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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Revenue uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonyms_and_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonyms_and_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Synonyms and variants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonyms_and_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Influence </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Influence subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Communities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutes_and_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutes_and_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Institutes and organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutes_and_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_of_Georgists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_of_Georgists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Lists of Georgists </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lists_of_Georgists-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Lists of Georgists subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Lists_of_Georgists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Economists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heads_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heads_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Heads of government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heads_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_political_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_political_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Other political figures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_political_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Activists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Authors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Journalists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Artists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Philosophers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Georgism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" > 39 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="جورجية (اقتصاد) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورجية (اقتصاد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcizm" title="Corcizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Corcizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Джорджизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джорджизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismus" title="Georgismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Georgismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="جورجية (إيديولوجيا) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جورجية (إيديولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismus" title="Georgismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georgismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Georgism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Γεωργισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωργισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="جورجیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جورجیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="지공주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지공주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgizam" title="Georgizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Georgizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ג'ורג'יזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג'יזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEord%C5%BEisms" title="Džordžisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džordžisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoizmus" title="Geoizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geoizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo%C3%AFsme" title="Geoïsme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geoïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="ジョージ主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisme" title="Georgisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georgisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgizm" title="Georgizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Georgizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismo" title="Georgismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Georgismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Georgism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Джорджизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джорджизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georgism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgizmus" title="Georgizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Georgizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgizem" title="Georgizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Georgizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgismi" title="Georgismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georgism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgizm" title="Georgizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Georgizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Джорджизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джорджизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="乔治主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乔治主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Georgism%22">"Georgism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Georgism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Georgism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Georgism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Georgism%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Georgism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (February 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_(Georgist_campaign_button).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg/250px-FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg/375px-FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg/500px-FREE_TRADE_FREE_LAND_FREE_MEN_%28Georgist_campaign_button%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Georgist campaign button from the 1890s in which the cat on the badge refers to a slogan "Do you see the cat?" to draw analogy to the land question<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg/220px-Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg/330px-Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg/440px-Newcomer_Koreisha_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shoshinsha_mark" title="Shoshinsha mark">Shoshinsha mark</a> emoji used by Georgists online due to its resemblance to a yellow and green shield.<a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-2">[2]</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_systems" title="Category:Economic systems">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic systems</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Major types</div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">By ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associative_economics" title="Associative economics">Associative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomercantilism" title="Neomercantilism">Neomercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Feminist</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green</a></li> <li>Religious <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_finance" title="Christian finance">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_economics" title="Sabbath economics">Sabbath economics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(movement)" title="Mutualism (movement)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributist</a></li> <li>Traditionalist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">By coordination</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Closed (autarky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_economy" title="Digital economy">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_economy" title="Dual economy">Dual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal sector">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_economy" title="Natural economy">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_economy" title="Open economy">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">Planned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_economy" title="Robinson Crusoe economy">Robinson Crusoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_economy" title="Subsistence economy">Subsistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_archipelago" title="Vertical archipelago">Vertical archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">Virtual</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">By regional model</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>Asian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model_of_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian model of capitalism">East Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Consensus" title="Beijing Consensus">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Singapore" title="Economy of Singapore">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_model" title="Kerala model">Keralan</a></li></ul></li> <li>European <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_model" title="Anglo-Saxon model">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_model" title="German model">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder_model" title="Polder model">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Rhenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Latin America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Sectors</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_sector" title="Voluntary sector">Voluntary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Property types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Transition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_farming" title="Collective farming">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatization" title="Corporatization">Corporatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demutualization" title="Demutualization">Demutualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financialization" title="Financialization">Financialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketization" title="Marketization">Marketization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalization" title="Municipalization">Municipalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutualization">Mutualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialization (economics)">Socialization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialization_(Marxism)" title="Socialization (Marxism)">Marxist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Coordination</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">Market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_market" title="Open market">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">In kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indicative_planning" title="Indicative planning">Indicative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balancing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_system" title="Price system">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-managed economy">Self-managed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer-to-peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Other types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_economics" title="Expeditionary economics">Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_economy" title="Information economy">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_economy" title="Palace economy">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutonomy" title="Plutonomy">Plutonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-industrial_economy" title="Post-industrial economy">Post-industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-scarcity economy">Post-scarcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource-based_economy" title="Resource-based economy">Resource-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_economy" title="Token economy">Token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_economy" title="Traditional economy">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">World</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economic_systems_sidebar" title="Template:Economic systems sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economic_systems_sidebar" title="Template talk:Economic systems sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economic_systems_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economic systems sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Georgism, also called in modern times Geoism,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and known historically as the single tax movement, is an <a href="/wiki/Economic_ideology" title="Economic ideology">economic ideology</a> holding that people should own the value that they produce themselves, while the <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a>—including from all <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a>, and urban locations—should belong equally to all members of society.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heavey-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Developed from the writings of American economist and social reformer <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, the Georgist paradigm seeks solutions to social and ecological problems, based on principles of land rights and public finance that attempt to integrate <a href="/wiki/Economic_efficiency" title="Economic efficiency">economic efficiency</a> with <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Georgism is concerned with the distribution of economic rent caused by land ownership, <a href="/wiki/Natural_monopolies" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural monopolies">natural monopolies</a>, pollution rights, and control of the commons, including <a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a> of ownership for natural resources and other contrived <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(legal_ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (legal ethics)">privileges</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a>). Any natural resource that is inherently limited in <a href="/wiki/Supply_(economics)" title="Supply (economics)">supply</a> can generate economic rent, but the classical and most significant example of <a href="/wiki/Land_monopoly" class="mw-redirect" title="Land monopoly">land monopoly</a> involves the extraction of common <a href="/wiki/Ground_rent" title="Ground rent">ground rent</a> from valuable urban locations. Georgists argue that taxing economic rent is <a href="/wiki/Economic_efficiency" title="Economic efficiency">efficient</a>, fair, and <a href="/wiki/Equity_(economics)" title="Equity (economics)">equitable</a>. The main Georgist policy recommendation is a tax assessed on land value, arguing that revenues from a <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">land value tax</a> (LVT) can be used to reduce or eliminate existing taxes (such as on <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">trade</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">purchases</a>) that are unfair and inefficient. Some Georgists also advocate for the return of surplus public revenue to the people by means of a <a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">basic income</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_dividend" title="Citizen's dividend">citizen's dividend</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> popularized the concept of gaining public revenues mainly from land and natural resource privileges with his first book, <a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a> (1879). The philosophical basis of Georgism draws on thinkers such as <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Economists from <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> have observed that a public levy on land value does not cause <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_loss" title="Deadweight loss">economic inefficiency</a>, unlike other taxes.<a href="#cite_note-Adam_Smith-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-TidemanEngland1994-14">[14]</a> A land value tax also has <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive tax</a> effects.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-ntanet.org-16">[16]</a> Advocates of land value taxes argue that they reduce <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>, increase economic efficiency, remove incentives to under-utilize urban land, and reduce <a href="/wiki/Property_speculation" class="mw-redirect" title="Property speculation">property speculation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McCluskey_and_Franzsen-17">[17]</a> Georgist ideas were popular and influential during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Political parties, institutions, and communities were founded on Georgist principles during that time. Early devotees of George's economic philosophy were often termed Single Taxers for their political goal of raising public revenue mainly or only from a land-value tax, although Georgists endorsed multiple forms of rent capture (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">seigniorage</a>) as legitimate.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The term Georgism was invented later, and some prefer the term geoism as more generic.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Casal_2011_307–327-21">[21]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_tenets">Main tenets</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Main tenets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land value tax</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg/260px-Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg/390px-Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg/520px-Perfectly_inelastic_supply.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply and demand</a> diagram showing the effects of land-value taxation in which <a href="/wiki/Tax_incidence" title="Tax incidence">burden</a> of the tax is entirely on the landowner when the tax is implemented. The rental price of land does not change and there is no <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_loss" title="Deadweight loss">deadweight loss</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> is best known for popularizing the argument that government should be funded by a <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">tax on land rent</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Payroll_tax" title="Payroll tax">taxes on labor</a>. George believed that although <a href="/wiki/Scientific_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific experiment">scientific experiments</a> could not be performed in political economy, theories could be tested by comparing different societies with different conditions and by <a href="/wiki/Thought_experiments" class="mw-redirect" title="Thought experiments">thought experiments</a> about the effects of various factors.<a href="#cite_note-henrygeorge.org-22">[22]</a> Applying this method, he concluded that many of the problems that beset society, such as poverty, inequality, and economic booms and busts, could be attributed to the private ownership of the necessary resource: land rent. In his most celebrated book, <a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a>, George argues that the appropriation of land rent for private use contributes to persistent poverty in spite of technological progress, and causes economies to exhibit a tendency toward boom-and-bust cycles. According to George, people justly own what they create, but natural opportunities and <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a> belong equally to all.<a href="#cite_note-Heavey-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The tax upon land values is, therefore, the most just and equal of all taxes. It falls only upon those who receive from society a peculiar and valuable benefit, and upon them in proportion to the benefit they receive. It is the taking by the community, for the use of the community, of that value which is the creation of the community. It is the application of the common property to common uses. When all rent is taken by taxation for the needs of the community, then will the equality ordained by Nature be attained. No citizen will have an advantage over any other citizen save as is given by his industry, skill, and intelligence; and each will obtain what he fairly earns. Then, but not till then, will labor get its full reward, and capital its natural return.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Henry George, Progress and Poverty, Book VIII, Chapter 3</cite></div></blockquote> George believed there was an important distinction between common and collective property.<a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-23">[23]</a> Although equal rights to land might be achieved by nationalizing land and then leasing it to private users, George preferred taxing <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">unimproved land value</a> and leaving the control of land mostly in private hands. George's reasoning for leaving land in private control and slowly shifting to land value tax was that it would not penalize existing owners who had improved land and would also be less disruptive and controversial in a country where land titles have already been granted. Georgists have observed that privately created wealth is socialized via the tax system (e.g., through <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>), while socially created wealth in land values are privatized in the price of land titles and bank mortgages. The opposite would be the case if land rents replaced taxes on labor as the main source of <a href="/wiki/Public_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Public revenue">public revenue</a>; socially created wealth would become available for use by the community, while the fruits of labor would remain private.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> According to Georgists, a land value tax can be considered a user fee instead of a tax, since it is related to the market value of socially created locational advantage, the privilege to exclude others from locations. Assets consisting of commodified privilege can be considered as wealth since they have exchange value, similar to <a href="/wiki/Taxicabs_of_New_York_City#1930s_–_Medallion_system_introduced" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicabs of New York City">taxi medallions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] A land value tax, charging fees for exclusive use of land, as a means of raising public revenue is also a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">progressive tax</a> tending to reduce <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>,<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-ntanet.org-16">[16]</a> since it applies entirely to ownership of valuable land, which is correlated with income,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and there is generally no means by which landlords can shift the <a href="/wiki/Tax_burden" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax burden">tax burden</a> onto tenants or laborers. Landlords are unable to pass the tax on to tenants because the <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply and demand</a> of rented land is unchanged. Because the supply of land is perfectly <a href="/wiki/Inelastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Inelastic">inelastic</a>, land rents depend on what tenants are prepared to pay, rather than on the expenses of landlords, and so the tax cannot be passed on to tenants.