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mw-first-heading"><i>Progress and Poverty</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremskridt_og_Fattigdom" title="Fremskridt og Fattigdom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fremskridt og Fattigdom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortschritt_und_Armut" title="Fortschritt und Armut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fortschritt und Armut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_ja_vaesus" title="Progress ja vaesus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Progress ja vaesus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%A6%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πρόοδος και Φτώχεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόοδος και Φτώχεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progreso_y_Pobreza" title="Progreso y Pobreza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Progreso y Pobreza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progr%C3%A8s_et_Pauvret%C3%A9" title="Progrès et Pauvreté – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Progrès et Pauvreté" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EC%99%80_%EB%B9%88%EA%B3%A4" title="진보와 빈곤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진보와 빈곤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napredak_i_siroma%C5%A1tvo" title="Napredak i siromaštvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napredak i siromaštvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Progress and Poverty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framfarir_og_f%C3%A1t%C3%A6kt" title="Framfarir og fátækt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Framfarir og fátækt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progresso_e_povert%C3%A0" title="Progresso e povertà – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Progresso e povertà" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="קידמה ועוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קידמה ועוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Progress and Poverty" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halad%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_szeg%C3%A9nys%C3%A9g" title="Haladás és szegénység – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haladás és szegénység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vooruitgang_en_Armoede" title="Vooruitgang en Armoede – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vooruitgang en Armoede" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremskridt_og_Fattigdom" title="Fremskridt og Fattigdom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fremskridt og Fattigdom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progresso_e_Pobreza" title="Progresso e Pobreza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Progresso e Pobreza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progres_%C8%99i_s%C4%83r%C4%83cie" title="Progres și sărăcie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Progres și sărăcie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Прогресс и бедность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прогресс и бедность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Progress and Poverty" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edistys_ja_k%C3%B6yhyys" title="Edistys ja köyhyys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edistys ja köyhyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fram%C3%A5tskridandet_och_fattigdomen" title="Framåtskridandet och fattigdomen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Framåtskridandet och fattigdomen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">1879 book by Henry George</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Progress and Poverty <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progress+and+Poverty&rft.author=%5B%5BHenry+George%5D%5D&rft.date=1879&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=406&rft_id=info:oclcnum/3051331"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Progress_and_Poverty_(1881_edition).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Progress_and_Poverty_%281881_edition%29.jpg/220px-Progress_and_Poverty_%281881_edition%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Progress_and_Poverty_%281881_edition%29.jpg/330px-Progress_and_Poverty_%281881_edition%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Progress_and_Poverty_%281881_edition%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="737" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page for <i>Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy</i> (1881 edition)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subjects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_policy" title="Tax policy">tax policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1879</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">406</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59605-951-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-59605-951-6">1-59605-951-6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3051331">3051331</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty_(George)" class="extiw" title="s:Progress and Poverty (George)">Progress and Poverty</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy</b></i> is an 1879 book by social theorist and economist <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>. It is a treatise on the questions of why poverty accompanies economic and technological <a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">progress</a> and why economies exhibit a tendency toward <a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">cyclical boom and bust</a>. George uses history and <a href="/wiki/Deductive_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Deductive logic">deductive logic</a> to argue for a radical solution focusing on the capture of <a href="/wiki/Economic_rent" title="Economic rent">economic rent</a> from natural resource and land titles. </p> <p><i>Progress and Poverty</i>, George's first book, sold several million copies,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming one of the highest selling books of the late 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It helped spark the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> and a worldwide social reform movement around an ideology now known as <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a>, for example, explicitly marks the beginning of the Progressive Era awakening as 1879 because of the date of this publication.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Princeton historian <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Goldman" title="Eric F. Goldman">Eric F. Goldman</a> wrote this about the influence of <i>Progress and Poverty</i>: </p><blockquote><p>For some years prior to 1952 I was working on a history of American reform and over and over again my research ran into this fact: an enormous number of men and women, strikingly different people, men and women who were to lead 20th century America in a dozen fields of humane activity, wrote or told someone that their whole thinking had been redirected by reading <i>Progress and Poverty</i> in their formative years. In this respect no other book came anywhere near comparable influence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i>Progress and Poverty</i> had perhaps even a larger impact around the world, in places such as <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, where George's influence was enormous.