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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia ya hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_ya_hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosa_la_Hesabu_ya_Dionysio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosa_la_Hesabu_ya_Dionysio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kosa la Hesabu ya Dionysio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosa_la_Hesabu_ya_Dionysio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uenezi_wa_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uenezi_wa_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uenezi wa Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uenezi_wa_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namna_za_kutaja_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namna_za_kutaja_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Namna za kutaja Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namna_za_kutaja_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tazama_pia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tazama_pia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tazama pia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tazama_pia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christliche_Jahresz%C3%A4hlung" title="Christliche Jahreszählung – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christliche Jahreszählung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristana_erao" title="Kristana erao – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristana erao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristlik_ajaarvamine" title="Kristlik ajaarvamine – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristlik ajaarvamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas%C3%A8hi" title="Masèhi – Kijava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Masèhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Kijava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_Kristian" title="Era Kristian – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Era Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushure_ma_Kristo" title="Mushure ma Kristo – Kishona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mushure ma Kristo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Kishona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa 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Kristo">Yesu Kristo</a>. Miaka iliyotangulia kuzaliwa kwake <a href="/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu">Yesu</a> huitwa <b><a href="/wiki/Kabla_ya_Kristo" title="Kabla ya Kristo">Kabla ya Kuzaliwa kwake Yesu Kristo</a></b> au kifupi: <b>KK</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_ya_hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo""><span id="Historia_ya_hesabu_.22Kabla_ya_.2F_Baada_ya_Kristo.22"></span>Historia ya hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Historia ya hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia ya hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo""><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hesabu hii ilianzishwa mwaka <a href="/wiki/527" title="527">527</a> BK na <a href="/wiki/Mmonaki" title="Mmonaki">mmonaki</a> <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus" title="Dionysius Exiguus">Dionysius Exiguus</a> alipokuwa <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>. </p><p>Wakati ule mahesabu mbalimbali ya miaka yalikuwa kawaida. Mwaka uleule uliweza kuitwa kutokana na muda wa <a href="/wiki/Utawala" title="Utawala">utawala</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Mfalme" title="Mfalme">Mfalme</a> au <a href="/wiki/Kaisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisari">Kaisari</a> (kwa mfano: mwaka wa 5 wa <a href="/wiki/Kaisari_Iustiniano" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisari Iustiniano">Kaisari Iustiniano</a>) na pia kuanzia tarehe ya kuundwa kwa <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mji</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> (kwa mfano: mwaka 1185 ab Urbe Condita = tangu kuanzishwa kwa mji). </p><p>Mahesabu mengine yaliyokuwa kawaida wakati ule ni makadirio mbalimbali "tangu kuumbwa kwa dunia" na mengineyo. </p><p>Dionysio baada ya kufanya <a href="/wiki/Utafiti" title="Utafiti">utafiti</a> alidhani Yesu alizaliwa mwaka 754 tangu kuanzishwa kwa Roma. </p><p>Hesabu yake haijui mwaka "0"; tarehe ya kuzaliwa kwake Yesu huchukuliwa kama mwanzo wa mwaka. Kwa hiyo moja kwa moja inaingia katika mwaka "<a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a>" na mwaka kabla yake ni mwaka <a href="/wiki/1_KK" title="1 KK">1 kabla ya Kristo = KK</a>. </p><p>Hii ndiyo sababu ya kwamba <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a> karibu yote ilikosa kusheherekea mwaka <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> kuwa <a href="/wiki/Mwanzo" title="Mwanzo">mwanzo</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Milenia" title="Milenia">milenia</a> mpya. Mwaka 2000 ulikuwa mwaka wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwisho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mwisho (bado haujaandikwa)">mwisho</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Karne" title="Karne">karne</a> iliyoanza mwaka 1901; <a href="/wiki/Karne" title="Karne">karne</a> na milenia mpya zilianza mwaka <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kosa_la_Hesabu_ya_Dionysio">Kosa la Hesabu ya Dionysio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Kosa la Hesabu ya Dionysio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kosa la Hesabu ya Dionysio"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hesabu ya Dionysio ilikosea miaka kadhaa. Ni kwa sababu wakati wake <a href="/wiki/Dola_la_Roma" title="Dola la Roma">Dola la Roma</a> lilikuwa limeshakwisha katika <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisari">Kaisari</a> alikaa <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopoli" title="Konstantinopoli">Bizanti</a> au <a href="/wiki/Roma_ya_Mashariki" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma ya Mashariki">Roma ya Mashariki</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kumbukumbu" title="Kumbukumbu">Kumbukumbu</a> za Roma yenyewe hazikutunzwa tangu miaka mingi. </p><p>Leo hii <a href="/wiki/Wataalamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wataalamu">wataalamu</a> wengi hukubaliana ya kwamba kasoro Ya Dionysio ni takriban miaka 4 - 8; yaani mwaka halisi wa kuzaliwa kwake <a href="/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu">Yesu</a> ulikuwa kama miaka nne hadi nane kabla ya mwaka ambao tumezoea kuhesabu kama "1", kwa kuwa mwaka <a href="/wiki/4_K.K." class="mw-redirect" title="4 K.K.">4 K.K.