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class="mw-page-title-main">Depression (geology)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressie_(geografie)" title="Depressie (geografie) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Depressie (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%B6_(%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="منخفض (جيولوجيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منخفض (جيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressiya_(co%C4%9Frafiya)" title="Depressiya (coğrafiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Depressiya (coğrafiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Депресия (география) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Депресия (география)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_(geologia)" title="Depressió (geologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Depressió (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(geologi)" title="Depression (geologi) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Depression (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(Geologie)" title="Depression (Geologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Depression (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5gu" title="Nõgu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nõgu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresi%C3%B3n_(geograf%C3%ADa)" title="Depresión (geografía) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Depresión (geografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakonune" title="Sakonune – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sakonune" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="فرورفتگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرورفتگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9pression_(g%C3%A9ographie)" title="Dépression (géographie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dépression (géographie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresi%C3%B3n_(xeolox%C3%ADa)" title="Depresión (xeoloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Depresión (xeoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A8%EB%AA%B0_(%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99)" title="함몰 (지질학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="함몰 (지질학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolo%C5%A1ka_depresija" title="Geološka depresija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geološka depresija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekungan" title="Cekungan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cekungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressione_(geografia)" title="Depressione (geografia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Depressione (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%A2_(%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="שקע (גאולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שקע (גאולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Депрессия (география) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Депрессия (география)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresija_(geologija)" title="Depresija (geologija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Depresija (geologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C7%8Eni" title="Sǎni – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sǎni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deboka" title="Deboka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Deboka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressie_(geografie)" title="Depressie (geografie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Depressie (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84)" title="Ага (рельеф) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ага (рельеф)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresjon_(geologi)" title="Depresjon (geologi) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Depresjon (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senking" title="Senking – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Senking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresja_(geografia)" title="Depresja (geografia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Depresja (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depress%C3%A3o_(geografia)" title="Depressão (geografia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Depressão (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresiune" title="Depresiune – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Depresiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Депрессия (геология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Депрессия (геология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresija_(geologija)" title="Depresija (geologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Depresija (geologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Депресија (геологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Депресија (геологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolo%C5%A1ka_depresija" title="Geološka depresija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geološka depresija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(geologi)" title="Depression (geologi) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Depression (geologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depresyon_(jeoloji)" title="Depresyon (jeoloji) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Depresyon (jeoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Депресія (геологія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Депресія (геологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81)" title="طاس (جغرافیہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طاس (جغرافیہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%A5t_l%C3%BAn" title="Sụt lún – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sụt lún" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%AA%E5%9C%B0" title="窪地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="窪地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legok" title="Legok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Legok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg/220px-Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg/330px-Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg/440px-Aepyceros_melampus_petersi_female_8014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Watering_hole" title="Watering hole">watering hole</a> is a natural depression where water collects and animals come to drink.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg/220px-%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg/330px-%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg/440px-%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3878" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a> closed depression with permanent lake <a href="/wiki/Stymfalia" title="Stymfalia">Stymfalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. Seasonal abundant precipitation drained by 3 <a href="/wiki/Ponor" title="Ponor">sinkholes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>, a <b>depression</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landform</a> sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Depressions form by various mechanisms. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(geology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">Erosion</a>-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(geomorphology)" title="Blowout (geomorphology)">Blowout</a>: a depression created by <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">wind erosion</a> typically in either a partially vegetated <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">sand dune</a> ecosystem or dry soils (such as a post-glacial <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a> environment).<sup id="cite_ref-GTb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial valley">Glacial valley</a>: a depression carved by <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="River valley">River valley</a>: a depression carved by <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> erosion by a river.