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_properties">Economic properties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic properties">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Optimal_tax" title="Optimal tax">Optimal tax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tax_incidence" title="Tax incidence">Tax incidence</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Economics" title="Category:Economics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/120px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/180px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg/240px-Supply-demand-equilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="217" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_economics" title="Outline of economics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_economics_articles" title="Index of economics articles">Index</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Branches and <a href="/wiki/JEL_classification_codes" title="JEL classification codes">classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applied_economics" title="Applied economics">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterodox_economics" title="Heterodox economics">Heterodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_economics" title="International economics">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">Micro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_economics" title="Mainstream economics">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_economics" title="Mathematical economics">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_methodology" title="Economic methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEL_classification_codes" title="JEL classification codes">JEL classification codes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td 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title="Economic geography">Geographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happiness_economics" title="Happiness economics">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_economics" title="Health economics">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_economics" title="Humanistic economics">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_organization" title="Industrial organization">Industrial organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_economics" title="Information economics">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_economy" title="Knowledge economy">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_economics" title="Managerial economics">Managerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_economics" title="Monetary economics">Monetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" title="Natural resource economics">Natural resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_economics" title="Organizational economics">Organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_participation" title="Economics of participation">Participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_economics" title="Personnel economics">Personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Social_choice_theory" title="Social choice theory">Social choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_economics" title="Regional economics">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socioeconomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomics">Socio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_sociology" title="Economic sociology">Sociological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_economy" title="Solidarity economy">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_statistics" title="Economic statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_economics" title="Urban economics">Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)">Notable <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Mandeville" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard de Mandeville">de Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Th%C3%BCnen" title="Johann Heinrich von Thünen">von Thünen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_List" title="Friedrich List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Augustin_Cournot" title="Antoine Augustin Cournot">Cournot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Heinrich_Gossen" title="Hermann Heinrich Gossen">Gossen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_Jevons" title="William Stanley Jevons">Jevons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">von Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wieser" title="Friedrich von Wieser">von Wieser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Fisher" title="Irving Fisher">Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cecil_Pigou" title="Arthur Cecil Pigou">Pigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Heckscher" title="Eli Heckscher">Heckscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knight" title="Frank Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piero_Sraffa" title="Piero Sraffa">Sraffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Kalecki" title="Michał Kalecki">Kalecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Kuznets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen" title="Jan Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_R._Lange" title="Oskar R. Lange">Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Leontief" title="Wassily Leontief">Leontief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Koopmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Samuelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">Baumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Solow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Greenspan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lucas_Jr." title="Robert Lucas Jr.">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Stiglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Thaler" title="Richard Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Piketty" title="Thomas Piketty">Piketty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economists" title="Category:Economists">more</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economics_lists" title="Category:Economics lists">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_economics" title="Glossary of economics">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economists" title="List of economists">Economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_economics" title="List of important publications in economics">Publications</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_economics_journals" title="List of economics journals">journals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Schools of economic thought">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business portal</a></li> <li><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/16px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/24px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economics_sidebar" title="Template:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economics_sidebar" title="Template talk:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economics_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economics sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Standard <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economic</a> theory suggests that a land value tax would be extremely efficient—unlike other taxes, it does not reduce economic productivity.<a href="#cite_note-McCluskey_and_Franzsen-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> described Henry George's tax on unimproved value of land as the "least bad tax", since unlike other taxes, it would not impose an excess burden on economic activity (leading to zero or even negative "<a href="/wiki/Deadweight_loss" title="Deadweight loss">deadweight loss</a>"); hence, a replacement of other more "distortionary" taxes with a land value tax would improve economic welfare.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> As land value tax can improve the use of land and redirect investment toward productive, non-<a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a> activities, it could even have a negative dead-weight loss that boosts productivity.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Because land value tax would apply to foreign land speculators, the Australian Treasury estimated that land value tax was unique in having a negative marginal excess burden, meaning that it would increase long-run living standards.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It was <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> who first noted the efficiency and distributional properties of a land value tax in his book <a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Adam_Smith-13">[13]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Ground-rents are a still more proper subject of taxation than the rent of houses. A tax upon ground-rents would not raise the rents of houses. It would fall altogether upon the owner of the ground-rent, who acts always as a monopolist, and exacts the greatest rent which can be got for the use of his ground. More or less can be got for it according as the competitors happen to be richer or poorer, or can afford to gratify their fancy for a particular spot of ground at a greater or smaller expense. In every country the greatest number of rich competitors is in the capital, and it is there accordingly that the highest ground-rents are always to be found. As the wealth of those competitors would in no respect be increased by a tax upon ground-rents, they would not probably be disposed to pay more for the use of the ground. Whether the tax was to be advanced by the inhabitant, or by the owner of the ground, would be of little importance. The more the inhabitant was obliged to pay for the tax, the less he would incline to pay for the ground; so that the final payment of the tax would fall altogether upon the owner of the ground-rent. Both ground-rents and the ordinary rent of land are a species of revenue which the owner, in many cases, enjoys without any care or attention of his own. Though a part of this revenue should be taken from him in order to defray the expenses of the state, no discouragement will thereby be given to any sort of industry. The annual produce of the land and labour of the society, the real wealth and revenue of the great body of the people, might be the same after such a tax as before. Ground-rents and the ordinary rent of land are, therefore, perhaps, the species of revenue which can best bear to have a peculiar tax imposed upon them. ... Nothing can be more reasonable than that a fund which owes its existence to the good government of the state should be taxed peculiarly, or should contribute something more than the greater part of other funds, towards the support of that government.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book V, Chapter 2</cite></div></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> made similar distributional and efficiency arguments for taxing land rents. They noted that the costs of taxes and the benefits of public spending always eventually apply to and enrich the owners of land. Therefore, they believed it would be best to defray public costs and recapture value of public spending by applying public charges directly to owners of land titles, rather than harming public welfare with taxes assessed against beneficial activities such as trade and labor.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Henry George wrote that his plan for a high land value tax would cause people "to contribute to the public, not in proportion to what they produce ... but in proportion to the value of natural [common] opportunities that they hold [monopolize]". He went on to explain that "by taking for public use that value which attaches to land by reason of the growth and improvement of the community", it would, "make the holding of land unprofitable to the mere owner, and profitable only to the user". A high land value tax would discourage speculators from holding valuable natural opportunities (like urban real estate) unused or only partially used. Henry George claimed this would have many benefits, including the reduction or elimination of tax burdens from poorer neighborhoods and agricultural districts; the elimination of a multiplicity of taxes and expensive obsolete government institutions; the elimination of corruption, fraud, and evasion with respect to the collection of taxes; the enablement of true free trade; the destruction of monopolies; the elevation of wages to the full value of labor; the transformation of labor-saving inventions into blessings for all; and the equitable distribution of comfort, leisure, and other advantages that are made possible by an advancing civilization.<a href="#cite_note-George_1997-33">[33]</a> In this way, the vulnerability that market economies have to <a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">credit bubbles</a> and property manias would be reduced.<a href="#cite_note-McCluskey_and_Franzsen-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_economic_rent_and_related_policy_interventions">Sources of economic rent and related policy interventions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources of economic rent and related policy interventions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pigovian_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigovian tax">Pigovian tax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Severance_tax" title="Severance tax">Severance tax</a></div> Income flow resulting from payments for restricted access to natural opportunities or for contrived privileges over geographic regions is termed <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a>. Georgists argue that economic rent of land, legal <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(legal_ethics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (legal ethics)">privileges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_monopolies" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural monopolies">natural monopolies</a> should accrue to the community, rather than private owners. In economics, "<a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a>" is everything that exists in nature independent of human activity. George explicitly included climate, soil, waterways, mineral deposits, laws/forces of nature, public ways, forests, oceans, air, and solar energy in the category of land.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Progress_and_Poverty-35">[35]</a> While the philosophy of Georgism does not say anything definitive about specific policy interventions needed to address problems posed by various sources of economic rent, the common goal among modern Georgists is to capture and share (or reduce) rent from all sources of natural monopoly and legal privilege.<a href="#cite_note-politicaleconomy.org-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-wealthandwant.com-37">[37]</a> Henry George shared the goal of modern Georgists to socialize or dismantle rent from all forms of land monopoly and legal privilege. However, George emphasized mainly his preferred policy known as <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">land value tax</a>, which targeted a particular form of <a href="/wiki/Unearned_income" title="Unearned income">unearned income</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Ground_rent" title="Ground rent">ground rent</a>. George emphasized ground-rent because basic locations were more valuable than other monopolies and everybody needed locations to survive, which he contrasted with the less significant streetcar and telegraph monopolies, which George also criticized. George likened the problem to a laborer traveling home who is waylaid by a series of highway robbers along the way, each who demand a small portion of the traveler's wages, and finally at the very end of the road waits a robber who demands all that the traveler has left. George reasoned that it made little difference to challenge the series of small robbers when the final robber remained to demand all that the common laborer had left.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> George predicted that over time technological advancements would increase the frequency and importance of lesser monopolies, yet he expected that ground rent would remain dominant.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> George even predicted that ground-rents would rise faster than wages and income to capital, a prediction that modern analysis has shown to be plausible, since the supply of land is fixed.<a href="#cite_note-econstor.eu-40">[40]</a> Spatial rent is still the primary emphasis of Georgists because of its large value and the known dis-economies of misused land. However, there are other sources of rent that are theoretically analogous to ground-rent and are debated topics of Georgists. The following are some sources of economic rent.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-economics.ucr.edu-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Total_Resource_Rents_of_Australia-43">[43]</a> <ul><li>Extractable resources (minerals and hydrocarbons)<a href="#cite_note-Harriss,_C._Lowell_2006-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Severables (forests and stocks of fish)<a href="#cite_note-wealthandwant.com-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>Extraterrestrial domains (geosynchronous orbits and airway corridor use)<a href="#cite_note-economics.ucr.edu-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Total_Resource_Rents_of_Australia-43">[43]</a></li> <li>Legal privileges that apply to specific location (taxi medallions, billboard and development permits, or the monopoly of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">electromagnetic frequencies</a>)<a href="#cite_note-economics.ucr.edu-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Total_Resource_Rents_of_Australia-43">[43]</a></li> <li>Restrictions/taxes of pollution or <a href="/wiki/Severance_tax" title="Severance tax">severance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tradable_emission_permits" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradable emission permits">tradable emission permits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Individual_Transferable_Quota" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual Transferable Quota">fishing quotas</a>)<a href="#cite_note-politicaleconomy.org-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-economics.ucr.edu-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Total_Resource_Rents_of_Australia-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (transportation)">Right-of-way (transportation)</a> used by railroads, utilities, and internet service providers<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Issuance of <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">seigniorage</a>)<a href="#cite_note-politicaleconomy.org-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li>Privileges that are less location dependent but that still exclude others from natural opportunities (<a href="/wiki/Patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Patents">patents</a>)<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul> Where free competition is impossible, such as telegraphs, water, gas, and transportation, George wrote, "[S]uch business becomes a proper social function, which should be controlled and managed by and for the whole people concerned." Georgists were divided by this question of <a href="/wiki/Natural_monopolies" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural monopolies">natural monopolies</a> and often favored public ownership only of the rents from common <a href="/wiki/Rights-of-way" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights-of-way">rights-of-way</a>, rather than public ownership of utility companies themselves.<a href="#cite_note-George_1997-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgism_and_environmental_economics">Georgism and environmental economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Georgism and environmental economics">edit</a>]</div> The early conservationism of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> was inspired partly by <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, and his influence extended for decades afterward.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Some ecological economists still support the Georgist policy of <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">land value tax</a> as a means of freeing or <a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(conservation_biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (conservation biology)">rewilding</a> unused land and conserving nature by reducing <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Daly,_Herman_E._2004-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Pollution degrades the value of what Georgists consider to be <a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">commons</a>. Because pollution is a negative contribution, a taking from the commons or a cost imposed on others, its value is <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a>, even when the polluter is not receiving an explicit income. Therefore, to the extent that society determines pollution to be harmful, most Georgists propose to limit pollution with taxation or quotas that capture the resulting rents for public use, restoration, or a citizen's dividend.<a href="#cite_note-politicaleconomy.org-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Georgism is related to the school of <a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">ecological economics</a>, since both propose market-based restrictions for pollution.<a href="#cite_note-Daly,_Herman_E._2004-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The schools are compatible in that they advocate using similar tools as part of a conservation strategy, but they emphasize different aspects. <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation</a> is the central issue of ecology, whereas <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a> is the central issue of geoism. Ecological economists might price pollution fines more <a href="/wiki/Conservation_(ethic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation (ethic)">conservatively</a> to prevent inherently unquantifiable damage to the environment, whereas Georgists might emphasize mediation between conflicting interests and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wealthandwant.com-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a>, a market-oriented branch of Geoism, tends to take a direct stance against what it perceives as burdensome regulation and would like to see auctioned pollution quotas or taxes replace most <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control_regulation" title="Command and control regulation">command and control regulation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecologists</a> are primarily concerned with conservation, they tend to emphasize less the issue of equitably distributing <a href="/wiki/Economic_rents" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic rents">scarcity/pollution rents</a>, whereas Georgists insist that unearned income not accrue to those who hold title to natural assets and pollution privilege. To the extent that geoists recognize the effect of <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> or share <a href="/wiki/Conservationist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservationist movement">conservationist</a> values, they will agree with ecological economists about the need to limit pollution, but geoists will also insist that <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">pollution rents</a> generated from those conservation efforts do not accrue to polluters and are instead used for public purposes or to compensate those who suffer the negative effects of pollution. Ecological economists advocate similar pollution restrictions but, emphasizing conservation first, might be willing to grant private polluters the privilege to capture pollution rents. To the extent that ecological economists share the geoist view of social justice, they would advocate auctioning pollution quotas instead of giving them away for free.