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<li id="toc-Indian_deities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_deities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Indian deities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_deities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage_and_statuary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage_and_statuary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coinage and statuary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage_and_statuary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvixka" title="Huvixka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Huvixka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvi%C5%A1ka" title="Huviška – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Huviška" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvischka" title="Huvischka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Huvischka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Χουβίσκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χουβίσκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huvishka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvi%C5%9Dka" title="Huviŝka – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Huviŝka" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="هویشکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هویشکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huvishka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="हुविष्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हुविष्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwishka" title="Huwishka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Huwishka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Huvishka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="हुविष्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हुविष्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Huvishka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvishka" title="Huvishka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Huvishka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_I" title="Хувишка I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хувишка I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குவிஷ்கன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குவிஷ்கன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="హువిష్క – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హువిష్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="พระเจ้าหุวิชกะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าหุวิชกะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ҳувишка – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳувишка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гувішка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гувішка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1396420#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kushan emperor from c. 150 to c. 190</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huvishka</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a> emperor</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg/220px-HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg/330px-HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg/440px-HuvishkaBMCoin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="1053" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><small>Coin of Huvishka. Legend in Kushan language and Greek script (with the Kushan letter Ϸ "sh"): ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ ("Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano"): "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan".</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">150–190 CE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150 CE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">130 AD<br /><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">190 AD (59 years)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">190 AD<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanishka_II" title="Kanishka II">Kanishka II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huvishka</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushan Dynasty">Kushan Dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Huvishka</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bactrian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactrian script">Kushan</a>: Οοηϸκι, <i>Ooēški</i>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi</a>: 𑀳𑀼𑀯𑀺𑀱𑁆𑀓; <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Hu-vi-ṣka</i></span></i>, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Huviṣka</i></span></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a>: <b>𐨱𐨂𐨬𐨅𐨮𐨿𐨐</b> <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Hu-ve-ṣka</i></span></i>, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Huveṣka</i></span></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was the emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a> from the death of <a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a> (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 150 CE) until the succession of <a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a> about thirty years later. </p><p>His rule was a period of consolidation for the Empire. Huvishka's territory encompassed <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, locations where it is known that he minted his coinage. Gold coins and amulets in his effigy were found as far as <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, including one such amulet as an offering under the <a href="/wiki/Vajrasana,_Bodh_Gaya" title="Vajrasana, Bodh Gaya">Enlightenment Throne of the Buddha</a> in Bodh Gaya, suggesting with other finds of Kushan coins in the area that Kushan rule may have extended this far east.<sup id="cite_ref-BPS52_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BPS52-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reign seems to have been essentially peaceful, consolidating Kushan power in northern India, and moving the centre of the Kushan Empire to the southern capital city of Mathura.<sup id="cite_ref-KR202_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR202-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhara,_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva,_II-III_sec.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG/260px-Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG/390px-Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG/520px-Gandhara%2C_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva%2C_II-III_sec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2196" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Relief probably showing Huvishka making a donation to the Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Huvishka was the son of Kanishka. His reign is also known as the golden age of Kushan rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mahayana_Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mahayana Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reign of Huvishka corresponds with the first known epigraphic evidence of the Buddha <a href="/wiki/Amitabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha">Amitabha</a>, on the bottom part of a 2nd-century statue which has been found in Govindo-Nagar, and now at the <a href="/wiki/Mathura_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathura Museum">Mathura Museum</a>. The statue is dated to "the 28th year of the reign of Huvishka", and dedicated to "Amitabha Buddha" by a family of merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GS99_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also some evidence that Huvishka was a follower of <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahāyāna Buddhism</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> manuscript fragment in the <a href="/wiki/Schoyen_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoyen Collection">Schøyen Collection</a> describes Huvishka as one who has "set forth in the Mahāyāna."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhara,_omaggio_di_un_re_kushana_al_bodhisattva,_II-III_sec.JPG" title="File:Gandhara, omaggio di un re kushana al bodhisattva, II-III sec.JPG">Some reliefs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> are also thought to portray Huvishka making donations to the Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Huvishka is widely attested to have supported Buddhism, but the Buddha does not appear on his coinage, possibly out of respect to the Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Earliest known "Mahayana" inscription: inscribed pedestal with the first known occurrence of the name of "Amitabha Buddha" in the "year 26" (153 CE, first year of Huvishka)[10]"><img alt="Earliest known "Mahayana" inscription: inscribed pedestal with the first known occurrence of the name of "Amitabha Buddha" in the "year 26" (153 CE, first year of Huvishka)[10]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg/200px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg/300px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg/400px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4066" data-file-height="1507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Earliest known "<a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>" inscription: inscribed pedestal with the first known occurrence of the name of "<a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha Buddha">Amitabha Buddha</a>" in the "year 26" (153 CE, first year of Huvishka)<sup id="cite_ref-MMR_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMR-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First known Mahayana inscription: words "Bu-ddha-sya A-mi-tā-bha-sya" ("of Amitabha Buddha") in Brahmi script in the inscription.[7]"><img alt="First known Mahayana inscription: words "Bu-ddha-sya A-mi-tā-bha-sya" ("of Amitabha Buddha") in Brahmi script in the inscription.