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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diocesan_or_eparchial_bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Appointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Appointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation_at_75" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_at_75"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Resignation at 75</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_at_75-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canonical_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Canonical authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_titles,_status_and_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_titles,_status_and_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Additional titles, status and roles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Additional_titles,_status_and_roles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Additional titles, status and roles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Additional_titles,_status_and_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-(Arch)bishop-elect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#(Arch)bishop-elect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>(Arch)bishop-elect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-(Arch)bishop-elect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titular_(arch)bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titular_(arch)bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Titular (arch)bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titular_(arch)bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffragan_bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffragan_bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Suffragan bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffragan_bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auxiliary_bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auxiliary_bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Auxiliary bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auxiliary_bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coadjutor_bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coadjutor_bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Coadjutor bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coadjutor_bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bishop-prelate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bishop-prelate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Bishop-prelate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bishop-prelate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emeritus_(arch)bishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emeritus_(arch)bishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Emeritus (arch)bishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emeritus_(arch)bishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cardinal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Cardinal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archbishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archbishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Archbishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archbishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_archbishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_archbishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Metropolitan archbishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_archbishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Pope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pope_emeritus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope_emeritus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Pope emeritus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope_emeritus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Patriarch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Catholicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_archbishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_archbishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Major archbishop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_archbishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Primate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Public office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordination_of_bishops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordination_of_bishops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ordination of bishops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordination_of_bishops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apostolic_succession_and_other_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apostolic_succession_and_other_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Apostolic succession and other churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apostolic_succession_and_other_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress_and_vestments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress_and_vestments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dress and vestments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dress_and_vestments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dress and vestments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dress_and_vestments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Latin Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Catholic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Catholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Eastern Catholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Catholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Rite_Catholic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Rite_Catholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Byzantine Rite Catholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Rite_Catholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Bishops in the Catholic Church</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="أسقف كاثوليكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسقف كاثوليكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Каталіцкі біскуп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталіцкі біскуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obispo_kan_Simbahan_Katoliko" title="Obispo kan Simbahan Katoliko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Obispo kan Simbahan Katoliko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisbe_(Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica)" title="Bisbe (Església Catòlica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bisbe (Església Catòlica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biskupov%C3%A9_v_katolick%C3%A9_c%C3%ADrkvi" title="Biskupové v katolické církvi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biskupové v katolické církvi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bischof_(R%C3%B6misch-katholische_Kirche)" title="Bischof (Römisch-katholische Kirche) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bischof (Römisch-katholische Kirche)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_catholique" title="Évêque catholique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évêque catholique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%90" title="로마 가톨릭교회의 주교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마 가톨릭교회의 주교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uskup_di_Gereja_Katolik" title="Uskup di Gereja Katolik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uskup di Gereja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%89" title="اسقف كاتوليكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسقف كاتوليكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%95%99" title="司教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="司教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopado_cat%C3%B3lico" title="Episcopado católico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Episcopado católico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Бискуп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бискуп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolsk_biskop" title="Katolsk biskop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katolsk biskop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obispo_(Simbahang_Katolika)" title="Obispo (Simbahang Katolika) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Obispo (Simbahang Katolika)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教会主教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天主教会主教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q611644#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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Church)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ordained ministers of the Catholic Church</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG/200px-Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG/300px-Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG/400px-Bischof-GL-M%C3%BCller.