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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Western Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Western_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Western Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Western_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Eastern Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_uniform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_uniform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Military uniform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_uniform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myter" title="Myter – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Myter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%84" title="برطل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برطل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Խոյր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խոյր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Мітра (аблачэнне) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мітра (аблачэнне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Митра (корона) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Митра (корона)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infule" title="Infule – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Infule" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bispehue" title="Bispehue – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bispehue" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μίτρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μίτρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(indumentaria)" title="Mitra (indumentaria) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mitra (indumentaria)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitro" title="Mitro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mitro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(burukoa)" title="Mitra (burukoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mitra (burukoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81" title="تاج اسقف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاج اسقف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mitre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%90%EA%B4%80" title="주교관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주교관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Խույր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խույր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(kapa)" title="Mitra (kapa) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mitra (kapa)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitro" title="Mitro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mitro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(pakaian)" title="Mitra (pakaian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mitra (pakaian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(copricapo)" title="Mitra (copricapo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mitra (copricapo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მიტრა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიტრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(apdangalas)" title="Mitra (apdangalas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mitra (apdangalas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mieter" title="Mieter – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mieter" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitria" title="Mitria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mitria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCsp%C3%B6ks%C3%BCveg" title="Püspöksüveg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Püspöksüveg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Митра (одежда) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Митра (одежда)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="الميترا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الميترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijter" title="Mijter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mijter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9_(%E5%8F%B8%E6%95%99%E5%86%A0)" title="ミトラ (司教冠) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミトラ (司教冠)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(nakrycie_g%C5%82owy)" title="Mitra (nakrycie głowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mitra (nakrycie głowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitr%C4%83" title="Mitră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mitră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Митра (головной убор) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Митра (головной убор)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mitre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(%C5%A1kofovska_kapa)" title="Mitra (škofovska kapa) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mitra (škofovska kapa)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Митра (одежда) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Митра (одежда)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra" title="Mitra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mitra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mitre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Митра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Митра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%A9_mitra" title="Mũ mitra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mũ mitra" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mite_(tchapea)" title="Mite (tchapea) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mite (tchapea)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%86%A0" title="主教冠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主教冠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">Liturgical headdresses worn by Christian bishops and abbots</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about religious headgear. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mitre_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mitre (disambiguation)">Mitre (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bishop's hat" redirects here. For the plant, see <a href="/wiki/Epimedium" title="Epimedium"><i>Epimedium</i></a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Western and Eastern-styled mitres</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg/200px-Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg/300px-Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg/400px-Mitra-museo-opera-duomo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> mitre from the 19th century, displayed in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg/200px-Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg/300px-Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg/400px-Mitra_episkopa_kanadskog_Georgija.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The mitre of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodox">Serbian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgije_%C4%90oki%C4%87" title="Georgije Đokić">Georgije Đokić</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Western and Eastern-styled mitres worn by bishops</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma,_O.P.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg/200px-Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg/300px-Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg/400px-Archbishop_Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma%2C_O.P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Palma" title="José S. Palma">José Palma, O.P.</a> in Western-styled pontifical vestments, including a mitre</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bishop_Alexander_(Drabynko).