside Germanic.</p> <p>The usual Indo-European base for "oak" (<i class="foreign notranslate">*deru-</i>) has become Modern English <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tree " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tree#etymonline_v_16929">tree</a> (n.). In Greek and Celtic, meanwhile, words for "oak" are from the Indo-European root for "tree." All this probably reflects the importance of the oak, the monarch of the forest, to ancient Indo-Europeans. Likewise, as there were no oaks in Iceland, the Old Norse word <i class="foreign notranslate">eik</i> came to be used by the viking settlers there for "tree" in general.</p> <p>In English the word is used in Biblical translations to render Hebrew <i class="foreign notranslate">elah</i> (probably usually "terebinth tree") and four other words. The form in Middle English was very uncertain (<i class="foreign notranslate">oc, oek, hokke, ake, eoke, aike, hock</i>, etc.). <i class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Oak-gall</strong></i> "excrescence produced by an oak tree in reaction to insects," used in making ink, is by 1712.</p> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> 聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽Jove's own tree, </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> That holds the woods in awful sovereignty, </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"></blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> Requires a depth of lodging in the ground ; </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> High as his topmost boughs to heaven ascend, </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> So low his roots to hell's dominion tend. </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"> [Dryden, translating Virgil] </blockquote> <blockquote class="not-italic !my-0 text-battleship-gray"></blockquote></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oak" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oak"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oaken" class="w-full group" href="/word/oaken"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_45599" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oaken</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(adj.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"made of, or consisting of, the wood of the oak," late 14c. (12c. in surnames and place-names), <i class="foreign notranslate">oken</i>, from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of oak " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/oak">oak</a> + <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of -en " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/-en#etymonline_v_32446">-en</a> (2). Similar formation in Old Frisian <i class="foreign notranslate">eken</i>, Dutch <i class="foreign notranslate">eiken</i>, Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">eichen</i>, German <i class="foreign notranslate">eichen</i>, Old Norse <i class="foreign notranslate">eikinn</i>.</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oaken" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oaken"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oakum" class="w-full group" href="/word/oakum"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_2398" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oakum</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"coarse, loose fiber obtained from taking apart old hemp ropes," used for caulking the seams of wooden ships, etc., early 15c., <i class="foreign notranslate">okam, okum</i>, from Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">acumba</i> "tow, oakum, flax fibers separated by combing," literally "what is combed out," from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*us-kambon</i> (source of Old High German <i class="foreign notranslate">achambi</i>). The first element is cognate with Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">a-</i> "away, out, off;" the second element is from stem of <i class="foreign notranslate">cemban</i> "to comb," from <i class="foreign notranslate">camb</i> "a comb;" from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *gembh- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*gembh-">*gembh-</a> "tooth, nail."</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oakum" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oakum"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oar" class="w-full group" href="/word/oar"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_2399" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oar</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"long wooden lever for propelling a boat," Middle English <i class="foreign notranslate">or</i>, from Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">ar</i>, from Proto-Germanic <i class="foreign notranslate">*airo</i> (source also of Old Norse <i class="foreign notranslate">ar</i>, Danish <i class="foreign notranslate">aare</i>, Swedish <i class="foreign notranslate">氓ra</i>), a word of unknown origin. Apparently unrelated to the IE root that is the source of Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">remus</i> "oar," Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">eret膿s</i> "rower," <i class="foreign notranslate">eretmos</i> "oar," English <i class="foreign notranslate">row</i> (v.) and <i class="foreign notranslate">rudder</i>. As "oar-like appendage of an animal," 1580s.</p> <blockquote> A long oar, used occasionally to assist a vessel in a calm, is a <i class="foreign notranslate">sweep</i>, and is operated by two or more men. Small oars are <i class="foreign notranslate">sculls</i>; one rower wielding a pair, sitting midlength of the thwart. ["Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary," 1884] </blockquote></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oar" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oar"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="space-y-10"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of oarlock" class="w-full group" href="/word/oarlock"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_45739" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">oarlock</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"hole or indentation in the gunwale of a boat where an oar rests," mid-14c., <i class="foreign notranslate">or-lok</i>, from <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of oar " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/oar">oar</a> + <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of lock " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/lock#etymonline_v_12371">lock</a> (n.1).