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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Retinoblastoma</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">256 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Retinoblastoma</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Retinoblastoma">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25316009" data-work_id="25316009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25316009/Malignant_fibrous_histiocytoma_in_a_patient_with_history_of_treated_retinoblastoma">Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a patient with history of treated retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Retinoblastoma is one of the most important childhood tumors with genetic implications and necessity for family counseling and long term follow up. We are presenting a 22 year-old Saudi male with history of bilateral retinoblastoma, who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25316009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Retinoblastoma is one of the most important childhood tumors with genetic implications and necessity for family counseling and long term follow up. We are presenting a 22 year-old Saudi male with history of bilateral retinoblastoma, who was initially treated by enucleation of his left eye. The histopathology showed a moderately differentiated tumor with vitreous seeding and he received chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy to his right eye. He presented 20 years later with a right orbital tumor, frozen globe and proptosis. The excisional biopsy of his orbital mass revealed a spindle cell sarcoma with features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. His clinical and radiological findings are presented together with the histopathologic features of his orbital tumor and brief review of secondary tumors in retinoblastoma patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25316009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9898cc39acc556fe72d38e71b6f0b03a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45614954,"asset_id":25316009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45614954/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40646805" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HindAlkatan">Hind Alkatan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40646805" type="text/json">{"id":40646805,"first_name":"Hind","last_name":"Alkatan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HindAlkatan","display_name":"Hind Alkatan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HindAlkatan?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40646805/40034084/32927658/s65_hind.alkatan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25316009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25316009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25316009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25316009", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25316009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25316009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25316009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25316009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176902" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malignant_Fibrous_Histiocytoma">Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="176902" type="text/json">{"id":176902,"name":"Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malignant_Fibrous_Histiocytoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1592877" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbit">Orbit</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1592877" type="text/json">{"id":1592877,"name":"Orbit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbit?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25316009]'), work: {"id":25316009,"title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a patient with history of treated retinoblastoma","created_at":"2016-05-14T00:41:04.828-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25316009/Malignant_fibrous_histiocytoma_in_a_patient_with_history_of_treated_retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_25316009","summary":"Retinoblastoma is one of the most important childhood tumors with genetic implications and necessity for family counseling and long term follow up. We are presenting a 22 year-old Saudi male with history of bilateral retinoblastoma, who was initially treated by enucleation of his left eye. The histopathology showed a moderately differentiated tumor with vitreous seeding and he received chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy to his right eye. He presented 20 years later with a right orbital tumor, frozen globe and proptosis. The excisional biopsy of his orbital mass revealed a spindle cell sarcoma with features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. His clinical and radiological findings are presented together with the histopathologic features of his orbital tumor and brief review of secondary tumors in retinoblastoma patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45614954,"asset_id":25316009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40646805,"first_name":"Hind","last_name":"Alkatan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HindAlkatan","display_name":"Hind Alkatan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HindAlkatan?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40646805/40034084/32927658/s65_hind.alkatan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":176902,"name":"Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malignant_Fibrous_Histiocytoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":1592877,"name":"Orbit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbit?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49406015" data-work_id="49406015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49406015/Spectrum_of_gross_deletions_and_insertions_in_theRB1_gene_in_patients_with_retinoblastoma_and_association_with_phenotypic_expression">Spectrum of gross deletions and insertions in theRB1 gene in patients with retinoblastoma and association with phenotypic expression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Communicated by David N. Cooper Quantitative multiplex PCR and genomic real-time PCR were used to complete an RB1 mutation analysis in 57 of 433 and 72 of 262 patients with hereditary and isolated unilateral retinoblastoma, respectively.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49406015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Communicated by David N. Cooper Quantitative multiplex PCR and genomic real-time PCR were used to complete an RB1 mutation analysis in 57 of 433 and 72 of 262 patients with hereditary and isolated unilateral retinoblastoma, respectively. These patients were selected because in previous analyses, which focused mainly on the identification of point mutations, no RB1 mutation was found. We identified gross deletions and insertions in peripheral blood DNA from 26 of 57 patients (46%) with hereditary retinoblastoma, and in six of 72 patients (8.3%) with isolated unilateral disease. In addition, we identified 32 somatic mutations in tumor DNA from 31 of 72 patients (43%) with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma. Together with our previous results, we found that gross RB1 alterations were present in the peripheral blood DNA from 65 of 433 (15%) and 17 of 262 (6.5%) patients with bilateral or familial and isolated unilateral retinoblastoma, respectively. Including reported gross deletions, an analysis of the frequency of breakpoints per intron length shows higher densities in introns 13, 16, 23, and 24. Genotype-phenotype analyses showed that on the whole, carriers of gross deletions develop fewer retinoblastomas compared to patients who are heterozygous for other types of RB1 null mutations. Specifically, carriers of cytogenetic and submicroscopic whole gene deletions often have unilateral tumors only. By contrast, almost all patients with gross deletions with one breakpoint in RB1 have bilateral retinoblastoma. Hum Mutat 26(5), 437-445, 2005.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49406015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61e9dd6d5bf03dbc281e9dcc242b8424" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67766781,"asset_id":49406015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67766781/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33878709" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie">Brenda Gallie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33878709" type="text/json">{"id":33878709,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gallie","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"BrendaGallie","display_name":"Brenda Gallie","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33878709/88807722/77510865/s65_brenda.gallie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49406015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49406015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49406015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49406015", }); 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Cooper Quantitative multiplex PCR and genomic real-time PCR were used to complete an RB1 mutation analysis in 57 of 433 and 72 of 262 patients with hereditary and isolated unilateral retinoblastoma, respectively. These patients were selected because in previous analyses, which focused mainly on the identification of point mutations, no RB1 mutation was found. We identified gross deletions and insertions in peripheral blood DNA from 26 of 57 patients (46%) with hereditary retinoblastoma, and in six of 72 patients (8.3%) with isolated unilateral disease. In addition, we identified 32 somatic mutations in tumor DNA from 31 of 72 patients (43%) with isolated unilateral retinoblastoma. Together with our previous results, we found that gross RB1 alterations were present in the peripheral blood DNA from 65 of 433 (15%) and 17 of 262 (6.5%) patients with bilateral or familial and isolated unilateral retinoblastoma, respectively. Including reported gross deletions, an analysis of the frequency of breakpoints per intron length shows higher densities in introns 13, 16, 23, and 24. Genotype-phenotype analyses showed that on the whole, carriers of gross deletions develop fewer retinoblastomas compared to patients who are heterozygous for other types of RB1 null mutations. Specifically, carriers of cytogenetic and submicroscopic whole gene deletions often have unilateral tumors only. By contrast, almost all patients with gross deletions with one breakpoint in RB1 have bilateral retinoblastoma. Hum Mutat 26(5), 437-445, 2005.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67766781,"asset_id":49406015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33878709,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gallie","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"BrendaGallie","display_name":"Brenda Gallie","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33878709/88807722/77510865/s65_brenda.gallie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":2537516,"name":"Human mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_mutation?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69433927" data-work_id="69433927" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69433927/Malignant_tumors_of_infancy_and_childhood">Malignant tumors of infancy and childhood</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Malignancy is an important childhood disease because in the United States it is second only to trauma as the leading cause of death before puberty. toma apparently arises from the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69433927" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malignancy is an important childhood disease because in the United States it is second only to trauma as the leading cause of death before puberty. toma apparently arises from the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located principally along the vertebral column. The largest single collection of these cells is in the adrenal medulla. The more malig-94 AORN Journal</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69433927" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="728ca86cc418a94ac5045ec312400d3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79534245,"asset_id":69433927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79534245/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139695833" href="https://independent.academia.edu/amalbill">amal bill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139695833" type="text/json">{"id":139695833,"first_name":"amal","last_name":"bill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amalbill","display_name":"amal bill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amalbill?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69433927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69433927"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69433927, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69433927", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69433927]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69433927").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69433927").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69433927"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia">Leukemia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14109" type="text/json">{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69433927]'), work: {"id":69433927,"title":"Malignant tumors of infancy and childhood","created_at":"2022-01-25T09:26:29.730-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69433927/Malignant_tumors_of_infancy_and_childhood?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_69433927","summary":"Malignancy is an important childhood disease because in the United States it is second only to trauma as the leading cause of death before puberty. toma apparently arises from the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located principally along the vertebral column. The largest single collection of these cells is in the adrenal medulla. The more malig-94 AORN Journal","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79534245,"asset_id":69433927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":139695833,"first_name":"amal","last_name":"bill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"amalbill","display_name":"amal bill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/amalbill?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":118793,"name":"Sarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarcoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":256805,"name":"Neuroblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":371491,"name":"Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":883404,"name":"Teratoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1350756,"name":"Hodgkin disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hodgkin_disease?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2683401,"name":"Wilms tumor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilms_tumor-1?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33973156" data-work_id="33973156" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33973156/Ophthalmic_artery_chemosurgery_for_the_management_of_retinoblastoma_in_eyes_with_extensive_50_retinal_detachment">Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for the management of retinoblastoma in eyes with extensive (>50%) retinal detachment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Superselective delivery of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, i.e. ophthalmic artery chemosurgery, has been used for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of ophthalmic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33973156" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: Superselective delivery of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, i.e. ophthalmic artery chemosurgery, has been used for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma associated with &gt;50% retinal detachment. PROCEDURE: Retrospective review of 37 eyes of 34 retinoblastoma patients who had extensive (&gt;50%) bullous non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachments and received ophthalmic artery chemosurgery either as primary treatment or as &quot;salvage&quot; treatment after failed multi-cycle intravenous chemotherapy and/or external beam radiation (mean follow-up, 21 months). Data on patient and ocular survival, complications of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery treatments, time course of retinal reattachment, and serial electroretinograms (ERG) were collected. RESULTS: A total of 134 ophthalmic artery chemosurgery injections were performed. All children survive. Five eyes (5/37; 14...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33973156" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7860a64fc15e03173aa8f4a39a1f16c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53927425,"asset_id":33973156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53927425/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66593788" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarrBrian">Brian Marr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66593788" type="text/json">{"id":66593788,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Marr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarrBrian","display_name":"Brian Marr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarrBrian?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33973156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33973156"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33973156, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33973156", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33973156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33973156; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33973156"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33973156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33973156"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33973156; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33973156]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33973156").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33973156").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33973156"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103219" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_detachment">Retinal detachment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="103219" type="text/json">{"id":103219,"name":"Retinal detachment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_detachment?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies">Follow-up studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137516" type="text/json">{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33973156]'), work: {"id":33973156,"title":"Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for the management of retinoblastoma in eyes with extensive (\u003e50%) retinal detachment","created_at":"2017-07-20T12:04:16.119-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33973156/Ophthalmic_artery_chemosurgery_for_the_management_of_retinoblastoma_in_eyes_with_extensive_50_retinal_detachment?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_33973156","summary":"BACKGROUND: Superselective delivery of chemotherapy through the ophthalmic artery, i.e. ophthalmic artery chemosurgery, has been used for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma associated with \u0026gt;50% retinal detachment. PROCEDURE: Retrospective review of 37 eyes of 34 retinoblastoma patients who had extensive (\u0026gt;50%) bullous non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachments and received ophthalmic artery chemosurgery either as primary treatment or as \u0026quot;salvage\u0026quot; treatment after failed multi-cycle intravenous chemotherapy and/or external beam radiation (mean follow-up, 21 months). Data on patient and ocular survival, complications of ophthalmic artery chemosurgery treatments, time course of retinal reattachment, and serial electroretinograms (ERG) were collected. RESULTS: A total of 134 ophthalmic artery chemosurgery injections were performed. All children survive. Five eyes (5/37; 14...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53927425,"asset_id":33973156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":66593788,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Marr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarrBrian","display_name":"Brian Marr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarrBrian?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":103219,"name":"Retinal detachment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_detachment?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":424295,"name":"Survival Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Rate?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":875896,"name":"Ophthalmic Artery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmic_Artery?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16114127 coauthored" data-work_id="16114127" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16114127/Immunohistochemical_Expression_of_p16_INK4A_in_Normal_Uterine_Cervix_Nonneoplastic_Epithelial_Lesions_and_Low_grade_Squamous_Intraepithelial_Lesions">Immunohistochemical Expression of p16(INK4A) in Normal Uterine Cervix, Nonneoplastic Epithelial Lesions, and Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The p16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the cyclindependent kinases involved in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). Expression of E6 and E7 oncogenes of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16114127" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The p16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the cyclindependent kinases involved in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). Expression of E6 and E7 oncogenes of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV), affecting the RB-p16 pathway, leads to p16 upregulation. Although it is widely reported that p16 is overexpressed in a high percentage of preneoplastic lesions and in almost all carcinomas of the uterine cervix, protein upregulation and its correlation with HPV infection in low-grade lesions is still being debated. In this study, we investigated in parallel, p16 expression and HPV infection in 100 cervical biopsies (17 normal tissues, 54 CIN1, 10 CIN2, 11 CIN3, eight invasive squamous cancers). Results obtained demonstrated that none of the 17 normal cervical tissues, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, presented p16 positivity whereas, starting from CIN1 (31%) to CIN2 (90%), CIN3 (100%) and carcinomas (100%), a constant and significant increase of protein overexpression (Po0.0001) was observed. In addition, p16 overexpression consistently showed elevated sensitivity (84%) and specificity (98%) in detecting HR-HPV infection with a high positive predictive value (97%) and negative predictive value (86%). Of interest, 93% of the p16-positive CIN1 were also HR-HPV infected. Our findings confirmed that p16 overexpression is associated to high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical carcinomas, and further demonstrated that immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 may be a useful biomarker in identifying HR-HPVinfected low-grade lesions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16114127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="373deea2e852677e66f93b1b96534148" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42745141,"asset_id":16114127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42745141/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35232342" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaBenevolo">Maria Benevolo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35232342" type="text/json">{"id":35232342,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Benevolo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaBenevolo","display_name":"Maria Benevolo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaBenevolo?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16114127">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16114127"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsabellaSperduti">Isabella Sperduti</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiuliaPiperno">Giulia Piperno</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16114127'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16114127').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16114127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16114127"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16114127; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16114127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16114127").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16114127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16114127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37826" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy">Biopsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37826" type="text/json">{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16114127]'), work: {"id":16114127,"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of p16(INK4A) in Normal Uterine Cervix, Nonneoplastic Epithelial Lesions, and Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions","created_at":"2015-09-24T00:23:43.643-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16114127/Immunohistochemical_Expression_of_p16_INK4A_in_Normal_Uterine_Cervix_Nonneoplastic_Epithelial_Lesions_and_Low_grade_Squamous_Intraepithelial_Lesions?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_16114127","summary":"The p16 INK4a is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the cyclindependent kinases involved in the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). Expression of E6 and E7 oncogenes of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV), affecting the RB-p16 pathway, leads to p16 upregulation. Although it is widely reported that p16 is overexpressed in a high percentage of preneoplastic lesions and in almost all carcinomas of the uterine cervix, protein upregulation and its correlation with HPV infection in low-grade lesions is still being debated. In this study, we investigated in parallel, p16 expression and HPV infection in 100 cervical biopsies (17 normal tissues, 54 CIN1, 10 CIN2, 11 CIN3, eight invasive squamous cancers). Results obtained demonstrated that none of the 17 normal cervical tissues, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, presented p16 positivity whereas, starting from CIN1 (31%) to CIN2 (90%), CIN3 (100%) and carcinomas (100%), a constant and significant increase of protein overexpression (Po0.0001) was observed. In addition, p16 overexpression consistently showed elevated sensitivity (84%) and specificity (98%) in detecting HR-HPV infection with a high positive predictive value (97%) and negative predictive value (86%). Of interest, 93% of the p16-positive CIN1 were also HR-HPV infected. Our findings confirmed that p16 overexpression is associated to high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical carcinomas, and further demonstrated that immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 may be a useful biomarker in identifying HR-HPVinfected low-grade lesions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42745141,"asset_id":16114127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35232342,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Benevolo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaBenevolo","display_name":"Maria Benevolo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaBenevolo?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35347751,"first_name":"Isabella","last_name":"Sperduti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabellaSperduti","display_name":"Isabella Sperduti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabellaSperduti?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":35304590,"first_name":"Giulia","last_name":"Piperno","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuliaPiperno","display_name":"Giulia Piperno","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuliaPiperno?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":50351,"name":"HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HUMAN_PAPILLOMAVIRUS?f_ri=295680"},{"id":151450,"name":"Modern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern?f_ri=295680"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=295680"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":315194,"name":"Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma_OSCC_?f_ri=295680"},{"id":371494,"name":"Neoplasm Invasiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_Invasiveness?f_ri=295680"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=295680"},{"id":379416,"name":"Epithelial cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epithelial_cells?f_ri=295680"},{"id":422325,"name":"HeLa cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeLa_cells?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1199592,"name":"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Intraepithelial_Neoplasia?