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg/200px-Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg/300px-Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg/400px-Bishop_Alexander_%28Drabynko%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukrainian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Drabynko" title="Oleksandr Drabynko">Oleksandr Drabynko</a> wearing Eastern-styled vestments, including a mitre</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>mitre</b> (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth English">Commonwealth English</a>) or <b>miter</b> (<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#-re,_-er" title="American and British English spelling differences">see spelling differences</a>; both pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MY</span>-tər</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">μίτρα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">mítra</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'headband' or 'turban') is a type of <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">headgear</a> now known as the traditional, ceremonial headdress of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> and certain <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbots</a> in traditional Christianity. Mitres are worn in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> churches, for important ceremonies, by the Metropolitan of the <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a>, and also, in the Catholic Church, all <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)#Cardinals_who_are_not_bishops" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a>, whether or not bishops, and some Eastern Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Archpriest#Eastern_Christianity" title="Archpriest">archpriests</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>μίτρα, <i>mítra</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> μίτρη, <i>mítrē</i>) is <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and means a piece of <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">armour</a>, usually a metal guard worn around the waist and under a <a href="/wiki/Cuirass" title="Cuirass">cuirass</a>, as mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>. In later poems, it was used to refer to a headband used by women for their hair, and a sort of formal <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylonian</a> headdress, as mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i> 1.195 and 7.90). It also refers to a kind of hairband, such as "the victor's chaplet at the games", a headband and a badge of rank at the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic court</a>, an oriental headdress, perhaps a kind of turban, worn "as a mark of effeminacy", a <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a>, the headdress of the priest of <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, or the headdress of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_high_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish high priest">Jewish high priest</a> referenced in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (Greek) text of <a href="/wiki/Exodus_29" class="mw-redirect" title="Exodus 29">Exodus 29</a>:6.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitre_evolution.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mitre_evolution.gif/220px-Mitre_evolution.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mitre_evolution.gif/330px-Mitre_evolution.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Mitre_evolution.gif/440px-Mitre_evolution.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>The evolution of the mitre, from the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> (1913)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Christianity">Western Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Western Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mitre" title="Special:EditPage/Mitre">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mitre%22">"Mitre"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mitre%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mitre%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mitre%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In its modern form in <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, the mitre is a tall folding <a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">cap</a>, consisting of two similar parts (the front and back) rising to a peak and sewn together at the sides. Two short <a href="/wiki/Lappet" title="Lappet">lappets</a> always hang down from the back. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>camelaucum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamilavka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamilavka">καμιλαύκιον</a>, <i>kamilaukion</i>), the headdress that both the mitre and the <a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">papal tiara</a> stem from, was originally a cap used by officials of the Imperial <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> court. "The tiara [from which the mitre originates] probably developed from the <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian cap</a>, or frigium, a conical cap worn in the Graeco-Roman world. In the 10th century the tiara was pictured on papal coins."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources claim the tiara developed the other way around, from the mitre. In the late Empire it developed into the closed type of Imperial <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">crown</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Emperors">Byzantine Emperors</a> (see illustration of <a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a>, 842–867). </p><p>Worn by a bishop, the mitre is depicted for the first time in two miniatures of the beginning of the eleventh century. The first written mention of it is found in a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Bull</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Pope Leo IX</a> in the year 1049. By 1150 the use had spread to bishops throughout the West.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, the mitre fell out of use after the Reformation, but was restored in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a>, and is now worn by most bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> on at least some occasions. In <a href="/wiki/The_Episcopal_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Episcopal Church">The Episcopal Church</a> of the United States, the first Presiding Bishop, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Seabury" title="Samuel Seabury">Samuel Seabury</a> wore a mitre as early as 1786. The mitre is also worn by bishops in a number of Lutheran churches, for example the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Latvia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Great_Britain" title="Lutheran Church in Great Britain">Lutheran Church in Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use">Use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, ecclesial law gives the right to use the mitre and other pontifical insignia (crosier, pectoral cross, and ring) to <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbots</a>, cardinals, and those canonically equivalent to diocesan bishops who do not receive episcopal ordination. The principal celebrant presents the mitre and other pontifical insignia to a newly ordained bishop during the <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Rite of Ordination of a Bishop</a> and to a new abbot during the Rite of Blessing of an Abbot. In the case of a person who is canonically equivalent to a diocesan bishop but does not receive episcopal ordination, this presentation normally occurs during a public installation as the ordinary of his jurisdiction. Catholic ecclesial law also permits former Anglican bishops received into full communion and subsequently ordained to the order of presbyter in the Catholic Church to obtain permission to use pontifical insignia as a mark of recognition of their previous ministry (they also may be admitted to the national or regional episcopal conference with status equivalent to that of retired Catholic bishops), but former Anglican bishops typically have not requested permission to use pontifical insignia under this provision. </p><p>Three types of mitres are worn by Roman Catholic clergy for different occasions: </p> <ol><li>The <i>simplex</i> ('simple', referring to the materials used) is made of undecorated white linen or silk and its white lappets traditionally end in red fringes. It is worn most notably at funerals, <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> and by concelebrant bishops at a <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>. Cardinals in the presence of the Pope wear a mitre of white linen damask.