</p></section><div class="mt-4 w-full"><div class="inline-block group"><a title="Origin and meaning of oarlock" class="link text-primary font-sans inline-flex items-center gap-1 hover:text-primary no-underline" href="/word/oarlock"><span>Related entries & more</span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 text-spanish-gray flex-shrink-0 self-center text-2xl transition-colors group-hover:text-primary hover:text-primary" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></a><div class="border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-primary"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><nav role="navigation" aria-label="pagination navigation" data-slot="base" data-controls="true" 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text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray">English (English)<svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-xl text-sans text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" tabindex="-1" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 12-4-4h8l-4 4z"></path></svg></button></div><div class=" text-sm font-sans"><a title="Douglas Harper" rel="nofollow" class="text-battleship-gray dark:text-davis-gray hover:underline" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b4d1c0cdd9dbdad8dddad1f4c4c6dbc0dbdad9d5ddd89ad7dbd9">漏 2001 - 2025 Douglas Harper</a></div></div></div><div class=""></div></div></div></footer></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-68d07495bc728f23.js" 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches W枚rterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. 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letter of the alphabet, from a character that in Phoenician was called\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e'ain\u003c/span\u003e (literally \"eye\") and represented \"a very peculiar and to us unpronounceable guttural\" [Century Dictionary]. The Greeks also lacked the sound, so when they adopted the Phoenician letters they arbitrarily changed O's value to a vowel. (Thus there is no grounds for the belief that the form of the letter represents the shape of the mouth in pronouncing it.) The Greeks later added a special character for \"long\" O (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eomega\u003c/span\u003e), and the original became \"little o\" (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eomicron\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eIn Middle English and later colloquial use, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eo'\u003c/span\u003e can be an abbreviation of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eon\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eof\u003c/span\u003e, and is still literary in some words (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eo'clock\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eJack-o'-lantern, tam-o'-shanter, cat-o'-nine-tails, will-o'-the-wisp\u003c/span\u003e, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eO'\u003c/span\u003e the common prefix in Irish surnames is from Irish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e贸, ua\u003c/span\u003e (Old Irish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eau, ui\u003c/span\u003e) \"descendant.\"\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eThe \"connective\" \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-o-\u003c/span\u003e is the usual connecting vowel in compounds taken or formed from Greek, where it often is the vowel in the stem. \"[I]t is affixed, not only to terms of Greek origin, but also to those derived from Latin (Latin compounds of which would have been formed with the L. connecting or reduced thematic vowel, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-i\u003c/span\u003e), especially when compounds are wanted with a sense that Latin composition, even if possible, would not warrant, but which would be authorized by the principles of Greek composition.\" [OED]\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eAs \"zero\" in Arabic numerals it is attested from c. 1600, from the similarity of shape. Similarly the \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eO\u003c/span\u003e blood type (1926) was originally \"zero,\" denoting the absence of A and B agglutinogens.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eAs a gauge of track in model railroads, by 1905. For \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eo\u003c/span\u003e as an interjection of fear, surprise, joy, etc., see \u003ca href=\"/word/oh\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of oh \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eoh\u003c/a\u003e. For use as a colloquial or slang suffix, see \u003ca href=\"/word/-o\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of -o \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e-o\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T568,\u003cp\u003ecolloquial or slang suffix, attested by 1880s in \u003ca href=\"/word/bucko\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of bucko \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ebucko\u003c/a\u003e, later (mostly 1910s and 20s) also in \u003ca href=\"/word/wino\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of wino \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ewino\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/ammo\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of ammo \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eammo\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/combo\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of combo \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ecombo\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/cheapo\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of cheapo \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003echeapo\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/kiddo\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of kiddo \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ekiddo\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/neato\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of neato \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eneato\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/boffo\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of boffo \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eboffo\u003c/a\u003e, the names of the Marx Brothers, commercial products (\u003ca href=\"/word/Sterno\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of Sterno \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eSterno\u003c/a\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eWham-O\u003c/span\u003e), etc. OED (1989) reports it \"widespread in English-speaking countries but nowhere more so than in Australia.