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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">DIGITAL Command Language</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png/300px-Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png/450px-Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png/600px-Openvms-8.4-2L1-dcl.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="602" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">OpenVMS Alpha 8.4-2L1, showing the DCL CLI in a terminal session</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a><sup id="cite_ref-language-1985_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser">VMS Software Inc. (VSI)<sup id="cite_ref-users-manual_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-users-manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">OS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a>, <a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/VAXELN" title="VAXELN">VAXELN</a>, <a href="/wiki/DEC_MICA" title="DEC MICA">MICA</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_PowerShell" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DIGITAL Command Language</b> (<b>DCL</b>) is the standard <a href="/wiki/Command_language" title="Command language">command language</a> adopted by many of the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>. DCL had its roots in <a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">IAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a> and was implemented as a standard across most of Digital's operating systems, notably <a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a> and <a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a>, but took its most powerful form in VAX/VMS (later <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>). DCL continues to be developed by VSI as part of OpenVMS.<sup id="cite_ref-vms-8.4-spd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vms-8.4-spd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Written when the <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> was in heavy use, DCL is a <a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting language</a> supporting several <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a>, including strings, <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)" title="Integer (computer science)">integers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a> arrays, <a href="/wiki/Array_(data_type)" title="Array (data type)">arrays</a> and Booleans, but not <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic" title="Floating-point arithmetic">floating point</a> numbers. Access to <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> <i>system services</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a>) is through lexical <a href="/wiki/Function_(computer_programming)" title="Function (computer programming)">functions</a>, which perform the same as their <a href="/wiki/Compiled_language" title="Compiled language">compiled language</a> counterparts and allow scripts to get information on system state. DCL includes <a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">IF-THEN-ELSE</a>, access to all the <a href="/wiki/Record_Management_Services" title="Record Management Services">Record Management Services</a> (RMS) file types including stream, indexed, and sequential, but lacks a <a href="/wiki/While_loop" title="While loop">DO-WHILE</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Program_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Program loop">looping</a> construct, requiring users to make do with IF and <a href="/wiki/GOTO" class="mw-redirect" title="GOTO">GOTO</a>-label statements instead. </p><p>DCL is available for other operating systems as well, including </p> <ul><li>VCL and VX/DCL for Unix,</li> <li>VCL for <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>,</li> <li>PC-DCL<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oneadvanced.com/siteassets/resources/application-modernization-collateral/advanced_fact_sheet_open_dcl.pdf">Open DCL</a> for Windows/Linux</li> <li>and Accelr8 DCL Lite for Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>DCL is the basis of the <a href="/wiki/XLNT" title="XLNT">XLNT</a> language, implemented on Windows by an interpreter-IDE-WSH engine combination with CGI capabilities distributed by Advanced System Concepts Inc. from 1997. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Command-line_parser">Command-line parser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Command-line parser"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the OpenVMS implementation, the command line parser is a runtime <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">CLI$</span>) that can be compiled into user applications and therefore gives a consistent command line interface for both OS supplied commands and user written commands. The command line must start with a verb and is then followed by up to 8 parameters (arguments) and/or qualifiers (switches in <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> terminology) which begin with a '/' character. Unlike Unix (but similar to <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>), a space is not required before the '/'. Qualifiers can be position independent (occurring anywhere on the command line) or position dependent, in which case the qualifier affects the parameter it appears after. Most qualifiers are position independent. Qualifiers may also be assigned values or a series of values. Only the first most significant part of the verb and qualifier name is required. Parameters can be integers or alphanumeric text. </p><p>An example OS command may look like: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-powershell mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">set </span><span class="n">audit</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">alarm</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">enable</span><span class="p">=(</span><span class="n">authorization</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">breakin</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">all</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">show</span> <span class="n">device</span> <span class="p">/</span><span class="n">files</span> <span class="nv">$1$DGA1424</span><span class="p">:</span> </pre></div> <p>The second <i>show</i> command could also be typed as: </p> <pre>sho dev $1$DGA1424:/fil </pre> <p>While DCL documentation usually shows all DCL commands in uppercase, DCL commands are case-insensitive and may be typed in upper-, lower-, or mixed-case. </p><p>Some implementations such as OpenVMS and RSX used a minimum uniqueness scheme in allowing commands to be shortened. </p><p>Unlike other systems which use <i><a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">paths</a></i> for locating commands, DCL requires commands to be defined explicitly, either via CLD (Command Language Definition) definitions or a <i>foreign symbol</i>. Most <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>-native