<a href="#cite_note-Daly,_Herman_E._2004-55">[55]</a> This distinction can be seen in the difference between basic <a href="/wiki/Cap_and_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap and trade">cap and trade</a> and the geoist variation, <a href="/wiki/Cap_and_share" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap and share">cap and share</a>, a proposal to auction temporary pollution permits, with rents going to the public, instead of giving pollution privilege away for free to existing polluters or selling perpetual permits.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenue_uses">Revenue uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Revenue uses">edit</a>]</div> The revenue can allow the reduction or elimination of taxes, greater public investment/spending, or the direct distribution of funds to citizens as a pension or <a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">basic income</a>/<a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_dividend" title="Citizen's dividend">citizen's dividend</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wealthandwant.com-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In practice, the elimination of all other taxes implies a high land value tax, greater than any currently existing land tax. Introducing or increasing a land value tax would cause the purchase price of land to decrease. George did not believe landowners should be compensated and described the issue as being analogous to compensation for former slave owners. Other geoists disagree on the question of compensation; some advocate complete compensation while others endorse only enough compensation required to achieve Georgist reforms. Some geoists advocate compensation only for a net loss due to a shift of taxation to land value; most taxpayers would gain from the replacement of other taxes with a tax on land value. Historically, those who advocated for taxes on rent tax only great enough to replace other taxes were known as endorsers of single tax limited. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonyms_and_variants">Synonyms and variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Synonyms and variants">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgist_Single_Tax_Poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Georgist_Single_Tax_Poster.jpg/220px-Georgist_Single_Tax_Poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Georgist_Single_Tax_Poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Georgist single tax poster published in The Public, a Chicago newspaper (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1910–1914)</figcaption></figure> Most early advocacy groups described themselves as single taxers and George reluctantly accepted the single tax as an accurate name for his main political goal—the repeal of all unjust or inefficient taxes, to be replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">land value tax</a> (LVT). Some modern proponents are dissatisfied with the name Georgist. While Henry George was well known throughout his life, he has been largely forgotten by the public and the idea of a single tax of land predates him. Some now prefer the term geoism,<a href="#cite_note-Casal_2011_307–327-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> with geo (from Greek γῆ gē "earth, land") being the first compound of the name George < (Gr.) Geōrgios < geōrgos "farmer" or geōrgia "agriculture, farming" < gē + ergon "work"<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> deliberately ambiguous. The terms Earth Sharing,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> geonomics<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">geolibertarianism</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> are also used by some Georgists. These terms represent a difference of emphasis and sometimes real differences about how land rent should be spent (<a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_dividend" title="Citizen's dividend">citizen's dividend</a> or just replacing other taxes), but they all agree that land rent should be recovered from its private recipients. Compulsory fines and fees related to land rents are the most common Georgist policies, but some geoists prefer voluntary <a href="/wiki/Value_capture" title="Value capture">value capture</a> systems that rely on methods such as non-compulsory or self-assessed location value fees, <a href="/wiki/Community_land_trust" title="Community land trust">community land trusts</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and purchasing <a href="/wiki/Covenant_(law)" title="Covenant (law)">land value covenants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Some geoists believe that partially compensating landowners is a politically expedient compromise necessary for achieving reform.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> For similar reasons, others propose capturing only future land value increases, instead of all land rent.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Libertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarians">libertarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="Minarchists">minarchists</a> take the position that limited social spending should be financed using Georgist concepts of rent <a href="/wiki/Value_capture" title="Value capture">value capture</a>, but that not all land rent should be captured. Today, this relatively conservative adaptation is usually considered incompatible with true <a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">geolibertarianism</a>, which requires that excess rents be gathered and then distributed back to residents. During Henry George's time, this restrained Georgist philosophy was known as "single tax limited", as opposed to "single tax unlimited." George disagreed with the limited interpretation, but he accepted its adherents (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Shearman_%26_Sterling" title="Shearman & Sterling">Thomas Shearman</a>) as legitimate "single-taxers."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_George.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_George.png/170px-Henry_George.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_George.png/255px-Henry_George.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_George.png/340px-Henry_George.png 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>, whose writings and advocacy form the basis for Georgism</figcaption></figure> Georgist ideas heavily influenced the politics of the early 20th century. Political parties that were formed based on Georgist ideas include the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Land_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Land Party (United States)">Commonwealth Land Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Justice_Party" title="Henry George Justice Party">Henry George Justice Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Single_Tax_League" title="Single Tax League">Single Tax League</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_of_Denmark" title="Justice Party of Denmark">Justice Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, George's writings were praised by emerging socialist groups in 1890s such as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a>, which would each go on to help form the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> government included a land tax as part of several taxes in the 1909 <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Budget" title="People's Budget">People's Budget</a> intended to redistribute wealth (including a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_income_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive income tax">progressively graded income tax</a> and an increase of <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom">inheritance tax</a>). This caused a political crisis that resulted indirectly in reform of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. The budget was passed eventually—but without the land tax. In 1931, the minority <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> government passed a land value tax as part III of the 1931 Finance act. However, this was repealed in 1934 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a> before it could be implemented. In Denmark, the Georgist <a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_of_Denmark" title="Justice Party of Denmark">Justice Party</a> has previously been represented in <a href="/wiki/Folketinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Folketinget">Folketinget</a>. It formed part of a centre-left government 1957–60 and was also represented in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> 1978–1979. The influence of Henry George has waned over time, but Georgist ideas still occasionally emerge in politics. For the <a href="/wiki/United_States_2004_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="United States 2004 presidential election">United States 2004 presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third-party</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> mentioned George in his policy statements.<a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-84">[84]</a> Economists still generally favor a land value tax.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monetarist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetarist">Monetarist</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> publicly endorsed the Georgist land value tax as the "least bad tax".<a href="#cite_note-TidemanEngland1994-14">[14]</a> Economist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> stated that: "Not only was Henry George correct that a tax on land is non-distortionary, but in an equilibrium society … tax on land raises just enough revenue to finance the (optimally chosen) level of government expenditure."<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> He dubbed this proposition the <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_theorem" title="Henry George theorem">Henry George theorem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communities">Communities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Communities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Everybody_works_but_the_vacant_lot_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>1914 billboard citing Henry George in <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford, Illinois</a></figcaption></figure> Several communities were initiated with Georgist principles during the height of the philosophy's popularity. Two such communities that still exist are <a href="/wiki/Arden,_Delaware" title="Arden, Delaware">Arden, Delaware</a>, which was founded in 1900 by <a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Stephens" class="mw-redirect" title="George Francis Stephens">Frank Stephens</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Lightfoot_Price" title="William Lightfoot Price">William Lightfoot Price</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fairhope,_Alabama" title="Fairhope, Alabama">Fairhope, Alabama</a>, which was founded in 1894 under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Fairhope_Single_Tax_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairhope Single Tax Corporation">Fairhope Single Tax Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Some established communities in the United States also adopted Georgist tax policies. A Georgist in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jay_Pastoriza" title="Joseph Jay Pastoriza">Joseph Jay "J.J." Pastoriza</a>, promoted a Georgist club in that city established in 1890. Years later, in his capacity as a city alderman, he was selected to serve as Houston Tax Commissioner, and promulgated a "Houston Plan of Taxation" in 1912. Improvements to land and merchants' inventories were taxed at 25 percent of the appraised value, unimproved land was taxed at 70 percent of appraisal, and personal property was exempt. This was calculated using the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somers_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somers System (page does not exist)">Somers System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> This Georgist tax continued until 1915, when two courts struck it down as violating the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Constitution">Texas Constitution</a> in 1915.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> This quashed efforts in several other Texas cities towards implementing the Houston Plan: <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas" title="Beaumont, Texas">Beaumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galveston" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston">Galveston</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waco" class="mw-redirect" title="Waco">Waco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-davis-91">[91]</a> The German protectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou Bay concession</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, fully implemented Georgist policy. Its sole source of <a href="/wiki/Government_revenue" title="Government revenue">government revenue</a> was the land value tax of six percent which it levied in its territory. The <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German colonial empire</a> had previously had economic problems with its African colonies caused by <a href="/wiki/Land_speculation" class="mw-redirect" title="Land speculation">land speculation</a>. One of the main reasons for using the land value tax in Jiaozhou Bay was to eliminate such speculation, which the policy achieved.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The colony existed as a German protectorate from 1898 until 1914, when <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">seized by Japanese and British troops</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1922, the territory was returned to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg/220px-Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg/330px-Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg/440px-Henry_George_School_of_Social_Science_121_E30_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Henry George School of Social Science in New York City</figcaption></figure> Georgist ideas were also adopted to some degree in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. In these countries, governments still levy some type of land value tax, albeit with exemptions.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">municipal governments of the United States</a> depend on <a href="/wiki/Property_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Property tax in the United States">real-property tax</a> as their main source of revenue, although such taxes are not Georgist as they generally include the value of buildings and other improvements. One exception is the town of <a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona, Pennsylvania</a>, which for a time in the 21st century only taxed land value, phasing in the tax in 2002, relying on it entirely for tax revenue from 2011, and ending it 2017; the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> noted that "Altoona is using LVT in a city where neither land nor buildings have much value".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Duggan" title="Mike Duggan">Mike Duggan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> State Representative <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Young_(politician)" title="Stephanie Young (politician)">Stephanie Young</a> proposed replacing existing property taxes with a land-value tax.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Recession" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Recession">2008 Recession</a> and city's <a href="/wiki/Detroit_bankruptcy" title="Detroit bankruptcy">2013 bankruptcy</a>, speculators bought cheap property, expecting to profit from the city's recovery. This plan to shift the cost of municipal services to owners of empty land, while exempting community gardens and parks, will require approval from the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan Legislature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_Council" title="Detroit City Council">Detroit City Council</a> before being added as a <a href="/wiki/Ballot_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot measure">ballot measure</a> for Detroit residents.<a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutes_and_organizations">Institutes and organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Institutes and organizations">edit</a>]</div> Various organizations still exist that continue to promote the ideas of Henry George. According to <a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology" title="The American Journal of Economics and Sociology">The American Journal of Economics and Sociology</a>, the periodical <a href="/wiki/Land%26Liberty" title="Land&Liberty">Land&Liberty</a>, established in 1894, is "the longest-lived Georgist project in history".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Founded during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in 1932, the Henry George School of Social Science in New York offers courses, sponsors seminars, and publishes research in the Georgist paradigm.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Also in the US, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Institute_of_Land_Policy" title="Lincoln Institute of Land Policy">Lincoln Institute of Land Policy</a> was established in 1974 based on the writings of Henry George. It "seeks to improve the dialogue about urban development, the built environment, and tax policy in the United States and abroad".<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Foundation">Henry George Foundation</a> continues to promote the ideas of Henry George in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_IU" title="The IU">The IU</a> is an international umbrella organisation that brings together organizations worldwide that seek land-value tax reform.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> The economist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a> believed that George's views in <a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a> were dangerous, even predicting wars, terror, and economic destruction from the immediate implementation of its recommendations. Specifically, Marshall was upset about the idea of rapid change and the unfairness of not compensating existing landowners. In his lectures on Progress and Poverty, Marshall opposed George's position on compensation while fully endorsing his ultimate remedy. So far as land value tax moderately replaced other taxes and did not cause the price of land to fall, Marshall supported <a href="/wiki/Land_value_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Land value taxation">land value taxation</a> on economic and moral grounds, suggesting that a three or four percent tax on land values would fit this condition. After implementing land taxes, governments would purchase future land values at discounted prices and take ownership after 100 years. Marshall asserted that this plan, which he strongly supported, would end the need for a tax collection department of government. For newly formed countries where land was not already private, Marshall advocated implementing George's economic proposal immediately.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> considered the single-tax platform as a regression from the transition to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> and referred to Georgism as "capitalism's last ditch".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Marx argued that, "The whole thing is ... simply an attempt, decked out with <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, to save capitalist domination and indeed to establish it afresh on an even wider basis than its present one."<a href="#cite_note-marx-106">[106]</a> Marx also criticized the way land value tax theory emphasizes the value of land, arguing that George's "fundamental dogma is that everything would be all right if ground rent were paid to the state."<a href="#cite_note-marx-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Ely" title="Richard T. Ely">Richard T. Ely</a> agreed with the economic arguments for Georgism but believed that correcting the problem the way Henry George wanted, without compensation, was unjust to existing landowners. In explaining his position, Ely wrote, "If we have all made a mistake, should one party to the transaction alone bear the cost of the common blunder?"<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a> supported Georgist economics but opposed what he perceived as an environmentally and politically reckless tendency for advocates to rely on a one-size-fits-all approach to tax reform, specifically, the "single tax" framing. Commons concluded The Distribution of Wealth, with an estimate that "perhaps 95% of the total values represented by these millionaire [sic] fortunes is due to those investments classed as land values and natural monopolies and to competitive industries aided by such monopolies", and that "tax reform should seek to remove all burdens from capital and labour and impose them on monopolies." However, he criticized Georgists for failing to see that Henry George's anti-monopoly ideas must be implemented with a variety of policy tools. Commons wrote, "Trees do not grow into the sky—they would perish in a high wind; and a single truth, like a single tax, ends in its own destruction." Commons uses the natural soil fertility and value of forests as an example of this destruction, arguing that a tax on the in-situ value of those depletable natural resources can result in overuse or over-extraction. Instead, Commons recommends an income tax-based approach to forests similar to a modern Georgist <a href="/wiki/Severance_tax" title="Severance tax">severance tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Other contemporaries such as <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank Fetter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">neoclassical</a> economist <a href="/wiki/John_Bates_Clark" title="John Bates Clark">John Bates Clark</a> argued that it was impractical to maintain the traditional distinction between land and capital and used this as a basis to attack Georgism. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Blaug" title="Mark Blaug">Mark Blaug</a>, a specialist in the history of economic thought, credits Fetter and Clark with influencing mainstream economists to abandon the idea "that land is a unique factor of production and hence that there is any special need for a special theory of ground rent" claiming that "this is in fact the basis of all the attacks on Henry George by contemporary economists and certainly the fundamental reason why professional economists increasingly ignored him".<a href="#cite_note-Blaug-110">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> endorsed the theory of Georgism, while being wary of the perceived injustice of <a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">expropriation</a>. Solow stated that taxing away expected land rents "would have no semblance of fairness"; however, Georgism would be good to introduce where location values were not already privatized or if the transition could be phased in slowly.<a href="#cite_note-auto-111">[111]</a> George has also been accused of exaggerating the importance of his "all-devouring rent thesis" in claiming that it is the primary cause of poverty and injustice in society.