\"\u003c/p\u003e2e:Ta93,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003e\"tree or shrub of the genus \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eQuercus\u003c/span\u003e,\" Middle English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eoke\u003c/span\u003e, from Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eac\u003c/span\u003e \"oak tree\" and in part from cognate Old Norse \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeik\u003c/span\u003e, both from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*aiks\u003c/span\u003e (source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eek\u003c/span\u003e, Middle Dutch \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeike\u003c/span\u003e, Dutch \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeik\u003c/span\u003e, Old High German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeih\u003c/span\u003e, German \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eEiche\u003c/span\u003e, Swedish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eek\u003c/span\u003e, Danish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeg\u003c/span\u003e), a word of uncertain origin with no certain cognates outside Germanic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe usual Indo-European base for \"oak\" (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*deru-\u003c/span\u003e) has become Modern English \u003ca href=\"/word/tree#etymonline_v_16929\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tree \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etree\u003c/a\u003e (n.). In Greek and Celtic, meanwhile, words for \"oak\" are from the Indo-European root for \"tree.\" All this probably reflects the importance of the oak, the monarch of the forest, to ancient Indo-Europeans. Likewise, as there were no oaks in Iceland, the Old Norse word \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeik\u003c/span\u003e came to be used by the viking settlers there for \"tree\" in general.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn English the word is used in Biblical translations to render Hebrew \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eelah\u003c/span\u003e (probably usually \"terebinth tree\") and four other words. The form in Middle English was very uncertain (\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eoc, oek, hokke, ake, eoke, aike, hock\u003c/span\u003e, etc.). \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOak-gall\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \"excrescence produced by an oak tree in reaction to insects,\" used in making ink, is by 1712.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jove's own tree,\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n That holds the woods in awful sovereignty,\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n Requires a depth of lodging in the ground ;\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n High as his topmost boughs to heaven ascend,\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n So low his roots to hell's dominion tend.\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\n [Dryden, translating Virgil]\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e \n\u003cblockquote class=\"poetry\"\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:T4aa,\u003cp\u003e\"long wooden lever for propelling a boat,\" Middle English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eor\u003c/span\u003e, from Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ear\u003c/span\u003e, from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e*airo\u003c/span\u003e (source also of Old Norse \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ear\u003c/span\u003e, Danish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eaare\u003c/span\u003e, Swedish \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e氓ra\u003c/span\u003e), a word of unknown origin. Apparently unrelated to the IE root that is the source of Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eremus\u003c/span\u003e \"oar,\" Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeret膿s\u003c/span\u003e \"rower,\" \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eeretmos\u003c/span\u003e \"oar,\" English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e (v.) and \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erudder\u003c/span\u003e. As \"oar-like appendage of an animal,\" 1580s.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n A long oar, used occasionally to assist a vessel in a calm, is a \n \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003esweep\u003c/span\u003e, and is operated by two or more men. Small oars are \n \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003esculls\u003c/span\u003e; one rower wielding a pair, sitting midlength of the thwart. [\"Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary,\" 1884]\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:[[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] space-y-4\",\"children\":[false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{}],[\"$\",\"$21\",null,{\"fallback\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":\"loading\"}],\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"text-md font-sans text-battleship-gray px-2 my-4\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"1,206 entries found.\"}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-6\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",\"2394\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_2394\",\"domain_id\":\"2394\",\"word\":\"O\",\"canonical_word\":\"O\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"$2c\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"56370\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_56370\",\"domain_id\":\"56370\",\"word\":\"-o\",\"canonical_word\":\"-o\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"$2d\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"31181\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_31181\",\"domain_id\":\"31181\",\"word\":\"OED\",\"canonical_word\":\"OED\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003einitialism (acronym) of \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eOxford English Dictionary\u003c/span\u003e, attested from 1898, according to the \\\"Oxford English Dictionary.