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> Catholic bishop <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Gerhard Ludwig Müller">Gerhard Ludwig Müller</a> wearing the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">pontifical vestments</a> and carrying a <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gesupietrochiave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Saint Peter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/150px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/225px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gesupietrochiave.jpg/300px-Gesupietrochiave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_ecclesiastical_titles" title="Category:Catholic ecclesiastical titles">Ecclesiastical titles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">order of precedence</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Emeritus">Pope Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar" title="Cardinal Vicar">Cardinal Vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown-cardinal" title="Crown-cardinal">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of the Church">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_protector" title="Cardinal protector">Protector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain of His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">Papal legate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic nuncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Apostolic delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Syndic" title="Apostolic Syndic">Apostolic Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Vicar apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches" title="Exarch">Apostolic exarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture" title="Apostolic prefecture">Apostolic prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_papal_throne" title="Assistant to the papal throne">Assistant to the papal throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch#Catholic_Church" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">Catholicos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Emeritus">Bishop emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">Suffragan bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(religion)" title="Provost (religion)">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">Pontiff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_prelate" title="Territorial prelate">Territorial prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Territorial abbot</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">Consecrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#CatholicLector" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative and pastoral titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother#Catholicism" title="Religious brother">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Chancellor (ecclesiastical)">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">Chaplain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Military chaplain">Military chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor#Confession_of_sins" title="Confessor">Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultor" title="Consultor">Consultor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curate#Roman_Catholicism" title="Curate">Curate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_bond" title="Defender of the bond">Defender of the bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitor" title="Definitor">Definitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_administrator" title="Diocesan administrator">Diocesan administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_judge" title="Ecclesiastical judge">Ecclesiastical judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcist#Catholicism" title="Exorcist">Exorcist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lay_abbot" title="Lay abbot">Lay abbot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abthain" title="Abthain">Abthain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commendatory_abbot" title="Commendatory abbot">Commendatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_cardinal" title="Lay cardinal">Lay cardinal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(Catholic_Church)" title="Minister (Catholic Church)">Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_orders" title="Major orders">Major orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">Minor orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">Monsignor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_pastor" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant pastor">Assistant pastor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefect#Ecclesiastical" title="Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">Presbyter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Elder (Christianity)">Elder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Principal (Catholic Church)">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Reverend" title="The Reverend">Reverend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint#Catholic_Church" title="Saint">Saint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar" title="Vicar">Vicar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial vicar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">Vicar forane</a> <ul><li>Sub-dean</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Consecrated and professed titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrector#Ecclesiastic_(Catholic)_titles" title="Corrector">Corrector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Dean (Christianity)">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master of novices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice#Roman_Catholicism" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">Superior general</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Additional titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Service_of_Charity" title="Dicastery for the Service of Charity">Almoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">Altar server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">Archimandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">Archpriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">Archdeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(title)" title="Canon (title)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Church" title="Captain General of the Church">Captain General of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorbishop" title="Chorbishop">Chorbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarb" title="Coarb">Coarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissary_Apostolic" title="Commissary Apostolic">Commissary Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conclavist" title="Conclavist">Conclavist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(under-sacristan)" title="Custos (under-sacristan)">Custos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Dataria" title="Apostolic Dataria">Datarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonfalonier_of_the_Church" title="Gonfalonier of the Church">Gonfalonier of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Honorary Prelate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_canon" title="Minor canon">Minor canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notarius" title="Notarius">Notarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Ostiarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulator" title="Postulator">Postulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">Prebendary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precentor" title="Precentor">Precentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prince-abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-primate" title="Prince-primate">Prince-primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-provost" title="Prince-provost">Prince-provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Promotor Fidei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protopriest" title="Protopriest">Protopriest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protodeacon#Roman_rite" title="Protodeacon">Protodeacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionarius" title="Regionarius">Regionarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristan" title="Sacristan">Sacristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_counseling" title="Sidewalk counseling">Sidewalk Counselor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_usher" title="Church usher">Usher</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Associations and Organization titles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Orders">Third Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblates">Oblates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="Confraternities">Confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pious_Unions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pious Unions (page does not exist)">Pious Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_and_Lieutenancies_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Grand Masters and Lieutenancies of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="Grand Master of the Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor" title="Inquisitor">Inquisitor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor" title="Grand Inquisitor">Grand Inquisitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">Preceptor</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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href="/wiki/File:Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg/200px-Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg/300px-Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg/400px-Kanjirappally_Bishop_Mar_Mathew_Arackal_at_Tomb_of_Mar_Varghese_Payyappilly_Palakkappilly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>An Eastern Catholic bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar">Syro-Malabar</a> Church holding the Mar Thoma Cross which symbolizes the heritage and identity of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Malabar_Nasrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Malabar Nasrani">Syrian Church</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Otto_von_Gemmingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Johann_Otto_von_Gemmingen.jpg/200px-Johann_Otto_von_Gemmingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Johann_Otto_von_Gemmingen.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Otto_von_Gemmingen" title="Johann Otto von Gemmingen">Johann Otto von Gemmingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Augsburg" title="Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg">Prince-Bishop of Augsburg in Bavaria</a>, 1591–1598, carrying a <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a> and wearing a <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluviale" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluviale">pluviale</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">ordained</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Catholic_Church)" title="Minister (Catholic Church)">minister</a> who holds the fullness of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacrament</a> of holy orders and is responsible for teaching doctrine,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> governing Catholics in his <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanctifying" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctifying">sanctifying</a> the world<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and representing the church.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholics trace the origins of the office of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a>, who it is believed were endowed with a special <a href="/wiki/Charism" class="mw-redirect" title="Charism">charism</a> and office by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholics believe this special charism and office has been transmitted through an <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">unbroken succession of bishops</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">laying on of hands</a> in the sacrament of holy orders.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishops</a>—known as eparchial bishops in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>—are assigned to govern local regions within the Catholic Church known as <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchies</a> in the Eastern Churches. Bishops are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a> and can hold such additional titles as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>. As of 2020, there were approximately 5,600 living bishops total in the Latin and Eastern churches of the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bishops are always men.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">canon</a> 180 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i> requires that a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a> episcopacy should (canon 378 § 1 of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> states almost the same requirements): </p> <ol><li>demonstrate solid faith, good morals, piety, zeal for souls and prudence;</li> <li>enjoy a good reputation;</li> <li>not be bound by a matrimonial bond;</li> <li>be at least thirty-five years old;</li> <li>ordained a presbyter for at least five years;</li> <li>possess a doctorate or licentiate in some sacred science or at least be an expert in it.</li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diocesan_or_eparchial_bishops">Diocesan or eparchial bishops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Diocesan or eparchial bishops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (Catholic Church)">Ordinary (Catholic Church)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan bishop</a></div> <p>The traditional role of a bishop is to act as head of a diocese or eparchy. Dioceses vary considerably in geographical size and population. A wide variety of dioceses around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> which received the Christian faith early are rather compact in size, while those in areas more recently evangelized, as in some parts of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, tend to be much larger and more populous. Within his own diocese a Latin Church bishop may use pontifical vestments and regalia, but may not do so in another diocese without, at least, the presumed consent of the appropriate ordinary.