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1318938,"name":"Positive predictive value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_predictive_value?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1863236,"name":"Lower","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19969730 coauthored" data-work_id="19969730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19969730/Preliminary_translation_and_cultural_adaptation_of_Health_Utilities_Index_questionnaires_for_application_in_Argentina">Preliminary translation and cultural adaptation of Health Utilities Index questionnaires for application in Argentina</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quality-of-life assessment is being used increasingly in clinical research. This is true particularly in the case of survivors of cancer in childhood, where improving survival rates have raised concern regarding the long-term effects of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19969730" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quality-of-life assessment is being used increasingly in clinical research. This is true particularly in the case of survivors of cancer in childhood, where improving survival rates have raised concern regarding the long-term effects of medical cure. Health-status assessment and quality-of-life instruments have been developed for the most part in the English language, thus necessitating their translation and cultural adaptation for use in non-English-speaking countries. Our purpose was to develop a set of Spanish-language questionnaires for application with a population of children with cancer in a tertiary-care center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Health Utilities Index (HUI), a conceptual framework for assessing health status, was chosen for this study. Three distinct questionnaires, based on the HUI, were used: a self-completed one for health professionals and teachers (15Q) to report assessments of children and 2 interviewer-administered ones, for child survivors (42Q) to report assessments about their own health status and parents (45Q) to report assessments about their children&amp;#39;s health status. The original translations and reviews were accomplished with direct oversight by members of the HUI Group, to ensure conceptual equivalence. The instruments were then tested in Buenos Aires by application to staff of the hematology-oncology service, childhood cancer patients and the parents of childhood cancer patients. Several modifications were made based on these tests. We concluded that the translation and cultural adaptation of these instruments was adequate for use with the groups tested in a pilot survey of survivors of childhood cancer in Argentina.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19969730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ed89837ff56aa769690e659eade5acc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41999222,"asset_id":19969730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41999222/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40845413" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSzecket">Nicolas Szecket</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40845413" type="text/json">{"id":40845413,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Szecket","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasSzecket","display_name":"Nicolas Szecket","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSzecket?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40845413/11111012/12399598/s65_nicolas.szecket.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19969730">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19969730"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SonjaDepauw">Sonja Depauw</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/BillFurlong">Bill Furlong</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19969730'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19969730').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19969730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19969730"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19969730, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19969730", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19969730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19969730; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19969730"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19969730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19969730"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19969730; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19969730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19969730").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19969730").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19969730"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina">Argentina</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9813" type="text/json">{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19969730]'), work: {"id":19969730,"title":"Preliminary translation and cultural adaptation of Health Utilities Index questionnaires for application in Argentina","created_at":"2016-01-02T15:15:57.309-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19969730/Preliminary_translation_and_cultural_adaptation_of_Health_Utilities_Index_questionnaires_for_application_in_Argentina?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_19969730","summary":"Quality-of-life assessment is being used increasingly in clinical research. This is true particularly in the case of survivors of cancer in childhood, where improving survival rates have raised concern regarding the long-term effects of medical cure. Health-status assessment and quality-of-life instruments have been developed for the most part in the English language, thus necessitating their translation and cultural adaptation for use in non-English-speaking countries. Our purpose was to develop a set of Spanish-language questionnaires for application with a population of children with cancer in a tertiary-care center in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Health Utilities Index (HUI), a conceptual framework for assessing health status, was chosen for this study. Three distinct questionnaires, based on the HUI, were used: a self-completed one for health professionals and teachers (15Q) to report assessments of children and 2 interviewer-administered ones, for child survivors (42Q) to report assessments about their own health status and parents (45Q) to report assessments about their children\u0026amp;#39;s health status. The original translations and reviews were accomplished with direct oversight by members of the HUI Group, to ensure conceptual equivalence. The instruments were then tested in Buenos Aires by application to staff of the hematology-oncology service, childhood cancer patients and the parents of childhood cancer patients. Several modifications were made based on these tests. We concluded that the translation and cultural adaptation of these instruments was adequate for use with the groups tested in a pilot survey of survivors of childhood cancer in Argentina.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41999222,"asset_id":19969730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40845413,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Szecket","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasSzecket","display_name":"Nicolas Szecket","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasSzecket?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40845413/11111012/12399598/s65_nicolas.szecket.jpg"},{"id":41278018,"first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"Depauw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SonjaDepauw","display_name":"Sonja Depauw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SonjaDepauw?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41804250,"first_name":"Bill","last_name":"Furlong","domain_name":"mcmaster","page_name":"BillFurlong","display_name":"Bill Furlong","profile_url":"https://mcmaster.academia.edu/BillFurlong?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":9813,"name":"Argentina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argentina?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680"},{"id":232534,"name":"Health Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Status?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=295680"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49406101" data-work_id="49406101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49406101/Multidrug_resistant_Phenotype_in_Retinoblastoma_Correlates_with_P_glycoprotein_Expression">Multidrug-resistant Phenotype in Retinoblastoma Correlates with P-glycoprotein Expression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chemotherapy plays an important role in therapy for patients with extraocular and metastatic retinoblastoma. The authors used chemotherapy for management of selected patients with uncontrolled intraocular tumors or tumors larger and more... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49406101" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chemotherapy plays an important role in therapy for patients with extraocular and metastatic retinoblastoma. The authors used chemotherapy for management of selected patients with uncontrolled intraocular tumors or tumors larger and more posteriorly located than those conventionally treated with local cryotherapy or photocoagulation. Rapid regrowth of some tumors after an initial excellent chemotherapy response led us to investigate the hypothesis that failure of treatment is caused by P-glycoprotein-related multidrug resistance. By using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method, increased P-glycoprotein was detected in five multidrug-resistant and two selectively plant alkaloid-resistant retinoblastoma cell lines and in the intraocular and metastatic tumors from which they were derived. In four chemotherapy-treated cases, increased P-glycoprotein in the tumor samples correlated with clinically relevant drug resistance. None of the four chemosensitive tumor cell lines had increased P-glycoprotein expression. Continuous surveillance of P-glycoprotein levels in metastatic retinoblastoma may be a useful guide to drug therapy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49406101" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46a318ed8d702f49b7281887c1d67f2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67766802,"asset_id":49406101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67766802/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33878709" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie">Brenda Gallie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33878709" type="text/json">{"id":33878709,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gallie","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"BrendaGallie","display_name":"Brenda Gallie","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33878709/88807722/77510865/s65_brenda.gallie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49406101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49406101"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49406101, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49406101", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49406101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49406101; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49406101"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49406101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49406101"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49406101; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49406101]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49406101").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49406101").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49406101"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="627" type="text/json">{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102583" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance">Drug Resistance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102583" type="text/json">{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126972" type="text/json">{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="213897" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype">Phenotype</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="213897" type="text/json">{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49406101]'), work: {"id":49406101,"title":"Multidrug-resistant Phenotype in Retinoblastoma Correlates with P-glycoprotein Expression","created_at":"2021-06-26T12:24:08.024-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49406101/Multidrug_resistant_Phenotype_in_Retinoblastoma_Correlates_with_P_glycoprotein_Expression?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_49406101","summary":"Chemotherapy plays an important role in therapy for patients with extraocular and metastatic retinoblastoma. The authors used chemotherapy for management of selected patients with uncontrolled intraocular tumors or tumors larger and more posteriorly located than those conventionally treated with local cryotherapy or photocoagulation. Rapid regrowth of some tumors after an initial excellent chemotherapy response led us to investigate the hypothesis that failure of treatment is caused by P-glycoprotein-related multidrug resistance. By using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method, increased P-glycoprotein was detected in five multidrug-resistant and two selectively plant alkaloid-resistant retinoblastoma cell lines and in the intraocular and metastatic tumors from which they were derived. In four chemotherapy-treated cases, increased P-glycoprotein in the tumor samples correlated with clinically relevant drug resistance. None of the four chemosensitive tumor cell lines had increased P-glycoprotein expression. Continuous surveillance of P-glycoprotein levels in metastatic retinoblastoma may be a useful guide to drug therapy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67766802,"asset_id":49406101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33878709,"first_name":"Brenda","last_name":"Gallie","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"BrendaGallie","display_name":"Brenda Gallie","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/BrendaGallie?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33878709/88807722/77510865/s65_brenda.gallie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1593060,"name":"Blood Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Proteins?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29909157" data-work_id="29909157" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29909157/Probl%C3%A9matique_de_la_prise_en_charge_du_cancer_de_lenfant_exp%C3%A9rience_du_r%C3%A9tinoblastome_%C3%A0_Lubumbashi_RD_Congo_et_importance_du_diagnostic_pr%C3%A9coce">Problématique de la prise en charge du cancer de l'enfant : expérience du rétinoblastome à Lubumbashi (RD Congo) et importance du diagnostic précoce</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29909157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47db756548c0509337696d4213201202" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50371071,"asset_id":29909157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50371071/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56795828" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrayKanteng">Gray Kanteng</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56795828" type="text/json">{"id":56795828,"first_name":"Gray","last_name":"Kanteng","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrayKanteng","display_name":"Gray Kanteng","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrayKanteng?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29909157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29909157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29909157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29909157", }); 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An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78760648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. 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Radiation therapy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28673573" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The principal treatment concept in the Utrecht Retinoblastoma Centre is megavoltage irradiation, followed by light coagulation and/or cryotherapy if there is any doubt as to whether the residual tumour is still active. Radiation therapy is administered by means of a simple but highly accurate temporal beam technique. A standardized dose of 45 Gy is given in 15 fractions of 3 Gy at 3 fractions per week. From 1971 to 1982, 39 children with retinoblastoma have been irradiated in at least one eye. Of the 73 affected eyes, 18 were primarily enucleated, one received light coagulation only, and 54 received radiation therapy. Of the 54 irradiated eyes, 32 were additionally treated by light coagulation and/or cryotherapy for suspicious residual tumour (in 29 eyes), recurrent tumour (in 1 eye), and/or new tumour (in 3 eyes) and 10 were ultimately enucleated. Two eyes also received hyperthermia. The percentages of cure of the irradiated eyes with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were 100% (14/14), 100% (9/9), 83% (10/12), 79% (11/14) and 0% (0/5) in the Reese-Ellsworth groups I to V-A, respectively. Of the saved eyes 95% achieved useful vision. Eighteen eyes developed a clinically detectable radiation cataract; in five of these the lens was aspirated. Cataracts developed exclusively in those lenses of which a posterior portion of more than 1 mm had to be included in the treatment field. The likelihood and the degree of cataract formation was found to be directly related to the dose of radiation to the germinative zone of the lens epithelium. The minimum cataractogenic dose found in this series was 8 Gy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28673573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="addf6482553857ad4057761a1a9ed679" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49055953,"asset_id":28673573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49055953/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53870300" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaapSchipper">Jaap Schipper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53870300" type="text/json">{"id":53870300,"first_name":"Jaap","last_name":"Schipper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaapSchipper","display_name":"Jaap Schipper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaapSchipper?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28673573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28673573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28673573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28673573", }); 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Radiation therapy is administered by means of a simple but highly accurate temporal beam technique. A standardized dose of 45 Gy is given in 15 fractions of 3 Gy at 3 fractions per week. From 1971 to 1982, 39 children with retinoblastoma have been irradiated in at least one eye. Of the 73 affected eyes, 18 were primarily enucleated, one received light coagulation only, and 54 received radiation therapy. Of the 54 irradiated eyes, 32 were additionally treated by light coagulation and/or cryotherapy for suspicious residual tumour (in 29 eyes), recurrent tumour (in 1 eye), and/or new tumour (in 3 eyes) and 10 were ultimately enucleated. Two eyes also received hyperthermia. The percentages of cure of the irradiated eyes with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were 100% (14/14), 100% (9/9), 83% (10/12), 79% (11/14) and 0% (0/5) in the Reese-Ellsworth groups I to V-A, respectively. Of the saved eyes 95% achieved useful vision. Eighteen eyes developed a clinically detectable radiation cataract; in five of these the lens was aspirated. Cataracts developed exclusively in those lenses of which a posterior portion of more than 1 mm had to be included in the treatment field. The likelihood and the degree of cataract formation was found to be directly related to the dose of radiation to the germinative zone of the lens epithelium. The minimum cataractogenic dose found in this series was 8 Gy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49055953,"asset_id":28673573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53870300,"first_name":"Jaap","last_name":"Schipper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaapSchipper","display_name":"Jaap Schipper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaapSchipper?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":40271,"name":"Visual acuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":144034,"name":"Cataract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract?f_ri=295680"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=295680"},{"id":814023,"name":"Cryosurgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryosurgery?f_ri=295680"},{"id":990525,"name":"Retinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Diseases?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1592877,"name":"Orbit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orbit?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14657971" data-work_id="14657971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14657971/Patterns_of_missplicing_caused_by_RB1_gene_mutations_in_patients_with_retinoblastoma_and_association_with_phenotypic_expression">Patterns of missplicing caused by RB1 gene mutations in patients with retinoblastoma and association with phenotypic expression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have analyzed RNA from retinoblastoma patients and unaffected carriers with various RB1 gene mutations to determine the patterns of missplicing and associations with phenotypic expression. Most sequence alterations in or in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14657971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have analyzed RNA from retinoblastoma patients and unaffected carriers with various RB1 gene mutations to determine the patterns of missplicing and associations with phenotypic expression. Most sequence alterations in or in the neighborhood of conserved splice signals that we tested resulted in simple exon skipping (15 mutations) or intron inclusion (new acceptor AG-sites, four mutations) as expected. Two mutations resulted in skipping of a neighboring exon (exon 11), a complex pattern indicating competition for correct lariat formation. We observed no activation of a cryptic splice site but found that a recurrent missense mutation in exon 7 creates a new splice site (two families). RT-PCR analysis enabled us to confirm the presence and to characterize the transcriptional consequences of gross insertions and deletions in the RB1 gene in six patients, including two patients with mutational mosaicism. We also used RT-PCR analysis to search for unknown mutations in 15 patients and identified three oncogenic point mutations deep in introns. Two of these mutations are recurrent thus indicating that, despite the vast extent of the introns of the RB1 gene, few bases are effective targets for oncogenic mutations. When analyzing associations between phenotypic expression (16 families) and mutational consequences we observed no link to the presence or absence of a premature termination codon in the mutant transcript. However, the location of a mutation relative to the splice sequence has a strong and consistent influence on phenotypic expression. Hum Mutat 29(4),475-484, 2008. r r 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14657971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0abefb0a4dde54be7f2408d279492f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44002170,"asset_id":14657971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44002170/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33607854" href="https://duisburg.academia.edu/DietmarLohmann">Dietmar Lohmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33607854" type="text/json">{"id":33607854,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Lohmann","domain_name":"duisburg","page_name":"DietmarLohmann","display_name":"Dietmar Lohmann","profile_url":"https://duisburg.academia.edu/DietmarLohmann?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14657971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14657971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14657971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14657971", }); 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Most sequence alterations in or in the neighborhood of conserved splice signals that we tested resulted in simple exon skipping (15 mutations) or intron inclusion (new acceptor AG-sites, four mutations) as expected. Two mutations resulted in skipping of a neighboring exon (exon 11), a complex pattern indicating competition for correct lariat formation. We observed no activation of a cryptic splice site but found that a recurrent missense mutation in exon 7 creates a new splice site (two families). RT-PCR analysis enabled us to confirm the presence and to characterize the transcriptional consequences of gross insertions and deletions in the RB1 gene in six patients, including two patients with mutational mosaicism. We also used RT-PCR analysis to search for unknown mutations in 15 patients and identified three oncogenic point mutations deep in introns. Two of these mutations are recurrent thus indicating that, despite the vast extent of the introns of the RB1 gene, few bases are effective targets for oncogenic mutations. When analyzing associations between phenotypic expression (16 families) and mutational consequences we observed no link to the presence or absence of a premature termination codon in the mutant transcript. However, the location of a mutation relative to the splice sequence has a strong and consistent influence on phenotypic expression. Hum Mutat 29(4),475-484, 2008. r r 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44002170,"asset_id":14657971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33607854,"first_name":"Dietmar","last_name":"Lohmann","domain_name":"duisburg","page_name":"DietmarLohmann","display_name":"Dietmar Lohmann","profile_url":"https://duisburg.academia.edu/DietmarLohmann?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":41720,"name":"Human","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical 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Chemoreduction Success</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">To evaluate the reliability of the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) for predicting treatment success with chemoreduction (CRD).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14066336" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5fc5ac4dbaf3115d5d6f62e33f2f7fe0" rel="nofollow" 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services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2007840,"name":"Carboplatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carboplatin?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22923741" data-work_id="22923741" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22923741/Anterior_segment_tumors_current_concepts_and_innovations">Anterior segment tumors: current concepts and innovations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The most common anterior segment tumors are primary neuroepithelial cysts, uveal melanomas, metastatic tumors, and benign tumors. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis can be made utilizing a careful clinical history and ocular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22923741" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The most common anterior segment tumors are primary neuroepithelial cysts, uveal melanomas, metastatic tumors, and benign tumors. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis can be made utilizing a careful clinical history and ocular examination. Ultrasound examination (low and high frequency) has become an indispensable tool used to determine tumor extension and involvement of the surrounding structures. In particular, high-frequency ultrasound has been used to uncover iris pigment epithelial cysts, to allow for the diagnosis of small ciliary body melanomas, and to measure tumors for plaque radiation planning. Whereas fluorescein angiography and computerized tomography have come to play a limited role, fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be quite helpful in selected cases. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment decisions depend on the tumors' location, size, local extension, patterns of growth, and secondary complications. Most anterior segment tumors can be observed for growth prior to treatment. Other options include local resection (iridectomy, lamellar sclerouvectomy, or eye-wall resection) and radiation (ophthalmic plaque or external beam). Enucleation is typically employed if these eye-and vision-sparing treatments are not possible and for uncontrollable secondary glaucoma. This review examines the unique role of high-frequency ultrasonography for the diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment tumors as well as an overview of clinical practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22923741" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c937ce98ff640c88774728dbc49c718" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43457519,"asset_id":22923741,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43457519/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44614648" href="https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger">Paul T Finger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44614648" type="text/json">{"id":44614648,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Finger","domain_name":"med-nyu","page_name":"PFinger","display_name":"Paul T Finger","profile_url":"https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44614648/11861805/13219616/s65_paul.finger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22923741 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22923741"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22923741, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22923741", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22923741 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22923741; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22923741"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22923741 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22923741"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22923741; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22923741]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22923741").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22923741").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22923741"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy">Brachytherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8726" type="text/json">{"id":8726,"name":"Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound">Ultrasound</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15639" type="text/json">{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48458" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency">High Frequency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48458" type="text/json">{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52836" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Practice">Clinical Practice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52836" type="text/json">{"id":52836,"name":"Clinical Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Practice?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22923741]'), work: {"id":22923741,"title":"Anterior segment tumors: current concepts and innovations","created_at":"2016-03-07T04:46:32.970-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22923741/Anterior_segment_tumors_current_concepts_and_innovations?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_22923741","summary":"The most common anterior segment tumors are primary neuroepithelial cysts, uveal melanomas, metastatic tumors, and benign tumors. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis can be made utilizing a careful clinical history and ocular examination. Ultrasound examination (low and high frequency) has become an indispensable tool used to determine tumor extension and involvement of the surrounding structures. In particular, high-frequency ultrasound has been used to uncover iris pigment epithelial cysts, to allow for the diagnosis of small ciliary body melanomas, and to measure tumors for plaque radiation planning. Whereas fluorescein angiography and computerized tomography have come to play a limited role, fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be quite helpful in selected cases. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment decisions depend on the tumors' location, size, local extension, patterns of growth, and secondary complications. Most anterior segment tumors can be observed for growth prior to treatment. Other options include local resection (iridectomy, lamellar sclerouvectomy, or eye-wall resection) and radiation (ophthalmic plaque or external beam). Enucleation is typically employed if these eye-and vision-sparing treatments are not possible and for uncontrollable secondary glaucoma. This review examines the unique role of high-frequency ultrasonography for the diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment tumors as well as an overview of clinical practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43457519,"asset_id":22923741,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44614648,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Finger","domain_name":"med-nyu","page_name":"PFinger","display_name":"Paul T Finger","profile_url":"https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44614648/11861805/13219616/s65_paul.finger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8726,"name":"Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":52836,"name":"Clinical Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Practice?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":90702,"name":"Ultrasonography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasonography?f_ri=295680"},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":550218,"name":"Computerized tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computerized_tomography?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29359674" data-work_id="29359674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29359674/Orbital_pathology">Orbital pathology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This overview of orbital pathology deals with different kinds of tumors, inflammatory, vascular, and traumatic diseases, which may involve the orbit. Depending on the respective orbital compartment of the globe, the intrakonal, extrakonal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29359674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This overview of orbital pathology deals with different kinds of tumors, inflammatory, vascular, and traumatic diseases, which may involve the orbit. Depending on the respective orbital compartment of the globe, the intrakonal, extrakonal and optic nerve the most important and most frequent lesions are presented with their specific clinical symptoms. Their specific presentation on CT-and MR-imaging is discussed in detail, including the most important differential diagnosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29359674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e5429176f172dc017a1828ceaf0572e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49802481,"asset_id":29359674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49802481/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55457952" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusannePitz">Susanne Pitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55457952" type="text/json">{"id":55457952,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Pitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusannePitz","display_name":"Susanne Pitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusannePitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29359674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29359674"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29359674, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29359674", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29359674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29359674; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29359674"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29359674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29359674"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29359674; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29359674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29359674").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29359674").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29359674"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic_Nerve">Optic Nerve</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71422" type="text/json">{"id":71422,"name":"Optic Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic_Nerve?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis">Differential Diagnosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="162159" type="text/json">{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29359674]'), work: {"id":29359674,"title":"Orbital pathology","created_at":"2016-10-23T01:38:18.924-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29359674/Orbital_pathology?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_29359674","summary":"This overview of orbital pathology deals with different kinds of tumors, inflammatory, vascular, and traumatic diseases, which may involve the orbit. Depending on the respective orbital compartment of the globe, the intrakonal, extrakonal and optic nerve the most important and most frequent lesions are presented with their specific clinical symptoms. Their specific presentation on CT-and MR-imaging is discussed in detail, including the most important differential diagnosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49802481,"asset_id":29359674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55457952,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Pitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusannePitz","display_name":"Susanne Pitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusannePitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":71422,"name":"Optic Nerve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic_Nerve?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1122411,"name":"Mr Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mr_Imaging?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74580068" data-work_id="74580068" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74580068/Lag_Time_between_Onset_of_First_Symptom_and_Treatment_of_Retinoblastoma_An_International_Collaborative_Study_of_692_Patients_from_10_Countries">Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74580068" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p &lt; 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p =...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74580068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3cdf50f2acc49682ada47f40ed6cc369" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82682392,"asset_id":74580068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82682392/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186785319" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliaAhmad21">Alia Ahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186785319" type="text/json">{"id":186785319,"first_name":"Alia","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliaAhmad21","display_name":"Alia Ahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliaAhmad21?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186785319/120324196/109648895/s65_alia.ahmad.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74580068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74580068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74580068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74580068", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74580068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74580068").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74580068").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74580068"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="626" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology">Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="626" type="text/json">{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="627" type="text/json">{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74580068]'), work: {"id":74580068,"title":"Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries","created_at":"2022-03-25T17:59:17.694-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74580068/Lag_Time_between_Onset_of_First_Symptom_and_Treatment_of_Retinoblastoma_An_International_Collaborative_Study_of_692_Patients_from_10_Countries?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_74580068","summary":"Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: The following factors were significantly different among different countries based on national-income level: age at diagnosis of RB (p = 0.001), distance from home to nearest primary healthcare centre (p = 0.03) and mean lag time between detection of first symptom to visit to RB treatment centre (p = 0.0007). After adjusting for country income, increased lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of RB was associated with higher chances of an advanced tumour at presentation (p \u0026lt; 0.001), higher chances of high-risk histopathology features (p =...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82682392,"asset_id":74580068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186785319,"first_name":"Alia","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliaAhmad21","display_name":"Alia Ahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliaAhmad21?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186785319/120324196/109648895/s65_alia.ahmad.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":1010893,"name":"Cancers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancers?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22923597" data-work_id="22923597" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/22923597/Chemotherapy_for_Eye_Cancer">Chemotherapy for Eye Cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22923597" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94495506b336af061adb301150c3550e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43457412,"asset_id":22923597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43457412/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44614648" href="https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger">Paul T Finger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44614648" type="text/json">{"id":44614648,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Finger","domain_name":"med-nyu","page_name":"PFinger","display_name":"Paul T Finger","profile_url":"https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44614648/11861805/13219616/s65_paul.finger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22923597 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22923597"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22923597, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22923597", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22923597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22923597").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22923597").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22923597"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51629" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey">Survey</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51629" type="text/json">{"id":51629,"name":"Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="245634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye">Eye</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="245634" type="text/json">{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22923597]'), work: {"id":22923597,"title":"Chemotherapy for Eye Cancer","created_at":"2016-03-07T04:43:47.352-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22923597/Chemotherapy_for_Eye_Cancer?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_22923597","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43457412,"asset_id":22923597,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44614648,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Finger","domain_name":"med-nyu","page_name":"PFinger","display_name":"Paul T Finger","profile_url":"https://med-nyu.academia.edu/PFinger?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44614648/11861805/13219616/s65_paul.finger.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":51629,"name":"Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63103123" data-work_id="63103123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63103123/Roles_for_negative_cell_regulator_14_3_3%CF%83_in_control_of_MDM2_activities">Roles for negative cell regulator 14-3-3σ in control of MDM2 activities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The 14-3-3r, upregulated by p53 in response to DNA damage, can have a positive-feedback impact driving p53 activities and is a human cancer epithelial marker downregulated in various tumors. However, the precise roles of 14-3-3r during... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63103123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The 14-3-3r, upregulated by p53 in response to DNA damage, can have a positive-feedback impact driving p53 activities and is a human cancer epithelial marker downregulated in various tumors. However, the precise roles of 14-3-3r during tumorigenesis are not well characterized. Here, we show that 14-3-3r is a critical regulator of murine double minute oncogene (MDM2). 14-3-3r interacts with MDM2 at the RING domain. The C-terminal region of 14-3-3r binds to MDM2 very efficiently. Importantly, 14-3-3r overexpression leads to destabilization of MDM2 through enhancing MDM2 selfubiquitination and accelerating turnover rate. Conversely, loss of 14-3-3r results in a significant increase in MDM2 protein. Moreover, live-cell images indicated that 14-3-3r can affect the location of MDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that MDM2-mediated cytoplasmic localization of p53 can be reversed by the presence of 14-3-3r. Significantly, we further showed that 14-3-3r causes MDM2 downregulation, thereby stabilizing p53 and inhibiting tumor growth in animal tumors. Also, 14-3-3r blocks MDM2mediated retinoblastoma degradation and p53 NEDDylation. Our results provide evidence that 14-3-3r is a pivotal MDM2 regulator involved in blocking a variety of activities of MDM2.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63103123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32f170ea8ad52d46563385dc76dace79" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75639590,"asset_id":63103123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75639590/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146127892" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LinhLinh1212">Linh Linh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146127892" type="text/json">{"id":146127892,"first_name":"Linh","last_name":"Linh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LinhLinh1212","display_name":"Linh Linh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LinhLinh1212?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63103123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63103123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63103123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63103123", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63103123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63103123; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63103123"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63103123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63103123"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63103123; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63103123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63103123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63103123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63103123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage">DNA damage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23066" type="text/json">{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55266" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ubiquitin">Ubiquitin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55266" type="text/json">{"id":55266,"name":"Ubiquitin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ubiquitin?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene">Oncogene</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106169" type="text/json">{"id":106169,"name":"Oncogene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181569" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins">Proteins</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="181569" type="text/json">{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63103123]'), work: {"id":63103123,"title":"Roles for negative cell regulator 14-3-3σ in control of MDM2 activities","created_at":"2021-12-03T05:05:07.578-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63103123/Roles_for_negative_cell_regulator_14_3_3%CF%83_in_control_of_MDM2_activities?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_63103123","summary":"The 14-3-3r, upregulated by p53 in response to DNA damage, can have a positive-feedback impact driving p53 activities and is a human cancer epithelial marker downregulated in various tumors. However, the precise roles of 14-3-3r during tumorigenesis are not well characterized. Here, we show that 14-3-3r is a critical regulator of murine double minute oncogene (MDM2). 14-3-3r interacts with MDM2 at the RING domain. The C-terminal region of 14-3-3r binds to MDM2 very efficiently. Importantly, 14-3-3r overexpression leads to destabilization of MDM2 through enhancing MDM2 selfubiquitination and accelerating turnover rate. Conversely, loss of 14-3-3r results in a significant increase in MDM2 protein. Moreover, live-cell images indicated that 14-3-3r can affect the location of MDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that MDM2-mediated cytoplasmic localization of p53 can be reversed by the presence of 14-3-3r. Significantly, we further showed that 14-3-3r causes MDM2 downregulation, thereby stabilizing p53 and inhibiting tumor growth in animal tumors. Also, 14-3-3r blocks MDM2mediated retinoblastoma degradation and p53 NEDDylation. Our results provide evidence that 14-3-3r is a pivotal MDM2 regulator involved in blocking a variety of activities of MDM2.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75639590,"asset_id":63103123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146127892,"first_name":"Linh","last_name":"Linh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LinhLinh1212","display_name":"Linh Linh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LinhLinh1212?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":55266,"name":"Ubiquitin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ubiquitin?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":106169,"name":"Oncogene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":231896,"name":"Live cell Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Live_cell_Imaging?f_ri=295680"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":304590,"name":"Positive Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Feedback?f_ri=295680"},{"id":317801,"name":"Cell nucleus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_nucleus?f_ri=295680"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1166930,"name":"Cytoplasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoplasm?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1178162,"name":"Tumor Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Growth?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1969247,"name":"Ubiquitination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ubiquitination?f_ri=295680"},{"id":3024382,"name":"Turnover Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turnover_Rate?f_ri=295680"},{"id":3793278,"name":"Colonic Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonic_Neoplasms?f_ri=295680"},{"id":3840853,"name":"lung neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lung_neoplasms?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12299270" data-work_id="12299270" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12299270/Increased_Expression_of_p130_in_Alzheimer_Disease">Increased Expression of p130 in Alzheimer Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A number of recent findings support the notion of mechanistic parallels between Alzheimer disease (AD) and oncogenic processes, specifically, that neurons in AD, like cancer cells, display aberrant mitotic cell cycle re-entry. However,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12299270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A number of recent findings support the notion of mechanistic parallels between Alzheimer disease (AD) and oncogenic processes, specifically, that neurons in AD, like cancer cells, display aberrant mitotic cell cycle re-entry. However, the mechanism that drives postmitotic neurons to reenter cell cycle remains elusive. In this study, we focused on the retinoblastoma-related protein p130 in AD. p130 is a transcriptional regulator that complexes with E2F4/5 in the nucleus and suppresses genes that regulate entry into the cell cycle. Interestingly, our results show that there are increases in p130 in cytoplasm of susceptible pyramidal neurons as well as neuroglia, often surrounding senile plaques, and within Hirano bodies in AD. By marked contrast, p130 is found at background levels in non-diseased, age-matched controls. Our data suggest that, despite its upregulation, the aberrant localization of p130 to the neuronal cytoplasm facilitates neuronal cell cycle re-entry in AD.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12299270" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72bbf7c98544a886ea32c68359f52809" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46256535,"asset_id":12299270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46256535/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30911021" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBowser">Robert Bowser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30911021" type="text/json">{"id":30911021,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Bowser","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertBowser","display_name":"Robert Bowser","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBowser?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12299270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12299270"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12299270, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12299270", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12299270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12299270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12299270"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12299270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12299270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12299270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12299270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12299270").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12299270").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12299270"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10937" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation">Transcription Regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10937" type="text/json">{"id":10937,"name":"Transcription Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12299270]'), work: {"id":12299270,"title":"Increased Expression of p130 in Alzheimer Disease","created_at":"2015-05-08T13:31:02.212-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12299270/Increased_Expression_of_p130_in_Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_12299270","summary":"A number of recent findings support the notion of mechanistic parallels between Alzheimer disease (AD) and oncogenic processes, specifically, that neurons in AD, like cancer cells, display aberrant mitotic cell cycle re-entry. However, the mechanism that drives postmitotic neurons to reenter cell cycle remains elusive. In this study, we focused on the retinoblastoma-related protein p130 in AD. p130 is a transcriptional regulator that complexes with E2F4/5 in the nucleus and suppresses genes that regulate entry into the cell cycle. Interestingly, our results show that there are increases in p130 in cytoplasm of susceptible pyramidal neurons as well as neuroglia, often surrounding senile plaques, and within Hirano bodies in AD. By marked contrast, p130 is found at background levels in non-diseased, age-matched controls. Our data suggest that, despite its upregulation, the aberrant localization of p130 to the neuronal cytoplasm facilitates neuronal cell cycle re-entry in AD.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46256535,"asset_id":12299270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30911021,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Bowser","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertBowser","display_name":"Robert Bowser","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertBowser?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":10937,"name":"Transcription Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=295680"},{"id":196442,"name":"Astrocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astrocytes?f_ri=295680"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":493558,"name":"Neocortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neocortex?f_ri=295680"},{"id":981291,"name":"Brain Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Chemistry?f_ri=295680"},{"id":992249,"name":"Neurofibrillary Tangles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurofibrillary_Tangles?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1166930,"name":"Cytoplasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoplasm?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1763968,"name":"Gene Expression Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Regulation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1991090,"name":"Neurochemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurochemical?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2058474,"name":"Senile Plaques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senile_Plaques?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34647808" data-work_id="34647808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34647808/Array_comparative_genomic_hybridization_in_retinoma_and_retinoblastoma_tissues">Array comparative genomic hybridization in retinoma and retinoblastoma tissues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In retinoblastoma, two RB1 mutations are necessary for tumor development. Recurrent genomic rearrangements may represent subsequent events required for retinoblastoma progression. Array-comparative genomic hybridization was carried out in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34647808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In retinoblastoma, two RB1 mutations are necessary for tumor development. Recurrent genomic rearrangements may represent subsequent events required for retinoblastoma progression. Array-comparative genomic hybridization was carried out in 18 eye samples, 10 from bilateral and eight from unilateral retinoblastoma patients. Two unilateral cases also showed areas of retinoma. The most frequent imbalance in retinoblastomas was 6p gain (40%), followed by gains at 1q12-q25.3, 2p24.3-p24.2, 9q22.2, and 9q33.1 and losses at 11q24.3, 13q13.2-q22.3, and 16q12.1-q21. Bilateral cases showed a lower number of imbalances than unilateral cases (P = 0.002). Unilateral cases were divided into low-level (£4) and high-level (³7) chromosomal instability groups. The first group presented with younger age at diagnosis (mean 511 days) compared with the second group (mean 1606 days). In one retinoma case ophthalmoscopically diagnosed as a benign lesion no rearrangements were detected, whereas the adjacent retinoblastoma displayed seven aberrations. The other retinoma case identified by retrospective histopathological examination shared three rearrangements with the adjacent retinoblastoma. Two other gene-free rearrangements were retinoma specific. One rearrangement, dup5p, was retinoblastoma specific and included the SKP2 gene. Genomic profiling indicated that the first retinoma was a pretumoral lesion, whereas the other represents a subclone of cells bearing 'benign' rearrangements overwhelmed by another subclone presenting aberrations with higher 'oncogenic' potential. In summary, the present study shows that bilateral and unilateral retinoblastoma have different chromosomal instability that correlates with the age of tumor onset in unilateral cases. This is the first report of genomic profiling in retinoma tissue, shedding light on the different nature of lesions named 'retinoma'. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 465-471) R etinoblastoma (RB, OMIM#180200) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, initiated by the inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 tumor-suppressor gene. Approximately 40% of RB patients carry a predisposing germline mutation transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait. In these patients, inactivation of the second RB1 allele occurs in the retinal cells and generally results in multiple and often bilateral tumors. In the remaining 60% of children, both mutational events occur in the same retinal cell leading to unilateral sporadic RB. Retinoma (RN), a benign retinal lesion, is considered to be the precursor of RB. Unlike RB, which is typically opaque white, RN appears as a translucent gray retinal mass, frequently associated with calcification and retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia. The histopathology of RN includes foci of photoreceptor differentiation (fleurettes), momomorphic round nuclei, abundant fibrillar eosinophilic stroma, and absence of mitotic activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the two mutational events inactivating the RB1 gene are already present in RN. (4) Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization on specific candidate genes, it has also been shown that RN display low-level copy number changes involving higher levels of amplification in adjacent RB. A study by Dimaras et al. in RN importantly clarified that the two hits in RB1 (M1-M2) do not inevitably cause a malignant phenotype but only genomic instability. (4) At some point this instability can lead to further genomic rearrangements (M3-Mn) that result in tumor progression. Cytogenetic and conventional or microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have detected recurrent genomic alterations in RB: gain of 1q, 2p, 6p, and 13q and loss of 16q. (9) These data strongly suggest that these changes may represent M3-Mn events driving tumor progression in RB. In this scenario, RN represents a very interesting tissue to study the timing of genomic instability in RB development. However, molecular studies in this lesion are limited by sample availability as patients with only RN are not treated, and the coexistence of RN and RB in enucleated eyes is not frequently observed. Array-based CGH technology, designed for detecting segmental genomic alterations at high resolution, have enabled the profiling of human cancer genomes, defining regions and genes involved in cancer development and progression. To date, genomic rearrangements in RB tissues have been principally investigated by cytogenetic and conventional CGH and only one array-CGH study has been published. To our knowledge, genome-wide studies in RN tissues have never been carried out.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34647808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02e7dd09c50b041ca0dcedec95bab343" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54508202,"asset_id":34647808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54508202/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68566827" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KatiaSampieri">Katia Sampieri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68566827" type="text/json">{"id":68566827,"first_name":"Katia","last_name":"Sampieri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatiaSampieri","display_name":"Katia Sampieri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatiaSampieri?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34647808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34647808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34647808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34647808", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34647808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34647808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34647808"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34647808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34647808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34647808; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34647808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34647808").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34647808").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34647808"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation">Mutation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74780" type="text/json">{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers">Lasers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80221" type="text/json">{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34647808]'), work: {"id":34647808,"title":"Array comparative genomic hybridization in retinoma and retinoblastoma tissues","created_at":"2017-09-22T10:36:34.895-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34647808/Array_comparative_genomic_hybridization_in_retinoma_and_retinoblastoma_tissues?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_34647808","summary":"In retinoblastoma, two RB1 mutations are necessary for tumor development. Recurrent genomic rearrangements may represent subsequent events required for retinoblastoma progression. Array-comparative genomic hybridization was carried out in 18 eye samples, 10 from bilateral and eight from unilateral retinoblastoma patients. Two unilateral cases also showed areas of retinoma. The most frequent imbalance in retinoblastomas was 6p gain (40%), followed by gains at 1q12-q25.3, 2p24.3-p24.2, 9q22.2, and 9q33.1 and losses at 11q24.3, 13q13.2-q22.3, and 16q12.1-q21. Bilateral cases showed a lower number of imbalances than unilateral cases (P = 0.002). Unilateral cases were divided into low-level (£4) and high-level (³7) chromosomal instability groups. The first group presented with younger age at diagnosis (mean 511 days) compared with the second group (mean 1606 days). In one retinoma case ophthalmoscopically diagnosed as a benign lesion no rearrangements were detected, whereas the adjacent retinoblastoma displayed seven aberrations. The other retinoma case identified by retrospective histopathological examination shared three rearrangements with the adjacent retinoblastoma. Two other gene-free rearrangements were retinoma specific. One rearrangement, dup5p, was retinoblastoma specific and included the SKP2 gene. Genomic profiling indicated that the first retinoma was a pretumoral lesion, whereas the other represents a subclone of cells bearing 'benign' rearrangements overwhelmed by another subclone presenting aberrations with higher 'oncogenic' potential. In summary, the present study shows that bilateral and unilateral retinoblastoma have different chromosomal instability that correlates with the age of tumor onset in unilateral cases. This is the first report of genomic profiling in retinoma tissue, shedding light on the different nature of lesions named 'retinoma'. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 465-471) R etinoblastoma (RB, OMIM#180200) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children, initiated by the inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 tumor-suppressor gene. Approximately 40% of RB patients carry a predisposing germline mutation transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait. In these patients, inactivation of the second RB1 allele occurs in the retinal cells and generally results in multiple and often bilateral tumors. In the remaining 60% of children, both mutational events occur in the same retinal cell leading to unilateral sporadic RB. Retinoma (RN), a benign retinal lesion, is considered to be the precursor of RB. Unlike RB, which is typically opaque white, RN appears as a translucent gray retinal mass, frequently associated with calcification and retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia. The histopathology of RN includes foci of photoreceptor differentiation (fleurettes), momomorphic round nuclei, abundant fibrillar eosinophilic stroma, and absence of mitotic activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the two mutational events inactivating the RB1 gene are already present in RN. (4) Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization on specific candidate genes, it has also been shown that RN display low-level copy number changes involving higher levels of amplification in adjacent RB. A study by Dimaras et al. in RN importantly clarified that the two hits in RB1 (M1-M2) do not inevitably cause a malignant phenotype but only genomic instability. (4) At some point this instability can lead to further genomic rearrangements (M3-Mn) that result in tumor progression. Cytogenetic and conventional or microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies have detected recurrent genomic alterations in RB: gain of 1q, 2p, 6p, and 13q and loss of 16q. (9) These data strongly suggest that these changes may represent M3-Mn events driving tumor progression in RB. In this scenario, RN represents a very interesting tissue to study the timing of genomic instability in RB development. However, molecular studies in this lesion are limited by sample availability as patients with only RN are not treated, and the coexistence of RN and RB in enucleated eyes is not frequently observed. Array-based CGH technology, designed for detecting segmental genomic alterations at high resolution, have enabled the profiling of human cancer genomes, defining regions and genes involved in cancer development and progression. To date, genomic rearrangements in RB tissues have been principally investigated by cytogenetic and conventional CGH and only one array-CGH study has been published. To our knowledge, genome-wide studies in RN tissues have never been carried out.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54508202,"asset_id":34647808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68566827,"first_name":"Katia","last_name":"Sampieri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KatiaSampieri","display_name":"Katia Sampieri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KatiaSampieri?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":82990,"name":"Microdissection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microdissection?f_ri=295680"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1489115,"name":"Age of Onset","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_of_Onset?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1557716,"name":"Comparative Genomic Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Genomic_Hybridization?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1579511,"name":"Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Array_Comparative_Genomic_Hybridization?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1975965,"name":"retinoblastoma protein (RB1).","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/retinoblastoma_protein_RB1_?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2482159,"name":"DNA mutational analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_mutational_analysis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_781433" data-work_id="781433" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/781433/Cell_cycle_control_checkpoint_mechanisms_and_genotoxic_stress">Cell cycle control, checkpoint mechanisms, and genotoxic stress.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The ability of cells to maintain genomic integrity is vital for cell survival and proliferation. Lack of fidelity in DNA replication and maintenance can result in deleterious mutations leading to cell death or, in multicellular organisms,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_781433" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The ability of cells to maintain genomic integrity is vital for cell survival and proliferation. Lack of fidelity in DNA replication and maintenance can result in deleterious mutations leading to cell death or, in multicellular organisms, cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the known signal transduction pathways that regulate cell cycle progression and the mechanisms cells employ to insure DNA stability in the face of genotoxic stress. In particular, we focus on mammalian cell cycle checkpoint functions, their role in maintaining DNA stability during the cell cycle following exposure to genotoxic agents, and the gene products that act in checkpoint function signal transduction cascades. Key transitions in the cell cycle are regulated by the activities of various protein kinase complexes composed of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) molecules. Surveillance control mechanisms that check to ensure proper completion of early events and cellular integrity before initiation of subsequent events in cell cycle progression are referred to as cell cycle checkpoints and can generate a transient delay that provides the cell more time to repair damage before progressing to the next phase of the cycle. A variety of cellular responses are elicited that function in checkpoint signaling to inhibit cyclin/Cdk activities. These responses include the p53-dependent and p53-independent induction of Cdk inhibitors and the p53-independent inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk molecules themselves. Eliciting proper Gl, S, and G2 checkpoint responses to double-strand DNA breaks requires the function of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product. Several human heritable cancer-prone syndromes known to alter DNA stability have been found to have defects in checkpoint surveillance pathways. Exposures to several common sources of genotoxic stress, including oxidative stress, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and the genotoxic compound benzo[alpyrene, elicit cell cycle checkpoint responses that show both similarities and differences in their molecular signaling. -Environ Health Perspect 107(Suppl 1):5-24 (1999). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/Suppl-1/ 5-24shackelford/abstract. html</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/781433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4237d163178298cbe8a0fabf57a1389f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51241090,"asset_id":781433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51241090/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="614039" href="https://tulane.academia.edu/RodneyShackelford">Rodney Shackelford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="614039" type="text/json">{"id":614039,"first_name":"Rodney","last_name":"Shackelford","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"RodneyShackelford","display_name":"Rodney Shackelford","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/RodneyShackelford?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/614039/213765/249642/s65_rodney.shackelford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_781433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="781433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 781433, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_781433", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_781433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 781433; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_781433"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_781433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="781433"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 781433; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=781433]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_781433").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_781433").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="781433"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair">DNA repair</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23067" type="text/json">{"id":23067,"name":"DNA repair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=781433]'), work: {"id":781433,"title":"Cell cycle control, checkpoint mechanisms, and genotoxic stress.","created_at":"2011-07-27T07:20:39.223-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/781433/Cell_cycle_control_checkpoint_mechanisms_and_genotoxic_stress?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_781433","summary":"The ability of cells to maintain genomic integrity is vital for cell survival and proliferation. Lack of fidelity in DNA replication and maintenance can result in deleterious mutations leading to cell death or, in multicellular organisms, cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss the known signal transduction pathways that regulate cell cycle progression and the mechanisms cells employ to insure DNA stability in the face of genotoxic stress. In particular, we focus on mammalian cell cycle checkpoint functions, their role in maintaining DNA stability during the cell cycle following exposure to genotoxic agents, and the gene products that act in checkpoint function signal transduction cascades. Key transitions in the cell cycle are regulated by the activities of various protein kinase complexes composed of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) molecules. Surveillance control mechanisms that check to ensure proper completion of early events and cellular integrity before initiation of subsequent events in cell cycle progression are referred to as cell cycle checkpoints and can generate a transient delay that provides the cell more time to repair damage before progressing to the next phase of the cycle. A variety of cellular responses are elicited that function in checkpoint signaling to inhibit cyclin/Cdk activities. These responses include the p53-dependent and p53-independent induction of Cdk inhibitors and the p53-independent inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk molecules themselves. Eliciting proper Gl, S, and G2 checkpoint responses to double-strand DNA breaks requires the function of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product. Several human heritable cancer-prone syndromes known to alter DNA stability have been found to have defects in checkpoint surveillance pathways. Exposures to several common sources of genotoxic stress, including oxidative stress, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and the genotoxic compound benzo[alpyrene, elicit cell cycle checkpoint responses that show both similarities and differences in their molecular signaling. -Environ Health Perspect 107(Suppl 1):5-24 (1999). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/Suppl-1/ 5-24shackelford/abstract. html","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51241090,"asset_id":781433,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":614039,"first_name":"Rodney","last_name":"Shackelford","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"RodneyShackelford","display_name":"Rodney Shackelford","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/RodneyShackelford?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/614039/213765/249642/s65_rodney.shackelford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":23067,"name":"DNA repair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_repair?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":67129,"name":"Caffeine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caffeine?f_ri=295680"},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1453341,"name":"Ataxia Telangiectasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ataxia_Telangiectasia?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19918560 coauthored" data-work_id="19918560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19918560/Phthisis_Bulbi_Clinical_and_Pathologic_Findings_in_Retinoblastoma">Phthisis Bulbi: Clinical and Pathologic Findings in Retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: Phthisis bulbi represents an ocular end-stage disease characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the eye.We aim at identifying the pathologic changes of phthisis bulbi associated with retinoblastoma. Design: Retrospective... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19918560" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: Phthisis bulbi represents an ocular end-stage disease characterized by shrinkage and disorganization<br />of the eye.We aim at identifying the pathologic changes of phthisis bulbi associated<br />with retinoblastoma. Design: Retrospective observational case series study. Methods: 16 enucleated<br />eyeswere enrolled retrospectively between 2007 and 2012. Pathologic gross and microscopic<br />findingswere assessed. Results: Cases showed grossly shrunken eyes with amean volume of 4.3 cc.<br />Sclerawas markedly thickened in the majority of caseswithmean of 2272.8 μ. Choroid showed an<br />average thickness of 1029 μ. Necrosis, dystrophic calcification, ossification, gliosis, residual viable<br />tumor was identified in many cases. Pathologic high risk factors were seen in three specimens.<br />Conclusions:We conclude that retinoblastoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of<br />phthisis bulbi in the pediatric patients and active tumor was present in half of the patients.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19918560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e1183ee9b7f4da5f7803f6b6f468065" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40915431,"asset_id":19918560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40915431/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2088547" href="https://charite-de.academia.edu/AhmadSamir">Ahmad Samir Alfaar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2088547" type="text/json">{"id":2088547,"first_name":"Ahmad Samir","last_name":"Alfaar","domain_name":"charite-de","page_name":"AhmadSamir","display_name":"Ahmad Samir Alfaar","profile_url":"https://charite-de.academia.edu/AhmadSamir?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2088547/681912/846194/s65_ahmad.samir.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19918560">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19918560"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HossamElzomor">Hossam Elzomor</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19918560'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19918560').html(); 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Design: Retrospective observational case series study. Methods: 16 enucleated\neyeswere enrolled retrospectively between 2007 and 2012. Pathologic gross and microscopic\nfindingswere assessed. Results: Cases showed grossly shrunken eyes with amean volume of 4.3 cc.\nSclerawas markedly thickened in the majority of caseswithmean of 2272.8 μ. Choroid showed an\naverage thickness of 1029 μ. Necrosis, dystrophic calcification, ossification, gliosis, residual viable\ntumor was identified in many cases. Pathologic high risk factors were seen in three specimens.\nConclusions:We conclude that retinoblastoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of\nphthisis bulbi in the pediatric patients and active tumor was present in half of the patients.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40915431,"asset_id":19918560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2088547,"first_name":"Ahmad Samir","last_name":"Alfaar","domain_name":"charite-de","page_name":"AhmadSamir","display_name":"Ahmad Samir Alfaar","profile_url":"https://charite-de.academia.edu/AhmadSamir?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2088547/681912/846194/s65_ahmad.samir.jpg"},{"id":41133803,"first_name":"Hossam","last_name":"Elzomor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HossamElzomor","display_name":"Hossam 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34437483]'), work: {"id":34437483,"title":"Pars plana ciliary epithelial proliferation in 13q deletion 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1225171,"name":"Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syndrome?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2582739,"name":"Chromosome 22q11 deletion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromosome_22q11_deletion?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26971195" data-work_id="26971195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26971195/Questioning_the_need_for_routine_bone_marrow_aspiration_and_lumbar_puncture_in_patients_with_retinoblastoma">Questioning the need for routine bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture in patients with retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: This study assesses the value of routinely investigating children with retinoblastoma with bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture, staging investigations not without risk and trauma to the patient, emotional stress on parents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26971195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: This study assesses the value of routinely investigating children with retinoblastoma with bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture, staging investigations not without risk and trauma to the patient, emotional stress on parents and financial cost to the community.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26971195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85006a0d9e2beaa5a73cf787d5a085a1" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":50993220,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Dalla-pozza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LDallapozza","display_name":"Luciano Dalla-pozza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LDallapozza?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26971195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26971195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26971195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26971195", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26971195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 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type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159239" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_marrow">Bone marrow</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159239" type="text/json">{"id":159239,"name":"Bone marrow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_marrow?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26971195]'), work: {"id":26971195,"title":"Questioning the need for routine bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture in patients with retinoblastoma","created_at":"2016-07-13T22:20:24.875-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26971195/Questioning_the_need_for_routine_bone_marrow_aspiration_and_lumbar_puncture_in_patients_with_retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_26971195","summary":"Purpose: This study assesses the value of routinely investigating children with retinoblastoma with bone marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture, staging investigations not without risk and trauma to the patient, emotional stress on parents and financial cost to the community.