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary sources and historians claim that in the United Kingdom, a vast majority of both socialist and <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> activists could trace their ideological development to Henry George. George's popularity was more than a passing phase; even by 1906, a survey of British parliamentarians revealed that the American author's writing was more popular than <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a> estimated that <i>Progress and Poverty</i> "had a wider distribution than almost all other books on political economy put together."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Progress and Poverty</i> seeks to explain why <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> exists notwithstanding widespread advances in technology and even where there is a concentration of great <a href="/wiki/Wealth_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth (economics)">wealth</a> such as in cities. </p><p>George saw how technological and social advances (including education and public services) increased the value of land (natural resources, urban locations, etc.) and, thus, the amount of wealth that can be demanded by the owners of land from those who need the use of land. In other words: the better the public services, the higher the rent is (as more people value that land). The tendency of speculators to increase the price of land faster than wealth can be produced to pay has the result of lowering the amount of wealth left over for labor to claim in wages, and finally leads to the collapse of enterprises at the margin, with a ripple effect that becomes a serious business depression entailing widespread unemployment, foreclosures, etc. </p><p>In <i>Progress and Poverty</i>, George examines various proposed strategies to prevent business depressions, unemployment and <a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">poverty</a>, but finds them unsatisfactory. As an alternative he proposes his own solution: a <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">single tax on land values</a>. George defines <a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">land</a> as "all natural materials, forces, and opportunities", as everything "that is freely supplied by nature". George's primary fiscal tool was a <a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">land value tax</a> on the annual value of land held as private property. It would be high enough to end other taxes, especially upon labor and production, to provide limitless beneficial public investment in services such as transportation, since public investment is reflected in land value, and to provide <a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">social services</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">basic income</a>. George argued that a land value tax would give landowners an incentive to use well located land in a productive way, thereby increasing demand for labor and creating wealth. This shift in the bargaining balance between resource owners and laborers would raise the general level of wages and ensure no one need suffer poverty. A land value tax would, among other things, also end <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, tenant farming, <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>, and the cultivation of low value <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monoculture</a> on high value land. </p><p>Soon after its publication, over three million copies of <i>Progress and Poverty</i> were bought, exceeding all other books written in the English language except the Bible during the 1890s. By 1936, it had been translated into thirteen languages and at least six million copies had been sold.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has now been translated into dozens of languages.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excerpts">Excerpts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Excerpts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following excerpt represents the crux of George's argument and view of <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Take now ... some hard-headed business man, who has no theories, but knows how to make money. Say to him: "Here is a little village; in ten years it will be a great city—in ten years the railroad will have taken the place of the stage coach, the electric light of the candle; it will abound with all the machinery and improvements that so enormously multiply the effective power of labor. Will in ten years, interest be any higher?" </p><p>He will tell you, "No!" </p><p>"Will the wages of common labor be any higher; will it be easier for a man who has nothing but his labor to make an independent living?" </p><p>He will tell you, "No; the wages of common labor will not be any higher; on the contrary, all the chances are that they will be lower; it will not be easier for the mere laborer to make an independent living; the chances are that it will be harder." </p><p>"What, then, will be higher?" </p><p>"Rent, the value of land. Go, get yourself a piece of ground, and hold possession." </p><p> And if, under such circumstances, you take his advice, you need do nothing more. You may sit down and smoke your pipe; you may lie around like the <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">lazzaroni</i></span> of Naples or the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">leperos</i></span> of Mexico; you may go up in a balloon or down a hole in the ground; and without doing one stroke of work, without adding one iota of wealth to the community, in ten years you will be rich! In the new city you may have a luxurious mansion, but among its public buildings will be an almshouse.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Book V, Chapter II: "The persistence of poverty amidst advancing wealth"</cite></div></blockquote> <p>An often-cited passage from <i>Progress and Poverty</i> is "The Unbound Savannah", in which George discusses how the building of a community increases the value of land.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_recognition">Notable recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing <i>Progress and Poverty</i>, George accurately wrote to his father: "It will not be recognized at first—maybe not for some time—but it will ultimately be considered a great book, will be published in both hemispheres, and be translated into different languages. This I know, though neither of us may ever see it here."