</li> <li>The <i>auriphrygiata</i> is of plain gold cloth or white silk with gold, silver or coloured embroidered bands; when seen today it is usually worn by bishops when they preside at the celebration of the sacraments.</li> <li>The <i>pretiosa</i> ('precious') is decorated with precious stones and gold and worn on the principal Mass on the most solemn Sundays (except in Lent) and feast days. This type of mitre is rarely decorated with precious stones today, and the designs have become more varied, simple and original, often merely being in the liturgical colour of the day.</li></ol> <p>The proper colour of a mitre is always white, although in liturgical usage white also includes vestments made from gold and silver fabrics. The embroidered bands and other ornaments which adorn a mitre and the lappets may be of other colours and often are. </p><p>On all occasions, an <a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a> may wear a shawl-style <a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">veil</a>, called a <a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">vimpa</a>, around the shoulders when holding the bishop's mitre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry" title="Ecclesiastical heraldry">ecclesiastical heraldry</a>, a mitre was placed above the shield of all persons who were entitled to wear the mitre, including abbots. It substituted for the <a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">helm</a> of military arms, but also appeared as a <a href="/wiki/Crest_(heraldry)" title="Crest (heraldry)">crest</a> placed atop a helmet, as was common in German heraldry.<sup id="cite_ref-heraldry_CathEnc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraldry_CathEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Anglican Churches, the Church of Sweden, and the Lutheran Church of Finland, the mitre is still placed above the arms of bishops instead of the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical hat">ecclesiastical hat</a>. In the Roman Catholic Church, the use of the mitre above the shield on the personal arms of clergy was suppressed in 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is now found only on some corporate arms, like those of dioceses. Previously, the mitre was often included under the hat,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even in the arms of a cardinal, the mitre was not entirely displaced.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In heraldry the mitre is always shown in <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">gold</a>, and the lappets (<i>infulae</i>) are of the same colour. It has been asserted that before the reformation, a distinction was used to be drawn between the mitre of a bishop and an abbot by the omission of the infulae in the abbot's arms. In England and France it was usual to place the mitre of an abbot slightly in profile.<sup id="cite_ref-heraldry_CathEnc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraldry_CathEnc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With his <a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration" title="Papal inauguration">inauguration as pope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> broke with tradition and replaced the <a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">papal tiara</a> even on <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI">his papal coat of arms</a> with a papal mitre (containing still the three levels of 'crowns' representing the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Papacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Papacy">papacy</a> in a simplified form) and <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a>. Prior to Benedict XVI, each pope's coat of arms always contained the image of the papal tiara and St. Peter's crossed keys, even though the tiara had fallen into disuse, especially under popes <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">John Paul I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a>. Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a> was the last pope to date to begin his papal reign with a formal coronation in June 1963. However, as a sign of the perceived need for greater simplification of the papal rites, as well as the changing nature of the papacy itself, he abandoned the use of his tiara in a dramatic ceremony in Saint Peter's Basilica during the second session of <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> in November 1963. However his 1975 <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Constitution">Apostolic Constitution</a> made it clear the tiara had not been abolished: in the constitution he made provision for his successor to receive a coronation. Pope John Paul I, however, declined to follow Paul VI's constitution and opted for a simpler <a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration" title="Papal inauguration">papal inauguration</a>, a precedent followed by his three successors. Pope John Paul II's 1996 Apostolic Constitution left open several options by not specifying what sort of ceremony was to be used, other than that some ceremony would be held to inaugurate a new pontificate. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mitre simplex traditional style: White damask with its white lappets ending in red fringes."><img alt="Mitre simplex traditional style: White damask with its white lappets ending in red fringes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg/200px-Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg/300px-Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Mitra_simplex_Gamarelli_2008-28-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mitre <i>simplex</i> traditional style: White <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">damask</a> with its white lappets ending in red fringes.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benedict XVI wearing a pretiosa: elaborately embroidered mitre."><img alt="Benedict XVI wearing a pretiosa: elaborately embroidered mitre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg/150px-Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg/225px-Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg/300px-Visita_di_Papa_Benedetto_XVI_a_Genova_-_2008-05-18_-_Primo_piano_di_Benedetto_XVI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a> wearing a <i>pretiosa</i>: elaborately embroidered mitre.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishop's mitre."><img alt="Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishop's mitre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/149px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/224px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg/298px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Benedictus_XVI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1021" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI">Papal Arms</a> of Pope Benedict XVI. The <a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">papal tiara</a> was replaced with a bishop's mitre.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Christianity">Eastern Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg/170px-Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg/255px-Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg/340px-Mitre_of_Saint_Chrysostomos_Metropolitan_of_Smyrna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Mitre of the Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a> Saint <a href="/wiki/Chrysostomos_of_Smyrna" title="Chrysostomos of Smyrna">Chrysostomos of Smyrna</a>, martyred when the Turks captured the city in 1922.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitre-benaki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mitre-benaki.jpg/220px-Mitre-benaki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mitre-benaki.jpg/330px-Mitre-benaki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Mitre-benaki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Elaborately embroidered Eastern Orthodox mitre, 1715. The Orthodox mitre, adopted after the fall of Constantinople, is derived from the Byzantine crown.