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47233894,"asset_id":26971195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50993220,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Dalla-pozza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LDallapozza","display_name":"Luciano Dalla-pozza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LDallapozza?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":159239,"name":"Bone marrow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_marrow?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":763299,"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_and_Experimental_Hypnosis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2178525,"name":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Clinical_and_Experimental_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37373654" data-work_id="37373654" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37373654/Modified_prosthetic_rehabilitation_of_an_enucleated_pediatric_patient_with_exposed_intraocular_implant">Modified prosthetic rehabilitation of an enucleated pediatric patient with exposed intraocular implant</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Retinoblastoma is one of the leading cancers in children below 5 years, leaving an ocular defect after enucleation. The loss of an eye requires early replacement so that socket contraction is minimal, growth of surrounding... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37373654" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Retinoblastoma is one of the leading cancers in children below 5 years, leaving an ocular defect after enucleation. The loss of an eye requires early replacement so that socket contraction is minimal, growth of surrounding tissues is less retarted and the patient may return to a normal social life. Primary placement (at the time of enucleation) of hydroxyapatite intraocular implants is done in order to prevent volume defi cit and increase motility of the prosthesis. Exposure of this implant is a common complication where the amount of exposure usually decides the treatment modality. Large exposures requires surgical correction whereas small exposures may be managed conservatively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37373654" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fe72473054370e480eeceb400a4e3421" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57335679,"asset_id":37373654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57335679/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16083860" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeertechzJournals">Peertechz Journals</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16083860" type="text/json">{"id":16083860,"first_name":"Peertechz","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeertechzJournals","display_name":"Peertechz Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeertechzJournals?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16083860/4365511/16997978/s65_peertechz.journals.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37373654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37373654"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37373654, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37373654", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37373654]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37373654").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37373654").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37373654"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="596" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry">Dentistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="596" type="text/json">{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1272715" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocular_Prosthesis">Ocular Prosthesis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1272715" type="text/json">{"id":1272715,"name":"Ocular Prosthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocular_Prosthesis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37373654]'), work: {"id":37373654,"title":"Modified prosthetic rehabilitation of an enucleated pediatric patient with exposed intraocular implant","created_at":"2018-09-10T06:00:32.088-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37373654/Modified_prosthetic_rehabilitation_of_an_enucleated_pediatric_patient_with_exposed_intraocular_implant?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_37373654","summary":"Introduction: Retinoblastoma is one of the leading cancers in children below 5 years, leaving an ocular defect after enucleation. The loss of an eye requires early replacement so that socket contraction is minimal, growth of surrounding tissues is less retarted and the patient may return to a normal social life. Primary placement (at the time of enucleation) of hydroxyapatite intraocular implants is done in order to prevent volume defi cit and increase motility of the prosthesis. Exposure of this implant is a common complication where the amount of exposure usually decides the treatment modality. Large exposures requires surgical correction whereas small exposures may be managed conservatively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57335679,"asset_id":37373654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16083860,"first_name":"Peertechz","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeertechzJournals","display_name":"Peertechz Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeertechzJournals?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16083860/4365511/16997978/s65_peertechz.journals.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":596,"name":"Dentistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dentistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":1272715,"name":"Ocular Prosthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocular_Prosthesis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27502320" data-work_id="27502320" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27502320/Retinoblastoma_Review_of_Current_Management">Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">After completing this course, the reader will be able to:</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27502320" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b2cb5ee537cab864340a150a69820a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47758586,"asset_id":27502320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47758586/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51596357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz">Richard Hurwitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51596357" type="text/json">{"id":51596357,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Hurwitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardHurwitz","display_name":"Richard Hurwitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27502320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27502320"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27502320, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27502320", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27502320]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27502320").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27502320").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27502320"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy">Radiation Therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10030" type="text/json">{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="764258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_Radiation">Ionizing Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="764258" type="text/json">{"id":764258,"name":"Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1476689" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncologist">Oncologist</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1476689" type="text/json">{"id":1476689,"name":"Oncologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncologist?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27502320]'), work: {"id":27502320,"title":"Retinoblastoma: Review of Current Management","created_at":"2016-08-03T07:49:45.953-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27502320/Retinoblastoma_Review_of_Current_Management?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_27502320","summary":"After completing this course, the reader will be able to:","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47758586,"asset_id":27502320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51596357,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Hurwitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardHurwitz","display_name":"Richard Hurwitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":764258,"name":"Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":1476689,"name":"Oncologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncologist?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27502319" data-work_id="27502319" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27502319/Tumorspheres_but_Not_Adherent_Cells_Derived_from_Retinoblastoma_Tumors_Are_of_Malignant_Origin">Tumorspheres but Not Adherent Cells Derived from Retinoblastoma Tumors Are of Malignant Origin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Verification that cell lines used for cancer research are derived from malignant cells in primary tumors is imperative to avoid invalidation of study results. Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular tumor that develops from loss of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27502319" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Verification that cell lines used for cancer research are derived from malignant cells in primary tumors is imperative to avoid invalidation of study results. Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular tumor that develops from loss of functional retinoblastoma protein (pRb) as a result of genetic or epigenetic changes that affect both alleles of the RB1 gene. These patients contain unique identifiable genetic signatures specifically present in malignant cells. Primary cultures derived from retinoblastoma tumors can be established as non-adherent tumorspheres when grown in defined media or as attached monolayers when grown in serum-containing media. While the RB1 genotypes of tumorspheres match those of the primary tumor, adherent cultures have the germline RB1 genotype. Tumorspheres derived from pRb-negative tumors do not express pRb and express the neuroendocrine tumor markers synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Adherent cells are synaptophysin-negative and express pRb, the epithelial cell marker cytokeratin that is expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium and the vascular endothelial cell marker CD34. While tumorspheres are of malignant origin, our results cast doubt on the assumption that adherent tumor-derived cultures are always valid in vitro models of malignant cells and emphasize the need for validation of primary tumor cultures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27502319" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c6f403f4c67f262db2344bb8003addf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47758661,"asset_id":27502319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47758661/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51596357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz">Richard Hurwitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51596357" type="text/json">{"id":51596357,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Hurwitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardHurwitz","display_name":"Richard Hurwitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27502319 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27502319"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27502319, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27502319", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27502319]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27502319").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27502319").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27502319"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27502319]'), work: {"id":27502319,"title":"Tumorspheres but Not Adherent Cells Derived from Retinoblastoma Tumors Are of Malignant Origin","created_at":"2016-08-03T07:49:45.768-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27502319/Tumorspheres_but_Not_Adherent_Cells_Derived_from_Retinoblastoma_Tumors_Are_of_Malignant_Origin?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_27502319","summary":"Verification that cell lines used for cancer research are derived from malignant cells in primary tumors is imperative to avoid invalidation of study results. Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular tumor that develops from loss of functional retinoblastoma protein (pRb) as a result of genetic or epigenetic changes that affect both alleles of the RB1 gene. These patients contain unique identifiable genetic signatures specifically present in malignant cells. Primary cultures derived from retinoblastoma tumors can be established as non-adherent tumorspheres when grown in defined media or as attached monolayers when grown in serum-containing media. While the RB1 genotypes of tumorspheres match those of the primary tumor, adherent cultures have the germline RB1 genotype. Tumorspheres derived from pRb-negative tumors do not express pRb and express the neuroendocrine tumor markers synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Adherent cells are synaptophysin-negative and express pRb, the epithelial cell marker cytokeratin that is expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium and the vascular endothelial cell marker CD34. While tumorspheres are of malignant origin, our results cast doubt on the assumption that adherent tumor-derived cultures are always valid in vitro models of malignant cells and emphasize the need for validation of primary tumor cultures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47758661,"asset_id":27502319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51596357,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Hurwitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardHurwitz","display_name":"Richard Hurwitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHurwitz?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":10055,"name":"Cell Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Adhesion?f_ri=295680"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=295680"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=295680"},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21746272" data-work_id="21746272" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21746272/Retinoblastoma_in_a_child_conceived_by_in_vitro_fertilisation">Retinoblastoma in a child conceived by in vitro fertilisation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21746272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="328a4134c39d507cb08cd22dd18ea5b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42522755,"asset_id":21746272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42522755/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32527799" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/JamesGrifo">James Grifo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32527799" type="text/json">{"id":32527799,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grifo","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"JamesGrifo","display_name":"James Grifo","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/JamesGrifo?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21746272 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21746272"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21746272, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21746272", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21746272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21746272").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21746272").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21746272"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98918" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Fertilisation">In Vitro Fertilisation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98918" type="text/json">{"id":98918,"name":"In Vitro Fertilisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Fertilisation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors">Risk factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="192721" type="text/json">{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21746272]'), work: {"id":21746272,"title":"Retinoblastoma in a child conceived by in vitro fertilisation","created_at":"2016-02-09T18:49:42.324-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21746272/Retinoblastoma_in_a_child_conceived_by_in_vitro_fertilisation?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_21746272","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42522755,"asset_id":21746272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32527799,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Grifo","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"JamesGrifo","display_name":"James Grifo","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/JamesGrifo?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98918,"name":"In Vitro Fertilisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Vitro_Fertilisation?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":613442,"name":"Fertilization in Vitro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertilization_in_Vitro?f_ri=295680"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36548816" data-work_id="36548816" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36548816/Differential_Diagnostics_of_a_Tonsillar_Lymphoangiomatous_Polyp">Differential Diagnostics of a Tonsillar Lymphoangiomatous Polyp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An overview of a rare clinical case of a tonsillar lymphoangiomatous polyp in a patient with a history of retinoblastoma. A sample of tonsillar tissue was taken for histological review and appropriate stainings applied to establish the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36548816" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An overview of a rare clinical case of a tonsillar lymphoangiomatous polyp in a patient with a history of retinoblastoma. A sample of tonsillar tissue was taken for histological review and appropriate stainings applied to establish the aetiology of the condition and exclude certain malignancies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36548816" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9391a0afae18e1b4e625a79343730e34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56473383,"asset_id":36548816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56473383/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81259707" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NJHS">National Journal of Health Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81259707" type="text/json">{"id":81259707,"first_name":"National Journal of","last_name":"Health Sciences","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NJHS","display_name":"National Journal of Health Sciences","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NJHS?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81259707/19653039/19527565/s65_national_journal_of.health_sciences.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36548816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36548816"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36548816, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36548816", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36548816]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36548816").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36548816").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36548816"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology">Cancer Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14195" type="text/json">{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyp">Polyp</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="176896" type="text/json">{"id":176896,"name":"Polyp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyp?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36548816]'), work: {"id":36548816,"title":"Differential Diagnostics of a Tonsillar Lymphoangiomatous Polyp","created_at":"2018-05-02T03:47:34.417-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36548816/Differential_Diagnostics_of_a_Tonsillar_Lymphoangiomatous_Polyp?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_36548816","summary":"An overview of a rare clinical case of a tonsillar lymphoangiomatous polyp in a patient with a history of retinoblastoma. A sample of tonsillar tissue was taken for histological review and appropriate stainings applied to establish the aetiology of the condition and exclude certain malignancies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56473383,"asset_id":36548816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81259707,"first_name":"National Journal of","last_name":"Health Sciences","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NJHS","display_name":"National Journal of Health Sciences","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NJHS?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81259707/19653039/19527565/s65_national_journal_of.health_sciences.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":176896,"name":"Polyp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyp?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14006189" data-work_id="14006189" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14006189/Gene_Therapy_for_Genetic_and_Acquired_Retinal_Diseases">Gene Therapy for Genetic and Acquired Retinal Diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present an overview of the current status of basic science and translational research being applied to gene therapy for eye disease, focusing on diseases of the retina. We discuss the viral and nonviral methods being used to transfer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14006189" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present an overview of the current status of basic science and translational research being applied to gene therapy for eye disease, focusing on diseases of the retina. We discuss the viral and nonviral methods being used to transfer genes to the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. We review the various genetic and somatic treatment strategies that are being used for genetically determined and acquired diseases of the retina, including gene replacement, gene silencing by ribozymes and antisense oligonucleotides, suicide gene therapy, antiapoptosis, and growth factor therapies. The rationales for the specific therapeutic approaches to each disease are discussed. Schematics of gene transfer methods and therapeutic approaches are presented together with a glossary of gene transfer terminology. ( Surv Ophthalmol 47: 449-469, 2002.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14006189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="244390bf340bddf9d8f46438a16f20b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44712336,"asset_id":14006189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44712336/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33041025" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardChaum">Edward Chaum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33041025" type="text/json">{"id":33041025,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Chaum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardChaum","display_name":"Edward Chaum","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardChaum?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14006189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14006189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14006189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14006189", }); 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We discuss the viral and nonviral methods being used to transfer genes to the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. We review the various genetic and somatic treatment strategies that are being used for genetically determined and acquired diseases of the retina, including gene replacement, gene silencing by ribozymes and antisense oligonucleotides, suicide gene therapy, antiapoptosis, and growth factor therapies. The rationales for the specific therapeutic approaches to each disease are discussed. Schematics of gene transfer methods and therapeutic approaches are presented together with a glossary of gene transfer terminology. ( Surv Ophthalmol 47: 449-469, 2002.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44712336,"asset_id":14006189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33041025,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Chaum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwardChaum","display_name":"Edward Chaum","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardChaum?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":7864,"name":"Gene Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Therapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":24405,"name":"Translational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translational_Research?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":27187,"name":"Retinal Pigment Epithelium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Pigment_Epithelium?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":32923,"name":"Gene Silencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Silencing?f_ri=295680"},{"id":84960,"name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinitis_pigmentosa?f_ri=295680"},{"id":111011,"name":"Gene transfer techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_transfer_techniques?f_ri=295680"},{"id":135773,"name":"Eye Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Disease?f_ri=295680"},{"id":139145,"name":"Retinal Degeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Degeneration?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":500994,"name":"Antisense Oligonucleotide Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisense_Oligonucleotide_Drugs?f_ri=295680"},{"id":951344,"name":"Growth Factor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Factor?f_ri=295680"},{"id":990525,"name":"Retinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Diseases?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11072666" data-work_id="11072666" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11072666/Retinoblastoma_Recognise_the_Disease_early_and_save_a_childs_life">Retinoblastoma : Recognise the Disease early and save a child's life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor of childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 16,000 to 18,000 live births. The most common symptoms of retinoblastoma are leukocoria and strabismus. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11072666" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor of childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 16,000 to 18,000 live births. The most common symptoms of retinoblastoma are leukocoria and strabismus. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma is delayed in the developing countries when compared to that of developed countries. The management of retinoblastoma has dramatically changed over the years from previous radiotherapy methods to current chemotherapy strategies. The treatment of choice in less advanced cases is chemotherapy and in more advanced cases is enucleation. With the improved treatment strategies, patient survival, globe salvage, and vision salvage in patients with retinoblastoma has drastically improved over the years. The aim of this article is to discuss the presenting features, treatment strategies, and prognosis of retinoblastoma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11072666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8afcf29d19cf484f1a074f950808aceb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36765941,"asset_id":11072666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36765941/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26769768" href="https://ijhrmims.academia.edu/ijhrmims">IJHR MIMS</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26769768" type="text/json">{"id":26769768,"first_name":"IJHR","last_name":"MIMS","domain_name":"ijhrmims","page_name":"ijhrmims","display_name":"IJHR MIMS","profile_url":"https://ijhrmims.academia.edu/ijhrmims?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26769768/7489801/8414193/s65_murthy.yvss.