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a> wrote, "<i>Progress and Poverty</i> is not so much a book as an event. The life and thought of no one capable of understanding it can be quite the same after reading it", and even that reading it would prevent such a person, who also "prized justice or common honesty", from being able to ever again "dine or sleep or read or work in peace". Many famous figures with diverse ideologies, such as <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, mark their first encounters with <i>Progress and Poverty</i> as literally life-changing experiences. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_Holmes" title="John Haynes Holmes">John Haynes Holmes</a> wrote, "My reading of Henry George's immortal masterpiece marked an epoch in my life. All my thought upon the social question and all my work for social reform began with the reading of this book".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He knew of "nothing more touching, in all the range of our American literature".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holmes also said that "<i>Progress and Poverty</i> was the most closely knit, fascinating and convincing specimen of argumentation that, I believe, ever sprang from the mind of man."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, during the Great Depression, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Norris" title="George W. Norris">George W. Norris</a> entered an abridged version of <i>Progress and Poverty</i> into the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a> and later commented that an excerpt from the book was "one of the most beautiful things" that he "ever read on the preciousness of human liberty".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some readers have found George's reasoning so compelling that they report being unwillingly forced into agreement. <a href="/wiki/Tom_L._Johnson" title="Tom L. Johnson">Tom L. Johnson</a>, a streetcar monopolist and future progressive reformer, read and reread <i>Progress and Poverty</i>, finally requesting assistance from his business associates to find flaws in George's reasoning. Johnson took the book to his lawyer and said, "I must get out of the business, or prove that this book is wrong. Here, Russell, is a retainer of five hundred dollars [about $17,000 in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>]. I want you to read this book and give me your honest opinion on it, as you would on a legal question. Treat this retainer as you would a fee."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Frank Chodorov</a>, a pacifist libertarian of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">American 'old right'</a>, claims to have read <i>Progress and Poverty</i> many times, and almost constantly for six months straight, before finally accepting George's conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literary critic <a href="/wiki/Horace_Traubel" title="Horace Traubel">Horace Traubel</a> wrote that "George died in the charge of battle. But his book is battle spared. It has been in all battles and has survived all. Antagonism no longer has surprises for it."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wicksteed" title="Philip Wicksteed">Philip Wicksteed</a> wrote that <i>Progress and Poverty</i> had opened "a new heaven and a new earth"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that it was "by far the most important work in its social consequences that our generation or century [1882] has seen".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> later echoed this opinion when hailing <i>Progress and Poverty</i> as "undoubtedly the most remarkable and important book of the present century", placing it even above <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a> said that <i>Progress and Poverty</i> was the first economics book he read, because Henry George "was famous in those days" and "influenced a lot of us in economics". Becker also said that the book was wonderful and had a lasting impact on his thinking.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Tolstoy" title="Ilya Tolstoy">Ilya Tolstoy</a> said that the book was a revelation to his father.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Simon_U%27Ren" title="William Simon U'Ren">William Simon U'Ren</a> wrote that he "went to Honolulu to die", but that a chance encounter with <i>Progress and Poverty</i> gave him a sense of purpose and renewed his desire to live. U'Ren went on to become a pioneering reformer of municipal elections and activist for direct democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Darrow" title="Clarence Darrow">Clarence Darrow</a> wrote that he had "found a new political gospel that bade fair to bring about the social equality and opportunity that has always been the dream of the idealist".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bard_Field" title="Sara Bard Field">Sara Bard Field</a> wrote that <i>Progress and Poverty</i> was "the first great book I ever encountered", for how it impacted her thinking on poverty and wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> wrote this about his impression of <i>Progress and Poverty</i>: "Men like Henry George are rare unfortunately. One cannot imagine a more beautiful combination of intellectual keenness, artistic form and fervent love of justice. Every line is written as if for our generation."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Classics Club edition forward, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kieran" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kieran">John F. Kieran</a> wrote that "no student in that field [economics] should be allowed to speak above a whisper or write above three lines on the general subject until he has read and digested <i>Progress and Poverty</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kieran also later listed <i>Progress and Poverty</i> as one of his favorite books.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kinsley" title="Michael Kinsley">Michael Kinsley</a> wrote that it is "the greatest economic treatise ever written".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After reading selections of <i>Progress and Poverty</i>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a> wrote of finding "in Henry George's philosophy a rare beauty and power of inspiration, and a splendid faith in the essential nobility of human nature".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This is George's book, not Keller's. Did she write a foreword for this edition or something? If so, cite it specifically (August 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Father <a href="/wiki/Edward_McGlynn" title="Edward McGlynn">Edward McGlynn</a>, one of the most prominent and controversial Catholic priests of the time, was quoted as saying, "That book is the work of a sage, of a seer, of a philosopher, of a poet. It is not merely political philosophy. It is a poem; it is a prophecy; it is a prayer."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among many famous people who asserted that it was impossible to refute George on the land question were <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>. Tolstoy and Dewey, especially, dedicated much of their lives to spreading <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">George's ideas</a>. Tolstoy was preaching about the ideas in <i>Progress and Poverty</i> on his death bed.