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most typical mitre in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rite_Catholic_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Rite Catholic Churches">Byzantine Catholic</a> churches is based on the closed Imperial crown of the late <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Therefore, it too is ultimately based on the older καμιλαύκιον although it diverged from the secular headdress at a much later date, after it had already undergone further development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orthodox bishops started wearing mitres around the 16th or 17th century, but the date of adoption is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of headgear of any kind by the Byzantine church was a late development, and before the 1500s they wore no headgear.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Balsamon" title="Theodore Balsamon">Theodore Balsamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a> (ca. 1130–1140) stated that the patriarch of Alexandria was the only Orthodox prelate to wear a hat during the liturgy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This claim was repeated by <a href="/wiki/Symeon_of_Thessalonica" title="Symeon of Thessalonica">Symeon of Thessalonica</a> in the fifteenth century, who in his <i>Concerning the Holy Temple,</i> wrote that all <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a> hierarchs and priests, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">patriarch of Alexandria</a> conduct sacred service with uncovered heads.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another evidence pointing to the lack of headgear among the Orthodox bishops was the complaint against <a href="/wiki/John_XI_of_Constantinople" title="John XI of Constantinople">John XI of Constantinople</a> who was accused of copying the Catholic pope in wearing a mitre.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1585 a Russian envoy witnessed the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem celebrated the divine liturgy together and only the Alexandrian patriarch wore a mitre.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some modern scholars believe that the mitre was first adopted among the Orthodox when <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Lucaris" title="Cyril Lucaris">Cyril Lucaris</a> (previously patriarch of Alexandria) became Ecumenical Patriarch in the early 1600s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others instead claim that the mitre started being used after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fall of Constantinople</a> (1453).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some examples of Orthodox religious headgear (and possibly mitres) as early as the 14th century, such as a fresco of Metropolitan Kalevit in the <a href="/wiki/Kremikovtsi_Monastery" title="Kremikovtsi Monastery">Kremikovtsi Monastery</a> or the mitre donated to the patriarch of Belgrade by <a href="/wiki/Katarina_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Katarina Branković">Katarina Branković</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some have hypothesized that shape of the mitres adopted after the fall of Constantinople was likely derived by the <i>stemma</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> imperial crown. Together with other imperial-derived vestements like the sakkos, the crown-like mitre embodied the regality and richness of the defunct empire, of which the bishops inherited the legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In medieval <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> bishops wore hats with a fringe, but not a mitre. This is in contrast to Constantinople and most other Orthodox clergy who did not wear any headgear, and might be accounted for by the cold temperatures in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mitre was first appeared in Russia with <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Nikon of Moscow">Patriarch Nikon</a>, who adopted it from the tradition of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Initially, it was only worn by the Patriarch of Moscow, but it was soon adopted by the rest of the bishops, and a council in 1675 mandated the mitre for all bishops, following the Greek custom.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitres were also given to some <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">archimandrites</a>, by the decree of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> in 1705; in 1786 <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> awarded a mitre to her spiritual father, Archpriest John Pamphilov. In 1797 the decree of <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a> allowed the mitre to be awarded to <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">archpriests</a> as mark of special distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, the Holy Synod of the Russian Church decided that the mitres of all bishops would be topped with a cross, which until then was reserved for the Patriarch (also granted to the metropolitan of Kiev starting in 1686).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_2">Use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Eastern mitre is made in the shape of a bulbous crown, completely enclosed, and the material is of <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">damask</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cloth_of_gold" title="Cloth of gold">cloth of gold</a>. It may also be <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidered</a>, and is often richly decorated with jewels. There are normally four <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> attached to the mitre (often of Christ, the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Cross</a>), which the bishop may kiss before he puts it on. Eastern mitres are usually gold, but other <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">liturgical colours</a> may be used. </p><p>The mitre is topped by a cross, either made out of metal and standing upright, or embroidered in cloth and lying flat on the top. In <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek practice</a>, the mitres of all bishops are topped with a standing cross. The same is true in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitres awarded to priests will have the cross lying flat. Sometimes, instead of the flat cross, the mitre may have an <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> on the top. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg/220px-Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg/330px-Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Al_Quds_Patriarch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> wearing mitres.</figcaption></figure> <p>As an item of Imperial <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regalia" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:regalia">regalia</a>, along with other such items as the <a href="/wiki/Sakkos" title="Sakkos">sakkos</a> (Imperial <a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">dalmatic</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Epigonation" title="Epigonation">epigonation</a>, the mitre came to signify the temporal authority of bishops (especially that of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>) within the administration of the <i><a href="/wiki/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Millet (Ottoman Empire)">Rum millet</a></i> (i.e., the Christian community) of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. The mitre is removed at certain solemn moments during the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> and other services, usually being removed and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Protodeacon" title="Protodeacon">protodeacon</a>. </p><p>The use of the mitre is a prerogative of bishops, but it may be awarded to <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">archpriests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protopresbyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Protopresbyter">protopresbyters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">archimandrites</a>. The priestly mitre is not surmounted by a cross, and is awarded at the discretion of a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> of bishops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_uniform">Military uniform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Military uniform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shapka_grenaderskaya_(1740-60s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg/220px-Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg/330px-Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg/440px-Shapka_grenaderskaya_%281740-60s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1989" /></a><figcaption>A Russian grenadier mitre.