[7]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg/200px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg/300px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg/400px-Amitabha_Buddha_inscription_in_the_year_26_of_Huvishka_Inscription_Buddhasya_Amitabhasya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First known Mahayana inscription: words <sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg/10px-Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg/15px-Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg/20px-Gupta_allahabad_bu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg/8px-Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg" decoding="async" width="8" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg/16px-Gupta_ashoka_ddh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="826" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gupta_ashoka_a.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gupta_ashoka_a.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gupta_ashoka_a.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_mi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_t.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gupta_ashoka_t.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_t.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gupta_ashoka_t.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_t.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gupta_ashoka_t.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_t.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg/10px-Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg/15px-Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg/20px-Gupta_allahabad_bh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub>"<i>Bu-ddha-sya A-mi-tā-bha-sya</i>" ("of <a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitabha Buddha">Amitabha Buddha</a>") in <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> in the inscription.<sup id="cite_ref-GS99_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS99-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fragment of a Bodhisattva sculpture inscribed "in the year 33" (𑀲𑀁𑁝𑁔) of "the Great King, son of God, Huvishka" (Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka, ), Art of Mathura.[11]"><img alt="Fragment of a Bodhisattva sculpture inscribed "in the year 33" (𑀲𑀁𑁝𑁔) of "the Great King, son of God, Huvishka" (Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka, ), Art of Mathura.[11]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg/200px-Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg/300px-Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg/400px-Mathura_sculpture_Huvishka_year_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fragment of a Bodhisattva sculpture inscribed "in the year 33" (𑀲𑀁𑁝𑁔) of "the Great King, son of God, Huvishka" (<i>Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka</i>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/8px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/12px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/16px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="339" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="437" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="521" /></a></span><sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/10px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/15px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/20px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></sup><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/13px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" decoding="async" width="13" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/26px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></sub>), <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Mathura" title="Art of Mathura">Art of Mathura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha,_da_mathura,_uttar_pradesh,_123_dc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pedestal of a Buddha statue, with inscription in the name of Huvishka "in the year 45" (𑀲𑀁𑁞𑁔). Starts with Mahārājasya Huviṣkasya Devaputrasya..., ... Uttar Pradesh. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya Museum."><img alt="Pedestal of a Buddha statue, with inscription in the name of Huvishka "in the year 45" (𑀲𑀁𑁞𑁔). Starts with Mahārājasya Huviṣkasya Devaputrasya..., ... Uttar Pradesh. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg/189px-Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg/283px-Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg/377px-Iscrizione_del_regno_di_huvishka_dei_kushana_sul_piedistrallo_di_una_statua_di_buddha%2C_da_mathura%2C_uttar_pradesh%2C_123_dc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3354" data-file-height="1782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pedestal of a Buddha statue, with inscription in the name of Huvishka "in the year 45" (𑀲𑀁𑁞𑁔). Starts with <i>Mahārājasya Huviṣkasya Devaputrasya...</i>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/8px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" decoding="async" width="8" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/12px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/16px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="339" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="521" /></a></span><sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/10px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/15px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/20px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></sup><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/13px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" decoding="async" width="13" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/26px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="510" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="437" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/10px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/20px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/15px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/23px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/30px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub>... <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_Vastu_Sangrahalaya" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya</a> Museum.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graeco-Roman_deities">Graeco-Roman deities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Graeco-Roman deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_(%22Sarapo%22).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/220px-Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/330px-Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/440px-Huvishka_with_seated_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Huvishka with seated <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman-Egyptian</a> god <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a> (ϹΑΡΑΠΟ, <i>"Sarapo"</i>) wearing the <a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">modius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo-Roman trade relations</a></div> <p>Huvishka also incorporates in his coins for the first and only time in Kushan coinage the Hellenistic-Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a> (under the name <i>ϹΑΡΑΠΟ</i>, "Sarapo").<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Serapis was the supreme deity of the pantheon of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, this coin suggests that Huvishka had a strong orientation towards Roman Egypt, which may have been an important market for the products coming from the Kushan Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG" title="File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG">Another coin</a> possibly depicts the Goddess <a href="/wiki/Roma_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma (mythology)">Roma</a> ("Roma aeterna"), under the name "<a href="/wiki/Rishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishti">Rishti</a>" (Greek: ΡΙϷΤ),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Riom" (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_(%22Sarapo%22).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another coin of Huvishka holding a scepter, with, on the reverse, deity Serapis (ϹΑΡΑΠΟ, "Sarapo")"><img alt="Another coin of Huvishka holding a scepter, with, on the reverse, deity Serapis (ϹΑΡΑΠΟ, "Sarapo")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_god_Serapis_%28%22Sarapo%22%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another coin of Huvishka holding a scepter, with, on the reverse, deity <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a> (<i>ϹΑΡΑΠΟ</i>, "Sarapo")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinar,_Kushan_Empire,_Depiction_of_Hercules,_152-192_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Huvishka. Obverse: ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ (Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano, "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan"). Reverse: Herakles with legend ΗΡΑΚΙΛΟ (Erakilo)."><img alt="Coin of Huvishka. Obverse: ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ (Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano, "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan"). Reverse: Herakles with legend ΗΡΑΚΙΛΟ (Erakilo)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg/200px-Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg/300px-Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg/400px-Dinar%2C_Kushan_Empire%2C_Depiction_of_Hercules%2C_152-192_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Huvishka. <i>Obverse</i>: ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΟΟΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ (<i>Shaonanoshao Ooishki Koshano</i>, "King of kings, Huvishka the Kushan"). <i>Reverse</i>: <a href="/wiki/Herakles" class="mw-redirect" title="Herakles">Herakles</a> with legend ΗΡΑΚΙΛΟ (<i>Erakilo</i>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Possible depiction of "Roma Aeterna". The legend has been variously read Riom (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ), or more recently Rishti (Greek: ΡΙϷΤ)."><img alt="Possible depiction of "Roma Aeterna". The legend has been variously read Riom (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ), or more recently Rishti (Greek: ΡΙϷΤ)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG/109px-CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG" decoding="async" width="109" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG/163px-CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG/218px-CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Possible depiction of "Roma Aeterna". The legend has been variously read <i>Riom</i> (Greek: ΡΙΟΜ), or more recently <i><a href="/wiki/Rishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishti">Rishti</a></i> (Greek: ΡΙϷΤ).