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appointment">Appointment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of Catholic bishops</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation_at_75">Resignation at 75</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resignation at 75"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> of 1965 diocesan bishops and their equals "who have become less capable of fulfilling their duties properly because of the increasing burden of age or some other serious reason, are earnestly requested to offer their resignation from office either at their own initiative or upon the invitation of the competent authority." The age of 75 was suggested, and <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a> had these provisions incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>'s new <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 Code of Canon Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 401.1 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law states that "A diocesan Bishop who has completed his seventy-fifth year of age is requested to offer his resignation from office to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Pontiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Pontiff">Supreme Pontiff</a>, who, taking all the circumstances into account, will make provision accordingly".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 February 2018, Pope Francis established the same rule for non-cardinal bishops serving in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>, who had previously lost their positions automatically at 75.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roles">Roles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Broaden plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-broaden" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>are skewed towards a single field (i.e. the Latin part of the Catholic Church) and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">full view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit">improve this article</a> and discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Talk:Bishops in the Catholic Church">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Template-Bishop.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Template-Bishop.svg/200px-Template-Bishop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Template-Bishop.svg/300px-Template-Bishop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Template-Bishop.svg/400px-Template-Bishop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1226" /></a><figcaption>One form for the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">coat of arms</a> of a Latin Catholic bishop.</figcaption></figure> <p>A "diocesan bishop"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is entrusted with the care of a <a href="/wiki/Particular_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular Church">local Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is responsible for teaching, governing, and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)#Duties" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">sanctifying</a> the faithful of his diocese, sharing these duties with the priests and deacons who serve under him.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To "teach, sanctify and govern"<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> means that he must (1) oversee preaching of the Gospel and Catholic education in all its forms; (2) oversee and provide for the administration of the sacraments; and (3) legislate, administer and act as judge for <a href="/wiki/Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon Law">canon-law</a> matters within his diocese. He serves as the "chief <a href="/wiki/Shepherd#In_religion" title="Shepherd">shepherd</a>" (spiritual leader) of the diocese and has responsibility for the pastoral care of all Catholics living within his ecclesiastical and <a href="/wiki/Particular_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Particular Church">ritual</a> jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is obliged to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> every Sunday and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Day_of_Obligation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Day of Obligation">Holy Day of Obligation</a> with the intention of praying for those in his care, assign clergy to their posts in various institutions and oversee finances.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bishop is to have a special concern for priests, listening to them, using them as counsellors, ensuring that they are adequately provided for in every way, and defending their rights set forth in the <i>Code of Canon Law</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin Catholic bishops also must make regular <i><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_Visit_Ad_Limina" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquennial Visit Ad Limina">ad limina</a></i> visits to the Holy See every five years.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of their function as teachers of the faith, it is customary in some English-speaking countries to add to the names of bishops the postnominal title of "D.D." (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity" title="Doctor of Divinity">Doctor of Divinity</a>) and to refer to and address them as "Doctor". </p><p>Only a bishop has authority to confer the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacrament</a> of holy orders. In the Latin Church the <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a> were abolished after the Second Vatican Council. In Eastern Catholic Churches, a monastic <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">archimandrite</a> may <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a> and institute his subjects to minor orders; however, the tonsure and minor orders are not considered to be part of the sacrament of holy orders.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a> is normally administered by a bishop in the Latin Church, but a bishop may delegate the administration to a priest. In the case of receiving an adult into full communion with the Catholic Church the presiding priest will administer Confirmation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Eastern Catholic Churches, Confirmation (called <a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a>) is normally administered by priests as it is given at the same time as <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>. It is only within the power of the diocesan or eparchial bishop to bless <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altars</a>, although he may delegate another bishop, or even a priest, to perform the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> Latin Catholic bishops preside over the <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Mass of the Chrism</a>. Though Oil of the Sick for the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a> is blessed at this Mass, it may also be blessed by any priest in case of necessity. Only a bishop may consecrate Chrism. In the Eastern Catholic Churches chrism is consecrated solely by heads of churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> (patriarchs and metropolitans) and diocesan bishops may not do so. </p><p>Only a bishop or other ordinary may grant <i><a href="/wiki/Nihil_obstat" title="Nihil obstat">nihil obstats</a></i> for theological books, certifying that they are free from doctrinal or moral error; this is an expression of the teaching authority, and education responsibility of the bishop. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>, it was also the prerogative of the bishop to consecrate the <a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">paten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">chalice</a> that would be used during the Mass. One of the changes implemented since the council, is that a simple blessing is now said, and it may be given by any priest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonical_authority">Canonical authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canonical authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_bishops_at_papal_funeral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/Catholic_bishops_at_papal_funeral.jpg/400px-Catholic_bishops_at_papal_funeral.