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 18th century (and in a few cases the 19th), soldiers designated as <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadiers</a> in various northern European armies wore a mitre (usually called a "mitre cap") similar in outline to those worn by western bishops. As first adopted in the 1680s this cap had been worn instead of the usual broad-brimmed hat to avoid the headdress being knocked off when the soldier threw a <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W.Y._Carman_page_68_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W.Y._Carman_page_68-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hand grenade in its primitive form had become obsolete by the mid-18th century<sup id="cite_ref-W.Y._Carman_page_68_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W.Y._Carman_page_68-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but grenadiers continued as elite troops in most European armies, usually retaining the mitre cap as a distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Militarily, this headdress came in different styles. The Prussian style had a cone-shaped brass or white metal front with a cloth rear having lace braiding;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Russian style initially consisted of a tall brass plate atop of a leather cap with a peak at the rear, although the German model was subsequently adopted. The British style—usually simply called a "grenadier cap" instead of a mitre—had a tall cloth front with elaborate regimental embroidery forward of a sloping red back, lined in white.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some German and Russian <a href="/wiki/Fusilier" title="Fusilier">fusilier</a> regiments also wore a mitre with a smaller brass front-plate.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the 18th century, due to changes in military fashion, the mitre had generally given way to the <a href="/wiki/Bearskin" title="Bearskin">bearskin</a> or had been replaced by the standard infantry <a href="/wiki/Tricorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricorn">tricorn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bicorne" title="Bicorne">bicorn</a>. The British Army made this change in 1765 and the Prussian Army in 1790. All Russian grenadiers continued however to wear mitre caps until 1805, even when on active service.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_1894.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Parade_1894.JPG/220px-Parade_1894.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Parade_1894.JPG/330px-Parade_1894.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Parade_1894.JPG/440px-Parade_1894.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Prussian <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/1st_Foot_Guards_(German_Empire)" title="1st Foot Guards (German Empire)">1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß</a></i></span> in mitres, 1894</figcaption></figure> <p>The mitre in its classic metal-fronted 18th-century form survived as an item of ceremonial parade dress in the Prussian <i>Leib-Grenadier No 1</i> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/1st_Foot_Guards_(German_Empire)" title="1st Foot Guards (German Empire)">1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß</a></i></span> regiments; plus the Russian <a href="/wiki/Pavlovskii_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlovskii Regiment">Pavlovskii Regiment</a>, until World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mitre" title="Special:EditPage/Mitre">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mitre%22">"Mitre"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mitre%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mitre%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mitre%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mitre%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StauntonBishop2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/StauntonBishop2.jpg/100px-StauntonBishop2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/StauntonBishop2.jpg/150px-StauntonBishop2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/StauntonBishop2.jpg/200px-StauntonBishop2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="1436" /></a><figcaption>A chess bishop in the standard <a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton pattern</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a> in the board game <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> is represented by a stylised Western mitre having <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> codes U+2657 (white) and U+265D (black): <big style="font-size:200%;">♗♝</big>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">crowns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> incorporated a mitre of precious metal and jewels into their design. The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Imperial_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Imperial Crown">Austrian Imperial Crown</a> was originally the personal crown of Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a> and has the form proper to that of a <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor#The_Roman_ritual" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Roman rite</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor">Coronation</a>, the Pope placed a mitre on their heads before placing the crown over it. Their <a href="/wiki/List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Holy Roman Empresses">empress consorts</a> also received both a mitre and crown on their heads from a cardinal bishop at the same ceremony. The form of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Imperial Crown">Russian Imperial Crown</a> dates back to the time of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>’s early attempts to <a href="/wiki/Westernisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Westernisation">westernise</a> Russia and was probably inspired by the crowns worn by <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> emperors of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and possibly also the Orthodox mitre. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbesses</a> of certain very ancient abbeys in the West also wore mitres, but of a very different form than that worn by male prelates. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve" title="Mitral valve">mitral valve</a> of the human heart, which is located between the <a href="/wiki/Left_atrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Left atrium">left atrium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Left_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Left ventricle">left ventricle</a>, is named so because of its similarity in shape to the mitre. <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius" title="Andreas Vesalius">Andreas Vesalius</a>, the father of anatomy, noted the striking similarity between the two while performing anatomic dissections in the sixteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Liddell" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Liddell">Henry George Liddell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Robert Scott</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmi%2Ftra">A Greek-English Lexicon: μίτρα</a>, accessed 17 December 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica">Britannica</a> 2004, <i>tiara</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/386220/mitre">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/386220/mitre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lutheranchurch.co.uk/british-lutherans-have-new-bishop/">BRITISH LUTHERANS HAVE NEW BISHOP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heraldry_CathEnc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heraldry_CathEnc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heraldry_CathEnc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ecclesiastical Heraldry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ecclesiastical_Heraldry">"Ecclesiastical Heraldry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecclesiastical+Heraldry&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm">fiu.edu</a> "Instruction", 1969, n.28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lartigue, <i>Dictionnaire</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Volborth, <i>Heraldry of the World</i>, p.171, shows the arms of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Francis_Spellman" title="Francis Spellman">Francis Spellman</a> with a mitre in 1967, just two years before the 1969 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm">fio.edu</a> <i>Instruction</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodfin2012" class="citation book cs1">Woodfin, Warren T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958"><i>The embodied icon : liturgical vestments and sacramental power in Byzantium</i></a>. Oxford [Great Britain]: Oxford University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959209-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959209-8"><bdi>978-0-19-959209-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958">714724958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+embodied+icon+%3A+liturgical+vestments+and+sacramental+power+in+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+%5BGreat+Britain%5D&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F714724958&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959209-8&rft.aulast=Woodfin&rft.aufirst=Warren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F714724958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilarion_(Alfeyev)2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hilarion_(Alfeyev)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilarion (Alfeyev)">Hilarion (Alfeyev)</a> (January 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthochristian.com/76287.html">"On the Sakkos and the Mitre"</a>. <i>OrthoChristian.Com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthoChristian.Com&rft.atitle=On+the+Sakkos+and+the+Mitre&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft.au=Hilarion+%28Alfeyev%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F76287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthochristian.com/76287.html">"Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev). On the Sakkos and the Mitre"</a>. <i>OrthoChristian.Com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthoChristian.Com&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Hilarion+%28Alfeyev%29.+On+the+Sakkos+and+the+Mitre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F76287.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simeon of Thessalonica <i>Concerning the Holy Temple</i> 45. <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a></i> volume 155, 716D-717A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMigne1866" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Migne, Jacques-Paul (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=esHUAAAAMAAJ"><i>Patrologiæ cursus completus: seu, Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica omnium SS. patrum, doctorum, scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum. Series græca</i></a> (in Greek). J.-P. Migne. p. 716.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patrologi%C3%A6+cursus+completus%3A+seu%2C+Bibliotheca+universalis%2C+integra%2C+uniformis%2C+commoda%2C+oeconomica+omnium+SS.+patrum%2C+doctorum%2C+scriptorumque+ecclesiasticorum.+Series+gr%C3%A6ca&rft.pages=716&rft.pub=J.-P.+Migne&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Migne&rft.aufirst=Jacques-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DesHUAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTchiflianov2012" class="citation book cs1">Tchiflianov, Very Rev. Prof. Blagoy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/936029715"><i>Our orthodox faith</i></a>. [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-105-65899-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-105-65899-0"><bdi>978-1-105-65899-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/936029715">936029715</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+orthodox+faith.&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.pub=Lulu+Com&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F936029715&rft.isbn=978-1-105-65899-0&rft.aulast=Tchiflianov&rft.aufirst=Very+Rev.+Prof.+Blagoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F936029715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2015" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Timothy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/929033004"><i>By the emperor's hand : military dress and court regalia in the later Romano-Byzantine Empire</i></a>. Graham Sumner. Barnsley. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-589-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-589-0"><bdi>978-1-84832-589-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/929033004">929033004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+the+emperor%27s+hand+%3A+military+dress+and+court+regalia+in+the+later+Romano-Byzantine+Empire&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pages=93&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929033004&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-589-0&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F929033004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/svetlana2562/status/1118555011410165762">"Mitre, ceremonial head-dress of Orthodox Serbian Metropolitan bishop of Belgrade, made in 15th century by Countess of Celje Katarina Kantakuzina Branković"</a>. <i>Twitter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Mitre%2C+ceremonial+head-dress+of+Orthodox+Serbian+Metropolitan+bishop+of+Belgrade%2C+made+in+15th+century+by+Countess+of+Celje+Katarina+Kantakuzina+Brankovi%C4%87.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fsvetlana2562%2Fstatus%2F1118555011410165762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodfin2012" class="citation book cs1">Woodfin, Warren T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958"><i>The embodied icon : liturgical vestments and sacramental power in Byzantium</i></a>. Oxford [Great Britain]: Oxford University Press. pp. 29–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959209-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959209-8"><bdi>978-0-19-959209-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/714724958">714724958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+embodied+icon+%3A+liturgical+vestments+and+sacramental+power+in+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+%5BGreat+Britain%5D&rft.pages=29-32&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F714724958&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959209-8&rft.aulast=Woodfin&rft.aufirst=Warren+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F714724958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWybrew1990" class="citation book cs1">Wybrew, Hugh (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21593187"><i>The Orthodox liturgy : the development of the eucharistic liturgy in the Byzantine rite</i></a>. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-100-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-100-0"><bdi>0-88141-100-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21593187">21593187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+liturgy+%3A+the+development+of+the+eucharistic+liturgy+in+the+Byzantine+rite&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21593187&rft.isbn=0-88141-100-0&rft.aulast=Wybrew&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F21593187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sedmitza.ru/text/556834.html">"Особенности богослужебного облачения Патриарха на Руси"</a>. <i>Церковно-Научный Центр "Православная Энциклопедия"</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%22%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%22&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sedmitza.ru%2Ftext%2F556834.