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> George argued that the rent of land increased faster than wages for labor because the supply of land is fixed. Modern economists, including <a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Edenhofer" title="Ottmar Edenhofer">Ottmar Edenhofer</a> have demonstrated that George's assertion is plausible but was more likely to be true during George's time than now.<a href="#cite_note-econstor.eu-40">[40]</a> An early criticism of Georgism was that it would generate too much public revenue and result in unwanted growth of government, but later critics argued that it would not generate enough income to cover government spending. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Joseph Schumpeter</a> concluded his analysis of Georgism by stating that, "It is not economically unsound, except that it involves an unwarranted optimism concerning the yield of such a tax." Economists who study land conclude that Schumpeter's criticism is unwarranted because the rental yield from land is likely much greater than what modern critics such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> suppose.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Krugman agrees that land value taxation is the best means of raising public revenue but asserts that increased spending has rendered land rent insufficient to fully fund government.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Georgists have responded by citing studies and analyses implying that land values of nations like the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia are more than sufficient to fund all levels of government.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">Anarcho-capitalist</a> political philosopher and economist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> criticized Georgism in <a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a> as being philosophically incongruent with <a href="/wiki/Subjective_value_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Subjective value theory">subjective value theory</a>, and further stating that land is irrelevant in the factors of production, trade, and price systems,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> but this critique is seen by some, including other opponents of Georgism, as relying on false assumptions and flawed reasoning.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a> economist <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> credited early enthusiasm for Henry George with developing his interest in economics. Later, Hayek said that the theory of Georgism would be very strong if assessment challenges did not result in unfair outcomes, but he believed that they would.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Economists <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a> and Zachary Gochenour have argued that a 100% Georgist tax would destroy the incentive to search for natural resources and discover optimal locations for businesses, as the additional profits that would result from such discoveries would lead to a corresponding increase in the unimproved value of the land, and so be taxed away.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lists_of_Georgists">Lists of Georgists</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lists of Georgists">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-3"><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economists">Economists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Gunnison_Brown" title="Harry Gunnison Brown">Harry Gunnison Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">John R. Commons</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Crotty" title="Raymond Crotty">Raymond Crotty</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daly" title="Herman Daly">Herman Daly</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottmar_Edenhofer" title="Ottmar Edenhofer">Ottmar Edenhofer</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Foldvary" title="Fred Foldvary">Fred Foldvary</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a><a href="#cite_note-HooverInstitution-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Gaffney" title="Mason Gaffney">Mason Gaffney</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Hirsch_(economist)" title="Max Hirsch (economist)">Max Hirsch</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hotelling" title="Harold Hotelling">Harold Hotelling</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Ladejinsky" title="Wolf Ladejinsky">Wolf Ladejinsky</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Shoup" title="Donald Shoup">Donald Shoup</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Tideman" title="Nicolaus Tideman">Nicolaus Tideman</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Léon Walras</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wicksteed" title="Philip Wicksteed">Philip Wicksteed</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)" title="Michael Hudson (economist)">Michael Hudson</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heads_of_government">Heads of government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Heads of government">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ballance" title="John Ballance">John Ballance</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Alfred Deakin</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher" title="Andrew Fisher">Andrew Fisher</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grey" title="George Grey">George Grey</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stout" title="Robert Stout">Robert Stout</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_political_figures">Other political figures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other political figures">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Evatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Evatt">Herbert Evatt</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Altgeld" title="John Peter Altgeld">John Peter Altgeld</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_D._Baker" title="Newton D. Baker">Newton D. Baker</a><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Schalkenbach_Foundation-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)" title="Willie Brown (politician)">Willie Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Cameron" title="Clyde Cameron">Clyde Cameron</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Cotterill" title="George F. Cotterill">George F. Cotterill</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Gaynor" title="William Jay Gaynor">William Jay Gaynor</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_C._Howe" title="Frederic C. Howe">Frederic C. Howe</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Infante" title="Blas Infante">Blas Infante</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_L._Johnson" title="Tom L. Johnson">Tom L. Johnson</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Jones" title="Samuel M. Jones">Samuel M. Jones</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_de_Jong" title="Frank de Jong">Frank de Jong</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Knight_Lane" title="Franklin Knight Lane">Franklin Knight Lane</a><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Schalkenbach_Foundation-179">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazen_S._Pingree" title="Hazen S. Pingree">Hazen S. Pingree</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_C._Wedgwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Josiah C. Wedgwood">Josiah C. Wedgwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bauchop_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bauchop Wilson">William Bauchop Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Schalkenbach_Foundation-179">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Stitt_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Stitt Wilson">Jackson Stitt Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-Barton2016-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_MacLaren" title="Andrew MacLaren">Andrew MacLaren</a> MP<a href="#cite_note-Stewart,_John,_1931–2001-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Nkomo" title="Joshua Nkomo">Joshua Nkomo</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Argente" title="Baldomero Argente">Baldomero Argente</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Ro Khanna</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Polis" title="Jared Polis">Jared Polis</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"><div class="columns-start columns-3"><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activists">Activists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Activists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Barnes_(entrepreneur)" title="Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)">Peter Barnes</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Bard_Field" title="Sara Bard Field">Sara Bard Field</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Davitt" title="Michael Davitt">Michael Davitt</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gompers" title="Samuel Gompers">Samuel Gompers</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton_Hall_(activist)" title="Bolton Hall (activist)">Bolton Hall</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Harrison" title="Hubert Harrison">Hubert Harrison</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_Holmes" title="John Haynes Holmes">John Haynes Holmes</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Headlam" title="Stewart Headlam">Stewart Headlam</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Lease" title="Mary Elizabeth Lease">Mary Elizabeth Lease</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_C._Marsh" title="Benjamin C. Marsh">Benjamin C. Marsh</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ferdinand_Morton" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ferdinand Morton">James Ferdinand Morton</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mott_Osborne" title="Thomas Mott Osborne">Thomas Mott Osborne</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-dlg.galileo.usg.edu-225">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Pinchot" title="Amos Pinchot">Amos Pinchot</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_V._Powderly" title="Terence V. Powderly">Terence V. Powderly</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Seabury_(judge)" title="Samuel Seabury (judge)">Samuel Seabury</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Helen_Spence" title="Catherine Helen Spence">Catherine Helen Spence</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Taylor_(feminist)" title="Helen Taylor (feminist)">Helen Taylor</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Simon_U%27Ren" title="William Simon U'Ren">William Simon U'Ren</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authors">Authors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Authors">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Howard_Crosby" title="Ernest Howard Crosby">Ernest Howard Crosby</a><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eisenstein" title="Charles Eisenstein">Charles Eisenstein</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlin_Garland" title="Hamlin Garland">Hamlin Garland</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Funeral_Procession-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Harrison_(author)" title="Fred Harrison (author)">Fred Harrison</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Herne" title="James A. Herne">James A. Herne</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard" title="Ebenezer Howard">Ebenezer Howard</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Hubbard" title="Elbert Hubbard">Elbert Hubbard</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteiro_Lobato" title="Monteiro Lobato">Monteiro Lobato</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Howard_Kunstler" title="James Howard Kunstler">James Howard Kunstler</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Mart%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Martí">Jose Martí</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._McCrackan" title="William D. McCrackan">William D. McCrackan</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Funeral_Procession-236">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Albert Jay Nock</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Norris" title="Kathleen Norris">Kathleen Norris</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton_Sinclair" title="Upton Sinclair">Upton Sinclair</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Erskine_Scott_Wood" title="Charles Erskine Scott Wood">Charles Erskine Scott Wood</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McEachran" title="Frank McEachran">Frank McEachran</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Desmond" title="Arthur Desmond">Arthur Desmond</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalists">Journalists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Journalists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">William F. Buckley Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Thomas_Fortune" title="Timothy Thomas Fortune">Timothy Thomas Fortune</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a><a href="#cite_note-Henry_George_and_Zionism-264">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kinsley" title="Michael Kinsley">Michael Kinsley</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_La_Follette" title="Suzanne La Follette">Suzanne La Follette</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Matthews" title="Dylan Matthews">Dylan Matthews</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Moley" title="Raymond Moley">Raymond Moley</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Russell" title="Charles Edward Russell">Charles Edward Russell</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reihan_Salam" title="Reihan Salam">Reihan Salam</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Traubel" title="Horace Traubel">Horace Traubel</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wolf" title="Martin Wolf">Martin Wolf</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merryn_Somerset_Webb" title="Merryn Somerset Webb">Merryn Somerset Webb</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock">Brand Whitlock</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Worstall" title="Tim Worstall">Tim Worstall</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Yglesias" title="Matthew Yglesias">Matthew Yglesias</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"><div class="columns-start columns-3"><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists">Artists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Artists">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bachrach" title="David Bachrach">David Bachrach</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_Bengough" title="John Wilson Bengough">John Wilson Bengough</a><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-288">[288]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carter_Beard" title="Daniel Carter Beard">Daniel Carter Beard</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008_359-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bellamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Bellamy">Matthew Bellamy</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_de_Forest_Brush" title="George de Forest Brush">George de Forest Brush</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burley_Griffin" title="Walter Burley Griffin">Walter Burley Griffin</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Family_Singers" title="Hutchinson Family Singers">John Hutchinson</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Funeral_Procession-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Inness" title="George Inness">George Inness</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Churchill_de_Mille" title="Henry Churchill de Mille">Henry Churchill de Mille</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._deMille" title="William C. deMille">William C. deMille</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Neilson" title="Francis Neilson">Francis Neilson</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Palmieri" title="Eddie Palmieri">Eddie Palmieri</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjo_Paterson" title="Banjo Paterson">Banjo Paterson</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Prang" title="Louis Prang">Louis Prang</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lightfoot_Price" title="William Lightfoot Price">William Lightfoot Price</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stephens_(sculptor)" title="Frank Stephens (sculptor)">Frank Stephens</a><a href="#cite_note-Shields-311">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophers">Philosophers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Philosophers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Borsodi" title="Ralph Borsodi">Ralph Borsodi</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_B%C3%BCchner" title="Ludwig Büchner">Ludwig Büchner</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Murray Butler</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Frank Chodorov</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Cobb" title="John B. Cobb">John B. Cobb</a><a href="#cite_note-Daly_1994_258–259,_328–329-319">[319]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gesell" title="Silvio Gesell">Silvio Gesell</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_MacLaren" title="Leon MacLaren">Leon MacLaren</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stewart,_John,_1931–2001-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Oppenheimer" title="Franz Oppenheimer">Franz Oppenheimer</a><a href="#cite_note-Henry_George_and_Zionism-264">[264]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Van_Parijs" title="Philippe Van Parijs">Philippe Van Parijs</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_Steiner" title="Hillel Steiner">Hillel Steiner</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King Jr">Martin Luther King Jr</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Babson" title="Roger Babson">Roger Babson</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Clarence Darrow</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Heath" title="Spencer Heath">Spencer Heath</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrit_Kennedy" title="Margrit Kennedy">Margrit Kennedy</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Electric" title="Lincoln Electric">John C. Lincoln</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Magie" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Magie">Elizabeth Magie</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_McGlynn" title="Edward McGlynn">Edward McGlynn</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckey_O%27Neill" title="Buckey O'Neill">Buckey O'Neill</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Foster_Peabody" title="George Foster Peabody">George Foster Peabody</a><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-dlg.galileo.usg.edu-225">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Freeland_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Freeland Post">Louis Freeland Post</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rauschenbusch" title="Walter Rauschenbusch">Walter Rauschenbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_A._Spruance" title="Raymond A. Spruance">Raymond A. Spruance</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanus_P._Thompson" title="Silvanus P. Thompson">Silvanus P. Thompson</a><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-288">[288]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiske_Warren" title="Fiske Warren">Fiske Warren</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fels" title="Joseph Fels">Joseph Fels</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood" title="Vivienne Westwood">Vivienne Westwood</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Altman" title="Sam Altman">Sam Altman</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalik_Buterin" title="Vitalik Buterin">Vitalik Buterin</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a></li></ul> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Justice" title="Agrarian Justice">Agrarian Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arden,_Delaware" title="Arden, Delaware">Arden, Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">Basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_and_Share" title="Cap and Share">Cap and Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_poverty" title="Causes of poverty">Causes of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_dividend" title="Citizen's dividend">Citizen's dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_land_trust" title="Community land trust">Community land trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadweight_loss" title="Deadweight loss">Deadweight loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers" title="Diggers">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">Economic rent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excess_burden_of_taxation" title="Excess burden of taxation">Excess burden of taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiwirtschaft" title="Freiwirtschaft">Freiwirtschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor economics">Labor economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">Land (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landed_property" title="Landed property">Landed property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law" title="Land law">Land law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_monopoly" class="mw-redirect" title="Land monopoly">Land monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_registration" title="Land registration">Land registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land value tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockean_proviso" title="Lockean proviso">Lockean proviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">Manorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_and_legal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural and legal rights">Natural and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Neoclassical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimal_tax" title="Optimal tax">Optimal tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigovian_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigovian tax">Pigovian tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">Poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Australia" title="Prosper Australia">Prosper Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">Rent-seeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_reform" title="Tax reform">Tax reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_shift" title="Tax shift">Tax shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">Tragedy of the anticommons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_capture" title="Value capture">Value capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth concentration">Wealth concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/catsup.htm">"Seeing the Cat"</a>. 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Business School, The University of Western Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2325322/Jane-McNab-Jacqueline-Tuck-Final-b-HETSA-Paper-2013.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 August 2014. 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Retrieved 22 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Logos+Abused%3A+The+Decadence+and+Tyranny+of+Abstract+Reasoning+in+Economics&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masongaffney.org%2Fworkpapers%2FLogos_Abused.