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 1946 foreword to <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i>, Aldous Huxley writes "If I were to rewrite the book, I would offer the Savage ... the possibility of sanity ... where community economics would be decentralist and Henry-Georgian". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Theorem">Henry George Theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">History of economic thought</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1876-1900/excerpt-from-henry-george-progress-and-poverty-1879.php">"American History: Excerpt from Henry George Progress and Poverty 1879"</a>. <i>University of Groningen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Groningen&rft.atitle=American+History%3A+Excerpt+from+Henry+George+Progress+and+Poverty+1879&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.let.rug.nl%2Fusa%2Fdocuments%2F1876-1900%2Fexcerpt-from-henry-george-progress-and-poverty-1879.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett1945" class="citation book cs1">Hackett, Alice (1945). <i>Fifty Years of Best Sellers, 1895 - 1945</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=R.R._Bowker_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R.R. Bowker Co (page does not exist)">R.R. Bowker Co</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+of+Best+Sellers%2C+1895+-+1945&rft.pub=R.R.+Bowker+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoble" class="citation web cs1">Noble, Barnes &. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/progress-and-poverty-henry-george/1101426083">"Progress and Poverty|Paperback"</a>. <i>Barnes & Noble</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.atitle=Progress+and+Poverty%7CPaperback&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Barnes+%26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnesandnoble.com%2Fw%2Fprogress-and-poverty-henry-george%2F1101426083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick1976" class="citation book cs1">Frederick, Peter (1976). <i>Knights of the Golden Rule the Intellectual as Christian Social Reformer in the 1890s</i>. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813152313" title="Special:BookSources/0813152313"><bdi>0813152313</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+of+the+Golden+Rule+the+Intellectual+as+Christian+Social+Reformer+in+the+1890s&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0813152313&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513073711/http://www.earthrights.net/wg/q-about-george.html">"Quotes: Notables on Henry George"</a>. Earth Rights Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthrights.net/wg/q-about-george.html#_E._F._Goldman">the original</a> on 2016-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quotes%3A+Notables+on+Henry+George&rft.pub=Earth+Rights+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthrights.net%2Fwg%2Fq-about-george.html%23_E._F._Goldman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoast2008" class="citation book cs1">Boast, Richard (2008). <i>Buying the land, selling the land : governments and Maori land in the North Island 1865–1921</i>. Wellington N.Z.: Victoria University Press, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Wellington" title="Victoria University of Wellington">Victoria University of Wellington</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864735614" title="Special:BookSources/9780864735614"><bdi>9780864735614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buying+the+land%2C+selling+the+land+%3A+governments+and+Maori+land+in+the+North+Island+1865%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Wellington+N.Z.&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press%2C+Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780864735614&rft.aulast=Boast&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2010" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Jonathan (2010). <i>The intellectual life of the British working classes</i>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300153651" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300153651"><bdi>978-0300153651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+intellectual+life+of+the+British+working+classes&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0300153651&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewey" class="citation web cs1">Dewey, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lvtfan.typepad.com/lvtfans_blog/2015/07/john-deweys-foreword-to-geigers-the-philosophy-of-henry-george.html">"John Dewey's Foreword to Geiger's "The Philosophy of Henry George" (1933)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Dewey%27s+Foreword+to+Geiger%27s+%22The+Philosophy+of+Henry+George%22+%281933%29&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flvtfan.typepad.com%2Flvtfans_blog%2F2015%2F07%2Fjohn-deweys-foreword-to-geigers-the-philosophy-of-henry-george.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHecht" class="citation web cs1">Hecht, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030133933/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/hecht-charles_e-haldeman-julius-a-confused-economist-1934.html">"E. Haldeman-Julius A Confused Economist"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/hecht-charles_e-haldeman-julius-a-confused-economist-1934.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.+Haldeman-Julius+A+Confused+Economist&rft.aulast=Hecht&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fhecht-charles_e-haldeman-julius-a-confused-economist-1934.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/pintro.htm">"Progress and Poverty, Prefaces"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311165008/http://www.henrygeorge.org/pintro.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progress+and+Poverty%2C+Prefaces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.henrygeorge.org%2Fpintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Heilbroner" title="Robert Heilbroner">Robert Heilbroner</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Worldly_Philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Worldly Philosophers">The Worldly Philosophers</a></i> (2000) 186, Penguin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1879" class="citation book cs1">George, Henry (1879). 