\\\"\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"2396\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_2396\",\"domain_id\":\"2396\",\"word\":\"oaf\",\"canonical_word\":\"oaf\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e1620s, \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eauf\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eoph\u003c/span\u003e (modern form from 1630s; \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eoafish\u003c/span\u003e is from 1610s), \\\"a changeling; a foolish or otherwise defective child left by the fairies in place of another carried off,\\\" from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ealfr\u003c/span\u003e \\\"silly person,\\\" in Old Norse \\\"elf\\\" (see \u003ca href=\\\"/word/elf\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of elf \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eelf\u003c/a\u003e). Hence, \\\"a misbegotten, deformed idiot, a simpleton\\\" (17c.). Until recently, some dictionaries still gave the plural as \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eoaves\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"45600\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_45600\",\"domain_id\":\"45600\",\"word\":\"oafish\",\"canonical_word\":\"oafish\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(adj.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"like an oaf, stupid, dull,\\\" 1610s, from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/oaf\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of oaf \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eoaf\u003c/a\u003e + \u003ca href=\\\"/word/-ish\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of -ish \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003e-ish\u003c/a\u003e. Related: \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eOafishly\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eoafishness\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"2397\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_2397\",\"domain_id\":\"2397\",\"word\":\"oak\",\"canonical_word\":\"oak\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"45599\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_45599\",\"domain_id\":\"45599\",\"word\":\"oaken\",\"canonical_word\":\"oaken\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(adj.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"made of, or consisting of, the wood of the oak,\\\" late 14c. (12c. in surnames and place-names), \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eoken\u003c/span\u003e, from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/oak\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of oak \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eoak\u003c/a\u003e + \u003ca href=\\\"/word/-en#etymonline_v_32446\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of -en \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003e-en\u003c/a\u003e (2). Similar formation in Old Frisian \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eeken\u003c/span\u003e, Dutch \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eeiken\u003c/span\u003e, Old High German \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eeichen\u003c/span\u003e, German \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eeichen\u003c/span\u003e, Old Norse \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eeikinn\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"2398\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_2398\",\"domain_id\":\"2398\",\"word\":\"oakum\",\"canonical_word\":\"oakum\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"coarse, loose fiber obtained from taking apart old hemp ropes,\\\" used for caulking the seams of wooden ships, etc., early 15c., \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eokam, okum\u003c/span\u003e, from Old English \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eacumba\u003c/span\u003e \\\"tow, oakum, flax fibers separated by combing,\\\" literally \\\"what is combed out,\\\" from Proto-Germanic \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003e*us-kambon\u003c/span\u003e (source of Old High German \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eachambi\u003c/span\u003e). The first element is cognate with Old English \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ea-\u003c/span\u003e \\\"away, out, off;\\\" the second element is from stem of \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ecemban\u003c/span\u003e \\\"to comb,\\\" from \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003ecamb\u003c/span\u003e \\\"a comb;\\\" from PIE root \u003ca href=\\\"/word/*gembh-\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *gembh- \\\"rel=\\\"nofollow\\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003e*gembh-\u003c/a\u003e \\\"tooth, nail.\\\"\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"2399\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_2399\",\"domain_id\":\"2399\",\"word\":\"oar\",\"canonical_word\":\"oar\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"$2f\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",\"45739\",{\"className\":\"space-y-10\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"word\":{\"id\":\"etymonline_v_45739\",\"domain_id\":\"45739\",\"word\":\"oarlock\",\"canonical_word\":\"oarlock\",\"type\":0,\"property\":\"(n.)\",\"etymology\":\"\u003cp\u003e\\\"hole or indentation in the gunwale of a boat where an oar rests,\\\" mid-14c., \u003cspan class=\\\"foreign notranslate\\\"\u003eor-lok\u003c/span\u003e, from \u003ca href=\\\"/word/oar\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of oar \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003eoar\u003c/a\u003e + \u003ca href=\\\"/word/lock#etymonline_v_12371\\\" title=\\\"Etymology, meaning and definition of lock \\\" class=\\\"crossreference notranslate\\\"\u003elock\u003c/a\u003e (n.1).\u003c/p\u003e\",\"thumbnail\":false,\"support_lang\":[],\"down_weight\":false},\"showProperty\":true,\"showTailing\":true,\"showTranslate\":true,\"withPrefix\":false}],false,false]}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"$L30\",null,{\"last\":false,\"size\":10,\"total_elements\":1206,\"elements\":10,\"page\":1,\"total_pages\":121,\"first\":true}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"space-y-8 w-full lg:w-[300px]\",\"children\":[false,[\"$\",\"$L26\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-secondary/20 shadow-none border border-secondary/30 rounded-md min-w-[300px] w-full\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L27\",null,{\"className\":\"font-medium font-sans text-davis-gray items-start justify-start hyphens-auto\",\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"children\":\"Trending\"}]}],[\"$\",\"hr\",null,{\"ref\":\"$undefined\",\"className\":\"shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider\",\"role\":\"separator\",\"data-orientation\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"$L28\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L29\",null,{\"source\":\"etymonline_web_word-detail\",\"classNames\":{\"base\":\"list-none\"},\"wordPrefix\":\"\"}]}]]}]]}]]}],false,false]\n"])</script></body></html>