commands are defined via CLD files; these are compiled by the CDU, the Command Definition Utility, and added to a DCL 'table' -- <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SYS$LIBRARY:DCLTABLES.EXE</code> by default, although processes are free to use their own tables—and can then be invoked by the user. For example, defining a command FOO that accepts the option "/BAR" and is implemented by the image <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SYS$SYSEXE:FOO.EXE</code> could be done with a CLD file similar to: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>DEFINE VERB FOO IMAGE "SYS$SYSEXE:FOO.EXE" QUALIFIER BAR </pre></div> <p>The user can then type "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">FOO</span>", or "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">FOO/BAR</span>", and the FOO program will be invoked. The command definition language supports many types of options, for example dates and file specifications, and allows a qualifier to change the image invoked—for example "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">CREATE</span>", to create a file, vs. "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">CREATE/DIRECTORY</span>" to create a directory. </p><p>The other (simpler, but less flexible) method to define commands is via <i>foreign commands</i>. This is more akin to the Unix method of invoking programs. By giving the command: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>foo :== $sys$sysexe:foo.exe </pre></div> <p>the command 'FOO' will invoke FOO.EXE, and supply any additional arguments literally to the program, for example, "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">foo -v</code>". This method is generally used for programs ported from Unix and other non-native systems; for C programs using argc and argv command syntax. </p><p>Versions of <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> DCL starting with V6.2 support the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">DCL$PATH</span> logical name for establishing Unix-style command paths. This mechanism is known as an Automatic Foreign Command. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">DCL$PATH</span> allows a list of directories to be specified, and these directories are then searched for DCL command procedures (<i>command</i>.COM) and then for executable images (<i>command</i>.EXE) with filenames that match the command that was input by the user. Like traditional foreign commands, automatic foreign commands also allow Unix-style command input. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scripting">Scripting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Scripting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DCL scripts look much like any other scripting language, with some exceptions. All DCL verbs in a script are preceded with a $ symbol; other lines are considered to be input to the previous command. For example, to use the TYPE command to print a paragraph onto the screen, one might use a script similar to: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>TYPE<span class="w"> </span>SYS<span class="nv">$INPUT</span>: <span class="go">This is an example of using the TYPE verb</span> <span class="go">in the DCL language.</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>EXIT </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indirect_variable_referencing">Indirect variable referencing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indirect variable referencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible to build arrays in DCL that are referenced through translated symbols. This allows the programmer to build arbitrarily sized data structures using the data itself as an indexing function. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>variable<span class="s1">'i'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"blue"</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nv">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="gp">$ </span>variable<span class="s1">'i'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"green"</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nv">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nv">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>variable<span class="s1">'j'</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>rainbow<span class="s1">'color'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"red"</span> <span class="gp">$ </span><span class="nv">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>variable<span class="s1">'i'</span> <span class="gp">$ </span>rainbow<span class="s1">'color'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"yellow"</span> </pre></div> <p>In this example the variable <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">rainbowblue</span> is assigned the value "red", and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">rainbowgreen</span> is assigned the value "yellow". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commands">Commands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a list of DCL <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">commands</a> for common computing tasks that are supported by the OpenVMS <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-users-manual_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-users-manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COPY_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY (command)">COPY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COPY/FTP_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="COPY/FTP (command)">COPY/FTP</a></li> <li>CREATE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DELETE_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DELETE (command)">DELETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_(OpenVMS_command)" title="Directory (OpenVMS command)">DIRECTORY</a></li> <li>EDIT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOGOUT_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="LOGOUT (command)">LOGOUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">PRINT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENAME_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="RENAME (command)">RENAME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SET_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="SET (command)">SET</a></li> <li>SHOW</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_(OpenVMS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type (OpenVMS command)">TYPE</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexical_functions">Lexical functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lexical functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Lexical functions</b> provide string functions and access to VMS-maintained data. </p><p>Some Lexicals are: </p> <ul><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$EXTRACT(start,length,string)</code> — extract a substring</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$CVTIME</code> — obtain date/time