</a> ndipo alipokufa mfalme <a href="/wiki/Herode_Mkuu" title="Herode Mkuu">Herode Mkuu</a> aliyejaribu kumuua akiwa <a href="/wiki/Mtoto" title="Mtoto">mtoto</a> mchanga. </p><p>Wengi walijaribu kusahihisha kosa hilo lakini habari kamili kabisa haziwezi kupatikana, tena ni vigumu kubadilisha mahesabu yote, <a href="/wiki/Vitabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitabu">vitabu</a> n.k. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uenezi_wa_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo""><span id="Uenezi_wa_Hesabu_.22Kabla_ya_.2F_Baada_ya_Kristo.22"></span>Uenezi wa Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Uenezi wa Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Uenezi wa Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo""><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mwanzoni hesabu ya Dionysio ilikuwa pendekezo la mtaalamu fulani tu, watu wakiendelea kutumia mahesabu yao mbalimbali. </p><p>Miaka 60 baada ya Dionysio, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Bonifas_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Bonifas IV">Papa Bonifas IV</a>, akiwa mkuu wa <a href="/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki">Kanisa Katoliki</a>, alitumia tarehe zote mbili za "baada ya Kristo" na "tangu kuanzishwa kwa mji". Wataalamu walianza kutumia zaidi hesabu hiyo mpya. </p><p>Mnamo mwaka <a href="/wiki/725" title="725">725</a> <a href="/wiki/Mtaalamu" title="Mtaalamu">mtaalamu</a> <a href="/wiki/Beda_Mheshimiwa" title="Beda Mheshimiwa">Beda Mheshimiwa</a> alitunga <a href="/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu">kitabu</a> "Kuhusu ugawaji wa wakati" <i>(kwa <a href="/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini">Kilatini</a> De Temporum Ratione)</i> alikotumia mfumo ulioundwa na Dionysio akaendelea kuutumia pia katika kitabu kuhusu "<a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Kanisa" title="Historia ya Kanisa">Historia ya Kanisa</a>". Kwa kuwa vitabu vya Beda vilikuja kutumiwa kote katika <a href="/wiki/Ulaya_ya_Magharibi" title="Ulaya ya Magharibi">Ulaya ya Magharibi</a>, vilichangia sana uenezi wa hesabu hiyo mpya. </p><p>Wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Karolo_Mkuu" title="Karolo Mkuu">Karolo Mkuu</a>, Mfalme (halafu <a href="/wiki/Kaisari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaisari">Kaisari</a>) aliyetawala <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a> pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani">Ujerumani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia_ya_Kaskazini" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia ya Kaskazini">Italia ya Kaskazini</a> na maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Uholanzi" title="Uholanzi">Uholanzi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ubelgiji" title="Ubelgiji">Ubelgiji</a>, hesabu tangu Kristo ilikuwa rasmi kwa <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a>. </p><p>Lakini bado zilihitajika karne kadhaa hadi hesabu hii iwe imekuwa kawaida katika <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a>. </p><p>Kutokana na uenezaji wa <a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a> na <a href="/wiki/Utawala" title="Utawala">utawala</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Wazungu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazungu">Wazungu</a>, hesabu "Baada ya Kristo" ilienea kote duniani. </p><p>Siku hizi ni hesabu pekee katika nchi nyingi. Katika nchi mbalimbali inatumika sambamba na mahesabu mengine. </p><p>Nchi mbalimbali za <a href="/wiki/Kiislamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiislamu">Kiislamu</a> hutumia miaka tangu <a href="/wiki/Hijra" title="Hijra">Hijra</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (mwaka <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> BK), lakini mara nyingi pamoja na miaka ya hesabu ya Kikristo kwa ajili ya mambo ya biashara na <a href="/wiki/Mawasiliano" title="Mawasiliano">mawasiliano</a> ya kimataifa. </p><p>Nchi ya <a href="/wiki/Israeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli">Israeli</a> inatumia kalenda rasmi tangu "kuumbwa kwa dunia", isipokuwa kando ya Kalenda ya BK kwa sababu zilizotajwa hapo juu kwa ajili ya nchi za Kiislamu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan">Japan</a> inatumia hesabu ya miaka ya Kaisari yake - vilevile kando ya Kalenda ya BK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namna_za_kutaja_Hesabu_"Kabla_ya_/_Baada_ya_Kristo""><span id="Namna_za_kutaja_Hesabu_.22Kabla_ya_.2F_Baada_ya_Kristo.22"></span>Namna za kutaja Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Namna za kutaja Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Namna za kutaja Hesabu "Kabla ya / Baada ya Kristo""><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dionysio hakutumia <a href="/wiki/Msamiati" title="Msamiati">msamiati</a> "baada ya Kristo" - alisema "<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>" ("mwaka wa Bwana") akimaanisha Dominus = <a href="/wiki/Bwana" title="Bwana">Bwana</a> ndiye Yesu. Hivyo kifupi katika lugha ya <a href="/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini">Kilatini</a> ni "AD" kilichoingia pia katika <a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a> na lugha nyingine kadhaa. </p><p>Hata miaka kabla ya Kristo kwa Kiingereza huitwa kwa kifupi cha Kilatini "a. Chr" (ante Christum natum = kabla ya kuzaliwa kwake Kristo). Wengine hutumia "BC" = "before Christ". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tazama_pia">Tazama pia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Tazama pia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Tazama pia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&oldid=1024504">https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baada_ya_Kristo&oldid=1024504</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:Jamii" title="Maalum:Jamii">Jamii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Historia" title="Jamii:Historia">Historia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamii:Kalenda" title="Jamii:Kalenda">Kalenda</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ukurasa huu umebadilishwa kwa mara ya mwisho tarehe 20 Februari 2018, saa 08:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Maandishi yanapatikana chini ya leseni ya <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; matakwa mengine yanaweza kutakiwa. 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