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iranian_deities">Iranian deities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iranian deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huvishka is also known to have included Iranian deities in his <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(religion)" title="Pantheon (religion)">pantheon</a>. Between 164 and 174, he established a temple to <i><a href="/wiki/Pharro" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharro">Pharro</a></i> ("Royal splendour")-<i><a href="/wiki/Ardoxsho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardoxsho">Ardoxsho</a></i> in the stronghold of Ayrtam, near <a href="/wiki/Termez" title="Termez">Termez</a>, according to the <i>Ayrtam inscription</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also issued numerous coins in the name of these deities. Many more Iranian deities are also known from his coinage, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Miiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Miiro">Miiro</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra">Mitra</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Mah" title="Mah">Mao</a></i> (the Lunar deity <a href="/wiki/Mah" title="Mah">Mah</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Bactrian_goddess)" title="Nana (Bactrian goddess)">Nana</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Atsho" class="mw-redirect" title="Atsho">Atsho</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Atar" title="Atar">Atar</a>, "The Royal fire").<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> deity, the supreme god <i>Ooromozdo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a>), and <i>Mazdo oana</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> the victorious") also appears.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Zoroastrian deities include <i><a href="/wiki/Rishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishti">Rishti</a></i> ("Uprightness", <a href="/wiki/Arshtat" title="Arshtat">Arshtat</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Ashaeixsho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashaeixsho">Ashaeixsho</a></i> ("Best righteousness", <a href="/wiki/Asha_Vahishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Asha Vahishta">Asha Vahishta</a>), the Lunar deity <a href="/wiki/Mah" title="Mah">Mah</a> (<i>Mao</i>), <i><a href="/wiki/Shaoreoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoreoro">Shaoreoro</a></i> ("Best royal power", <a href="/wiki/Khshathra_Vairya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khshathra Vairya">Khshathra Vairya</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity Pharro ("ΦΑΡΡΟ"). Circa CE 152-192"><img alt="Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity Pharro ("ΦΑΡΡΟ"). Circa CE 152-192" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg/200px-Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg/300px-Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg/400px-Huvishka._Circa_CE_152-192_diademed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity <a href="/wiki/Pharro" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharro">Pharro</a> ("ΦΑΡΡΟ"). Circa CE 152-192</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity Ardoxsho. Circa CE 152-192"><img alt="Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity Ardoxsho. Circa CE 152-192" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg/200px-Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg/300px-Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg/400px-Kushan_king_Huvishka_coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Kushan ruler Huvishka diademed, with deity <a href="/wiki/Ardoxsho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardoxsho">Ardoxsho</a>. Circa CE 152-192</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with Atosho (ΑΘΟϷΟ "The Royal fire").[18]"><img alt="Huvishka with Atosho (ΑΘΟϷΟ "The Royal fire").[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Athsho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with <i><a href="/wiki/Atosho" class="mw-redirect" title="Atosho">Atosho</a></i> (ΑΘΟϷΟ "The Royal fire").<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvihska with Ahuramazda (ωΡΟΜ, Orom[zdo]).[18]"><img alt="Huvihska with Ahuramazda (ωΡΟΜ, Orom[zdo]).[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg/200px-Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg/300px-Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg/400px-Huvihska_with_Ahuramazda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvihska with <a href="/wiki/Ahuramazda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahuramazda">Ahuramazda</a> (ωΡΟΜ, <i>Orom[zdo]</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with Rishti.[18]"><img alt="Huvishka with Rishti.[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Rishti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with <i><a href="/wiki/Rishti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishti">Rishti</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with "Asha Vahishta" (ΑϷΑΕΙΧϷΟ, Ashaiexsho).[18]"><img alt="Huvishka with "Asha Vahishta" (ΑϷΑΕΙΧϷΟ, Ashaiexsho).[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Ashaiexsho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with "<a href="/wiki/Asha_Vahishta" class="mw-redirect" title="Asha Vahishta">Asha Vahishta</a>" (ΑϷΑΕΙΧϷΟ, <i>Ashaiexsho</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with the Lunar deity Mah (Mao). The lunar crescent appears behind the shoulders.[18]"><img alt="Huvishka with the Lunar deity Mah (Mao). The lunar crescent appears behind the shoulders.[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Mao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="393" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with the Lunar deity <a href="/wiki/Mah" title="Mah">Mah</a> (<i>Mao</i>). The lunar crescent appears behind the shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with Shaoreoro (ϷΑΟΡΗΟΡΟ, "Best royal power", Khshathra Vairya).[18]"><img alt="Huvishka with Shaoreoro (ϷΑΟΡΗΟΡΟ, "Best royal power", Khshathra Vairya).[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg/200px-Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg/300px-Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg/400px-Huvishka_and_Shaoreoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with <i><a href="/wiki/Shaoreoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoreoro">Shaoreoro</a></i> (ϷΑΟΡΗΟΡΟ, "Best royal power", <a href="/wiki/Khshathra_Vairya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khshathra Vairya">Khshathra Vairya</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AHH327_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_deities">Indian deities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indian deities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg/220px-Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg/330px-Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg/440px-Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Huvishka with deity <i><a href="/wiki/Oesho" title="Oesho">Oesho</a></i> ("ΟΗϷΟ", <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Huvishka is known to have restored a temple in <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>, where provisions were made for hospitality towards the <a href="/wiki/Brahmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmans">Brahmans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHH326_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the coins of Huvishka also featured <a href="/wiki/Maaseno" class="mw-redirect" title="Maaseno">Maaseno</a> on his coins, the Kushan incarnation of the Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Karttikeya" class="mw-redirect" title="Karttikeya">Karttikeya</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Skanda</a>, whose epithet was "Mahasena".<sup id="cite_ref-MA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This god being particularly important to the <a href="/wiki/Yaudheya" title="Yaudheya">Yaudheyas</a>, it may have been incorporated into Kushan coinage when the Kushans expanded into Yaudheya territory in order to establish control of the <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a> area. It may also have been adopted as a way to appease the warlike Yaudheyas. In effect, the <a href="/wiki/Kushans" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushans">Kushans</a> became the suzerains of the Yaudheyas in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pal_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pal-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a departure from his predecessor Kanishka, Huvishka also added <i><a href="/wiki/Oesho" title="Oesho">Oesho</a></i> ("ΟΗϷΟ", <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>) on some of his coinage. In replacement of the Iranian god of war <a href="/wiki/O%C5%99lagno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ořlagno">Ořlagno</a>, he also added several Indian war gods, such as Skando (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Skanda</a>), Komaro (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kumara</a>), Maaseno (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Mahāsena</a>), Bizago (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9B%C4%81kha" class="mw-redirect" title="Viśākha">Viśākha</a>), and even Ommo (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Um%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Umā">Umā</a>), the consort of Siva. This could suggest an evolution toward Indian deities among the Kushans, possibly motivated by the enlisting of Indian warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-MA_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Huvishka with the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. c. 150-180 CE.[23][24]"><img alt="Coin of Huvishka with the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. c. 150-180 CE.