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11072666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11072666"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11072666, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11072666", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11072666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11072666; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11072666"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11072666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11072666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11072666; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11072666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11072666").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11072666").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11072666"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9114" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotherapy">Chemotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9114" type="text/json">{"id":9114,"name":"Chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology">Cancer Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14195" type="text/json">{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy">Radiotherapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19354" type="text/json">{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11072666]'), work: {"id":11072666,"title":"Retinoblastoma : Recognise the Disease early and save a child's life","created_at":"2015-02-25T02:07:59.908-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11072666/Retinoblastoma_Recognise_the_Disease_early_and_save_a_childs_life?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_11072666","summary":"Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular tumor of childhood, with an incidence of 1 in 16,000 to 18,000 live births. The most common symptoms of retinoblastoma are leukocoria and strabismus. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma is delayed in the developing countries when compared to that of developed countries. The management of retinoblastoma has dramatically changed over the years from previous radiotherapy methods to current chemotherapy strategies. The treatment of choice in less advanced cases is chemotherapy and in more advanced cases is enucleation. With the improved treatment strategies, patient survival, globe salvage, and vision salvage in patients with retinoblastoma has drastically improved over the years. The aim of this article is to discuss the presenting features, treatment strategies, and prognosis of retinoblastoma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36765941,"asset_id":11072666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26769768,"first_name":"IJHR","last_name":"MIMS","domain_name":"ijhrmims","page_name":"ijhrmims","display_name":"IJHR MIMS","profile_url":"https://ijhrmims.academia.edu/ijhrmims?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26769768/7489801/8414193/s65_murthy.yvss.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":9114,"name":"Chemotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6620016" data-work_id="6620016" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6620016/Familial_retinoblastoma_in_developing_countries">Familial retinoblastoma in developing countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BackgroundAlthough screening for familial retinoblastoma has been shown to be beneficial we suspected that such screening programs may be less than optimal in developing countries (DC).Although screening for familial retinoblastoma has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6620016" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BackgroundAlthough screening for familial retinoblastoma has been shown to be beneficial we suspected that such screening programs may be less than optimal in developing countries (DC).Although screening for familial retinoblastoma has been shown to be beneficial we suspected that such screening programs may be less than optimal in developing countries (DC).MethodsRetrospective cohort study comparing patients with familial retinoblastoma from five centers in DC (Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, Jordan, and Venezuela) versus a reference center in the USA.Retrospective cohort study comparing patients with familial retinoblastoma from five centers in DC (Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, Jordan, and Venezuela) versus a reference center in the USA.ResultsNinety-two (32 from the USA and 60 from DC) patients were included. Forty-one (44.6%) patients avoided enucleation, 42 (45.7%) had 1 eye removed, and 9 (9.8%) underwent bilateral enucleation. Eleven (11.9%) had major pathology risk factors at enucleation. There were no cases of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Detection via screening was significantly less common in DC than in the USA (23.3% vs. 71.8%, P < 0.0001). Patients in DC were diagnosed at a significantly later age and with more advanced intraocular disease that led to increased risk of bilateral enucleation. Patients detected by screening in DC were significantly younger at diagnosis, had less advanced intraocular disease, better ocular preservation rates and survival results than those whose retinoblastoma was not detected via early screening. Five-year pEFS was 0.92 for the patients treated in the USA and 0.81 for the patients in DC (P = 0.42). Seven events occurred (extraocular relapse four in patients from DC and second malignancies in three).Ninety-two (32 from the USA and 60 from DC) patients were included. Forty-one (44.6%) patients avoided enucleation, 42 (45.7%) had 1 eye removed, and 9 (9.8%) underwent bilateral enucleation. Eleven (11.9%) had major pathology risk factors at enucleation. There were no cases of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Detection via screening was significantly less common in DC than in the USA (23.3% vs. 71.8%, P < 0.0001). Patients in DC were diagnosed at a significantly later age and with more advanced intraocular disease that led to increased risk of bilateral enucleation. Patients detected by screening in DC were significantly younger at diagnosis, had less advanced intraocular disease, better ocular preservation rates and survival results than those whose retinoblastoma was not detected via early screening. Five-year pEFS was 0.92 for the patients treated in the USA and 0.81 for the patients in DC (P = 0.42). Seven events occurred (extraocular relapse four in patients from DC and second malignancies in three).ConclusionsPatients with familial retinoblastoma are less likely to be diagnosed by screening in DC and had higher morbidity and mortality caused by recurrent extraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:338–342. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Patients with familial retinoblastoma are less likely to be diagnosed by screening in DC and had higher morbidity and mortality caused by recurrent extraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:338–342. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6620016" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5876d915f2d90f612688615c6374d8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48780988,"asset_id":6620016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48780988/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10712285" href="https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/KarinaRibeiro">Karina Ribeiro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10712285" type="text/json">{"id":10712285,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Ribeiro","domain_name":"fcmscsp","page_name":"KarinaRibeiro","display_name":"Karina Ribeiro","profile_url":"https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/KarinaRibeiro?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10712285/3218609/3787749/s65_karina.ribeiro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6620016 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6620016"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6620016, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6620016", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6620016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6620016").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6620016").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6620016"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43363" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Screening">Screening</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43363" type="text/json">{"id":43363,"name":"Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Screening?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70854" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country">Developing Country</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70854" type="text/json">{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6620016]'), work: {"id":6620016,"title":"Familial retinoblastoma in developing countries","created_at":"2014-04-01T12:38:45.415-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6620016/Familial_retinoblastoma_in_developing_countries?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_6620016","summary":"BackgroundAlthough screening for familial retinoblastoma has been shown to be beneficial we suspected that such screening programs may be less than optimal in developing countries (DC).Although screening for familial retinoblastoma has been shown to be beneficial we suspected that such screening programs may be less than optimal in developing countries (DC).MethodsRetrospective cohort study comparing patients with familial retinoblastoma from five centers in DC (Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, Jordan, and Venezuela) versus a reference center in the USA.Retrospective cohort study comparing patients with familial retinoblastoma from five centers in DC (Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, Jordan, and Venezuela) versus a reference center in the USA.ResultsNinety-two (32 from the USA and 60 from DC) patients were included. Forty-one (44.6%) patients avoided enucleation, 42 (45.7%) had 1 eye removed, and 9 (9.8%) underwent bilateral enucleation. Eleven (11.9%) had major pathology risk factors at enucleation. There were no cases of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Detection via screening was significantly less common in DC than in the USA (23.3% vs. 71.8%, P \u003c 0.0001). Patients in DC were diagnosed at a significantly later age and with more advanced intraocular disease that led to increased risk of bilateral enucleation. Patients detected by screening in DC were significantly younger at diagnosis, had less advanced intraocular disease, better ocular preservation rates and survival results than those whose retinoblastoma was not detected via early screening. Five-year pEFS was 0.92 for the patients treated in the USA and 0.81 for the patients in DC (P = 0.42). Seven events occurred (extraocular relapse four in patients from DC and second malignancies in three).Ninety-two (32 from the USA and 60 from DC) patients were included. Forty-one (44.6%) patients avoided enucleation, 42 (45.7%) had 1 eye removed, and 9 (9.8%) underwent bilateral enucleation. Eleven (11.9%) had major pathology risk factors at enucleation. There were no cases of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Detection via screening was significantly less common in DC than in the USA (23.3% vs. 71.8%, P \u003c 0.0001). Patients in DC were diagnosed at a significantly later age and with more advanced intraocular disease that led to increased risk of bilateral enucleation. Patients detected by screening in DC were significantly younger at diagnosis, had less advanced intraocular disease, better ocular preservation rates and survival results than those whose retinoblastoma was not detected via early screening. Five-year pEFS was 0.92 for the patients treated in the USA and 0.81 for the patients in DC (P = 0.42). Seven events occurred (extraocular relapse four in patients from DC and second malignancies in three).ConclusionsPatients with familial retinoblastoma are less likely to be diagnosed by screening in DC and had higher morbidity and mortality caused by recurrent extraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:338–342. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Patients with familial retinoblastoma are less likely to be diagnosed by screening in DC and had higher morbidity and mortality caused by recurrent extraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:338–342. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48780988,"asset_id":6620016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10712285,"first_name":"Karina","last_name":"Ribeiro","domain_name":"fcmscsp","page_name":"KarinaRibeiro","display_name":"Karina Ribeiro","profile_url":"https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/KarinaRibeiro?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10712285/3218609/3787749/s65_karina.ribeiro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":43363,"name":"Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Screening?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=295680"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":366742,"name":"Eyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eyes?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22047307" data-work_id="22047307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22047307/The_epidemiology_of_neonatal_tumours">The epidemiology of neonatal tumours</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22047307" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6177ed1b1e5fc828ad6486921262f0e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42729291,"asset_id":22047307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42729291/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32734255" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieSasco">Annie Sasco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32734255" type="text/json">{"id":32734255,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Sasco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnieSasco","display_name":"Annie Sasco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieSasco?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22047307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22047307"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22047307, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22047307", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22047307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22047307").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22047307").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22047307"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound">Ultrasound</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15639" type="text/json">{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Surgery">Pediatric Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="121178" type="text/json">{"id":121178,"name":"Pediatric Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Surgery?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22047307]'), work: {"id":22047307,"title":"The epidemiology of neonatal tumours","created_at":"2016-02-16T06:11:34.117-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22047307/The_epidemiology_of_neonatal_tumours?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_22047307","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42729291,"asset_id":22047307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32734255,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Sasco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnieSasco","display_name":"Annie Sasco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieSasco?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":15639,"name":"Ultrasound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrasound?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":121178,"name":"Pediatric Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Surgery?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":615506,"name":"Soft Tissue Sarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue_Sarcoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":764258,"name":"Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1161416,"name":"Congenital abnormalities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_abnormalities?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13971438" data-work_id="13971438" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13971438/Clinical_predictors_of_high_risk_histopathology_in_retinoblastoma">Clinical predictors of high risk histopathology in retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">years. Glaucoma was the most common clinical finding at presentation apart from leucocoria. Out of 326 enucleated eyes, 28 (8.6%) had extrascleral and/or optic nerve transection invasion. Among remaining 298 eyes, with completely resected... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13971438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">years. Glaucoma was the most common clinical finding at presentation apart from leucocoria. Out of 326 enucleated eyes, 28 (8.6%) had extrascleral and/or optic nerve transection invasion. Among remaining 298 eyes, with completely resected tumor, 115 (38.6%) had massive choroidal invasion, 54 (17%) had retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, and 24 (7%), 29 (9%), and 23(7%) had anterior chamber, iris, and ciliary body invasion, respectively. Age more than 2 years, lag period more than 3 months, hyphema, pseudohypopyon, staphyloma, and orbital cellulitis were associated with occurrence of three or more HRF on univariate analysis. Conclusions. Clinical variables including older age, longer lag period, hyphema, pseudohypopyon, staphyloma, and orbital cellulitis were strongly associated with occurrence of HRF in this study. Pediatr Blood Cancer ß 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13971438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa0b93fec4b3e45e812496417fa4b2d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44749819,"asset_id":13971438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44749819/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33019533" href="https://aiims.academia.edu/SeemaKashyap">Seema Kashyap</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33019533" type="text/json">{"id":33019533,"first_name":"Seema","last_name":"Kashyap","domain_name":"aiims","page_name":"SeemaKashyap","display_name":"Seema Kashyap","profile_url":"https://aiims.academia.edu/SeemaKashyap?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13971438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13971438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13971438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13971438", }); 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Glaucoma was the most common clinical finding at presentation apart from leucocoria. Out of 326 enucleated eyes, 28 (8.6%) had extrascleral and/or optic nerve transection invasion. Among remaining 298 eyes, with completely resected tumor, 115 (38.6%) had massive choroidal invasion, 54 (17%) had retrolaminar optic nerve invasion, and 24 (7%), 29 (9%), and 23(7%) had anterior chamber, iris, and ciliary body invasion, respectively. Age more than 2 years, lag period more than 3 months, hyphema, pseudohypopyon, staphyloma, and orbital cellulitis were associated with occurrence of three or more HRF on univariate analysis. Conclusions. Clinical variables including older age, longer lag period, hyphema, pseudohypopyon, staphyloma, and orbital cellulitis were strongly associated with occurrence of HRF in this study. Pediatr Blood Cancer ß 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44749819,"asset_id":13971438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33019533,"first_name":"Seema","last_name":"Kashyap","domain_name":"aiims","page_name":"SeemaKashyap","display_name":"Seema Kashyap","profile_url":"https://aiims.academia.edu/SeemaKashyap?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":96572,"name":"Glaucoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaucoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=295680"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":371494,"name":"Neoplasm Invasiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_Invasiveness?f_ri=295680"},{"id":448603,"name":"Necrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necrosis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7455281" data-work_id="7455281" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7455281/Local_chemotherapeutic_agents_for_the_treatment_of_ocular_malignancies">Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Keywords: mytomicin carboplatin interferon PAM melanoma retinoblastoma carcinoma conjunctiva PAM CIN a b s t r a c t We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7455281" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Keywords: mytomicin carboplatin interferon PAM melanoma retinoblastoma carcinoma conjunctiva PAM CIN a b s t r a c t We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive. ª</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7455281" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef48345d4d9e1b48b5a0d332d6a0527d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48466725,"asset_id":7455281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48466725/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13269464" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JamesCoates">James Coates</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13269464" type="text/json">{"id":13269464,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Coates","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JamesCoates","display_name":"James Coates","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JamesCoates?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13269464/3727177/24095683/s65_james.coates.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7455281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7455281"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7455281, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7455281", }); 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Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive. ª","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48466725,"asset_id":7455281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13269464,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Coates","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JamesCoates","display_name":"James Coates","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JamesCoates?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13269464/3727177/24095683/s65_james.coates.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55269,"name":"Lymphoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":329503,"name":"CIN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CIN-1?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14500235" data-work_id="14500235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14500235/P_glycoprotein_expression_in_retinoblastoma">P-glycoprotein expression in retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14500235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58cefce0f2d562f0bfd883d712c7c5b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44110225,"asset_id":14500235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44110225/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33448261" href="https://uba.academia.edu/AdrianaFandi%C3%B1o">Adriana Fandiño</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33448261" type="text/json">{"id":33448261,"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Fandiño","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"AdrianaFandiño","display_name":"Adriana Fandiño","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/AdrianaFandi%C3%B1o?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14500235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14500235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14500235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14500235", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14500235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14500235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14500235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14500235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British">British</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7324" type="text/json">{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="126972" type="text/json">{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14500235]'), work: {"id":14500235,"title":"P-glycoprotein expression in retinoblastoma","created_at":"2015-07-29T19:58:13.859-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14500235/P_glycoprotein_expression_in_retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_14500235","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44110225,"asset_id":14500235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33448261,"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Fandiño","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"AdrianaFandiño","display_name":"Adriana Fandiño","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/AdrianaFandi%C3%B1o?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22072877 coauthored" data-work_id="22072877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22072877/The_Use_of_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_in_the_Evaluation_of_Spondylolysis">The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Spondylolysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: In early studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had low sensitivity and positive predictive value in the evaluation of the pars interarticularis pathology; however, more recent reports have suggested an expanded role for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22072877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: In early studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had low sensitivity and positive predictive value in the evaluation of the pars interarticularis pathology; however, more recent reports have suggested an expanded role for MRI. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in the diagnosis of pars injuries and compare it to computed tomography (CT), which was used as the reference "gold standard" for the detection of fractures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22072877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adfddf458daebb73bbbf9146af8553b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42747791,"asset_id":22072877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42747791/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43361853" href="https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/NelsonAstur">Nelson Astur</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43361853" type="text/json">{"id":43361853,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Astur","domain_name":"fcmscsp","page_name":"NelsonAstur","display_name":"Nelson Astur","profile_url":"https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/NelsonAstur?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22072877">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22072877"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamWarner5">William Warner</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22072877'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22072877').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22072877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22072877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22072877; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22072877]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22072877").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22072877").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22072877"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21732" type="text/json">{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22072877]'), work: {"id":22072877,"title":"The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Spondylolysis","created_at":"2016-02-16T17:20:52.611-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22072877/The_Use_of_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_in_the_Evaluation_of_Spondylolysis?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_22072877","summary":"Background: In early studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had low sensitivity and positive predictive value in the evaluation of the pars interarticularis pathology; however, more recent reports have suggested an expanded role for MRI. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in the diagnosis of pars injuries and compare it to computed tomography (CT), which was used as the reference \"gold standard\" for the detection of fractures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42747791,"asset_id":22072877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43361853,"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Astur","domain_name":"fcmscsp","page_name":"NelsonAstur","display_name":"Nelson Astur","profile_url":"https://fcmscsp.academia.edu/NelsonAstur?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43767017,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Warner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilliamWarner5","display_name":"William Warner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamWarner5?