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Agrarian Justice, Wikisource edition, paragraph 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-Adam_Smith-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_Smith_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adam_Smith_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1776" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Adam (1776). "Chapter 2, Article 1: Taxes upon the Rent of Houses". 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Macmillan and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-598-86363-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-598-86363-8"><bdi>978-0-598-86363-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Distribution+of+Wealth&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company&rft.date=1893&rft.isbn=978-0-598-86363-8&rft.aulast=Commons&rft.aufirst=John+Rogers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdhVEAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommons1922" class="citation journal cs1">Commons, John R. (1922). 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Retrieved 27 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+Resource+Rents+of+Australia&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prosper.org.au%2F2013%2F12%2F03%2Ftotal-resource-rents-of-australia-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard, Murray</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maneconomystatet00roth">Man, Economy, and State: A Treatise on Economic Principles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Van_Nostrand_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Nostrand (publisher)">Van Nostrand</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%2C+Economy%2C+and+State%3A+A+Treatise+on+Economic+Principles&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaneconomystatet00roth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinrich2004" class="citation web cs1">Heinrich, David J. (24 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/blog/murray-rothbard-and-henry-george">"Murray Rothbard and Henry George"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. Retrieved 28 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.atitle=Murray+Rothbard+and+Henry+George&rft.date=2004-02-24&rft.aulast=Heinrich&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fblog%2Fmurray-rothbard-and-henry-george&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndelson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Andelson, Robert V. (January 2000). "On Separating the Landowner's Earned and Unearned Increment: A Georgist Rejoinder to F. A. Hayek". <a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology" class="mw-redirect" title="American Journal of Economics and Sociology">American Journal of Economics and Sociology</a>. 59 (1): 109–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1536-7150.00016">10.1111/1536-7150.00016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=On+Separating+the+Landowner%27s+Earned+and+Unearned+Increment%3A+A+Georgist+Rejoinder+to+F.+A.+Hayek&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=109-117&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1536-7150.00016&rft.aulast=Andelson&rft.aufirst=Robert+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Hayek wrote, "It was a lay enthusiasm for Henry George which led me to economics." </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGochenour2012" class="citation web cs1">Gochenour, Zac (4 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1338040">"A Search-Theoretic Critique of Georgism"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Search-Theoretic+Critique+of+Georgism&rft.date=2012-02-04&rft.aulast=Gochenour&rft.aufirst=Zac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1338040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1936" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, H. G. (1936). "A Defense of the Single Tax Principle". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 183 (1): 63–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000271623618300109">10.1177/000271623618300109</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144711642">144711642</a>. <q>The truth is that I recognize the fundamental justice and common sense of the single-tax idea. But that any other tax than a tax on land values is always and everywhere wrong, regardless of public needs or the nature of this other tax, I do not maintain.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=A+Defense+of+the+Single+Tax+Principle&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-69&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000271623618300109&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144711642%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=H.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarterCommons1962" class="citation book cs1">Harter, Lafayette G.; Commons, John R. (1962). His Assault on Laissez-faire. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. pp. 21, 32, 36, 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=His+Assault+on+Laissez-faire&rft.place=Corvallis&rft.pages=21%2C+32%2C+36%2C+38&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Harter&rft.aufirst=Lafayette+G.&rft.au=Commons%2C+John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindholmLynn,_Jr.1982" class="citation book cs1">Lindholm, Richard; Lynn, Jr., Arthur, eds. (1982). "Two Centuries of Economic Thought on Taxation of Land Rents". Land Value Taxation in Thought and Practice. Madison: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. pp. 151–196.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Two+Centuries+of+Economic+Thought+on+Taxation+of+Land+Rents&rft.btitle=Land+Value+Taxation+in+Thought+and+Practice&rft.place=Madison&rft.pages=151-196&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrueRandy2012" class="citation book cs1">Brue, Stanley; Randy, Grant (2012). The Evolution of Economic Thought. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-285-40175-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-285-40175-1"><bdi>978-1-285-40175-1</bdi></a>. <q>After reading Henry George's Progress and Poverty," Commons "became a single-taxer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Economic+Thought&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-285-40175-1&rft.aulast=Brue&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Randy%2C+Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cengage.com/resource_uploads/downloads/0324321457_65788.pdf">Supplemental Biography of John Rogers Commons: Chapter 19 of the online edition</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrotty1988" class="citation book cs1">Crotty, Raymond D. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0hCAQAAIAAJ">A Radical's Response</a>. Poolbeg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780905169989" title="Special:BookSources/9780905169989"><bdi>9780905169989</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Radical%27s+Response&rft.pub=Poolbeg&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780905169989&rft.aulast=Crotty&rft.aufirst=Raymond+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0hCAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheppard2014" class="citation web cs1">Sheppard, Barry (24 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2014/08/24/progress-and-poverty-henry-george-and-land-reform-in-modern-ireland/">"'Progress and Poverty' – Henry George and Land Reform in modern Ireland"</a>. The Irish Story. Retrieved 29 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Story&rft.atitle=%27Progress+and+Poverty%27+%E2%80%93+Henry+George+and+Land+Reform+in+modern+Ireland&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft.aulast=Sheppard&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2014%2F08%2F24%2Fprogress-and-poverty-henry-george-and-land-reform-in-modern-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaly2015" class="citation web cs1">Daly, Herman (23 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npmx_qsCHz4">"Smart Talk: Herman Daly on what's beyond GNP Growth"</a>. Henry George School of Social Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/npmx_qsCHz4">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2015. <q>. . . I am really sort of a Georgist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smart+Talk%3A+Herman+Daly+on+what%27s+beyond+GNP+Growth&rft.pub=Henry+George+School+of+Social+Science&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dnpmx_qsCHz4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaffney" class="citation web cs1">Gaffney, Mason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commonground-usa.net/gaffney-mason_stimulus-the-false-and-the-true-2008.htm">"Stimulus: The False and the True Mason Gaffney"</a>. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stimulus%3A+The+False+and+the+True+Mason+Gaffney&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommonground-usa.net%2Fgaffney-mason_stimulus-the-false-and-the-true-2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas1972" class="citation book cs1">Douglas, Paul (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infullnessoftime00doug">In the fullness of time; the memoirs of Paul H. Douglas</a>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0151443765" title="Special:BookSources/978-0151443765"><bdi>978-0151443765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+fullness+of+time%3B+the+memoirs+of+Paul+H.+Douglas&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0151443765&rft.aulast=Douglas&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finfullnessoftime00doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdenhofer2013" class="citation report cs1">Edenhofer, Ottmar (2013). 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"From a historical perspective, our result may be closer to Henry George's original thinking than georgism or the neoclassical Henry George Theorems.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hypergeorgism%3A+When+is+Rent+Taxation+as+a+Remedy+for+Insufficient+Capital+Accumulation+Socially+Optimal%3F&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2232659%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Edenhofer&rft.aufirst=Ottmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdenhofer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Edenhofer, Ottmar (25 June 2013). "Financing Public Capital Through Land Rent Taxation: A Macroeconomic Henry George Theorem". 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Retrieved 30 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Tax+Reform+Possible%3F+%28February+06%2C+1978%29&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution&rft.au=Collected+Works+of+Milton+Friedman%2C+Hoover+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmiltonfriedman.hoover.org%2Fobjects%2F57215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Excerpt: Prof. Friedman:... In my opinion, and this may come as a shock to some of you, the least bad tax is the property tax on the unimproved value of land, the Henry George argument of many, many years ago. " </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://masongaffney.org/">"Mason Gaffney's Website"</a>. masongaffney.org. 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"The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates". Econometrica. 6 (3): 242–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1907054">10.2307/1907054</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1907054">1907054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Econometrica&rft.atitle=The+General+Welfare+in+Relation+to+Problems+of+Taxation+and+of+Railway+and+Utility+Rates&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=242-269&rft.date=1938&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1907054&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1907054%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hotelling&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndelson2000" class="citation book cs1">Andelson, Robert V. (2000). Land-Value Taxation Around the World: Studies in Economic Reform and Social Justice Malden. 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Retrieved 17 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pay+As+You+Park%3A+UCLA+professor+Donald+Shoup+inspires+a+passion+for+parking.&rft.issue=May+2005&rft.aulast=Knack&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Eckdish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshoup.bol.ucla.edu%2FPayAsYouPark.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Shoup, Donald C. "The Ideal Source of Local Public Revenue." 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It is the use and occupancy of property that creates the need for the municipal services that appear as the largest item in the budget—fire and police protection, waste removal, and public works. The average increase in tax bills of city residents will be about twice as great with wage tax increase than with a land tax increase." </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiglitz2010" class="citation web cs1">Stiglitz, Joseph (2 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206120932/http://www.newdeal20.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/principles-and-guidelines-for-deficit-reduction.pdf">"Working Paper No. 6: Principles and Guidelines for Deficit Reduction"</a> (PDF). Next New Deal The Blog of the Roosevelt Institute. The Roosevelt Institute. p. 5. 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Henry George, a great progressive of the late nineteenth century, argued, partly on this basis, for a land tax.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Next+New+Deal+The+Blog+of+the+Roosevelt+Institute&rft.atitle=Working+Paper+No.+6%3A+Principles+and+Guidelines+for+Deficit+Reduction&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft.aulast=Stiglitz&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newdeal20.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F12%2Fprinciples-and-guidelines-for-deficit-reduction.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTideman" class="citation web cs1">Tideman, Nicolaus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629031608/http://www.schalkenbach.org/library/tidemanglobaljustice.html">"Global Economic Justice"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Economic+Justice&rft.pub=Schalkenbach+Foundation&rft.aulast=Tideman&rft.aufirst=Nicolaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schalkenbach.org%2Flibrary%2Ftidemanglobaljustice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907220506/http://www.wealthandwant.com/auth/Vickrey.html">"Bill Vickrey: "This paper would benefit from an application of Henry George's idea of taxing land values!""</a>. www.wealthandwant.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wealthandwant.com/auth/Vickrey.html">the original</a> on 7 September 2008. 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Churchill / The Mother of all Monopolies -- 1909"</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLaren2001" class="citation journal cs1">MacLaren, Andrew (Autumn 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018155237/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-112/the-people-s-rights-opportunity-lost">"The People's Rights: Opportunity Lost?"</a>. Finest Hour. 112. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-112/the-people-s-rights-opportunity-lost">the original</a> on 18 October 2015. 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Retrieved 25 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Lonely+Quest+for+Land-Tax+Fans%2C+But%2C+by+George%2C+They+Press+On&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=Ianthe+Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323826704578354733775359470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Stevens, Elizabeth Lesly. "A Tax Policy With San Francisco Roots". July 30, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bcstevens.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/31/us/31bcstevens.html</a> Quote: "But Mr. Brown was certainly in good company as a Georgist. Devotees over the years have included Leo Tolstoy, Winston Churchill, Sun Yat-Sen, and the inventor of the board game that would become Monopoly." </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Murdoch, Walter. Alfred Deakin: a sketch. Melbourne, Vic: Bookman, 1999. [1923] </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBastian2009" class="citation book cs1">Bastian, Peter (2009). Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man. Sydney, N.S.W: UNSW Press. pp. 28–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1742230047" title="Special:BookSources/978-1742230047"><bdi>978-1742230047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrew+Fisher%3A+An+Underestimated+Man&rft.place=Sydney%2C+N.S.W&rft.pages=28-30&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1742230047&rft.aulast=Bastian&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> [George, Henry, Jr. The Life of Henry George. New York: Doubleday & McClure, 1900.] </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes" class="citation web cs1">Hayes, Rutherford B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004921/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/hayes-rutherford_henry-george-1887.html">"Henry George"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/hayes-rutherford_henry-george-1887.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Rutherford+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fhayes-rutherford_henry-george-1887.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090395b.htm">"Hughes, William Morris (Billy) (1862–1952)"</a>. Australian Dictionary of Biography: Online Edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStout1885" class="citation news cs1">Stout, Robert (14 April 1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NZH18850414.2.41">"Address by the Hon. R. Stout"</a>. Vol. XXII, no. 7302. PAPERPAST. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 6 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Address+by+the+Hon.+R.+Stout&rft.volume=XXII&rft.issue=7302&rft.date=1885-04-14&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DNZH18850414.2.41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrescott1994" class="citation journal cs1">Trescott, Paul B. (January 22, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x">"Henry George, Sun Yat-sen and China: More Than Land Policy Was Involved"</a>. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 53 (3): 363–375. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x">10.1111/j.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x</a> – via Wiley Online Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=Henry+George%2C+Sun+Yat-sen+and+China%3A+More+Than+Land+Policy+Was+Involved&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=363-375&rft.date=1994-01-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x&rft.aulast=Trescott&rft.aufirst=Paul+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1994.tb02606.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrescott2007" class="citation book cs1">Trescott, Paul B. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkJtJm9L7mQC&q=%22basis%20of%20our%20program%20OR%20reform%22%20Leng%20sun%20yat%20sen&pg=PA48">Jingji Xue: The History of the Introduction of Western Economic Ideas Into China, 1850–1950</a>. 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The Public. 15: 349. 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Retrieved 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Single+Tax+Review%2C+Volumes+21%E2%80%9322&rft.pages=178&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzEAoAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r6xLAQAAIAAJ">Land and Freedom, Volumes 22–23</a>. 1922. p. 179. Retrieved 16 December 2014 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+Freedom%2C+Volumes+22%E2%80%9323&rft.pages=179&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr6xLAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101042450/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/land-question_f-h.html">"The Land Question Quotations from Historical and Contemporary Sources"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/land-question_f-h.html">the original</a> on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Land+Question+Quotations+from+Historical+and+Contemporary+Sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fland-question_f-h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Holmes said, "The passing years have only added to my conviction that Henry George is one of the greatest of all modern statesmen and prophets." </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckert" class="citation web cs1">Eckert, Charles R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604102744/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/eckert-charles_henry-george-sound-economics-and-the-new-deal-1935.html">"Henry George, Sound Economics and the "New Deal""</a>. 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Aug 28, 1916. p. 9. Retrieved Nov 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Evening+Journal&rft.atitle=Season%27s+close+at+Chautauqua%3B+The+Single+Tax&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1916-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%25201916%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%25201916%2520-%25203006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal%201917/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal%201917%20-%200158.pdf">"Exclusive tax on land values"</a> (PDF). Jamestown Evening Journal. Jamestown, NY. Jan 15, 1917. p. 3. Retrieved Nov 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown+Evening+Journal&rft.atitle=Exclusive+tax+on+land+values&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1917-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%25201917%2FJamestown%2520NY%2520Evening%2520Journal%25201917%2520-%25200158.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal%201917/Jamestown%20NY%20Evening%20Journal%201917%20-%200134.pdf">"Saturday Night Club"</a> (PDF). Jamestown Evening Journal. Jamestown, NY. Jan 12, 1917. p. 9. 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Retrieved Nov 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Argus&rft.atitle=Church+Services+Tomorrow%3B+First+Congregational+Church&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1917-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FMount%2520Vernon%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Argus%2FMount%2520Vernon%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Argus%25201917%2FMount%2520Vernon%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Argus%25201917%2520-%25203585.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Jorgensen, Emil Oliver. The next Step toward Real Democracy: One Hundred Reasons Why America Should Abolish, as Speedily as Possible, All Taxation upon the Fruits of Industry, and Raise the Public Revenue by a Single Tax on Land Values Only. Chicago, IL: Chicago Singletax Club, 1920. </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_224-1">b</a> Gorgas, William Crawford, and Lewis Jerome Johnson. Two Papers on Public Sanitation and the Single Tax. New York: Single Tax Information Bureau, 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v3NHAAAAYAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=v3NHAAAAYAAJ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-dlg.galileo.usg.edu-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dlg.galileo.usg.edu_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dlg.galileo.usg.edu_225-1">b</a> Ware, Louise. George Foster Peabody, Banker, Philanthropist, Publicist. Athens: U of Georgia, 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ugapressbks/pdfs/ugp9780820334561.pdf">http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/ugapressbks/pdfs/ugp9780820334561.