info, e.g. <dl><dd><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-powershell mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="n">YEST_DOW</span><span class="p">=</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="nv">$EXTRACT</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">F</span><span class="nv">$CVTIME</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">DATE_EXPR</span><span class="p">,,</span><span class="s2">"WEEKDAY"</span><span class="p">))</span></code></dd></dl></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$ELEMENT(0," ",ABC_DEF)</code> — for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">ABC_DEF = "ABC DEF"</code> would return <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">"ABC"</code></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$SEARCH</code> — searches for a file, returns a null ("") if not found</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$LOCATE(needle,haystack)</code></li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">F$SetPRV("BYPASS,CMKRNL,ALTPRI")</code> — it's a privilege to have access to this.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_command_shells" title="Comparison of command shells">Comparison of command shells</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-language-1985-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-language-1985_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/handbook/VMS_Language_and_Tools_Handbook_1985.pdf">"VAX/VMS Software Language and Tools Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>bitsavers.org</i>. 1985<span 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July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VSI+OpenVMS+User%27s+Manual&rft.pub=VSI&rft.date=2020-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvmssoftware.com%2Fdocs%2FVSI_USERS_MANUAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADIGITAL+Command+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vms-8.4-spd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vms-8.4-spd_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vmssoftware.com/docs/VSI_OVMS_SPDQS_OS_V842L1I_UPD1.pdf">"Software Product Description and QuickSpecs - VSI OpenVMS Version 8.4-2L1 for Integrity servers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. VMS Software Inc. July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Software+Product+Description+and+QuickSpecs+-+VSI+OpenVMS+Version+8.4-2L1+for+Integrity+servers&rft.pub=VMS+Software+Inc.&rft.date=2019-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvmssoftware.com%2Fdocs%2FVSI_OVMS_SPDQS_OS_V842L1I_UPD1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADIGITAL+Command+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/MichelValentin/PC-DCL">"MichelValentin/PC-DCL"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 29 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=MichelValentin%2FPC-DCL&rft.date=2022-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FMichelValentin%2FPC-DCL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADIGITAL+Command+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jonesrh.info/dcll/pcdcl_vs_dcll_comparison.html">"Comparison of PC-DCL vs. Open DCL Lite"</a>. <q>A comparison of Valentin's PC-DCL vs. Accelr8 Open DCL Lite</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+PC-DCL+vs.+Open+DCL+Lite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjonesrh.info%2Fdcll%2Fpcdcl_vs_dcll_comparison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADIGITAL+Command+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_C._AnagnostopoulosSteve_Hoffman1998" class="citation book cs1">Paul C. Anagnostopoulos; Steve Hoffman (1998). <i>Writing Real Programs in DCL</i> (Second ed.). Digital Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55558-191-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55558-191-9"><bdi>1-55558-191-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+Real+Programs+in+DCL&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Digital+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55558-191-9&rft.au=Paul+C.+Anagnostopoulos&rft.au=Steve+Hoffman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADIGITAL+Command+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vmssoftware.com/docs/VSI_DCL_DICT_VOL_I.pdf">VSI OpenVMS DCL Dictionary: A-M</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vmssoftware.com/docs/VSI_DCL_DICT_VOL_II.pdf">VSI OpenVMS DCL Dictionary: N-Z</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040828080028/http://dcl.openvms.org/">OpenVMS.org's DCL archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Robert Palmer (computer businessman)">Robert Palmer</a> (CEO, 1992–1998)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg/110px-Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg/165px-Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg/220px-Digital_Equipment_Corporation_1993_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="938" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set<br />architectures</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PDP-11_architecture" title="PDP-11 architecture">PDP-11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>LSI-11</li> <li>F-11</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_T-11" title="DEC T-11">T-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_J-11" title="DEC J-11">J-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEC_V-11" title="DEC V-11">V-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroVAX_78032" title="MicroVAX 78032">MicroVAX 78032</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CVAX" title="CVAX">CVAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CVAX#SOC" title="CVAX">SOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigel_(microprocessor)" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Rigel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigel_(microprocessor)#Mariah" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Mariah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVAX" title="NVAX">NVAX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21064" title="Alpha 21064">Alpha 21064</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21064#Alpha_21066" title="Alpha 21064">21066</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21064#Alpha_21068" title="Alpha 21064">21068</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21164" title="Alpha 21164">Alpha 21164</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha_21164#Alpha_21164PC_(PCA56)" title="Alpha 21164">21164PC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21264" title="Alpha 21264">Alpha 21264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21364" title="Alpha 21364">Alpha 21364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_21464" title="Alpha 21464">Alpha 21464</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEC_PRISM" title="DEC PRISM">MicroPRISM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">Computer<br />terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VT05" title="VT05">VT05</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_GT40" title="DEC