[23][24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Huvishka with the divine couple <i>Ommo</i> ("ΟΜΜΟ", <a href="/wiki/Um%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Umā">Umā</a>) holding a flower, and <i><a href="/wiki/Oesho" title="Oesho">Oesho</a></i> ("ΟΗϷΟ", <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>) with four arms holding attributes. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150-180 CE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Huvishka with Indian deity Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena)."><img alt="Coin of Huvishka with Indian deity Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg/200px-Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg/300px-Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg/400px-Huvishka_Maaseno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="369" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Huvishka with Indian deity <i>Maaseno</i> (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Mahāsena</a>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Huvishka with Indian deities Skando-Komaro (Old Indian Skanda-Kumara) and Bizago (Old Indian Viśākha)"><img alt="Coin of Huvishka with Indian deities Skando-Komaro (Old Indian Skanda-Kumara) and Bizago (Old Indian Viśākha)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Skando-Komaro_and_Bizago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Huvishka with Indian deities <i>Skando-Komaro</i> (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Skanda</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kumara</a>) and <i>Bizago</i> (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9B%C4%81kha" class="mw-redirect" title="Viśākha">Viśākha</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huvishka with Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena) and attendants"><img alt="Huvishka with Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena) and attendants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg/200px-Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg/300px-Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg/400px-Huvishka_with_Maasena_and_attendants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Huvishka with <i>Maaseno</i> (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Mahāsena</a>) and attendants</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage_and_statuary">Coinage and statuary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coinage and statuary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coinage of Huvishka is characterized by a great variety of designs and the large quantity of gold coins that were minted: more gold coins from Huvishka are known than from all other Kushan rulers combined.<sup id="cite_ref-KR202_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR202-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The locations of his mints were mainly in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, with smaller mints in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KR202_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KR202-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the great remaining puzzles of Huvishka's reign is the devaluation of his coinage. Early in his reign the copper coinage plunged in weight from a standard of 16g to about 10–11g. The quality and weight then continued to decline throughout the reign until at the start of the reign of Vasudeva the standard coin (a tetradrachm) weighed only 9g. The devaluation led to a massive production of imitations, and an economic demand for the older, pre-devaluation coins in the Gangetic valley. However, the motivation and some of the details of this devaluation are still unknown. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:center; margin:0 0 1em 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#f8eaba; text-align:center;"> <div class="center"> <dl><dt>Huvishka</dt></dl> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kushan king or prince, said to be Huvishka, Gandhara art.[5]"><img alt="Kushan king or prince, said to be Huvishka, Gandhara art.[5]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg/68px-Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg/102px-Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg/137px-Kushan_king_or_prince.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="1266" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kushan king or prince, said to be Huvishka, <a href="/wiki/Gandhara_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhara art">Gandhara art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushan_ruler_and_attendants,_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting of a Kushan ruler (probably Huvishka, seated) and attendants, Bactria.[25]"><img alt="Painting of a Kushan ruler (probably Huvishka, seated) and attendants, Bactria.[25]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg/100px-Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg/150px-Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg/200px-Kushan_ruler_and_attendants%2C_Bactria_74-258_CE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painting of a Kushan ruler (probably Huvishka, seated) and attendants, Bactria.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Huvishka 126–163, with Kushan goddess Rishti, possibly depicted as Roma copied from a Roman coin.[26][27][28]"><img alt="Coin of Huvishka 126–163, with Kushan goddess Rishti, possibly depicted as Roma copied from a Roman coin.[26][27][28]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg/120px-Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg/180px-Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg/240px-Coin_of_Kushan_king_Huvishka_126_163_with_Kushan_goddess_Rishti_depicted_as_Roma_copied_from_a_Roman_coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coin of Huvishka 126–163, with Kushan goddess <i>Rishti</i>, possibly depicted as <i>Roma</i> copied from a Roman coin.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bodhisatva of Sravasti, inscribed "reign of Huvishka" (or possibly Kanishka).[29]"><img alt="Bodhisatva of Sravasti, inscribed "reign of Huvishka" (or possibly Kanishka).[29]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG/55px-Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG" decoding="async" width="55" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG/82px-Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG/110px-Bodhisattva_-_Kushana_-_Circa_1st_Century_AD_-_Sravasti_-_Uttar_Pradesh_-_Indian_Museum_-_Kolkata_2012-11-16_1957.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="4078" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bodhisatva of <a href="/wiki/Sravasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sravasti">Sravasti</a>, inscribed "reign of Huvishka" (or possibly Kanishka).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naga statue with inscription of "the 40th year of the reign of Huvishka". Mathura Museum."><img alt="Naga statue with inscription of "the 40th year of the reign of Huvishka". Mathura Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg/72px-Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg/109px-Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg/145px-Naga_statue_with_inscription_from_the_reign_of_Huvishka._Mathura_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="1362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Naga statue with inscription of "the 40th year of the reign of Huvishka". <a href="/wiki/Mathura_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathura Museum">Mathura Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kankali Tila elephant capital with inscription of "Huvishka in the year 39". Detail of the name Hu-vi-ṣka"><img alt="Kankali Tila elephant capital with inscription of "Huvishka in the year 39". Detail of the name Hu-vi-ṣka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg/47px-Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="47" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg/71px-Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg/95px-Kankali_Tila_elephant_Huvishka_year_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="4081" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kankali_Tila" title="Kankali Tila">Kankali Tila</a> elephant capital with inscription of "Huvishka in the year 39". Detail of the name <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/14px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/21px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/28px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="521" /></a></span><sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/12px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/18px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/24px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></sup><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/16px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/32px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></sub> <i>Hu-vi-ṣka</i></div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="backgroundcolor:#DEB887"><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan emperors</a><br /><span style="font-size:80%;">30 CE–350 CE</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg/177px-Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg/266px-Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg/354px-Coin_of_Kanishka_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg/82px-Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg/123px-Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg/164px-Kushan_devotee_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="1464" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Heraios" title="Heraios">Heraios</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">1–30 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Kujula_Kadphises" title="Kujula Kadphises">Kujula Kadphises</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">50–90 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Vima_Takto" title="Vima Takto">Vima Takto</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">90–113 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Vima_Kadphises" title="Vima Kadphises">Vima