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":576808,"name":"Pediatric Orthopaedics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Orthopaedics?f_ri=295680"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=295680"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1262821,"name":"Pediatric Orthopedics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Orthopedics?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2112668,"name":"Spinal fractures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_fractures?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2305423,"name":"lumbar vertebrae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lumbar_vertebrae?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21554617" data-work_id="21554617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21554617/Ocular_Neoplastic_Disease">Ocular Neoplastic Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ocular neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, may present with visual disturbance or vision loss and often are asymptomatic. Clinical ophthalmologic examination may demonstrate leukocoria, abnormal pupillary light reflex, or a mass... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21554617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ocular neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, may present with visual disturbance or vision loss and often are asymptomatic. Clinical ophthalmologic examination may demonstrate leukocoria, abnormal pupillary light reflex, or a mass lesion with or without retinal detachment or hemorrhage. Retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma and ocular metastases in adults are the most important ocular malignant neoplasms referred for imaging to aid with diagnosis and staging. Familiarity with their common imaging appearances, the common patterns of spread, and the diagnostic findings of greatest concern to the ocular oncologist will enhance accuracy of imaging interpretation. Clinical ophthalmologic examination and imaging using B-scan ultrasound, A-scan ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have complementary roles in ocular tumor staging and treatment assessment. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 32:28-37</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21554617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65360624f22da7e65859bf574fd354e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42053178,"asset_id":21554617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42053178/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42668759" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MicheleJohnson7">Michele Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42668759" type="text/json">{"id":42668759,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MicheleJohnson7","display_name":"Michele Johnson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MicheleJohnson7?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21554617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21554617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21554617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21554617", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21554617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21554617; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21554617"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21554617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21554617"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21554617; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21554617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21554617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21554617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21554617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99023" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanoma">Melanoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99023" type="text/json">{"id":99023,"name":"Melanoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21554617]'), work: {"id":21554617,"title":"Ocular Neoplastic Disease","created_at":"2016-02-04T07:45:57.284-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21554617/Ocular_Neoplastic_Disease?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_21554617","summary":"Ocular neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, may present with visual disturbance or vision loss and often are asymptomatic. Clinical ophthalmologic examination may demonstrate leukocoria, abnormal pupillary light reflex, or a mass lesion with or without retinal detachment or hemorrhage. Retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma and ocular metastases in adults are the most important ocular malignant neoplasms referred for imaging to aid with diagnosis and staging. Familiarity with their common imaging appearances, the common patterns of spread, and the diagnostic findings of greatest concern to the ocular oncologist will enhance accuracy of imaging interpretation. Clinical ophthalmologic examination and imaging using B-scan ultrasound, A-scan ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have complementary roles in ocular tumor staging and treatment assessment. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 32:28-37","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42053178,"asset_id":21554617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42668759,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MicheleJohnson7","display_name":"Michele Johnson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MicheleJohnson7?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":99023,"name":"Melanoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680"},{"id":245634,"name":"Eye","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":959921,"name":"X ray Computed Tomography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_Computed_Tomography?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1275883,"name":"*Radiographic Image Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Radiographic_Image_Enhancement?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1407305,"name":"Contrast Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Media?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9807105" data-work_id="9807105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9807105/KIF14_and_E2F3_mRNA_expression_in_human_retinoblastoma_and_its_phenotype_association">KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression in human retinoblastoma and its phenotype association</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large retinoblastoma tumor cohort and associated with disease phenotype. Methods: KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression was quantified by real time... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9807105" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large retinoblastoma tumor cohort and associated with disease phenotype. Methods: KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression was quantified by real time PCR in 57 retinoblastoma (RB) tumors, 3 RB cell lines, and control samples that included 4 each fetal, age-matched, adult retinas. Immunohistochemistry was done to confirm KIF14 and E2F3 protein expression in tumor cells. The mRNA expression levels were correlated with disease phenotypes including the significance of chemotherapy on tumors. Results: There was statistically significant overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA in tumors compared with control retinas (p<0.0001). Further, E2F3 also showed a significant overexpression compared to RB cell lines (p=0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed KIF14 and E2F3 protein overexpression in tumor cells. KIF14 had significant mRNA overexpression with older age (p=0.01) in presenting patients and in unilateral RB patients (p=0.04). Chemotherapytreated tumors showed a significant decrease in KIF14 and E2F3 expression compared to untreated tumors (p<0.01 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This report confirms significant mRNA overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 together in a large cohort of RB tumors. The decreased expression in chemotherapy treated cases needs further validation in a large chemotherapytreated cohort. 238 p value 0 1.1 -Molecular Vision 2009; 15:235-240 <<a href="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v15/a23" rel="nofollow">http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v15/a23</a>></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9807105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af3fe53dcebcf25d36018587fdcdde67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35978727,"asset_id":9807105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35978727/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23636763" href="https://trc-chennai.academia.edu/PerumalVenkatesan">Perumal Venkatesan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23636763" type="text/json">{"id":23636763,"first_name":"Perumal","last_name":"Venkatesan","domain_name":"trc-chennai","page_name":"PerumalVenkatesan","display_name":"Perumal Venkatesan","profile_url":"https://trc-chennai.academia.edu/PerumalVenkatesan?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9807105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9807105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9807105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9807105", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9807105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9807105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9807105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9807105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3243" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics">Nonparametric Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3243" type="text/json">{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50157" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular">Molecular</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50157" type="text/json">{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9807105]'), work: {"id":9807105,"title":"KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression in human retinoblastoma and its phenotype association","created_at":"2014-12-17T00:25:14.539-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9807105/KIF14_and_E2F3_mRNA_expression_in_human_retinoblastoma_and_its_phenotype_association?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_9807105","summary":"Purpose: We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large retinoblastoma tumor cohort and associated with disease phenotype. Methods: KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression was quantified by real time PCR in 57 retinoblastoma (RB) tumors, 3 RB cell lines, and control samples that included 4 each fetal, age-matched, adult retinas. Immunohistochemistry was done to confirm KIF14 and E2F3 protein expression in tumor cells. The mRNA expression levels were correlated with disease phenotypes including the significance of chemotherapy on tumors. Results: There was statistically significant overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA in tumors compared with control retinas (p\u003c0.0001). Further, E2F3 also showed a significant overexpression compared to RB cell lines (p=0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed KIF14 and E2F3 protein overexpression in tumor cells. KIF14 had significant mRNA overexpression with older age (p=0.01) in presenting patients and in unilateral RB patients (p=0.04). Chemotherapytreated tumors showed a significant decrease in KIF14 and E2F3 expression compared to untreated tumors (p\u003c0.01 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This report confirms significant mRNA overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 together in a large cohort of RB tumors. The decreased expression in chemotherapy treated cases needs further validation in a large chemotherapytreated cohort. 238 p value 0 1.1 -Molecular Vision 2009; 15:235-240 \u003chttp://www.molvis.org/molvis/v15/a23\u003e","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35978727,"asset_id":9807105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23636763,"first_name":"Perumal","last_name":"Venkatesan","domain_name":"trc-chennai","page_name":"PerumalVenkatesan","display_name":"Perumal Venkatesan","profile_url":"https://trc-chennai.academia.edu/PerumalVenkatesan?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3243,"name":"Nonparametric Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonparametric_Statistics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":50157,"name":"Molecular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":51784,"name":"real time PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/real_time_PCR?f_ri=295680"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell line","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_line?f_ri=295680"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=295680"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=295680"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":310960,"name":"mRna expression levels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mRna_expression_levels?f_ri=295680"},{"id":315349,"name":"Kinesin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinesin?f_ri=295680"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":501806,"name":"Protein Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Expression?f_ri=295680"},{"id":533961,"name":"Genetic Instability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Instability?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8931927" data-work_id="8931927" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8931927/Descriptive_epidemiology_of_childhood_cancers_in_Bangalore_India">Descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancers in Bangalore, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While fairly complete and reliable incident data on childhood cancers are available from the registries in India, mortality and survival information is not. Information concerning the latter was obtained by the Bangalore cancer registry... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8931927" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While fairly complete and reliable incident data on childhood cancers are available from the registries in India, mortality and survival information is not. Information concerning the latter was obtained by the Bangalore cancer registry through active follow-up involving visits to homes of patients. Between 1982 and 1989, 617 cases of cancers in childhood were registered, giving an age-standardized incidence rate of 84.8 and 48.4 per million in male and female children, respectively. Active follow-up provided mortality/survival information in 532 or 86.2 percent of these cases. Overall, observed five-year survival was 36.8 percent (both genders combined) with a relative survival of 37.5 percent when childhood mortality in the general population was taken into account. The five-year relative survival was best for thyroid carcinoma (100 percent) followed by Hodgkin's disease (73 percent) and retinoblastoma (72.9 percent). Survival was comparatively low, being 9.9 percent in acute nonlymphatic leukemia and less than 20 percent in rhabdomyosarcoma and the category grouped as ‘other malignant neoplasms.’ Survival in Hodgkin's disease was influenced by clinical stage at presentation, but was not statistically significant possibly due to small numbers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8931927" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d88ed8776f9eda1d65f2bf356c09ce1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47948940,"asset_id":8931927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47948940/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19756542" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeetashreeMukherjee">Geetashree Mukherjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19756542" type="text/json">{"id":19756542,"first_name":"Geetashree","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeetashreeMukherjee","display_name":"Geetashree Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeetashreeMukherjee?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8931927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8931927"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8931927, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8931927", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8931927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8931927; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8931927"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8931927 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8931927"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8931927; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8931927]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8931927").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8931927").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8931927"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10610" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis">Survival Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10610" type="text/json">{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8931927]'), work: {"id":8931927,"title":"Descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancers in Bangalore, India","created_at":"2014-10-23T15:18:11.745-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8931927/Descriptive_epidemiology_of_childhood_cancers_in_Bangalore_India?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_8931927","summary":"While fairly complete and reliable incident data on childhood cancers are available from the registries in India, mortality and survival information is not. Information concerning the latter was obtained by the Bangalore cancer registry through active follow-up involving visits to homes of patients. Between 1982 and 1989, 617 cases of cancers in childhood were registered, giving an age-standardized incidence rate of 84.8 and 48.4 per million in male and female children, respectively. Active follow-up provided mortality/survival information in 532 or 86.2 percent of these cases. Overall, observed five-year survival was 36.8 percent (both genders combined) with a relative survival of 37.5 percent when childhood mortality in the general population was taken into account. The five-year relative survival was best for thyroid carcinoma (100 percent) followed by Hodgkin's disease (73 percent) and retinoblastoma (72.9 percent). Survival was comparatively low, being 9.9 percent in acute nonlymphatic leukemia and less than 20 percent in rhabdomyosarcoma and the category grouped as ‘other malignant neoplasms.’ Survival in Hodgkin's disease was influenced by clinical stage at presentation, but was not statistically significant possibly due to small numbers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47948940,"asset_id":8931927,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19756542,"first_name":"Geetashree","last_name":"Mukherjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeetashreeMukherjee","display_name":"Geetashree Mukherjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeetashreeMukherjee?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":59057,"name":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia?f_ri=295680"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680"},{"id":102957,"name":"Childhood Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childhood_Cancer?f_ri=295680"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=295680"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=295680"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=295680"},{"id":143692,"name":"Rhabdomyosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhabdomyosarcoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=295680"},{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":371491,"name":"Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=295680"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=295680"},{"id":424295,"name":"Survival Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Rate?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=295680"},{"id":999259,"name":"Cancer Registry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Registry?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1272981,"name":"Proportional Hazards Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proportional_Hazards_Models?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1350756,"name":"Hodgkin disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hodgkin_disease?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1423006,"name":"General Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Population?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2486481,"name":"thyroid carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/thyroid_carcinoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14836930" data-work_id="14836930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14836930/SIOP_PODC_recommendations_for_graduated_intensity_treatment_of_retinoblastoma_in_developing_countries">SIOP-PODC recommendations for graduated-intensity treatment of retinoblastoma in developing countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">9 François Doz, MD 10 and SIOP-PODC graduated-intensity retinoblastoma guidelines writing committee Retinoblastoma remains incurable in many regions of the world. The major obstacles to cure are delayed diagnosis, poor treatment... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14836930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">9 François Doz, MD 10 and SIOP-PODC graduated-intensity retinoblastoma guidelines writing committee Retinoblastoma remains incurable in many regions of the world. The major obstacles to cure are delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and lack of evidence-based recommendations for clinical management. Although enucleation is curative for intraocular disease, in developing countries retinoblastoma is often diagnosed after the disease has disseminated beyond the eye. A SIOP-PODC committee generated guidelines for the clinical management of retinoblastoma in developing countries and developed a classification system based on the resources available in those settings. Recommendations are provided for staging and treatment of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma and counseling of families for whom compliance is an issue. Pediatr Blood Cancer ß 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14836930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d8877b2f8b89409cdb0d5e5aa401ed8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43859342,"asset_id":14836930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43859342/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33798198" href="https://ui.academia.edu/RitaSitorus">Rita Sitorus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33798198" type="text/json">{"id":33798198,"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Sitorus","domain_name":"ui","page_name":"RitaSitorus","display_name":"Rita Sitorus","profile_url":"https://ui.academia.edu/RitaSitorus?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14836930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14836930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14836930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14836930", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14836930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14836930; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14836930"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14836930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14836930"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14836930; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14836930]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14836930").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14836930").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14836930"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14836930]'), work: {"id":14836930,"title":"SIOP-PODC recommendations for graduated-intensity treatment of retinoblastoma in developing countries","created_at":"2015-08-10T18:39:55.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14836930/SIOP_PODC_recommendations_for_graduated_intensity_treatment_of_retinoblastoma_in_developing_countries?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_14836930","summary":"9 François Doz, MD 10 and SIOP-PODC graduated-intensity retinoblastoma guidelines writing committee Retinoblastoma remains incurable in many regions of the world. The major obstacles to cure are delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and lack of evidence-based recommendations for clinical management. Although enucleation is curative for intraocular disease, in developing countries retinoblastoma is often diagnosed after the disease has disseminated beyond the eye. A SIOP-PODC committee generated guidelines for the clinical management of retinoblastoma in developing countries and developed a classification system based on the resources available in those settings. Recommendations are provided for staging and treatment of unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma and counseling of families for whom compliance is an issue. Pediatr Blood Cancer ß 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43859342,"asset_id":14836930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33798198,"first_name":"Rita","last_name":"Sitorus","domain_name":"ui","page_name":"RitaSitorus","display_name":"Rita Sitorus","profile_url":"https://ui.academia.edu/RitaSitorus?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1253718,"name":"Treatment Refusal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Refusal?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18074275" data-work_id="18074275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18074275/RB_and_cell_cycle_progression">RB and cell cycle progression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Rb protein is a tumor suppressor, which plays a pivotal role in the negative control of the cell cycle and in tumor progression. It has been shown that Rb protein (pRb) is responsible for a major G1 checkpoint, blocking S-phase entry... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18074275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Rb protein is a tumor suppressor, which plays a pivotal role in the negative control of the cell cycle and in tumor progression. It has been shown that Rb protein (pRb) is responsible for a major G1 checkpoint, blocking S-phase entry and cell growth. The retinoblastoma family includes three members, Rb/p105, p107 and Rb2/p130, collectively referred to as &amp;#39;pocket proteins&amp;#39;. The pRb protein represses gene transcription, required for transition from G1 to S phase, by directly binding to the transactivation domain of E2F and by binding to the promoter of these genes as a complex with E2F. pRb represses transcription also by remodeling chromatin structure through interaction with proteins such as hBRM, BRG1, HDAC1 and SUV39H1, which are involved in nucleosome remodeling, histone acetylation/deacetylation and methylation, respectively. Loss of pRb functions may induce cell cycle deregulation and so lead to a malignant phenotype. Gene inactivation of pRB through chromosomal mutations is one of the principal reasons for retinoblastoma tumor development. Functional inactivation of pRb by viral oncoprotein binding is also shown in many neoplasias such as cervical cancer, mesothelioma and AIDS-related Burkitt&amp;#39;s lymphoma.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18074275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87fa6e036797498488d6fa27755f5160" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42202065,"asset_id":18074275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42202065/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38022677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaGiacinti">Cristina Giacinti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38022677" type="text/json">{"id":38022677,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Giacinti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaGiacinti","display_name":"Cristina Giacinti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaGiacinti?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18074275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18074275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18074275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18074275", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18074275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18074275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18074275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18074275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle">Cell Cycle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9113" type="text/json">{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38650" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division">Cell Division</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38650" type="text/json">{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene">Oncogene</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106169" type="text/json">{"id":106169,"name":"Oncogene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="203512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Cancer">Cervical Cancer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="203512" type="text/json">{"id":203512,"name":"Cervical Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18074275]'), work: {"id":18074275,"title":"RB and cell cycle progression","created_at":"2015-11-10T04:21:13.948-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18074275/RB_and_cell_cycle_progression?