GT40">GT40</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT52" title="VT52">VT50/VT52</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT55" class="mw-redirect" title="VT55">VT55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT62" class="mw-redirect" title="VT62">VT62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100" title="VT100">VT100</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT101" class="mw-redirect" title="VT101">VT101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT102" class="mw-redirect" title="VT102">VT102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT103" class="mw-redirect" title="VT103">VT103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT105" class="mw-redirect" title="VT105">VT105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT131" class="mw-redirect" title="VT131">VT131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT180" title="VT180">VT180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VT220</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT240" class="mw-redirect" title="VT240">VT240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT241" class="mw-redirect" title="VT241">VT241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT320" title="VT320">VT320</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT330" class="mw-redirect" title="VT330">VT330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT340" class="mw-redirect" title="VT340">VT340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT420" title="VT420">VT420</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT1000" title="VT1000">VT1000</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT510" class="mw-redirect" title="VT510">VT510</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT520" title="VT520">VT520</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT525" class="mw-redirect" title="VT525">VT525</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDP-7#Software" title="PDP-7">DECsys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_Disk_Monitor_System" class="mw-redirect" title="4K Disk Monitor System">4K DMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Operating_System" title="Commercial Operating System">COS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-10" title="TOPS-10">TOPS-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSX-15" class="mw-redirect" title="RSX-15">RSX-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSS/8" title="TSS/8">TSS/8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/8" title="OS/8">OS/8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Application_System" title="Interactive Application System">IAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUMPS#1970s" title="MUMPS">DSM-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOPS-20" title="TOPS-20">TOPS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">VAX/VMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXELN" title="VAXELN">VAXELN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrix" title="Ultrix">Ultrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_MICA" title="DEC MICA">MICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital UNIX">Digital UNIX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC-8" title="BASIC-8">BASIC-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIBOL" title="DIBOL">DIBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(programming_language)" title="FOCAL (programming language)">FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACRO-10" title="MACRO-10">MACRO-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MACRO-11" title="MACRO-11">MACRO-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUMPS" title="MUMPS">MUMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAX_MACRO" title="VAX MACRO">VAX MACRO</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DIGITAL Command Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Code page 1100</a> (Multinational)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">Code page 1287</a> (Greek)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">Code page 1288</a> (Turkish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Bus standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">Digital Storage Systems Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massbus" title="Massbus">Massbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-Bus" title="Q-Bus">Q-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Disk_Interconnect" title="Standard Disk Interconnect">Standard Disk Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronous_Backplane_Interconnect" title="Synchronous Backplane Interconnect">Synchronous Backplane Interconnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAXBI_bus" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI bus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DECtalk" title="DECtalk">DECtalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECwriter" title="DECwriter">DECwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Digital Linear Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamically_Redefined_Character_Set" title="Dynamically Redefined Character Set">Dynamically Redefined Character Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(cache_coherence_protocol)" title="Firefly (cache coherence protocol)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-Chip_module" title="Flip-Chip module">Flip-Chip module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_key_(DEC)" title="Gold key (DEC)">Gold key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK201" title="LK201">LK201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK421" title="LK421">LK421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_Storage_Control_Protocol" title="Mass Storage Control Protocol">Mass Storage Control Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PALcode" title="PALcode">PALcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RA90" title="RA90">RA90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RK05" title="RK05">RK05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RL02" title="RL02">RL02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_coupler" title="Star coupler">Star coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Module" title="System Module">System Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TU81" title="TU81">TU81</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CPU_Wars" title="CPU Wars">CPU Wars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECnet" title="DECnet">DECnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECUS" title="DECUS">DECUS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HP-Interex" title="HP-Interex">HP-Interex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Federal_Credit_Union" title="Digital Federal Credit Union">Digital Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_debugging_technique" title="Dynamic debugging technique">Dynamic debugging technique</a></li> <li><a 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