</li> <li>Area of <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a> caused by the collapse of an underlying structure, such as <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkholes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> terrain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sink (geography)">Sink</a>: an endorheic depression generally containing a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/persistent" class="extiw" title="wikt:persistent">persistent</a> or intermittent (seasonal) <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lake</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">salt flat</a> (playa) or <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">dry lake</a>, or an <a href="/wiki/Ephemeral_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral lake">ephemeral lake</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhole" title="Panhole">Panhole</a>: a shallow depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping, cohesive rock.<sup id="cite_ref-TwidaleOthers2018a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TwidaleOthers2018a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Collapse-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a>: a depression formed as a result of the collapse of rocks lying above a hollow. This is common in karst regions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettle (geology)">Kettle</a>: a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by melting glacial remnants in <a href="/wiki/Terminal_moraine" title="Terminal moraine">terminal moraines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GTk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermokarst" title="Thermokarst">Thermokarst hollow</a>: caused by volume loss of the ground as the result of <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> thawing.</li></ul> <p>Impact-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Impact crater</a>: a depression created by an impact, such as a <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorite</a> crater.</li></ul> <p>Sedimentary-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basin</a>: in <a href="/wiki/Sedimentology" title="Sedimentology">sedimentology</a>, an area thickly filled with <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a><sup id="cite_ref-GTb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the weight of the sediment further depresses the floor of the basin.</li></ul> <p>Structural or tectonic-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_basin" title="Structural basin">Structural basin</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Syncline" title="Syncline">syncline</a>-like depression; a region of tectonic downwarping as a result of <a href="/wiki/Isostasy" title="Isostasy">isostasy</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Trough" title="Hawaiian Trough">Hawaiian Trough</a> is an example) or subduction (such as the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Central_Valley" title="Chilean Central Valley">Chilean Central Valley</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">rift valley</a>: fallen and typically linear depressions or basins created by <a href="/wiki/Rifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifting">rifting</a> in a region under tensional <a href="/wiki/Tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic">tectonic</a> forces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull-apart_basin" title="Pull-apart basin">Pull-apart basin</a> caused by offset in a <a href="/wiki/Strike_slip_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike slip fault">strike-slip</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transform_fault" title="Transform fault">transform fault</a> (example: the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a> area).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a>: a deep linear depression on the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are caused by <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> (when one tectonic plate is pushed underneath another) of <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> beneath either the oceanic crust or <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crust</a>.</li> <li>A basin formed by an <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheet</a>: an area depressed by the weight of the ice sheet resulting in <a href="/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound" title="Post-glacial rebound">post-glacial rebound</a> after the ice melts (the area adjacent to the ice sheet may be pulled down to create a peripheral depression.)<sup id="cite_ref-MSUperipheraldepression_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSUperipheraldepression-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Volcanism-related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> depression resulting from collapse following a <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">volcanic eruption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GTc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GTc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_crater" title="Pit crater">Pit crater</a>: a volcanic depression smaller than a caldera formed by a sinking, or caving in, of the ground surface lying over a void.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maar" title="Maar">Maar</a>: a depression resulting from <a href="/wiki/Phreatomagmatic_eruption" title="Phreatomagmatic eruption">phreatomagmatic eruption</a> or <a href="/wiki/Diatreme" title="Diatreme">diatreme</a> explosion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_depressions">List of depressions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(geology)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of depressions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral%E2%80%93Caspian_Depression" title="Aral–Caspian Depression">Aral–Caspian Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetic_Depression" title="Baetic Depression">Baetic Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Depression" title="Bodélé Depression">Bodélé Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Depression" title="Caspian Depression">Caspian Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danakil_Depression" title="Danakil Depression">Danakil Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eider-Treene_Depression" title="Eider-Treene Depression">Eider-Treene Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Depression" title="Georgia Depression">Georgia Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giurgeu-Bra%C8%99ov_Depression" title="Giurgeu-Brașov Depression">Giurgeu-Brașov Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzareh_Depression" title="Godzareh Depression">Godzareh Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huancabamba_Depression" title="Huancabamba Depression">Huancabamba Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Depression" title="Kara Depression">Kara Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashor_Depression" title="Karashor Depression">Karashor Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuma%E2%80%93Manych_Depression" title="Kuma–Manych Depression">Kuma–Manych Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuznetsk_Depression" title="Kuznetsk Depression">Kuznetsk Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Depression" title="Mari Depression">Mari Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourdi_Depression" title="Mourdi Depression">Mourdi Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qattara_Depression" title="Qattara Depression">Qattara Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_Depression" title="Regen Depression">Regen Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronda_Depression" title="Ronda Depression">Ronda Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_Depression" title="Táchira Depression">Táchira Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunkin_Depression" title="Tunkin