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/Catholic_bishops_at_papal_funeral.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="208" /></a><figcaption>Catholic bishops assembled in front of <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In both Western and Eastern Catholic churches, any priest can celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass (Catholic Church)">Mass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>. In order to offer Mass or Divine Liturgy publicly, however, a priest is required to have permission from the local Ordinary—authority for this permission may be given to pastors of parishes for a limited period, but for long-term permission recourse to the diocesan bishop is usually required. A <a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">celebret</a> may be issued to travelling priests so that they can demonstrate to pastors and bishops outside of their own diocese that they are in good standing. However, even if a priest does not possess such a document, he may celebrate the sacraments if the local bishop or pastor judges that the visiting priest is a person of good character.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the East an <a href="/wiki/Antimension" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimension">antimension</a> signed by the bishop is kept on the altar partly as a reminder of whose altar it is and under whose <a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a> the priest at a local parish is serving. </p><p>For priests to validly celebrate the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Penance (Catholic Church)">Penance</a> they must have faculties (permission and authority) from the local bishop;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, when the penitent is in danger of death, a priest has both the right and obligation to hear the confession no matter where he may be.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To preside at matrimony ceremonies, Latin Church priests and deacons must have appropriate jurisdiction or delegation from a competent authority. In the Latin branch of the Catholic Church, the teaching is that it is the couple themselves who administer the graces of the sacrament; thus, although it is normally an ordained person who officiates at a marriage ceremony, a bishop may delegate a lay person to be present for the exchange of vows; this would be done only in extreme cases such as in mission territories. In the Eastern tradition, the clergy not only witness the exchange of vows but must impart a blessing for a valid marriage to have taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unless a particular bishop has forbidden it, any bishop may preach throughout the Catholic Church<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and any priest or deacon may also preach anywhere (presuming the permission of local pastor) unless his faculty to preach has been restricted or removed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> of a diocese contains a special chair, called a <i><a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a></i>, sometimes referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>, set aside in the sanctuary for the exclusive use of its Ordinary; it symbolizes his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_titles,_status_and_roles"><span id="Additional_titles.2C_status_and_roles"></span>Additional titles, status and roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Additional titles, status and roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church hierarchy">Catholic Church hierarchy</a></div> <p>Bishops may fill additional roles in the Catholic Church, including the following: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="(Arch)bishop-elect"><span id=".28Arch.29bishop-elect"></span>(Arch)bishop-elect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: (Arch)bishop-elect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A priest who has been appointed as bishop or a diocesan bishop appointed as archbishop, but before <a href="/wiki/Installation_(Christianity)" title="Installation (Christianity)">assuming office or installation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titular_(arch)bishop"><span id="Titular_.28arch.29bishop"></span>Titular (arch)bishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Titular (arch)bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">titular bishop</a> (or titular archbishop) is a/an (arch)bishop who is not (arch)bishop of a/an (arch)diocese; unless (since 1970) he is coadjutor or emeritus, he is assigned to a <a href="/wiki/Titular_see" title="Titular see">titular see</a>, which is usually the name of a city or area that used to be the seat of a diocese, but whose episcopal see (diocese) is no longer functioning as such. Titular (arch)bishops often serve as <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishops</a>, as officials in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>, in the Patriarchal Curias of Eastern Churches, as papal diplomatic envoys (notably <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic nuncio">apostolic nuncios</a> or <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_delegate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic delegate">apostolic delegates</a>), or head certain missionary pre-diocesan jurisdictions (notably as <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicar" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic vicar">apostolic vicar</a>, which as of 2019 no longer gets a titular see). Since 1970, a coadjutor bishop (or archbishop) uses the title of the see he is assigned to, and a bishop (or archbishop) emeritus uses the title of his last residential see.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffragan_bishop">Suffragan bishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Suffragan bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan bishop</a> leads a diocese within an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">ecclesiastical province</a> other than the principal diocese, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop#Roman_Catholic" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan archdiocese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-metropolitan_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metropolitan-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auxiliary_bishop">Auxiliary bishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Auxiliary bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishop</a> is a full-time assistant to a diocesan bishop or archbishop. Auxiliaries are titular (arch)bishops without the right of succession, who assist the diocesan bishop or archbishop in a variety of ways and are usually appointed as <a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">vicars general or episcopal vicars</a> of the (arch)diocese in which they serve.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coadjutor_bishop">Coadjutor bishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coadjutor bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">coadjutor bishop</a> is a/an (arch)bishop who is given almost equal authority to that of the diocesan bishop or archbishop; he has special faculties and the right to succeed the incumbent diocesan bishop or archbishop.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of coadjutors is seen as a means of providing for continuity of church leadership. Until recent times, there was the possibility of a coadjutor bishop not having the right of succession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bishop-prelate">Bishop-prelate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bishop-prelate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bishop who holds an office that does not require episcopal ordination, notably either the Prelate of a personal prelature<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a territorial prelature.