Kadphises</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">113–127 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka I</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">127–151 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huvishka</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">151–190 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">190–230 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_II" title="Kanishka II">Kanishka II</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">230–247 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sishka" title="Vāsishka">Vāsishka</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">247–267 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_III" title="Kanishka III">Kanishka III</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">267–270 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_II" title="Vasudeva II">Vasudeva II</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">270–300 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Mahi_(Kushan)" title="Mahi (Kushan)">Mahi</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">300–305 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Shaka_(Kushan)" title="Shaka (Kushan)">Shaka</a></td><td style="background-color:#F5DEB3;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">305–335 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-right:1px #fefefe solid"><a href="/wiki/Kipunada" title="Kipunada">Kipunada</a></td><td style="background-color:#FFEBCD;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px #fefefe solid">335–350 CE</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica"><i>Epigraphia Indica Vol 8</i></a>. p. 182.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica+Vol+8&rft.pages=182&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEpigraphiaIndica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sten_Konow" title="Sten Konow">Konow, Sten</a>, <i>Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions with the Exception of Those of Aśoka</i>, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. II, Part I. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch, p. 167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BPS52-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BPS52_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinhaNarain1970" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, Bindeshwari Prasad; Narain, Lala Aditya (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6RRuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA52"><i>Pāṭaliputra Excavation, 1955-56</i></a>. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Bihar. p. 52-53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=P%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaliputra+Excavation%2C+1955-56&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Archaeology+and+Museums%2C+Bihar&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Bindeshwari+Prasad&rft.au=Narain%2C+Lala+Aditya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6RRuAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KR202-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KR202_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KR202_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KR202_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezakhani2017" class="citation book cs1">Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/32671225"><i>From the Kushans to the Western Turks</i></a>. p. 202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Kushans+to+the+Western+Turks&rft.pages=202&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Rezakhani&rft.aufirst=Khodadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F32671225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Une_peinture_kouchane_sur_toile_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshakGrenet2006" class="citation journal cs1">Marshak, Boris; Grenet, Frantz (2006). "Une peinture kouchane sur toile". <i>Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres</i>. <b>150</b> (2): 257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcrai.2006.87101">10.3406/crai.2006.87101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Inscriptions+et+Belles-Lettres&rft.atitle=Une+peinture+kouchane+sur+toile&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=257&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcrai.2006.87101&rft.aulast=Marshak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Grenet%2C+Frantz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhie2010" class="citation book cs1">Rhie, Marylin M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivE2mpfbNR0C&pg=PR37"><i>Early Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, Volume 3: The Western Ch'in in Kansu in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Inter-relationships with the Buddhist Art of Gandh?ra</i></a>. BRILL. p. xxxvii, Fig 6.17a. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18400-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18400-8"><bdi>978-90-04-18400-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Buddhist+Art+of+China+and+Central+Asia%2C+Volume+3%3A+The+Western+Ch%27in+in+Kansu+in+the+Sixteen+Kingdoms+Period+and+Inter-relationships+with+the+Buddhist+Art+of+Gandh%3Fra&rft.pages=xxxvii%2C+Fig+6.17a&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18400-8&rft.aulast=Rhie&rft.aufirst=Marylin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivE2mpfbNR0C%26pg%3DPR37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GS99-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GS99_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GS99_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchopen1987" class="citation journal cs1">Schopen, Gregory (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207114137/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Articles/The-Inscription-on-the-Kusan-Image-of-Amitabha-and-and-the-Character-of-Early-Mahayana-in-India_Schopen.pdf">"The Inscription on the Kuṣān Image of Amitābha and the Charakter of the Early Mahāyāna in India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 99–138. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/Articles/The-Inscription-on-the-Kusan-Image-of-Amitabha-and-and-the-Character-of-Early-Mahayana-in-India_Schopen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+International+Association+of+Buddhist+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Inscription+on+the+Ku%E1%B9%A3%C4%81n+Image+of+Amit%C4%81bha+and+the+Charakter+of+the+Early+Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na+in+India&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=99-138&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Schopen&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahandfulofleaves.org%2Fdocuments%2FArticles%2FThe-Inscription-on-the-Kusan-Image-of-Amitabha-and-and-the-Character-of-Early-Mahayana-in-India_Schopen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neelis, Jason. <i>Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks.</i> 2010. p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta1999" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA327"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=327&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMR-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMR_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhie2010" class="citation book cs1">Rhie, Marylin M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivE2mpfbNR0C&pg=PR37"><i>Early Buddhist Art of China and Central Asia, Volume 3: The Western Ch'in in Kansu in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period and Inter-relationships with the Buddhist Art of Gandhara</i></a>. BRILL. p. xxxvii, Fig 6.17a. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18400-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18400-8"><bdi>978-90-04-18400-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Buddhist+Art+of+China+and+Central+Asia%2C+Volume+3%3A+The+Western+Ch%27in+in+Kansu+in+the+Sixteen+Kingdoms+Period+and+Inter-relationships+with+the+Buddhist+Art+of+Gandhara&rft.pages=xxxvii%2C+Fig+6.17a&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18400-8&rft.aulast=Rhie&rft.aufirst=Marylin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivE2mpfbNR0C%26pg%3DPR37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The inscription reads: "In the year 33 of the Maharaja, the Devaputra Huvishka (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_m.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Gupta_ashoka_h.svg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/10px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg" decoding="async" width="10" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/15px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg/20px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="339" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/27px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/36px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_v.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="437" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/12px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/18px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/27px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg/36px-Gupta_ashoka_sya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></sub> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/14px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/21px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg/28px-Gupta_ashoka_hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="521" /></a></span><sup><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/12px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/18px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg/24px-Gupta_allahabad_vi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="464" /></a></span></sup><sub><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/16px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/24px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg/32px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></sub> <i>Mahārājasya Devaputrasya Huviṣka</i>) on the 8th day of the 1st summer (month), a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuravanaka by the nun Dhanavati, the sister's daughter of the nun Buddhamitra, who knows the Tripitaka, a female pupil of the monk Bala, who knows the Tripitaka, together with her mother and father....". in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica"><i>Epigraphia Indica Vol 8</i></a>. p. 182.