Depression">Tunkin Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Depression" title="Turan Depression">Turan Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan_Depression" title="Turpan Depression">Turpan Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_Depression" title="Tuva Depression">Tuva Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upemba_Depression" title="Upemba Depression">Upemba Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weser_Depression" title="Weser Depression">Weser Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittlich_Depression" title="Wittlich Depression">Wittlich Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCmme_Depression" title="Wümme Depression">Wümme Depression</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(geology)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptodepression" title="Cryptodepression">Cryptodepression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_on_land_with_elevations_below_sea_level" title="List of places on land with elevations below sea level">List of places on land with elevations below sea level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponor" title="Ponor">Ponor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(geology)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GTb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GTb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GTb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotech.org/dictionary-of-geological-terms.html#sectB">"Dictionary of Geologic Terms – B"</a>. US Geochemical<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Geologic+Terms+%E2%80%93+B&rft.pub=US+Geochemical&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geotech.org%2Fdictionary-of-geological-terms.html%23sectB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADepression+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TwidaleOthers2018a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TwidaleOthers2018a_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Twidale, C.R., and Bourne, J.A., 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/geomorphologie/11880">Rock basins (gnammas) revisited.</a> <i>Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement,</i> Vol. 24, No. 2. January 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fgeomorphologie.11880">10.4000/geomorphologie.11880</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GTk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GTk_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotech.org/dictionary-of-geological-terms.html#sectK">"Dictionary of Geologic Terms – K"</a>. US Geochemical<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Geologic+Terms+%E2%80%93+K&rft.pub=US+Geochemical&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geotech.org%2Fdictionary-of-geological-terms.html%23sectK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADepression+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSUperipheraldepression-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSUperipheraldepression_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060829001754/http://gemini.oscs.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/glossary.htm#peripheral">"Glossary of Important Terms in Glacial Geology – Peripheral Depression"</a>. Montana State University. 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gemini.oscs.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/glossary.htm#peripheral">the original</a> on 2006-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Important+Terms+in+Glacial+Geology+%E2%80%93+Peripheral+Depression&rft.pub=Montana+State+University&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgemini.oscs.montana.edu%2F~geol445%2Fhyperglac%2Fglossary.htm%23peripheral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADepression+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span> Cites American Geological Institute's Glossary of Geology (3rd edition, revised in 1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GTc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GTc_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotech.org/dictionary-of-geological-terms.html#sectC">"Dictionary of Geologic Terms – C"</a>. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Template:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Template talk:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earth%27s_landforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earth's landforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_landforms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_landforms" title="Glossary of landforms">List of landforms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountainous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butte" title="Butte">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(landform)" title="Flat (landform)">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">Mountain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableland" title="Tableland">Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental plain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Ice sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fluvial_sediment_processes" title="Fluvial sediment processes">Fluvial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">Alluvial fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff" title="Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">Floodplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_island" title="Lake island">island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">mouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glacial_landform" title="Glacial landform">Glacial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%AAte" title="Arête">Arête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque" title="Cirque">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esker" title="Esker">Esker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Ice field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_valley" title="Tunnel valley">Tunnel valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_geography" title="Coastal geography">Oceanic and<br /> coastal landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">Cape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">Mid-ocean ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_trench" title="Oceanic trench">Oceanic trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamount" title="Seamount">Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volcanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">Caldera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">Geyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyot" title="Guyot">Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_dome" title="Lava dome">Lava dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">Lava field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_volcano" title="Submarine volcano">Submarine volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">Volcanic crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">Volcanic dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">Volcanic island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plateau" title="Volcanic plateau">Volcanic plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_plug" title="Volcanic plug">Volcanic plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_rock" title="Wall rock">Wall rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">Aeolian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">Dry lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhill" title="Sandhill">Sandhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artificial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_island" title="Artificial island">Artificial island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_reef" title="Artificial reef">Artificial reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geographical_feature" title="Geographical feature">Geographical feature</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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