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yevgeny Golubinsky "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/416951">History of the Russian Church</a>", vol. II, M. 1997-98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W.Y._Carman_page_68-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-W.Y._Carman_page_68_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-W.Y._Carman_page_68_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W.Y. Carman, page 68 "A Dictionary of Military Uniform," <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-15130-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-15130-8">0-684-15130-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuncken1975" class="citation book cs1">Funcken, Liliane et Fred (1975). <i>L'Uniforme et les Armes des Soldats de la Guerre en Dentelle vol 2</i>. pp. 90–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/-2-203-14316-9" title="Special:BookSources/-2-203-14316-9"><bdi>-2-203-14316-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Uniforme+et+les+Armes+des+Soldats+de+la+Guerre+en+Dentelle+vol+2&rft.pages=90-91&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=-2-203-14316-9&rft.aulast=Funcken&rft.aufirst=Liliane+et+Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Haythornthwaite, page 13 "Frederick the Great's Army, vol. 2 Infantry ", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1855321602" title="Special:BookSources/1855321602">1855321602</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart Reid, page 24 "King George's Army 1740-93, vol. 1 Infantry," <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1%2B85532%2B515%2B2" title="Special:BookSources/1+85532+515+2">1 85532 515 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollo1972" class="citation book cs1">Mollo, John (1972). <i>Military Fashion</i>. Barrie and Jenkins. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8"><bdi>0-214-65349-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Fashion&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Barrie+and+Jenkins&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-214-65349-8&rft.aulast=Mollo&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Haythornthwaite, page 18 "The Russian Army of the Napoleonic Wars (1): Infantry, 1799-1814" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-737-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-737-8">0-85045-737-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollo1972" class="citation book cs1">Mollo, John (1972). <i>Military Fashion</i>. Barrie and Jenkins. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-214-65349-8"><bdi>0-214-65349-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Fashion&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Barrie+and+Jenkins&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-214-65349-8&rft.aulast=Mollo&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Davis O'Malley, "Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564," (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Mitre"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Mitre">"Mitre" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mitre&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonan_Jr.1996" class="citation book cs1">Noonan Jr., James-Charles (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/191"><i>The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church</i></a></span>. Viking. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/191">191</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4"><bdi>0-670-86745-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+Visible%3A+The+Ceremonial+Life+and+Protocol+of+the+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-670-86745-4&rft.aulast=Noonan+Jr.&rft.aufirst=James-Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchurchvisiblecer0000noon%2Fpage%2F191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippi2009" class="citation book cs1">Philippi, Dieter (2009). <i>Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität</i>. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7462-2800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7462-2800-6"><bdi>978-3-7462-2800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sammlung+Philippi+-+Kopfbedeckungen+in+Glaube%2C+Religion+und+Spiritualit%C3%A4t&rft.pub=St.+Benno+Verlag%2C+Leipzig&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-7462-2800-6&rft.aulast=Philippi&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mitres" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mitres">Mitres</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dappledphotos.blogspot.com/2005/10/mighty-mitres.html">Mitres</a>—Photographs and descriptions of the different types of mitres</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr/Athos/SketaeImages/skete_Kavsokalyvia/MITRE.html">Episcopal Mitre from Kavsokalyvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magyarkepek.hu/szelenyi/zoom-u03.html">Mitre worn by the Archbishop of Esztergom</a>, the Primate of Hungary, at coronations of Kings of Hungary.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/enlarge/jeweled-miter_pod_image.html">Mitre worn by Pope John Paul I at his papal inauguration Mass</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231326/http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/enlarge/jeweled-miter_pod_image.html">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. From the National Geographic book <i>Inside the Vatican</i>, 1991.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hats_and_caps" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hats" title="Template:Hats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hats" title="Template talk:Hats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hats_and_caps" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">caps</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_hat_styles" title="List of hat styles">List of hat styles</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western<br />culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartwheel_hat" title="Cartwheel hat">Cartwheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloche_hat" title="Cloche hat">Cloche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_hat" title="Cocktail hat">Cocktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doll_hat" title="Doll hat">Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draped_turban" title="Draped turban">Draped turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat" title="Eugénie hat">Eugénie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascinator" title="Fascinator">Fascinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_hat" title="Half hat">Half</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_hat" title="Halo hat">Halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliet_cap" title="Juliet cap">Juliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hat" title="Mushroom hat">Mushroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lampshade_hat" title="Lampshade hat">lampshade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picture_hat" title="Picture hat">Picture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peach_basket_hat" title="Peach basket hat">peach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillbox_hat" title="Pillbox hat">Pillbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_cap" title="Tam cap">Tam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">Top</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_hat" title="Opera hat">opera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">Homburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat" title="Anthony Eden hat">Anthony Eden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">Boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">Bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntal_hat" title="Buntal hat">Buntal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat" title="Cabbage-tree