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica+Vol+8&rft.pages=182&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEpigraphiaIndica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span> Another similar inscription mentions "Huvihska in the year 26". in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1994" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, R.C. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/splendour-of-mathura-art-and-museum-IDD114/"><i>The Splendour of Mathura Art and Museum</i></a>. D. K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd. p. 142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Splendour+of+Mathura+Art+and+Museum&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=D.+K.+Printworld+Pvt.+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindiaart.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2Fsplendour-of-mathura-art-and-museum-IDD114%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHH326-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH326_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta1999" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA326"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=134885&AucID=160&Lot=1146">Serapis coin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1894-0506-75">"Huvishka Rishti coin British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Huvishka+Rishti+coin+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FC_1894-0506-75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mario Bussagli, "L'Art du Gandhara", 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG" title="File:CoinOfHuvishkaWithRishtiAsRoma.JPG">This coin</a>. The reading of the name of the deity on this last coin is very much uncertain and disputed (Riom, Riddhi, Rishthi, Rise....) in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleet1908" class="citation journal cs1">Fleet, J.F. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25210545">"The Introduction of the Greek Uncial and Cursive Characters into India"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>1908</b>: 179, note 1. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25210545">25210545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Introduction+of+the+Greek+Uncial+and+Cursive+Characters+into+India&rft.volume=1908&rft.pages=179%2C+note+1&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25210545%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fleet&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25210545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The name Riom as read by Gardner, was read by Cunningham as Ride, who equated it with Riddhi, the Indian goddess of fortune. F.W. Thomas has read the name as Rhea" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrava1985" class="citation book cs1">Shrava, Satya (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1EaAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Kushāṇa Numismatics</i></a>. Pranava Prakashan. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kush%C4%81%E1%B9%87a+Numismatics&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Pranava+Prakashan&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Shrava&rft.aufirst=Satya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1EaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHH327-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHH327_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta1999" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA327"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 327–328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=327-328&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2001" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, Mary (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a6gbxVfjtUEC&pg=PA83"><i>Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23902-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23902-8"><bdi>978-0-415-23902-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoroastrians%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23902-8&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da6gbxVfjtUEC%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MA-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MA_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MA_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Also omitted is the ancient Iranian war god Orlagno, whose place and function are occupied by a group of Indian war gods, Skando (Old Indian Skanda), Komaro (Old Indian Kumara), Maaseno (Old Indian Mahāsena), Bizago (Old Indian Viśākha), and even Ommo (Old Indian <a href="/wiki/Um%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Umā">Umā</a>), the consort of Shiva. Their use as reverse types of Huvishka I is clear evidence for the new trends in religious policy of the Kushan king, which was possibly influenced by enlisting Indian warriors into the Kushan army during the campaign against Pataliputra." in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta1999" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA326"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=231327">Classical Numismatics Group</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pal-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pal_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Pratapaditya Pal, University of California Press, 1986, p.78 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC&pg=PA78">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniHarmatta1999" class="citation book cs1">Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DguGWP0vGY8C&pg=PA326"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1408-0"><bdi>978-81-208-1408-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publ.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1408-0&rft.aulast=Dani&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rft.au=Harmatta%2C+J%C3%A1nos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDguGWP0vGY8C%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1888-1208-557">"Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Ommo-Oesho+coin+of+Huvishka+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FC_1888-1208-557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshakGrenet2006" class="citation journal cs1">Marshak, Boris; Grenet, Frantz (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/24546293">"Une peinture kouchane sur toile"</a>. <i>Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres</i>. <b>150</b> (2): 947–963. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcrai.2006.87101">10.3406/crai.2006.87101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-0536">0065-0536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+des+s%C3%A9ances+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Inscriptions+et+Belles-Lettres&rft.atitle=Une+peinture+kouchane+sur+toile&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=947-963&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcrai.2006.87101&rft.issn=0065-0536&rft.aulast=Marshak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Grenet%2C+Frantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F24546293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1894-0506-75">"Huvishka Rishti coin British Museum"</a>. <i>The British Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum&rft.atitle=Huvishka+Rishti+coin+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FC_1894-0506-75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reading of the name of the deity on this coin is very much uncertain and disputed (Riom, Riddhi, Rishthi, Rise....) in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleet1908" class="citation journal cs1">Fleet, J.F. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25210545">"The Introduction of the Greek Uncial and Cursive Characters into India"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>1908</b>: 179, note 1. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25210545">25210545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Introduction+of+the+Greek+Uncial+and+Cursive+Characters+into+India&rft.volume=1908&rft.pages=179%2C+note+1&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25210545%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fleet&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25210545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The name Riom as read by Gardner, was read by Cunningham as Ride, who equated it with Riddhi, the Indian goddess of fortune. F.W. Thomas has read the name as Rhea" in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrava1985" class="citation book cs1">Shrava, Satya (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1EaAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Kushāṇa Numismatics</i></a>. Pranava Prakashan. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kush%C4%81%E1%B9%87a+Numismatics&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Pranava+Prakashan&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Shrava&rft.aufirst=Satya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_1EaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EpigraphiaIndica/page/n235"><i>Epigraphia Indica Vol 8</i></a>. p. 180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigraphia+Indica+Vol+8&rft.pages=180&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEpigraphiaIndica%2Fpage%2Fn235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bivar, A. D. H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/huviska">"HUVIŠKA"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 6</i>. pp. 583–585.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=HUVI%C5%A0KA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+XII%2C+Fasc.+6&rft.pages=583-585&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bivar&rft.aufirst=A.+D.