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_18074275","summary":"The Rb protein is a tumor suppressor, which plays a pivotal role in the negative control of the cell cycle and in tumor progression. It has been shown that Rb protein (pRb) is responsible for a major G1 checkpoint, blocking S-phase entry and cell growth. The retinoblastoma family includes three members, Rb/p105, p107 and Rb2/p130, collectively referred to as \u0026amp;#39;pocket proteins\u0026amp;#39;. The pRb protein represses gene transcription, required for transition from G1 to S phase, by directly binding to the transactivation domain of E2F and by binding to the promoter of these genes as a complex with E2F. pRb represses transcription also by remodeling chromatin structure through interaction with proteins such as hBRM, BRG1, HDAC1 and SUV39H1, which are involved in nucleosome remodeling, histone acetylation/deacetylation and methylation, respectively. Loss of pRb functions may induce cell cycle deregulation and so lead to a malignant phenotype. Gene inactivation of pRB through chromosomal mutations is one of the principal reasons for retinoblastoma tumor development. Functional inactivation of pRb by viral oncoprotein binding is also shown in many neoplasias such as cervical cancer, mesothelioma and AIDS-related Burkitt\u0026amp;#39;s lymphoma.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42202065,"asset_id":18074275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38022677,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Giacinti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristinaGiacinti","display_name":"Cristina Giacinti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristinaGiacinti?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":106169,"name":"Oncogene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncogene?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":203512,"name":"Cervical Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cervical_Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":240723,"name":"Chromatin structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatin_structure?f_ri=295680"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1347359,"name":"Histone Acetylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histone_Acetylation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1579513,"name":"Tumor Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Progression?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1954130,"name":"Cell Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Growth?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1975965,"name":"retinoblastoma protein (RB1).","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/retinoblastoma_protein_RB1_?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6759740" data-work_id="6759740" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6759740/International_Journal_of_Medical_Research_and_Health_Sciences_RETINOBLASTOMA_IN_A_12_YEAR_OLD_GIRL_A_CASE_REPORT">International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences RETINOBLASTOMA IN A 12 YEAR OLD GIRL: A CASE REPORT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6759740" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4a7b9aa3d5c544ab958c56ea8a42eac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33470142,"asset_id":6759740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33470142/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2902934" href="https://ijmrhs.academia.edu/editorijmrhs">editor ijmrhs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2902934" type="text/json">{"id":2902934,"first_name":"editor","last_name":"ijmrhs","domain_name":"ijmrhs","page_name":"editorijmrhs","display_name":"editor ijmrhs","profile_url":"https://ijmrhs.academia.edu/editorijmrhs?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6759740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6759740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6759740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6759740", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6759740]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6759740").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6759740").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6759740"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology">Cancer Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14195" type="text/json">{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6759740]'), work: {"id":6759740,"title":"International Journal of Medical Research \u0026 Health Sciences RETINOBLASTOMA IN A 12 YEAR OLD GIRL: A CASE REPORT","created_at":"2014-04-14T19:53:02.053-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6759740/International_Journal_of_Medical_Research_and_Health_Sciences_RETINOBLASTOMA_IN_A_12_YEAR_OLD_GIRL_A_CASE_REPORT?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_6759740","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33470142,"asset_id":6759740,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2902934,"first_name":"editor","last_name":"ijmrhs","domain_name":"ijmrhs","page_name":"editorijmrhs","display_name":"editor ijmrhs","profile_url":"https://ijmrhs.academia.edu/editorijmrhs?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7416185" data-work_id="7416185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7416185/RB_acute_loss_induces_centrosome_amplification_and_aneuploidy_in_murine_primary_fibroblasts">RB acute loss induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy in murine primary fibroblasts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Incorrect segregation of whole chromosomes or parts of chromosome leads to aneuploidy commonly observed in cancer. The correct centrosome duplication, assuring assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle, is essential for chromosome... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7416185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Incorrect segregation of whole chromosomes or parts of chromosome leads to aneuploidy commonly observed in cancer. The correct centrosome duplication, assuring assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle, is essential for chromosome segregation fidelity and preventing aneuploidy. Alteration of p53 and pRb functions by expression of HPV16-E6 and E7 oncoproteins has been associated with centrosome amplification. However, these last findings could be the result of targeting cellular proteins in addition to pRb by HPV16-E7 oncoprotein. To get a more detailed picture on the role of pRb in chromosomal instability and centrosome amplification, we analyzed the effects of the acute loss of retinoblastoma gene function in primary conditional Rb deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Moreover, since pRb is a transcriptional repressor, microarray analysis was done on pRb-competent and pRb-deficient MEFs to evaluate changes in expression of genes for centrosome homeostasis and for correct mitosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7416185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4b30f47e585bc939f0072ce2095aef3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34002818,"asset_id":7416185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34002818/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13147087" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Amatoangela">angela amato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13147087" type="text/json">{"id":13147087,"first_name":"angela","last_name":"amato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Amatoangela","display_name":"angela amato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Amatoangela?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/18ea8b8c3b7b264ef5c4b31c08ce2f48?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7416185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7416185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7416185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7416185", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7416185]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7416185").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7416185").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7416185"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46992" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_Cancer">Molecular Biology Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46992" type="text/json">{"id":46992,"name":"Molecular Biology Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55267" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitosis">Mitosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55267" type="text/json">{"id":55267,"name":"Mitosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitosis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice">Mice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84760" type="text/json">{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7416185]'), work: {"id":7416185,"title":"RB acute loss induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy in murine primary fibroblasts","created_at":"2014-06-21T02:35:09.635-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7416185/RB_acute_loss_induces_centrosome_amplification_and_aneuploidy_in_murine_primary_fibroblasts?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_7416185","summary":"Background: Incorrect segregation of whole chromosomes or parts of chromosome leads to aneuploidy commonly observed in cancer. The correct centrosome duplication, assuring assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle, is essential for chromosome segregation fidelity and preventing aneuploidy. Alteration of p53 and pRb functions by expression of HPV16-E6 and E7 oncoproteins has been associated with centrosome amplification. However, these last findings could be the result of targeting cellular proteins in addition to pRb by HPV16-E7 oncoprotein. To get a more detailed picture on the role of pRb in chromosomal instability and centrosome amplification, we analyzed the effects of the acute loss of retinoblastoma gene function in primary conditional Rb deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Moreover, since pRb is a transcriptional repressor, microarray analysis was done on pRb-competent and pRb-deficient MEFs to evaluate changes in expression of genes for centrosome homeostasis and for correct mitosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34002818,"asset_id":7416185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13147087,"first_name":"angela","last_name":"amato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Amatoangela","display_name":"angela amato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Amatoangela?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/18ea8b8c3b7b264ef5c4b31c08ce2f48?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":46992,"name":"Molecular Biology Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology_Cancer?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":55267,"name":"Mitosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitosis?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":138959,"name":"Aneuploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aneuploidy?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":375301,"name":"Microarray Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray_Analysis?f_ri=295680"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=295680"},{"id":417921,"name":"Gene Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Function?f_ri=295680"},{"id":523118,"name":"Chromosome segregation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromosome_segregation?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1010835,"name":"Chromosomal Instability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromosomal_Instability?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1315979,"name":"Time Course","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Course?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1975965,"name":"retinoblastoma protein (RB1).","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/retinoblastoma_protein_RB1_?f_ri=295680"},{"id":2280042,"name":"Differential expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_expression?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23282246 coauthored" data-work_id="23282246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23282246/Multifocal_osteosarcoma_as_second_tumor_after_childhood_retinoblastoma">Multifocal osteosarcoma as second tumor after childhood retinoblastoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present a case of multifocal osteosarcoma (MFOS) arising 11.5 years after successful treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. The clinical, imaging and pathological findings at onset, after therapy, and during follow-up are described.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23282246" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present a case of multifocal osteosarcoma (MFOS) arising 11.5 years after successful treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. The clinical, imaging and pathological findings at onset, after therapy, and during follow-up are described. Fluorescent in situ hybridization did not reveal a deletion of the RB-1 retinoblastoma gene, although the presence of an inactivating mutation invisible to this method cannot be ruled out. The MFOS may have been a second multifocal tumor associated with the original retinoblastoma or a post-irradiation sarcoma with extensive metastases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23282246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="97bbe2108f679542a7940feef53ba60c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43751633,"asset_id":23282246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43751633/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45163253" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoLuksch">Roberto Luksch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45163253" type="text/json">{"id":45163253,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Luksch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertoLuksch","display_name":"Roberto Luksch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoLuksch?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23282246">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23282246"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvoSpagnoli">Ivo Spagnoli</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23282246'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23282246').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23282246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23282246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23282246; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23282246]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23282246").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23282246").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23282246"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101985" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma">Osteosarcoma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101985" type="text/json">{"id":101985,"name":"Osteosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma">Retinoblastoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295680" type="text/json">{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23282246]'), work: {"id":23282246,"title":"Multifocal osteosarcoma as second tumor after childhood retinoblastoma","created_at":"2016-03-15T08:32:36.743-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23282246/Multifocal_osteosarcoma_as_second_tumor_after_childhood_retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","dom_id":"work_23282246","summary":"We present a case of multifocal osteosarcoma (MFOS) arising 11.5 years after successful treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. The clinical, imaging and pathological findings at onset, after therapy, and during follow-up are described. Fluorescent in situ hybridization did not reveal a deletion of the RB-1 retinoblastoma gene, although the presence of an inactivating mutation invisible to this method cannot be ruled out. The MFOS may have been a second multifocal tumor associated with the original retinoblastoma or a post-irradiation sarcoma with extensive metastases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43751633,"asset_id":23282246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45163253,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Luksch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertoLuksch","display_name":"Roberto Luksch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoLuksch?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":45219751,"first_name":"Ivo","last_name":"Spagnoli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvoSpagnoli","display_name":"Ivo Spagnoli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvoSpagnoli?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":101985,"name":"Osteosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteosarcoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":376291,"name":"Fluorescent in situ hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescent_in_situ_hybridization?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1256683,"name":"Bone and Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Bones?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21746350" data-work_id="21746350" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21746350/Retinoblastoma_An_overview">Retinoblastoma: An overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">recommend large multi institutional studies using newer therapeutic models and targeting novel pathways to improve the outcome in advanced stage retinoblastoma.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21746350" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42956801" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnishRay">Anish Ray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42956801" type="text/json">{"id":42956801,"first_name":"Anish","last_name":"Ray","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnishRay","display_name":"Anish Ray","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnishRay?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21746350 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21746350"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21746350, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21746350", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21746350 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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In 2010; 366 children with newly diagnosed cancer were admitted for treatment, two thirds were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21058766" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This brief report displays comprehensive details of health services provided by Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital, medical city, Baghdad. In 2010; 366 children with newly diagnosed cancer were admitted for treatment, two thirds were leukemia and lymphoma cases followed by other solid tumors except brain tumors. With this large number of patients; there are shortcomings in provision of health services in many aspects including professional manpower, infrastructure, diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, supportive and palliative care. The previous wars and sanction and the current instability of the country added to the socioeconomic difficulties of the families jeopardizing the appropriate therapy and ultimately the poor treatment outcome. Since 2003 an international collaboration had a major contribution in many aspects like provision of drugs and medical supplies, attendance of scientific workshops, and updating doctor's knowledge and experience through telemedicine programs which resulted in decreasing the induction mortality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 24% in the year 2007% to 10% in 2010 after introduction of pre-phase steroids and in acute promyelocytic leukemia from 95% to 5% after introduction of all trans-retinoic acid. A collaborative work with Rome University resulted in changing diagnosis of 20% of pathological samples sent there for reevaluation. 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In 2010; 366 children with newly diagnosed cancer were admitted for treatment, two thirds were leukemia and lymphoma cases followed by other solid tumors except brain tumors. With this large number of patients; there are shortcomings in provision of health services in many aspects including professional manpower, infrastructure, diagnostic and therapeutic facilities, supportive and palliative care. The previous wars and sanction and the current instability of the country added to the socioeconomic difficulties of the families jeopardizing the appropriate therapy and ultimately the poor treatment outcome. Since 2003 an international collaboration had a major contribution in many aspects like provision of drugs and medical supplies, attendance of scientific workshops, and updating doctor's knowledge and experience through telemedicine programs which resulted in decreasing the induction mortality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 24% in the year 2007% to 10% in 2010 after introduction of pre-phase steroids and in acute promyelocytic leukemia from 95% to 5% after introduction of all trans-retinoic acid. A collaborative work with Rome University resulted in changing diagnosis of 20% of pathological samples sent there for reevaluation. Iraqi pediatric oncologists still need real attempts to improve infrastructure and human resources in addition to twinning programs with internationally recognized cancer centers to face these management challenges.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41694351,"asset_id":21058766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42355714,"first_name":"Mazin","last_name":"Al-jadiry","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MazinAljadiry","display_name":"Mazin Al-jadiry","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MazinAljadiry?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42280170,"first_name":"Salma","last_name":"Al-hadad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SalmaAlhadad","display_name":"Salma Al-hadad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SalmaAlhadad?f_ri=295680","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":42421993,"first_name":"Safa","last_name":"Faraj","domain_name":"uowasit","page_name":"SafaFaraj","display_name":"Safa A Faraj","profile_url":"https://uowasit.academia.edu/SafaFaraj?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42421993/14378671/52213537/s65_safa.faraj.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":11589,"name":"Iraq","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraq?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64900,"name":"Medical Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Oncology?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=295680","nofollow":true},{"id":189576,"name":"Pediatric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric?f_ri=295680"},{"id":295680,"name":"Retinoblastoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinoblastoma?f_ri=295680"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=295680"},{"id":778846,"name":"Pediatric Hematology Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric_Hematology_Oncology?f_ri=295680"},{"id":1908726,"name":"Wilms' tumor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilms_tumor?f_ri=295680"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41238297" data-work_id="41238297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41238297/Ophthalmic_Genetics_Retinoblastoma_awareness_among_first_contact_physicians_in_Jordan">Ophthalmic Genetics: Retinoblastoma awareness among first contact physicians in Jordan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Early diagnosis and timely management of Retinoblastoma (RB) patients are essential to improve eye salvage and survival rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding retinoblastoma among... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41238297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Early diagnosis and timely management of Retinoblastoma (RB) patients are essential to improve eye salvage and survival rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding retinoblastoma among first-contact physicians, namely students in last year of medical school, pediatricians, and ophthalmologists. Methods: A questionnaire about RB, preluded by a photograph of a child with leukocoria was completed by 138 medical students, 65 pediatricians, and 65 ophthalmologists. Descriptive statistics from the population were obtained and all answers were analyzed. Results: The majority (n = 253, 94%) of participants in the 3 groups recognized leukocoria as an abnormal sign. However, 62 (45%) medical students did not recognize it as a sign of a life-threatening disease. Only 3 (2%) medical students, 1(2%) pediatrician, and 9 (14%) ophthalmologists achieved a proficiency grade, compared to 136 (67%) medical students and pediatricians who failed to achieve the sufficiency score (70%) in this questionnaire. Ophthalmologists showed a better level of knowledge about RB than medical students and pediatricians, however, 27(42%) of them failed to achieve the sufficiency score. Of interest, only 72 (52%) of medical students, 41 (63%) of pediatricians, and 46 (71%) of ophthalmologists knew that RB needs urgent management. Conclusion: Most medical students and pediatricians involved in this study lack the sufficient knowledge to detect and timely-refer patients with signs of RB. It is necessary to develop continuous medical education programs for first-contact physicians.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41238297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d91ed59303a17c064c2dcc8151f1712" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61465772,"asset_id":41238297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61465772/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDY2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98206878" href="https://djasljsa.academia.edu/TamaraNawaiseh">Tamara Nawaiseh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98206878" type="text/json">{"id":98206878,"first_name":"Tamara","last_name":"Nawaiseh","domain_name":"djasljsa","page_name":"TamaraNawaiseh","display_name":"Tamara Nawaiseh","profile_url":"https://djasljsa.academia.edu/TamaraNawaiseh?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98206878/28342455/63816870/s65_tamara.nawaiseh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41238297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41238297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41238297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41238297", }); 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The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding retinoblastoma among first-contact physicians, namely students in last year of medical school, pediatricians, and ophthalmologists. Methods: A questionnaire about RB, preluded by a photograph of a child with leukocoria was completed by 138 medical students, 65 pediatricians, and 65 ophthalmologists. Descriptive statistics from the population were obtained and all answers were analyzed. Results: The majority (n = 253, 94%) of participants in the 3 groups recognized leukocoria as an abnormal sign. However, 62 (45%) medical students did not recognize it as a sign of a life-threatening disease. Only 3 (2%) medical students, 1(2%) pediatrician, and 9 (14%) ophthalmologists achieved a proficiency grade, compared to 136 (67%) medical students and pediatricians who failed to achieve the sufficiency score (70%) in this questionnaire. Ophthalmologists showed a better level of knowledge about RB than medical students and pediatricians, however, 27(42%) of them failed to achieve the sufficiency score. Of interest, only 72 (52%) of medical students, 41 (63%) of pediatricians, and 46 (71%) of ophthalmologists knew that RB needs urgent management. Conclusion: Most medical students and pediatricians involved in this study lack the sufficient knowledge to detect and timely-refer patients with signs of RB. It is necessary to develop continuous medical education programs for first-contact physicians.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61465772,"asset_id":41238297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98206878,"first_name":"Tamara","last_name":"Nawaiseh","domain_name":"djasljsa","page_name":"TamaraNawaiseh","display_name":"Tamara Nawaiseh","profile_url":"https://djasljsa.academia.edu/TamaraNawaiseh?f_ri=295680","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98206878/28342455/63816870/s65_tamara.nawaiseh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":620,"name":"Internal Medicine (General 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