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emeritus_(arch)bishop"><span id="Emeritus_.28arch.29bishop"></span>Emeritus (arch)bishop <span class="anchor" id="Emeritus"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Emeritus (arch)bishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a diocesan bishop, archbishop, or auxiliary bishop retires, he is given the honorary title of "<a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">emeritus</a>" of the last see he served, i.e., archbishop emeritus, bishop emeritus, or auxiliary bishop emeritus of the see. "Emeritus" is not used for a titular see, but could be used for a/an (arch)bishop who has transferred to a non-(arch)diocesan appointment without actually being retired. Examples: Archbishop (or Bishop) Emeritus of Place". Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Luis_Antonio_Tagle" title="Luis Antonio Tagle">Luis Antonio Tagle</a>, who was promoted as prefect for the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples</a>, became <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Manila">Archbishop Emeritus of Manila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, (arch)bishops appointed ordinaries or auxiliaries served for life. When the rare resignation occurred, the bishop was assigned a titular see. The status of "emeritus" emerged after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> when (arch)bishops were at first encouraged and then required to submit their resignations at the age of 75. On 31 October 1970, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> decreed that "diocesan bishops or archbishops of the Latin rite who resign are no longer transferred to a titular church, but instead continue to be identified by the name of the see they have resigned."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardinal">Cardinal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cardinal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a> is a bishop or archbishop appointed by the Pope to serve in the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a>. Members of the college aged under 80 elect a new pope, who is in practice always one of their number, on the death or resignation of the incumbent. Cardinals also serve as papal advisors and hold positions of authority within the structure of the Catholic Church. Under canon law, a man appointed a cardinal must normally be a/an (arch)bishop, or accept consecration of it, but may seek papal permission to decline. Most cardinals are already archbishops of important archdioceses or patriarchates, others already serving as titular bishops in the Roman Curia. Recent popes have appointed a few priests, most of them renowned theologians, to the College of Cardinals, and these have been permitted to decline episcopal consecration. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Karl_Josef_Becker" title="Karl Josef Becker">Karl Becker</a> in 2012 and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Simoni" title="Ernest Simoni">Ernest Simoni</a> in 2016.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archbishop">Archbishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Archbishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></div><p>An archbishop is the head of an archdiocese, or a bishop assigned a titular see which is an archdiocese.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metropolitan_archbishop">Metropolitan archbishop</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metropolitan archbishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan</a> is an archbishop with minor jurisdiction over an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">ecclesiastical province</a>; in practice this amounts to presiding at meetings and overseeing dioceses within the province.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Eastern Catholicism a metropolitan may also be the head of an <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_juris" class="mw-redirect" title="Sui juris">sui juris</a></i>, or <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous entity">autonomous</a> church when the number of adherents of that tradition is small. In the Latin Church, metropolitans are always archbishops; in many Eastern churches, the title is "Metropolitan", with some of these churches using "archbishop" as a separate office.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pope">Pope</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pope"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> is the Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a>. The Catholic Church holds that the College of Bishops as a group is the successor of the College of Apostles. The Church also holds that uniquely among the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, the first Bishop of Rome, was granted a role of leadership and authority, giving the pope the right to govern the Church together with the bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, the Church holds that the Bishop of Rome, as successor of Peter, possesses the role, uniquely among bishops, of speaking for the whole Church, appointing other bishops, and managing the Church's central administration, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>. Papal pronouncements which meet the requirements of the decree on <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> are infallible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pope_emeritus">Pope emeritus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pope emeritus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI">his resignation as pope</a> (Bishop of Rome) on 28 February 2013, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> became <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI#Pope_emeritus:_2013–2022" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Supreme Pontiff Emeritus</a> (or, colloquially, Pope Emeritus). The sole holder of the title to date, he held the title until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI">his death</a> on 31 December 2022.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patriarch">Patriarch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Patriarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Patriarch#Catholic_Church" title="Patriarch">Patriarch § Catholic Church</a></div> <p>The title of patriarch in the Catholic Church is applied to either the patriarch of an Eastern Church <i>sui iuris</i> or to a minor Latin patriarch. The patriarch of an Eastern Church <i>sui iuris</i> heads an autonomous Church, is elected by the synod of that Church, and exercises authority within his patriarchal territory and on eparchies and parishes outside his territory. A minor Latin patriarch is an honorific title above archbishop given to some Latin dioceses for historical reasons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicos">Catholicos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Catholicos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Eastern Catholic Churches style their heads as <i>catholicoi</i>, a historic title for the head of a Church. The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean Catholic Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a> all style their heads as such.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_archbishop">Major archbishop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Major archbishop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major archbishops</a> are the heads of a <a href="/wiki/Major_archiepiscopal_church" title="Major archiepiscopal church">major archiepiscopal church</a>. The major archbishops' authority within their respective <i>sui juris</i> churches is equal to that of a patriarch, but they receive fewer ceremonial honors and their election must be confirmed by the Holy See. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primate">Primate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Primate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Catholic Church, a <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a> is usually the bishop of the oldest diocese and/or the capital of a (present or former) <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>; the title is one of honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_office">Public office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Public office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the publication of the new <a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">Code of Canon Law</a> in 1983 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, all members of the Catholic clergy are forbidden to hold public office without the express permission of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordination_of_bishops">Ordination of bishops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ordination of bishops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of Catholic bishops</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">Consecrator</a></div> <p>The appointment of bishops in the Catholic Church is a complicated process that requires the participation of several officials. In the Latin Church, the local synod, the papal nuncio (or apostolic delegate), various <a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">dicasteries</a> of the Roman Curia, and the Pope all take a part; since the 1970s it has become common practice for the nuncio to solicit input from clergy and laity within the vacant diocese. In patriarchal and major archiepiscopal Eastern Churches, the permanent synod, the holy synod, and the patriarch or major archbishop also play a role in the selection of bishops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apostolic_succession_and_other_churches">Apostolic succession and other churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Apostolic succession and other churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></div> <p>The Catholic Church has always taught that bishops are descended from a continuous line of bishops since the days of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a>, which is known as <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>. Since 1896, when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> issued the bull <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> has not recognised <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> orders as valid, because of changes in the ordination rites that took place in the 16th century as well as divergence in the understanding of the theology of episcopacy and Eucharist. However, this view has since been complicated because <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Catholic">Old Catholic</a> bishops, whose orders are fully recognised as valid by Rome, have acted as co-consecrators in Anglican episcopal consecrations. According to the church historian Timothy Dufort, by 1969 all <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> bishops had acquired Old Catholic lines of <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a> fully recognised by the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church does recognize, as <a href="/wiki/Valid_but_illicit" class="mw-redirect" title="Valid but illicit">valid but illicit</a>, ordinations done by some independent Catholic groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht Union">Utrecht Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Catholic_Church" title="Polish National Catholic Church">Polish National Catholic Church</a>, so long as those receiving the ordination are baptized males and a valid rite of episcopal consecration—expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop—is used. The Holy See also recognises as valid the ordinations of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Catholic">Old Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Nestorian</a> churches. Regarding the Churches of the East, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> stated: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To remove, then, all shadow of doubt, this holy Council solemnly declares that the Churches of the East, while remembering the necessary unity of the whole Church, have the power to govern themselves according to the disciplines proper to them, since these are better suited to the character of their faithful, and more for the good of their souls.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dress_and_vestments">Dress and vestments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Dress and vestments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical vestments</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_Church">Latin Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Latin Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A crosier, pectoral cross, episcopal ring, and jade box on top of a white cloth that covers a dark brown wooden table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg/220px-Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg/330px-Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg/440px-Monroe_episcopal_insignia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Some of the insignia of a bishop's office <i>(clockwise from right)</i>: <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">pectoral cross</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_ring" title="Ecclesiastical ring">episcopal ring</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The everyday dress of Latin Church bishops may consist of a black (or, in tropical countries, white) <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a> with <a href="/wiki/Amaranth_(color)" title="Amaranth (color)"> amaranth</a> trim and purple <a href="/wiki/Fascia_(vestment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascia (vestment)">fascia</a>, along with a <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">pectoral cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal ring">episcopal ring</a>. The 1969 Instruction on the dress of prelates stated that the dress for ordinary use may instead be a simple cassock without coloured trim.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1969, a black suit and clerical shirt, already customary in English-speaking countries, has become very common also in countries where previously it was unknown. </p><p>A Latin Church bishop's <a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">choir dress</a>, which is worn when attending but not celebrating liturgical functions, consists of the purple <a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a> with amaranth trim, <a href="/wiki/Rochet" title="Rochet">rochet</a>, purple <a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">zucchetto</a>, purple <a href="/wiki/Biretta" title="Biretta">biretta</a> with a tuft, and <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">pectoral cross</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cappa_magna" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappa magna">cappa magna</a> may be worn, but only within the bishop's own diocese and on especially solemn occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">mitre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">zucchetto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">stole</a> are generally worn by bishops when presiding over liturgical functions. For liturgical functions other than the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> the bishop typically wears the <a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">cope</a>. Within his own <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> and when celebrating solemnly elsewhere with the consent of the local <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (Catholic Church)">ordinary</a>, he also uses the <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When celebrating <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>, a bishop, like a <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic Church)">priest</a>, wears the <a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">chasuble</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Caeremoniale_Episcoporum" title="Caeremoniale Episcoporum">Caeremoniale Episcoporum</a> recommends, but does not impose, that in solemn celebrations a bishop should also wear a <a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">dalmatic</a>, which can always be white, beneath the chasuble, especially when administering the sacrament of <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">holy orders</a>, blessing an abbot or abbess, and dedicating a church or an altar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Caeremoniale Episcoporum no longer makes mention of <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical gloves">pontifical gloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_sandals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical sandals">pontifical sandals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_stockings" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical stockings">liturgical stockings</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Buskins" class="mw-redirect" title="Buskins">buskins</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Maniple_(vestment)" title="Maniple (vestment)">maniple</a>, or the accoutrements that it once prescribed for the bishop's horse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Catholic">Eastern Catholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Eastern Catholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The everyday dress of Eastern Catholic bishops is often the same as their Latin Church counterparts: black clerical suit with pectoral cross or <a href="/wiki/Panagia" title="Panagia">panagia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Rite_Catholic">Byzantine Rite Catholic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Byzantine Rite Catholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, bishops are monks and so their everyday dress is the monastic habit with a panagia and, depending on rank, also a pectoral cross and a second panagia. </p><p>When attending liturgical functions at which he does not celebrate, a bishop may wear a <a href="/wiki/Mantya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantya">mantya</a>, panagia and an <a href="/wiki/Engolpion" title="Engolpion">engolpion</a> if he is a <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">metropolitan bishop</a>. He will also carry a pastoral staff in the form of a walking stick topped by a <a href="/wiki/Hilt#Pommel" title="Hilt">pommel</a>. No episcopal ring exists in the Byzantine Rite. </p><p>When participating in the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>, a bishop wears the <a href="/wiki/Sakkos" title="Sakkos">sakkos</a> (Imperial <a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">dalmatic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigonation" title="Epigonation">epigonation</a> and Byzantine-style mitre which is based on the closed Imperial crown of the late <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and is made in the shape of a bulbous crown, completely enclosed, and the material is of <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">damask</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cloth_of_gold" title="Cloth of gold">cloth of gold</a>. It may be embroidered, and richly decorated with jewels, with four <a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a> attached: <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cross" title="Cross">Cross</a>. These mitres are usually gold, but other <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">liturgical colours</a> may be used. The mitre is topped by a cross, made out of metal and standing upright. He also carries a <a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">crosier</a> of that rite's style. Presiding over other services, he may wear fewer vestments, but also a mantya unless wearing a <a href="/wiki/Sticharion" title="Sticharion">sticharion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church hierarchy">Catholic Church hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_list_of_the_Catholic_bishops_of_the_United_States" title="Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States">Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic administrator">List of Catholic apostolic administrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_prefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic prefect">List of Catholic apostolic prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Vicariate">List of Catholic apostolic vicariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_archdioceses" title="List of Catholic archdioceses">List of Catholic archdioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(alphabetical)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)">List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">List of Catholic military dioceses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">List of Catholic missions <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_churches" title="Exarch">List of Eastern Catholic exarchates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Catholic_bishops_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Catholic bishops of the United States">List of the Catholic bishops of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Catholic_dioceses_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States">List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_patriarchs,_archbishops,_and_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops">Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Metropolitan&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=The+Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRmoQAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABishops+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1F.HTM">"Canons 403.1, 406"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=America&rft.atitle=The+Bishop+Emeritus%3A+Resigned+but+still+ministering&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.aulast=Rodimer&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fissue%2F730%2Farticle%2Fbishop-emeritus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABishops+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongregation_for_Bishops2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Congregation for Bishops (2008). <i>Il vescovo emerito</i> (in Italian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congregation+for+the+Clergy&rft.atitle=Communicazione+del+titolo+dei+Vescovi+%27officio+renuntiantibus%27&rft.aulast=Confaloneri&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clerus.org%2Fclerus%2Fdati%2F2004-03%2F31-13%2FComRenun.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABishops+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1J.HTM">"Canon 435-36"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">Code of Canon Law</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decree+on+Ecumenism%2FUnitatis+Redintegratio+16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fhist_councils%2Fii_vatican_council%2Fdocuments%2Fvat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABishops+in+the+Catholic+Church" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm">Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-Arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates, 28 March 1969</a>, 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caeremoniale Episcoporum</i>, 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caeremoniale Episcoporum</i>, 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caeremoniale Episcoporum</i>, 56</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" 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title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General125" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> 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