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhuviska&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Huvishka" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Huvishka">Huvishka</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huvishka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinindia.com/galleries-huvishka.html">Online Catalogue of Huvishka's Coinage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinarchives.com/a/results.php?results=100&search=Huvishka">Coins of Huvishka</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kushan.org/essays/huvishka/huvishka.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205170403/http://www.kushan.org/essays/huvishka/huvishka.htm">Archived</a> 2020-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Was Huvishka sole king of the Kushan Empire</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kushan.org/coins/huvishka/devaluation.htm">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925063131/http://www.kushan.org/coins/huvishka/devaluation.htm">Archived</a> 2018-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Devaluation of the Coinage of Kanishka</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Ruler</a> </b><br />150–183 CE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kushan_EmpireEmperors,_territories_and_chronology" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#fcc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kushans" title="Template:Kushans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kushans" title="Template talk:Kushans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kushans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kushans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kushan_EmpireEmperors,_territories_and_chronology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a><br /><small>Emperors, territories and chronology</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; width:100%; margin:2px 0 0 0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Territories/<br />dates</th> <th>Western <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th> <th>Western <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Paropamisadae" title="Paropamisadae">Paropamisadae</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a><br /></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bajaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajaur">Bajaur</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Western Punjab</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Eastern Punjab</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><i><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">INDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#cdcdcd"><i><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">INDO-GREEK KINGDOM</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><i><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">INDO-SCYTHIAN Northern Satraps</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 BCE – 10 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">Indo-Scythian dynasty of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Apracharajas" title="Apracharajas">APRACHARAJAS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vijayamitra" title="Vijayamitra">Vijayamitra</a><br />(ruled 12 BCE – 15 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Liaka_Kusulaka" title="Liaka Kusulaka">Liaka Kusulaka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Patika_Kusulaka" title="Patika Kusulaka">Patika Kusulaka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zeionises" title="Zeionises">Zeionises</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Kharahostes" title="Kharahostes">Kharahostes</a><br />(ruled 10 BCE– 10 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Mujatria" title="Mujatria">Mujatria</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#cdcdcd"><i><a href="/wiki/Strato_II" title="Strato II">Strato II</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Strato_III" title="Strato III">Strato III</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Hagana_(Satrap)" title="Hagana (Satrap)">Hagana</a> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">10-20CE </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gondophares" title="Gondophares">Gondophares</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Indravasu" title="Indravasu">Indravasu</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">INDO-PARTHIAN KINGDOM</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Gondophares" title="Gondophares">Gondophares</a></i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Rajuvula" title="Rajuvula">Rajuvula</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">20–30 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#fc9"><i><a href="/wiki/Ubouzanes" title="Ubouzanes">Ubouzanes</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Pakores" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakores">Pakores</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Vispavarma" title="Vispavarma">Vispavarma</a><br />(ruled <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 0</span>–20 CE)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><i><a href="/wiki/Sarpedones" title="Sarpedones">Sarpedones</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Bhadayasa" title="Bhadayasa">Bhadayasa</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Sodasa" title="Sodasa">Sodasa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">30-40 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#fcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">KUSHAN EMPIRE</a></b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Kujula_Kadphises" title="Kujula Kadphises">Kujula Kadphises</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 50</span>–90)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Indravarma" title="Indravarma">Indravarma</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><i><a href="/wiki/Abdagases" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdagases">Abdagases</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">40–45 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#fcc"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Aspavarma" title="Aspavarma">Aspavarma</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><i><a href="/wiki/Gadana" title="Gadana">Gadana</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">45–50 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#fcc"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Sasan_(Apraca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasan (Apraca)">Sasan</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fc9"><i><a href="/wiki/Sases" title="Sases">Sases</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">50–75 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#fcc"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">75–100 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">Indo-Scythian dynasty of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">WESTERN SATRAPS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chashtana" title="Chashtana">Chastana</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#fcc"><i><a href="/wiki/Vima_Takto" title="Vima Takto">Vima Takto</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 90</span>–113)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd">... </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">100–120 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Abhiraka" title="Abhiraka">Abhiraka</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#fcc"><i><a href="/wiki/Vima_Kadphises" title="Vima Kadphises">Vima Kadphises</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 113</span>–127)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">120 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Bhumaka" title="Bhumaka">Bhumaka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nahapana" title="Nahapana">Nahapana</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Paratarajas" title="Paratarajas">PARATARAJAS</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yolamira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yolamira (page does not exist)">Yolamira</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#fcc"><i><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka I</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 127</span>–151)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fcc">Great Satrap <a href="/wiki/Kharapallana" title="Kharapallana">Kharapallana</a><br />and Satrap <a href="/wiki/Vanaspara" title="Vanaspara">Vanaspara</a><br />for <i><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka I</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#fcc"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">130–230 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Jayadaman" title="Jayadaman">Jayadaman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudradaman_I" title="Rudradaman I">Rudradaman I</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Damajadasri_I" title="Damajadasri I">Damajadasri I</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman">Jivadaman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudrasimha_I" title="Rudrasimha I">Rudrasimha I</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isvaradatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isvaradatta (page does not exist)">Isvaradatta</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudrasimha_I" title="Rudrasimha I">Rudrasimha I</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman">Jivadaman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudrasena_I_(Saka_king)" title="Rudrasena I (Saka king)">Rudrasena I</a><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="1"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagamira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagamira (page does not exist)">Bagamira</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Paratarajas#Rulers" title="Paratarajas">Arjuna</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hvaramira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hvaramira (page does not exist)">Hvaramira</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirahvara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirahvara (page does not exist)">Mirahvara</a><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#fcc"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huvishka</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 