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1916" class="citation book cs1">Young, Arthur Nichols (1916). Single tax Movement in the United States. S.l: Hardpress Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Single+tax+Movement+in+the+United+States&rft.place=S.l&rft.pub=Hardpress+Ltd&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Nichols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1987" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, John (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reformerswaramer0000thom">Reformers and war : American progressive publicists and the First World War</a>. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521252898" title="Special:BookSources/9780521252898"><bdi>9780521252898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformers+and+war+%3A+American+progressive+publicists+and+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780521252898&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freformerswaramer0000thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowderly1889" class="citation book cs1">Powderly, Terence Vincent (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirtyyearslabo00powdgoog">Thirty Years of Labor. 1859–1889</a>. Excelsior publishing house. Retrieved 8 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+of+Labor.+1859%E2%80%931889&rft.pub=Excelsior+publishing+house&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Powderly&rft.aufirst=Terence+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirtyyearslabo00powdgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> "It would be far easier to levy a "single tax," basing it upon land values." "It is because ... a single land tax would prove to be the very essence of equity, that l advocate it. </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitgang1996" class="citation book cs1">Mitgang, Herbert (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=__yUGoL0OmAC&q=henry+george">The Man Who Rode the Tiger: The Life and Times of Judge Samuel Seabury</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_Press" title="Fordham University Press">Fordham University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823217229" title="Special:BookSources/9780823217229"><bdi>9780823217229</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Rode+the+Tiger%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Judge+Samuel+Seabury&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780823217229&rft.aulast=Mitgang&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D__yUGoL0OmAC%26q%3Dhenry%2Bgeorge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagarey1985" class="citation book cs1">Magarey, Susan (1985). Unbridling the tongues of women : a biography of Catherine Helen Spence. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0868061498" title="Special:BookSources/978-0868061498"><bdi>978-0868061498</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unbridling+the+tongues+of+women+%3A+a+biography+of+Catherine+Helen+Spence&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Hale+%26+Iremonger&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0868061498&rft.aulast=Magarey&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWenzer1997" class="citation book cs1">Wenzer, Kenneth (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YcE19ylnJ8YC">An Anthology of Henry George's Thought (Volume 1)</a>. University Rochester Press. pp. 87, 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781878822819" title="Special:BookSources/9781878822819"><bdi>9781878822819</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Anthology+of+Henry+George%27s+Thought+%28Volume+1%29&rft.pages=87%2C+243&rft.pub=University+Rochester+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781878822819&rft.aulast=Wenzer&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYcE19ylnJ8YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110113347/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/Oregon-Biographies-William-Uren.cfm">"Oregon Biographies: William S. U'Ren"</a>. Oregon History Project. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/Oregon-Biographies-William-Uren.cfm">the original</a> on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+History+Project&rft.atitle=Oregon+Biographies%3A+William+S.+U%27Ren&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohs.org%2Feducation%2Foregonhistory%2FOregon-Biographies-William-Uren.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCandeloro1979" class="citation journal cs1">Candeloro, Dominic (April 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717015930/http://www.cooperative-individualism.org/candeloro-dominic_single-tax-movement-and-progressivism-1979.htm">"The Single Tax Movement and Progressivism, 1880–1920"</a>. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 38 (2): 113–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1979.tb02869.x">10.1111/j.1536-7150.1979.tb02869.x</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperative-individualism.org/candeloro-dominic_single-tax-movement-and-progressivism-1979.htm">the original</a> on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Single+Tax+Movement+and+Progressivism%2C+1880%E2%80%931920&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=113-127&rft.date=1979-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1979.tb02869.x&rft.aulast=Candeloro&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperative-individualism.org%2Fcandeloro-dominic_single-tax-movement-and-progressivism-1979.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Inquisitive Voter". The Great Adventure. 4 (35). September 11, 1920. <q>The proposition of Henry George will do more to lift humanity from the slough of poverty, crime, and misery than all else.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Great+Adventure&rft.atitle=The+Inquisitive+Voter&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=35&rft.date=1920-09-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenstein" class="citation web cs1">Eisenstein, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085910/http://www.thenewandancientstory.net/home/post-capitalism">"Post-Capitalism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewandancientstory.net/home/post-capitalism">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Post-Capitalism&rft.aulast=Eisenstein&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewandancientstory.net%2Fhome%2Fpost-capitalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Funeral_Procession-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Funeral_Procession_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Funeral_Procession_236-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Funeral_Procession_236-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/11/01/102544571.pdf">"The Funeral Procession"</a> (PDF). New York Times. November 1, 1897. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Funeral+Procession&rft.date=1897-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1897%2F11%2F01%2F102544571.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewlin2008" class="citation book cs1">Newlin, Keith (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hamlingarlandlif00newl">Hamlin Garland a life</a>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hamlingarlandlif00newl/page/n116">102</a>–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803233478" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803233478"><bdi>978-0803233478</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamlin+Garland+a+life&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=102-27&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0803233478&rft.aulast=Newlin&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhamlingarlandlif00newl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/vviBboUXhuA">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085914/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vviBboUXhuA">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vviBboUXhuA">"Fred Harrison speaks at ALTER Spring Conference 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 27 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Fred+Harrison+speaks+at+ALTER+Spring+Conference+2014&rft.date=2014-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvviBboUXhuA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAller" class="citation web cs1">Aller, Pat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/aller.htm">"The Georgist Philosophy in Culture and History"</a>. Retrieved 2 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Georgist+Philosophy+in+Culture+and+History&rft.aulast=Aller&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.henrygeorge.org%2Faller.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteuer2000" class="citation journal cs1">Steuer, Max (June 2000). "Review Article: A hundred years of town planning and the influence of Ebenezer Howard". The British Journal of Sociology. 51 (2): 377–386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-4446.2000.00377.x">10.1111/j.1468-4446.2000.00377.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10905006">10905006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Review+Article%3A+A+hundred+years+of+town+planning+and+the+influence+of+Ebenezer+Howard&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=377-386&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-4446.2000.00377.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10905006&rft.aulast=Steuer&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham1999" class="citation book cs1">Meacham, Standish (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uqa9S_E7ImQC">Regaining Paradise: Englishness and the Early Garden City Movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 50–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300075724" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300075724"><bdi>978-0300075724</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regaining+Paradise%3A+Englishness+and+the+Early+Garden+City+Movement&rft.pages=50-53&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0300075724&rft.aulast=Meacham&rft.aufirst=Standish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duqa9S_E7ImQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurdom1963" class="citation book cs1">Purdom, Charles Benjamin (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XWTaAAAAMAAJ">The Letchworth Achievement</a>. p. 1. Retrieved 5 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letchworth+Achievement&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Purdom&rft.aufirst=Charles+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXWTaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard1907" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard, Elbert (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TcS_CEFos_4C">Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Reformers</a>. East Aurora, New York: The Roycrofters. Retrieved 6 July 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Little+Journeys+to+the+Homes+of+Great+Reformers&rft.place=East+Aurora%2C+New+York&rft.pub=The+Roycrofters&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Elbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTcS_CEFos_4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> Harrison, F. (May–June 1989). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/harrison-fred_aldous-huxley-on-the-land-question-1989.html">Aldous Huxley on 'the Land Question'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213223137/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/harrison-fred_aldous-huxley-on-the-land-question-1989.html">Archived</a> 2014-12-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <a href="/wiki/Land_%26_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Land & Liberty">Land & Liberty</a>. "Huxley redeems himself when he concedes that, if he were to rewrite the book, he would offer a third option, one which he characterised as 'the possibility of sanity.' In a few bold strokes he outlines the elements of this model: 'In this community economics would be decentralist and Henry Georgian, politics Kropotkinesque and co-operative.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobato2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lobato, Monteiro (13 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HrL6WW7CQ5cC">O escândalo do petróleo e Georgismo e comunismo</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Globo Livros. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-250-5007-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-250-5007-6"><bdi>978-85-250-5007-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+esc%C3%A2ndalo+do+petr%C3%B3leo+e+Georgismo+e+comunismo&rft.pub=Globo+Livros&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft.isbn=978-85-250-5007-6&rft.aulast=Lobato&rft.aufirst=Monteiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHrL6WW7CQ5cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKunstler1998" class="citation book cs1">Kunstler, James Howard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZW_dvcbEqUC">"Chapter 7"</a>. Home from Nowhere: Remaking Our Everyday World For the 21st Century. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684837376" title="Special:BookSources/9780684837376"><bdi>9780684837376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7&rft.btitle=Home+from+Nowhere%3A+Remaking+Our+Everyday+World+For+the+21st+Century&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780684837376&rft.aulast=Kunstler&rft.aufirst=James+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ZW_dvcbEqUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMace" class="citation web cs1">Mace, Elisabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150908183320/http://www.akimoo.com/2013/the-economic-thinking-of-jose-marti-legacy-foundation-for-the-integration-of-america/">"The economic thinking of Jose Marti: Legacy foundation for the integration of America"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akimoo.com/2013/the-economic-thinking-of-jose-marti-legacy-foundation-for-the-integration-of-america/">the original</a> on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+economic+thinking+of+Jose+Marti%3A+Legacy+foundation+for+the+integration+of+America&rft.aulast=Mace&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akimoo.com%2F2013%2Fthe-economic-thinking-of-jose-marti-legacy-foundation-for-the-integration-of-america%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2000" class="citation web cs1">Hudson, Michael (15 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michael-hudson.com/2000/01/speech-to-the-communist-party-of-cuba/">"Speech to the Communist Party of Cuba"</a>. Retrieved 5 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+to+the+Communist+Party+of+Cuba&rft.date=2000-01-15&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmichael-hudson.com%2F2000%2F01%2Fspeech-to-the-communist-party-of-cuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> Lora, Ronald; Longton, William Henry, eds. (1999). The Conservative Press in Twentieth-century America. Greenwood Publishing, Inc. p. 310. "Thus, the Freeman was to speak for the great tradition of classical liberalism, which [Albert Jay Nock and Francis Nielson] were afraid was being lost, and for the economics of Henry George, which both men shared." </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris" class="citation web cs1">Norris, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213224036/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/norris-kathleen_errors-of-marxism-1940.html">"The Errors of Marxism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/norris-kathleen_errors-of-marxism-1940.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Errors+of+Marxism&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fnorris-kathleen_errors-of-marxism-1940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair" class="citation web cs1">Sinclair, Upton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://savingcommunities.org/docs/sinclair.upton/consequences.html">"The Consequences of Land Speculation are Tenantry and Debt on the Farms, and Slums and Luxury in the Cities"</a>. Retrieved 3 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Consequences+of+Land+Speculation+are+Tenantry+and+Debt+on+the+Farms%2C+and+Slums+and+Luxury+in+the+Cities&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Upton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsavingcommunities.org%2Fdocs%2Fsinclair.upton%2Fconsequences.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988">Sinclair was an active georgist but eventually gave up on explicitly advocating the reform because, "Our opponents, the great rich bankers and land speculators of California, persuaded the poor man that we were going to put all taxes on this poor man's lot." </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaffney" class="citation web cs1">Gaffney, Mason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicaleconomy.org/gaffney.htm">"Excerpts from The Corruption of Economics"</a>. Retrieved 3 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excerpts+from+The+Corruption+of+Economics&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicaleconomy.org%2Fgaffney.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBZXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA96">George Bernard Shaw, his life and works</a>. Stewart & Kidd Company. 1911 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Bernard+Shaw%2C+his+life+and+works&rft.pub=Stewart+%26+Kidd+Company&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBZXAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9jAfAQAAMAAJ&q=%22people+do+not+argue%22&pg=PA314">A Great Iniquity.</a>. Leo Tolstoy once said of George, "People do not argue with the teaching of George, they simply do not know it". </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebrun" class="citation web cs1">Lebrun, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001701/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/lebrun-victor_leo-tolstoy-and-henry-george-1966.html">"Leo Tolstoy and Henry George"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/lebrun-victor_leo-tolstoy-and-henry-george-1966.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leo+Tolstoy+and+Henry+George&rft.aulast=Lebrun&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Flebrun-victor_leo-tolstoy-and-henry-george-1966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr1997" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Kevin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dreamendurescali00star">The dream endures : California enters the 1940s</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195157970" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195157970"><bdi>978-0195157970</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+dream+endures+%3A+California+enters+the+1940s&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0195157970&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdreamendurescali00star&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Wood had "strong leanings toward the single-tax theory of Henry George". </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/c_e_s_wood/">"C.E.S. Wood (1852–1944)"</a>. The Oregon Encyclipedia. Retrieved 14 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.E.S.+Wood+%281852%E2%80%931944%29&rft.pub=The+Oregon+Encyclipedia&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonencyclopedia.org%2Farticles%2Fc_e_s_wood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEachran" class="citation web cs1">McEachran, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prosper.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Oz-History/Henry%20George%20and%20Karl%20Marx.PDF">"Henry George and Karl Marx"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+and+Karl+Marx&rft.aulast=McEachran&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prosper.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FOz-History%2FHenry%2520George%2520and%2520Karl%2520Marx.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEachran" class="citation web cs1">McEachran, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/archivelandliberty/Land+%26+Liberty+Magazine/Archive/1970s/Land+and+Liberty+1974-1975+-+81st+%26+82nd+Years/Issues/November-December+1975.pdf">"The Impotence of Men"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Impotence+of+Men&rft.aulast=McEachran&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com%2Farchivelandliberty%2FLand%2B%2526%2BLiberty%2BMagazine%2FArchive%2F1970s%2FLand%2Band%2BLiberty%2B1974-1975%2B-%2B81st%2B%2526%2B82nd%2BYears%2FIssues%2FNovember-December%2B1975.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunneen1981" class="citation web cs1">Cunneen, Chris (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/desmond-arthur-5963">"Arthur Desmond (c. 1859–1929)"</a>. Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography%2C+National+Centre+of+Biography&rft.atitle=Arthur+Desmond+%28c.+1859%E2%80%931929%29&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Cunneen&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fdesmond-arthur-5963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmond1890" class="citation journal cs1">Desmond, Arthur (May 1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ragnarredbeard.com/arthur-desmond-on-huxleys-criticism-of-henry-george">"Arthur Desmond on Huxley's Criticism of Henry George in the Nineteenth Century"</a>. New Zealand Monthly Review. II. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Monthly+Review&rft.atitle=Arthur+Desmond+on+Huxley%27s+Criticism+of+Henry+George+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=II&rft.date=1890-05&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ragnarredbeard.com%2Farthur-desmond-on-huxleys-criticism-of-henry-george&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley, William F. Jr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924094932/http://www.schalkenbach.org/firing_line/Buckly-Star.pdf">"Firing Line: Has New York Let Us Down?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, Robert Schalkenbach Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schalkenbach.org/firing_line/Buckly-Star.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Firing+Line%3A+Has+New+York+Let+Us+Down%3F&rft.pub=PBS%2C+Robert+Schalkenbach+Foundation&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=William+F.+Jr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schalkenbach.org%2Ffiring_line%2FBuckly-Star.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Buckley says, "The location problem is, of course, easily solved by any Georgist, and I am one." </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2009" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Jeffrey (2009). Hubert Harrison the voice of Harlem radicalism, 1883–1918. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231139113" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231139113"><bdi>978-0231139113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hubert+Harrison+the+voice+of+Harlem+radicalism%2C+1883%E2%80%931918&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0231139113&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry_George_and_Zionism-264">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_George_and_Zionism_264-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henry_George_and_Zionism_264-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSklar" class="citation web cs1">Sklar, Dusty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028225026/http://jewishcurrents.org/henry-george-zionism-32779">"Henry George and Zionism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishcurrents.org/henry-george-zionism-32779">the original</a> on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+and+Zionism&rft.aulast=Sklar&rft.aufirst=Dusty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishcurrents.org%2Fhenry-george-zionism-32779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley2012" class="citation news cs1">Kinsley, Michael (Jun 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101073039/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2012-06-13/inequality-it-s-even-worse-than-we-thought">"Inequality: It's Even Worse Than We Thought"</a>. Bloomberg. BloombergView. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2012-06-13/inequality-it-s-even-worse-than-we-thought">the original</a> on 2014-11-01. Retrieved 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inequality%3A+It%27s+Even+Worse+Than+We+Thought&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergview.com%2Farticles%2F2012-06-13%2Finequality-it-s-even-worse-than-we-thought&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsley" class="citation news cs1">Kinsley, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-19/the-capital-gains-tax-a-tragedy-in-two-acts.html">"The Capital-Gains Tax: A Tragedy in Two Acts"</a>. No. Dec 19, 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Capital-Gains+Tax%3A+A+Tragedy+in+Two+Acts&rft.issue=Dec+19%2C+2012&rft.aulast=Kinsley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-12-19%2Fthe-capital-gains-tax-a-tragedy-in-two-acts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988">Kinsley reiterates that George is his favorite economist and that land taxes are the best source of revenue. </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101010830/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/land-question_i-l.html">"The Land Question Quotations from Historical and Contemporary Sources"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/land-question_i-l.html">the original</a> on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Land+Question+Quotations+from+Historical+and+Contemporary+Sources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fland-question_i-l.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> In The New Republic (February 12, 1992) Kinsley advocates removing all taxes and collecting land rent instead. </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain1965" class="citation book cs1">Chamberlain, John (1965). Farewell To Reform. Quadrangle Books. pp. 47–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farewell+To+Reform&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Quadrangle+Books&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bernstein, David (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1861&context=mlr">"Lochner's Feminist Legacy"</a>. Michigan Law Review. 101 (6): 1960–1986. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3595339">10.2307/3595339</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3595339">3595339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Michigan+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Lochner%27s+Feminist+Legacy&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1960-1986&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3595339&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3595339%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.law.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1861%26context%3Dmlr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2014" class="citation news cs1">Matthews, Dylan (January 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/01/07/five-conservative-reforms-millennials-should-be-fighting-for/">"Five conservative reforms millennials should be fighting for"</a>. The Washington Post. Wonkblog. Retrieved 26 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Five+conservative+reforms+millennials+should+be+fighting+for&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fwonkblog%2Fwp%2F2014%2F01%2F07%2Ffive-conservative-reforms-millennials-should-be-fighting-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2013" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, Dylan [@dylanmatt] (20 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/dylanmatt/status/414149160775204864">"@Bencjacobs @mattyglesias I think we've both been Georgists for a while now, though @AshokRao95 led me to revisit this stuff"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%40Bencjacobs+%40mattyglesias+I+think+we%27ve+both+been+Georgists+for+a+while+now%2C+though+%40AshokRao95+led+me+to+revisit+this+stuff&rft.date=2013-12-20&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fdylanmatt%2Fstatus%2F414149160775204864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Dylan Matthews's verified account states, "I think we've both been Georgists for a while now." </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2006" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, R (2006). A commonwealth of hope : the New Deal response to crisis. Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801884061" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801884061"><bdi>978-0801884061</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+commonwealth+of+hope+%3A+the+New+Deal+response+to+crisis&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0801884061&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowry1958" class="citation book cs1">Mowry, George (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eraoftheodoreroo0000mowr">The era of Theodore Roosevelt and the birth of modern America, 1900–1912</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0061330223" title="Special:BookSources/978-0061330223"><bdi>978-0061330223</bdi></a>. <q>I conceded the voice of ultimate wisdom and saw in Henry George the apostle of a new gospel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+era+of+Theodore+Roosevelt+and+the+birth+of+modern+America%2C+1900%E2%80%931912&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0061330223&rft.aulast=Mowry&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feraoftheodoreroo0000mowr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> Riis, Jacob A. "The Unemployed: a Problem". (In Peters, John P., Labor and Capital, a chapter on "Socialism and the Single Tax", pp. 425-431. New York, 1902. 12°. Questions of the day, no. 98.) </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrows1999" class="citation book cs1">Burrows, Edwin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195140491">Gotham : a history of New York City to 1898</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195140491/page/1183">1183</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195140491" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195140491"><bdi>978-0195140491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gotham+%3A+a+history+of+New+York+City+to+1898&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1183&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0195140491&rft.aulast=Burrows&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195140491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalam2010" class="citation news cs1">Salam, Reihan (July 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/agenda/231111/property-taxes-reihan-salam">"On Property Taxes"</a>. 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Retrieved 17 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George%2C+our+hero+in+the+battle+for+the+right+%28Songs+of+the+Hutchinsons%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oocities.org%2Funclesamsfarm%2Fsongs%2Fhenrygeorge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/inne/hd_inne.htm">"George Inness (1825–1894)"</a>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 27 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Inness+%281825%E2%80%931894%29&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Finne%2Fhd_inne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchor2006" class="citation book cs1">Schor, Esther (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wIgji4llu_wC&q=emma%20lazarus%20progress%20and%20poverty&pg=PA116">Emma Lazarus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805242751" title="Special:BookSources/9780805242751"><bdi>9780805242751</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emma+Lazarus&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780805242751&rft.aulast=Schor&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwIgji4llu_wC%26q%3Demma%2520lazarus%2520progress%2520and%2520poverty%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Author of "The New Colossus", on the Statue of Liberty, and the poem "Progress and Poverty", named after George's book, of which she said, "The life and thought of no one capable of understanding it can be quite the same after reading it." </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeseroff2007" class="citation journal cs1">Peseroff, Joyce (March–April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-1341275061/emma-lazarus">"Emma Lazarus"</a>. Tikkun. 22 (2). Retrieved 20 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tikkun&rft.atitle=Emma+Lazarus&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2007-03%2F2007-04&rft.aulast=Peseroff&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fmagazine%2F1P3-1341275061%2Femma-lazarus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Lazarus "supported Henry George's single tax". </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzman" class="citation web cs1">Schwartzman, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224085337/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/schwartzman-jack_a-remembrance-of-anna-george-de-mille-and-agnes-de-mille-1993.html">"A Remembrance of Anna George de Mille and Agnes de Mille"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/schwartzman-jack_a-remembrance-of-anna-george-de-mille-and-agnes-de-mille-1993.html">the original</a> on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Remembrance+of+Anna+George+de+Mille+and+Agnes+de+Mille&rft.aulast=Schwartzman&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fschwartzman-jack_a-remembrance-of-anna-george-de-mille-and-agnes-de-mille-1993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman2010" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwjXltLIqRoC">Empire of Dreams: The Epic Life of Cecil B. DeMille</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 29, 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439180419" title="Special:BookSources/9781439180419"><bdi>9781439180419</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Dreams%3A+The+Epic+Life+of+Cecil+B.+DeMille&rft.pages=29%2C+47&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781439180419&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwjXltLIqRoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaston1996" class="citation book cs1">Easton, Carol (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/no_inter.htm">No Intermissions The Life of Agnes de Mille</a>. Da Capo Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Intermissions+The+Life+of+Agnes+de+Mille&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Fchap1%2Fno_inter.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouvish2008" class="citation book cs1">Louvish, Simon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rgWPLXuXhesC">Cecil B. DeMille: A Life in Art</a>. Macmillan. pp. 40, 249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312377335" title="Special:BookSources/9780312377335"><bdi>9780312377335</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cecil+B.+DeMille%3A+A+Life+in+Art&rft.pages=40%2C+249&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780312377335&rft.aulast=Louvish&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrgWPLXuXhesC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEyman2010" class="citation book cs1">Eyman, Scott (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwjXltLIqRoC">Empire of Dreams: The Epic Life of Cecil B. DeMille</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439180419" title="Special:BookSources/9781439180419"><bdi>9781439180419</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Dreams%3A+The+Epic+Life+of+Cecil+B.+DeMille&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781439180419&rft.aulast=Eyman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwjXltLIqRoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/neilson-francis_henry-george-the-scholar-1940.html">"Henry George, The Scholar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215751/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/neilson-francis_henry-george-the-scholar-1940.html">Archived</a> 2013-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – A Commencement Address Delivered by Francis Neilson at the Henry George School of Social Science, June 3, 1940. </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeilson1939" class="citation journal cs1">Neilson, Francis (September 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213045/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/neilson-francis_albert-jay-nock-on-henry-george.html">"Albert Jay Nock on Henry George – Truth Sets Men Free"</a>. The Freeman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/neilson-francis_albert-jay-nock-on-henry-george.html">the original</a> on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Freeman&rft.atitle=Albert+Jay+Nock+on+Henry+George+%E2%80%93+Truth+Sets+Men+Free&rft.date=1939-09&rft.aulast=Neilson&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fneilson-francis_albert-jay-nock-on-henry-george.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wmot.org/post/happy-birthday-eddie-palmieri-altlatino-helps-el-maestro-blow-out-81-candles">"Happy Birthday, Eddie Palmieri! Alt.Latino Helps El Maestro Blow Out 81 Candles"</a>. WMOT. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+Birthday%2C+Eddie+Palmieri%21+Alt.Latino+Helps+El+Maestro+Blow+Out+81+Candles&rft.pub=WMOT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwmot.org%2Fpost%2Fhappy-birthday-eddie-palmieri-altlatino-helps-el-maestro-blow-out-81-candles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> McQueen, Humphrey. A New Britannia. St. Lucia, Qld.: U of Queensland, 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills1911" class="citation journal cs1">Mills, Benjamin Fay (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1xw8AQAAMAAJ">"Louis Prang, Popularizer of Art"</a>. Vocations, Vocational Guidance, Hall & Locke Company. 10: 254. Retrieved 13 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vocations%2C+Vocational+Guidance%2C+Hall+%26+Locke+Company&rft.atitle=Louis+Prang%2C+Popularizer+of+Art&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=254&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Fay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1xw8AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2010" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Mark (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9KxJTJw2GE4C">Arden</a>. Arcadia Publishing. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738585598" title="Special:BookSources/9780738585598"><bdi>9780738585598</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arden&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780738585598&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9KxJTJw2GE4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shields-311"><a href="#cite_ref-Shields_311-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShields,_Jerry" class="citation web cs1">Shields, Jerry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnjreid.com/cdb/stephens.html#forgot">"Forgotten Writings of Arden's Frank Stephens"</a>. Collecting Delaware Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Writings+of+Arden%27s+Frank+Stephens&rft.pub=Collecting+Delaware+Books&rft.au=Shields%2C+Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnjreid.com%2Fcdb%2Fstephens.html%23forgot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wealthandwant.com/docs/Wright_HG%27s_Remedy.html">"Frank Lloyd Wright on Henry George's Remedy"</a>. Wealthandwant.com. Retrieved 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Lloyd+Wright+on+Henry+George%27s+Remedy&rft.pub=Wealthandwant.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wealthandwant.com%2Fdocs%2FWright_HG%2527s_Remedy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2004" class="citation book cs1">Carlson, Allan (2004). The New Agrarian Mind: The Movement Toward Decentralist Thought in Twentieth-Century America. Transaction Publishers. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Agrarian+Mind%3A+The+Movement+Toward+Decentralist+Thought+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilagiFaulkner1993" class="citation journal cs1">Silagi, M.; Faulkner, S. (1993). "Henry George and Europe: Early Efforts to Organize Germany's Land Reformers Failed, but the Pioneers Won a National Demonstration". The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 52 (1): 119–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1993.tb02753.x">10.1111/j.1536-7150.1993.tb02753.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3487644">3487644</a>. <q>The meeting was chaired by the materialist philosopher Ludwig Biichner. He was an admirer of Henry George and had been won over to the [land reform] movement by Fliirscheim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=Henry+George+and+Europe%3A+Early+Efforts+to+Organize+Germany%27s+Land+Reformers+Failed%2C+but+the+Pioneers+Won+a+National+Demonstration&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119-127&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1993.tb02753.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3487644%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Silagi&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtenheim1934" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Buttenheim, Harold S. (March 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1706&context=lcp">"The Relation of Housing to Taxation"</a>. Law and Contemporary Problems. 1, No. 2 (Low-Cost Housing and Slum Clearance: A Symposium): 198–205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1189565">10.2307/1189565</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1189565">1189565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+and+Contemporary+Problems&rft.atitle=The+Relation+of+Housing+to+Taxation&rft.volume=1%2C+No.+2&rft.issue=Low-Cost+Housing+and+Slum+Clearance%3A+A+Symposium&rft.pages=198-205&rft.date=1934-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1189565&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1189565%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Buttenheim&rft.aufirst=Harold+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.duke.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1706%26context%3Dlcp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Nicholas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213224031/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/butler-nicholas-murray_progress-and-poverty-1931-01.pdf">"Progress and Poverty"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 19 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=from%3A+The+Earl+Russel%2C+O.M.%2C+F.R.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Frussell-bertrand_admiration-for-henry-george-1960.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Letter addressed to a Mr. Krumreig </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> Vallentyne, Peter. Left-libertarianism: A Primer. In Vallentyne, Peter; Steiner, Hillel (2000). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klinechair.missouri.edu/docs/ll_primer.pdf">Left-libertarianism and Its Critics: The Contemporary Debate</a>". Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Publishers Ltd. "Georgist libertarians—such as eponymous George (1879, 1892), Steiner (1977, 1980, 1981, 1992, 1994), and Tideman (1991, 1997, 1998)—hold that agents may appropriate unappropriated natural resources as long as they pay for the competitive value of the rights they claim." </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> Yarvin, Curtis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unqualified-reservations.org/2007/05/good-government-as-good-customer">Good government as good customer service</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> Yarvin, Curtis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unqualified-reservations.org/2007/08/against-political-freedom">Against political freedom</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wealthandwant.com/docs/King_Where.htm">"Martin Luther King, Jr: Where Do We Go From Here? 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State University of New York Press. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438422565" title="Special:BookSources/9781438422565"><bdi>9781438422565</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Louis+D.+Brandeis&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9781438422565&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAN5zRPO2OCgC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105024602/http://www.progress.org/geonomy/Earth.html">"101+ Famous Thinkers on Owning Earth"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progress.org/geonomy/Earth.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=101%2B+Famous+Thinkers+on+Owning+Earth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.progress.org%2Fgeonomy%2FEarth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Brandeis said, "I find it very difficult to disagree with the principles of Henry George... I believe in the taxation of land values only." </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> How to Abolish Unfair Taxation: An Address Before a Los Angeles Audience, Delivered March 1913 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rlOFHAAACAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=rlOFHAAACAAJ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarrow" class="citation web cs1">Darrow, Clarence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060133/http://darrow.law.umn.edu/documents/Land_Belongs_to_People_Everyman_Darrow_1916.pdf">"The Land Belongs To The People"</a> (PDF). www.umn.edu. Everyman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darrow.law.umn.edu/documents/Land_Belongs_to_People_Everyman_Darrow_1916.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.umn.edu&rft.atitle=The+Land+Belongs+To+The+People&rft.aulast=Darrow&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarrow.law.umn.edu%2Fdocuments%2FLand_Belongs_to_People_Everyman_Darrow_1916.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Centre for Incentive Taxation". <a href="/wiki/Land%26Liberty" title="Land&Liberty">Land&Liberty</a>. 20 (4). August 1994. <q>Darrow replied about Georgism, "Well, you either come to it or go broke."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land%26Liberty&rft.atitle=The+Centre+for+Incentive+Taxation&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1994-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/einstein-albert_letters-to-anna-george-demille-1934.html">Two letters written in 1934 to Henry George's daughter, Anna George De Mille</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412105846/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/einstein-albert_letters-to-anna-george-demille-1934.html">Archived</a> 12 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In one letter Einstein writes, "The spreading of these works is a really deserving cause, for our generation especially has many and important things to learn from Henry George." </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElazar1955" class="citation news cs1">Elazar, Daniel (February 4, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/49968352/">"Earth Is the Lord's"</a>. Newspapers.com. The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 23 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Earth+Is+the+Lord%27s&rft.date=1955-02-04&rft.aulast=Elazar&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fnewspage%2F49968352%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1942" class="citation news cs1">Wilhelm, Donald (September 5, 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324142749/http://wealthandwant.com/docs/unindexed/FordH_1942.htm">"Henry Ford Talks About War and Your Future"</a>. Liberty Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wealthandwant.com/docs/unindexed/FordH_1942.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Henry+Ford+Talks+About+War+and+Your+Future&rft.date=1942-09-05&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwealthandwant.com%2Fdocs%2Funindexed%2FFordH_1942.