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Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691126003" title="Special:BookSources/0691126003"><bdi>0691126003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+radical+middle+class%3A+populist+democracy+and+the+question+of+capitalism+in+progressive+era+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0691126003&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersten2011" class="citation book cs1">Kersten, Andrew (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clarencedarrowam0000kers"><i>Clarence Darrow: American iconoclast</i></a></span>. New York: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809094868" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809094868"><bdi>978-0809094868</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clarence+Darrow%3A+American+iconoclast&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0809094868&rft.aulast=Kersten&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclarencedarrowam0000kers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry" class="citation web cs1">Fry, Amelia R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt1p3001n1&doc.view=entire_text">"Sara Bard Field: Poet and Suffragist"</a>. <i>Calisphere</i>. Suffragists Oral History Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Calisphere&rft.atitle=Sara+Bard+Field%3A+Poet+and+Suffragist&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Amelia+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexts.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dkt1p3001n1%26doc.view%3Dentire_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSklar" class="citation web cs1">Sklar, Dusty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028225026/http://jewishcurrents.org/henry-george-zionism-32779">"Henry George and Zionism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishcurrents.org/henry-george-zionism-32779">the original</a> on 2014-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+and+Zionism&rft.aulast=Sklar&rft.aufirst=Dusty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishcurrents.org%2Fhenry-george-zionism-32779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieran" class="citation web cs1">Kieran, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030091418/http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/kieran-john_forward-to-henry-george-progress-and-poverty-1942.html">"Forward [sic] to the Book Progress and Poverty by Henry George"</a>. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forward+%5Bsic%5D+to+the+Book+Progress+and+Poverty+by+Henry+George&rft.aulast=Kieran&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fkieran-john_forward-to-henry-george-progress-and-poverty-1942.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirda2004" class="citation book cs1">Dirda, Michael (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openbook00mich"><i>An open book: coming of age in the heartland</i></a></span>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393326144" title="Special:BookSources/0393326144"><bdi>0393326144</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+open+book%3A+coming+of+age+in+the+heartland&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0393326144&rft.aulast=Dirda&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fopenbook00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinsley, Michael (March 5, 1987). "The Time is Right to Finally Destroy OPEC". <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1998" class="citation book cs1">George, Henry (1998) [1879]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220021954/https://books.google.com/books?id=kKFQdRePRBYC&lpg=PA262&ots=6waJoLbN-2&dq=Helen%20Keller%20henry%20george&pg=PA262#v=onepage&q=Helen%20Keller%20henry%20george&f=false"><i>Progress & Poverty</i></a> (abridged, revised ed.). Robert Schalkenbach Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780911312102" title="Special:BookSources/9780911312102"><bdi>9780911312102</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kKFQdRePRBYC&dq=Helen+Keller+henry+george&pg=PA262">the original</a> on December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progress+%26+Poverty&rft.edition=abridged%2C+revised&rft.pub=Robert+Schalkenbach+Foundation&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780911312102&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkKFQdRePRBYC%26dq%3DHelen%2BKeller%2Bhenry%2Bgeorge%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yardley, Edmund (1905). <i>Addresses at the funeral of Henry George, Sunday, October 31, 1897</i>. Chicago: The Public Publishing Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL'Estrange2007" class="citation news cs1">L'Estrange, Sarah (11 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/bookshow/jay-parinis-last-station-tolstoys-final-year/3219250#transcript">"Jay Parini's Last Station: Tolstoy's Final Year"</a>. <i>The Book Show</i>. ABC. Radionational<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Book+Show&rft.atitle=Jay+Parini%27s+Last+Station%3A+Tolstoy%27s+Final+Year&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft.aulast=L%27Estrange&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fbookshow%2Fjay-parinis-last-station-tolstoys-final-year%2F3219250%23transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProgress+and+Poverty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>England, R. W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0254/is_4_69/ai_n56237531/?tag=content;col1">Ricardo, gold, and rails: Discovering the origins of <i>Progress and Poverty</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology" title="The American Journal of Economics and Sociology">The American Journal of Economics and Sociology</a>,</i> vol. 69, pp. 1279–93.</li> <li>Edgar H. Johnson, "The Economics of Henry George's <i>Progress and Poverty,</i>" <i>Journal of Political Economy,</i> vol. 18, no. 9 (Nov. 1910), pp. 714–35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1820687">In JSTOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_and_Poverty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty_(George)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Progress and Poverty (George)"><i>Progress and Poverty</i></a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/henry-george/progress-and-poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013685460">Digitized version of the fifth edition</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Library" title="Cornell University Library">Cornell University Library</a>, hosted at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Progress+and+Poverty&author=George&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Progress and Poverty</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/George/grgPP.html">Text of the 25th anniversary edition</a>, hosted at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Economics and Liberty">Library of Economics and Liberty</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/progresspovertyi01geor">Digitized version of the 25th anniversary edition</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, hosted at the Internet Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/pcontents.htm">Text of Bob Drake's 2006 revision of the book</a>, hosted at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henrygeorge.org/">Henry George Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progressandpoverty.org">Text of the centenary edition</a> via the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schalkenbach.org/">Robert Schalkenbach Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wealthandwant.com/HG/PP/toc.htm">Cross-reference table of the contents of various editions</a><sup class="noprint 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