151</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 190</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_I" title="Vasudeva I">Vasudeva I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 190</span> – 230)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">230–250 CE </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#adcdcd"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samghadaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samghadaman (page does not exist)">Samghadaman</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Damasena" title="Damasena">Damasena</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Damajadasri_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damajadasri II (page does not exist)">Damajadasri II</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viradaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viradaman (page does not exist)">Viradaman</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yasodaman_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yasodaman I (page does not exist)">Yasodaman I</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vijayasena" title="Vijayasena">Vijayasena</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Damajadasri_III" title="Damajadasri III">Damajadasri III</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudrasena_II" title="Rudrasena II">Rudrasena II</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visvasimha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visvasimha (page does not exist)">Visvasimha</a> </p> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miratakhma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miratakhma (page does not exist)">Miratakhma</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kozana" title="Kozana">Kozana</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhimarjuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhimarjuna (page does not exist)">Bhimarjuna</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koziya (page does not exist)">Koziya</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datarvharna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datarvharna (page does not exist)">Datarvharna</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Datarvharna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datarvharna (page does not exist)">Datarvharna</a><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#ddcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Indo-Sasanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Sasanians">KUSHANO-SASANIANS</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I_Kushanshah" title="Ardashir I Kushanshah">Ardashir I</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 230</span> – 250)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II_Kushanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardashir II Kushanshah">Ardashir II</a> (?-245)<br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#fcc"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_II" title="Kanishka II">Kanishka II</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 230</span> – 247)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">250–280 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ddcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Peroz_I_Kushanshah" title="Peroz I Kushanshah">Peroz I</a>, "Kushanshah" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 250</span> – 265)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I_Kushanshah" title="Hormizd I Kushanshah">Hormizd I</a>, "Kushanshah" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 265</span> – 295)<br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#fcc"> <p><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81sishka" title="Vāsishka">Vāsishka</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 247</span> – 267)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kanishka_III" title="Kanishka III">Kanishka III</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 267</span> – 270)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">280–300 </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Bhratadarman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhratadarman">Bhratadarman</a> </td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datayola_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datayola II (page does not exist)">Datayola II</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ddcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II_Kushanshah" title="Hormizd II Kushanshah">Hormizd II</a>, "Kushanshah" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 295</span> – 300) </p> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fcc"><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_II" title="Vasudeva II">Vasudeva II</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 267</span> – 300)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="4" style="background-color:#fc3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">GUPTA EMPIRE</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_I" title="Chandragupta I">Chandragupta I</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_II" title="Chandragupta II">Chandragupta II</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">300–320 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Visvasena" title="Visvasena">Visvasena</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rudrasimha_II" title="Rudrasimha II">Rudrasimha II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jivadaman" title="Jivadaman">Jivadaman</a><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ddcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Peroz_II_Kushanshah" title="Peroz II Kushanshah">Peroz II</a>, "Kushanshah" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300</span> – 325) </p> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fcc"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mahi_(Kushan)" title="Mahi (Kushan)">Mahi</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300</span>–305)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Shaka_(Kushan)" title="Shaka (Kushan)">Shaka</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 305</span> – 335)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">320–388 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Yasodaman_II" title="Yasodaman II">Yasodaman II</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudradaman_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudradaman II (page does not exist)">Rudradaman II</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudrasena_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudrasena III (page does not exist)">Rudrasena III</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Simhasena" class="mw-redirect" title="Simhasena">Simhasena</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudrasena_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudrasena IV (page does not exist)">Rudrasena IV</a><br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#ddcdcd"> <p><a href="/wiki/Varahran_I_Kushanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Varahran I Kushanshah">Varahran I</a> (325–350)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> Sassanid king and "Kushanshah" (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350</span>) </p> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#fcc"> <p><a href="/wiki/Kipunada" title="Kipunada">Kipunada</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 335</span> – 350)<sup id="cite_ref-KKSK_33-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">388–396 CE </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#adcdcd"><a href="/wiki/Rudrasimha_III" title="Rudrasimha III">Rudrasimha III</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEB887"><a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">KIDARITES invasion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="text-align:left"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the dated inscription on the <a href="/wiki/Rukhana_reliquary" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukhana reliquary">Rukhana reliquary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Salomon1996" class="citation journal cs1">Richard Salomon (July–September 1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>116</b> (3): 418–452 [442]. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/605147">605147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=An+Inscribed+Silver+Buddhist+Reliquary+of+the+Time+of+King+Kharaosta+and+Prince+Indravarman&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=418-452+442&rft.date=1996-07%2F1996-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F605147%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Richard+Salomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Salomon1995" class="citation journal cs1">Richard Salomon (1995) [Published online: 9 Aug 2010]. "A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma". <i>South Asian Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 27–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02666030.1995.9628492">10.1080/02666030.1995.9628492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Kharosth%C4%AB+Reliquary+Inscription+of+the+Time+of+the+Apraca+Prince+Visnuvarma&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-32&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02666030.1995.9628492&rft.au=Richard+Salomon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KKSK-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKSK_33-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJongewardCribb2014" class="citation book cs1">Jongeward, David; Cribb, Joe (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11049999"><i>Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan</i></a>. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kushan%2C+Kushano-Sasanian%2C+and+Kidarite+Coins+A+Catalogue+of+Coins+From+the+American+Numismatic+Society+by+David+Jongeward+and+Joe+Cribb+with+Peter+Donovan&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Jongeward&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Cribb%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11049999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuvishka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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