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Henry Ford says that "every American family can have a piece of land. We ought to tax all idle land the way Henry George said—tax it heavily, so that its owners would have to make it productive." </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCallum1997" class="citation journal cs1">MacCallum, Spencer H. (Summer–Fall 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030071512/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/maccallum-spencer_alternative-georgist-tradition-1997-02.pdf">"The Alternative Georgist Tradition"</a> (PDF). Fragments. 35. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/maccallum-spencer_alternative-georgist-tradition-1997-02.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fragments&rft.atitle=The+Alternative+Georgist+Tradition&rft.chron=summer%E2%80%93fall&rft.volume=35&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=MacCallum&rft.aufirst=Spencer+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fmaccallum-spencer_alternative-georgist-tradition-1997-02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoldvary2004" class="citation journal cs1">Foldvary, Fred E. (April 2004). "Heath: Estranged Georgist". American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 63 (2): 411–431. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0002-9246.2004.00295.x">10.1111/j.0002-9246.2004.00295.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=Heath%3A+Estranged+Georgist&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=411-431&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0002-9246.2004.00295.x&rft.aulast=Foldvary&rft.aufirst=Fred+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070806130249/http://www.henrygeorge.org/mumia.htm">"Justice for Mumia Abu-Jamal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/mumia.htm">the original</a> on August 6, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justice+for+Mumia+Abu-Jamal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.henrygeorge.org%2Fmumia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2013" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Margrit (11 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nSUKPV6BD0">"Money & The Land Grab"</a>. Share the Rents. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/6nSUKPV6BD0">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2013 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Money+%26+The+Land+Grab&rft.pub=Share+the+Rents&rft.date=2013-12-11&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Margrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6nSUKPV6BD0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLincoln" class="citation web cs1">Lincoln, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111525/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/lincoln-john_fighting-for-fundamentals-1928.html">"Fighting For Fundamentals"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/lincoln-john_fighting-for-fundamentals-1928.html">the original</a> on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fighting+For+Fundamentals&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Flincoln-john_fighting-for-fundamentals-1928.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> Magie invented <a href="/wiki/The_Landlord%27s_Game" title="The Landlord's Game">The Landlord's Game</a>, predecessor to <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson" class="citation web cs1">Dodson, Edward J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/dodson_on_monopoly.htm">"How Henry George's Principles Were Corrupted Into the Game Called Monopoly"</a>. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Henry+George%27s+Principles+Were+Corrupted+Into+the+Game+Called+Monopoly&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.henrygeorge.org%2Fdodson_on_monopoly.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaffney" class="citation web cs1">Gaffney, Mason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masongaffney.org/publications/K18George_McGlynn_and_Leo_XIII.pdf">"Henry George Dr. Edward McGlynn & Pope Leo XIII"</a> (PDF). Retrieved 25 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+Dr.+Edward+McGlynn+%26+Pope+Leo+XIII&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masongaffney.org%2Fpublications%2FK18George_McGlynn_and_Leo_XIII.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9904E3D71738E033A2575BC0A9639C946897D6CF">"Offers $250,000 For a Single Tax Campaign: Joseph Fels Pledges That Sum for Five Years Here and in England. If There Is An Equal Fund Commission of Single Taxers Formed to Raise the Fund – Roosevelt, Taft, and Hughes Said to be Friendly"</a>. The New York Times. New York Times. May 8, 1909. Retrieved 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Offers+%24250%2C000+For+a+Single+Tax+Campaign%3A+Joseph+Fels+Pledges+That+Sum+for+Five+Years+Here+and+in+England.+If+There+Is+An+Equal+Fund+Commission+of+Single+Taxers+Formed+to+Raise+the+Fund+%E2%80%93+Roosevelt%2C+Taft%2C+and+Hughes+Said+to+be+Friendly.&rft.date=1909-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9904E3D71738E033A2575BC0A9639C946897D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPost2002" class="citation book cs1">Post, Louis F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fKqUMrsNcbsC">The Prophet of San Francisco: Personal Memories & Interpretations of Henry George</a>. The Minerva Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898758337" title="Special:BookSources/9780898758337"><bdi>9780898758337</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet+of+San+Francisco%3A+Personal+Memories+%26+Interpretations+of+Henry+George&rft.pub=The+Minerva+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780898758337&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=Louis+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfKqUMrsNcbsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuell1974" class="citation book cs1">Buell, Thomas B. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O09FRikxjhMC">The Quiet Warrior</a>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870215629" title="Special:BookSources/9780870215629"><bdi>9780870215629</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quiet+Warrior&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780870215629&rft.aulast=Buell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO09FRikxjhMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B10FF385512738FDDAF0994DC405B868DF1D3">"American Single Taxers Invade Tiny Andorra; Fiske Warren Carries Their Gospel to the Republic Hidden for Twelve Centuries in the Pyrenees Between France and Spain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. April 16, 1916. Retrieved 9 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=American+Single+Taxers+Invade+Tiny+Andorra%3B+Fiske+Warren+Carries+Their+Gospel+to+the+Republic+Hidden+for+Twelve+Centuries+in+the+Pyrenees+Between+France+and+Spain&rft.date=1916-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF10B10FF385512738FDDAF0994DC405B868DF1D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair" class="citation web cs1">Sinclair, Upton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://savingcommunities.org/docs/sinclair.upton/consequences.html">"The Consequences of Land Speculation are Tenantry and Debt on the Farms, and Slums and Luxury in the Cities"</a>. Retrieved 29 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Consequences+of+Land+Speculation+are+Tenantry+and+Debt+on+the+Farms%2C+and+Slums+and+Luxury+in+the+Cities&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Upton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsavingcommunities.org%2Fdocs%2Fsinclair.upton%2Fconsequences.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1990" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Buder (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=evBdKUyXY7UC">Visionaries and Planners: The Garden City Movement and the Modern Community</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195362886" title="Special:BookSources/9780195362886"><bdi>9780195362886</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visionaries+and+Planners%3A+The+Garden+City+Movement+and+the+Modern+Community&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780195362886&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Buder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevBdKUyXY7UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> Wallace described Progress and Poverty as "Undoubtedly the most remarkable and important book of the present century." </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudden1971" class="citation book cs1">Dudden, Arthur (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/josephfelssingle00dudd">Joseph Fels and the single tax movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877220107" title="Special:BookSources/9780877220107"><bdi>9780877220107</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Fels+and+the+single+tax+movement&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780877220107&rft.aulast=Dudden&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjosephfelssingle00dudd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.fattail.com.au/vivienne-westwood-and-her-cure-for-the-boom-bust-cycle/20230103/">"Vivienne Westwood and Her Cure for the Boom/Bust Cycle"</a>. 3 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vivienne+Westwood+and+Her+Cure+for+the+Boom%2FBust+Cycle&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.fattail.com.au%2Fvivienne-westwood-and-her-cure-for-the-boom-bust-cycle%2F20230103%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltman2024" class="citation web cs1">Altman, Sam (25 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moores.samaltman.com/">"Moore's Law for Everything"</a>. Moore's law for everything. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425042625/https://moores.samaltman.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024. <q>The concept is widely supported by economists. The value of land appreciates because of the work society does around it: the network effects of the companies operating around a piece of land, the public transportation that makes it accessible, and the nearby restaurants, coffeeshops, and access to nature that makes it desirable. Because the landowner didn't do all that work, it's fair for that value to be shared with the larger society that did.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moore%27s+law+for+everything&rft.atitle=Moore%27s+Law+for+Everything&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoores.samaltman.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqnnXhoj0AA">"Vitalik Buterin on Georgism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 27 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Vitalik+Buterin+on+Georgism&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDqnnXhoj0AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorgism" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_navbox" title="Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Property_navbox" title="Template talk:Property navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Property_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Property navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Property" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By owner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_land" title="Communal land">Communal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_property" title="Community property">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unowned_property" title="Unowned property">Unowned</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croft_(land)" title="Croft (land)">Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_in_land" title="Estate in land">Estate (landed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_property" title="Intangible property">Intangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">indigenous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangible_property" title="Tangible property">Tangible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_land" title="Common land">Common land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common-pool_resource" title="Common-pool resource">Common-pool resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_commons_(economics)" title="Digital commons (economics)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_commons" title="Global commons">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_commons" title="Information commons">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_of_rights" title="Bundle of rights">Bundle of rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_commodities" title="Fictitious commodities">fictitious commodities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_(economics)" title="Common good (economics)">Common good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excludability" title="Excludability">Excludability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_possession_theory_of_property" title="First possession theory of property">First possession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_appropriation" title="Original appropriation">appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead principle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-rider_problem" title="Free-rider problem">Free-rider problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_theory" title="Game theory">Game theory</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_rent" title="Law of rent">Law of rent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rent-seeking" title="Rent-seeking">rent-seeking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">primogeniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufruct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_property_rights" title="Women's property rights">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)" title="Rivalry (economics)">Rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">anticommons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">Acequia (watercourse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido">Ejido (agrarian land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">Estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_estate" title="Literary estate">literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">Forest types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerta" title="Huerta">Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">Inheritance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_law" title="Property law">Property law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienation_(property_law)" title="Alienation (property law)">alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easement" title="Easement">easement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restraint_on_alienation" title="Restraint on alienation">restraint on alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(property)" title="Title (property)">title</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rights" title="Air rights">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scheduled_Tribes_and_Other_Traditional_Forest_Dwellers_(Recognition_of_Forest_Rights)_Act,_2006" title="The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006">Forest-dwelling (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_to_roam" title="Freedom to roam">Freedom to roam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazing_rights" title="Grazing rights">Grazing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannage" title="Pannage">pannage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_law#Land_rights" title="Land law">Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title" title="Aboriginal title">aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_rights" title="Littoral rights">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">Mineral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergregal" title="Bergregal">Bergregal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">Right of way (transit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(property_access)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (property access)">Right of way (property access)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prior-appropriation_water_rights" title="Prior-appropriation water rights">prior-appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_water_rights" title="Riparian water rights">riparian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accumulation_by_dispossession" title="Accumulation by dispossession">Disposession</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">biopiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collectivization in the Soviet Union">Collectivization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">Enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriation">Expropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhud" title="Farhud">Farhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">Forced migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_transfer" title="Population transfer">population transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">repatriation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">Illegal logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Back" title="Land Back">Land Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_plunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal plunder">Legal plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_taking" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory taking">Regulatory taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_buying" title="Bride buying">bride buying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a></li> <li>spousal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Husband-selling">husband-selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">wife selling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> 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href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Hardin" title="Garrett Hardin">Garrett Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">David Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mauss" title="Marcel Mauss">Marcel Mauss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Gift_(essay)" title="The Gift (essay)">The Gift</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom" title="Elinor Ostrom">Elinor Ostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book)" title="The Great Transformation (book)">The Great Transformation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">What Is Property?</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray N. Rothbard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Template:Schools of economic thought"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Template talk:Schools of economic thought"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools of economic thought"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schools_of_economic_thought" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_economic_thought" title="Schools of economic thought">Schools of economic thought</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_economic_thought" title="Ancient economic thought">Ancient schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Medieval Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_philosophy" title="Early modern philosophy">Early modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameralism" title="Cameralism">Cameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_modern_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Late modern philosophy">Late modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American (National)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_School_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham School (economics)">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_economics" title="Ricardian economics">Ricardian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_historical_school_of_economics" title="English historical school of economics">English historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_liberal_school" title="French liberal school">French liberal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_school_of_economics" title="Historical school of economics">German historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Liberalism" title="Manchester Liberalism">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Marxian critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne_School" title="Lausanne School">Lausanne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary (20th and 21st centuries)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability_approach" title="Capability approach">Capability approach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_School" title="Carnegie School">Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">Modern Monetary Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_economics" title="Constitutional economics">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_School_of_Economics" title="Kraków School of Economics">Cracovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disequilibrium_macroeconomics" title="Disequilibrium macroeconomics">Disequilibrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_school" title="Freiburg school">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_synthesis" title="Neoclassical synthesis">Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_circuit_theory" title="Monetary circuit theory">Circuitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_Keynesianism#Heterodoxy_and_Keynes–Marx_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism and Keynesianism">Keynes–Marx synthesis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Malthusianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Malthusianism">Neo-Malthusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Marxian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Marxian economics">Neo-Marxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ricardianism" title="Neo-Ricardianism">Neo-Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Schumpeterian_economics" title="Neo-Schumpeterian economics">Neo-Schumpeterian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_classical_macroeconomics" title="New classical macroeconomics">New classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rational_expectations" title="Rational expectations">Rational expectations theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_business-cycle_theory" title="Real business-cycle theory">Real business-cycle theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_neoclassical_synthesis" title="New neoclassical synthesis">New neoclassical synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_economics" title="Organizational economics">Organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_school" title="Regulation school">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltwater_and_freshwater_economics" title="Saltwater and freshwater economics">Saltwater/freshwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_school_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm school (economics)">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralist_economics" title="Structuralist economics">Structuralist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy_movement" title="Technocracy movement">Technocracy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoeconomics" title="Thermoeconomics">Thermoeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_school_of_political_economy" title="Virginia school of political economy">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">History of economic 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