hat">Cabbage-tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chupalla" title="Chupalla">Chupalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">Fedora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trilby" title="Trilby">trilby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">Flat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coppola_cap" title="Coppola cap">coppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsboy_cap" title="Newsboy cap">newsboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_hat" title="Panama hat">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie_hat" title="Pork pie hat">Pork pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_cap" title="Smoking cap">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wideawake_hat" title="Wideawake hat">Wideawake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">Uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviator_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviator hat">Aviator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearskin" title="Bearskin">Bearskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-boy_hat" title="Bell-boy hat">Bell-boy hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicorne" title="Bicorne">Bicorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cap" title="Black cap">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boonie_hat" title="Boonie hat">Boonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budenovka" title="Budenovka">Budenovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)" title="Busby (military headdress)">Busby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_hat" title="Campaign hat">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_comforter" title="Cap comforter">Cap comforter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappello_Alpino" class="mw-redirect" title="Cappello Alpino">Cappello Alpino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique" title="Casquette d'Afrique">Casquette d'Afrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caubeen" title="Caubeen">Caubeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson" title="Cavalry Stetson">Cavalry Stetson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czapka" title="Czapka">Czapka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_hat" title="Doctoral hat">Doctoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_bonnet" title="Feather bonnet">Feather bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_cap" title="Forage cap">Forage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karvalakki" title="Karvalakki">karvalakki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap" title="Fur wedge cap">Fur wedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardee_hat" title="Hardee hat">Hardee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeep_cap" title="Jeep cap">Jeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepi" title="Kepi">Kepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazepynka" title="Mazepynka">Mazepynka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap" title="Nurse's cap">Nurse's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance" title="Cap of maintenance">Maintenance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chapeau" title="Chapeau">Chapeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_beret" title="Military beret">Military beret</a>/<a href="/wiki/Uniform_beret" title="Uniform beret">Uniform beret</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_beret" title="Black beret">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_beret" title="Blue beret">blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_beret" title="Green beret">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroon_beret" title="Maroon beret">maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_beret" title="Red beret">red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_beret" title="Tan beret">tan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_cap" title="Patrol cap">Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">Peaked</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap" title="Mariner's cap">mariner's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_cap" title="Sailor cap">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printer%27s_hat" title="Printer's hat">Printer's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogatywka" title="Rogatywka">Rogatywka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shako" title="Shako">Shako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_cap" title="Side cap">Side</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titovka_(cap)" title="Titovka (cap)">titovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triglavka" title="Triglavka">triglavka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_cap" title="Ski cap">Ski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slouch_hat" title="Slouch hat">Slouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sou%27wester" title="Sou'wester">Sou'wester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_cap" title="Student cap">Student</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faluche" title="Faluche">faluche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_academic_cap" title="Square academic cap">Square academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricorne" title="Tricorne">Tricorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cover" title="Utility cover">Utility cover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_clothing" title="Christian clothing">Christian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biretta" title="Biretta">Biretta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_cap" title="Canterbury cap">Canterbury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camauro" title="Camauro">Camauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capirote" title="Capirote">Capirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappello_romano" title="Cappello romano">Cappello romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchon" title="Capuchon">Capuchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christening_cap" title="Christening cap">Christening cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galero" title="Galero">Galero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women" title="Head covering for Christian women">Head covering for Christian women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_bonnet" title="Easter bonnet">Easter bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantilla" title="Mantilla">mantilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimple" title="Wimple">wimple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mitre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">papal tiara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat" title="Pilgrim's hat">Pilgrim's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet" title="Salvation Army bonnet">Salvation Army bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shovel_hat" title="Shovel hat">Shovel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">Zucchetto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klobuk" title="Klobuk">Klobuk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epanokalimavkion" title="Epanokalimavkion">epanokalimavkion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalimavkion" title="Kalimavkion">kalimavkion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koukoulion" title="Koukoulion">koukoulion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skufia" title="Skufia">Skufia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_hat" title="Jewish hat">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashket" title="Kashket">Kashket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolpik" title="Kolpik">Kolpik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodik" title="Spodik">Spodik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shtreimel" title="Shtreimel">Shtreimel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_hat" title="Animal hat">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_cap" title="Ascot cap">Ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barretina" title="Barretina">Barretina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)" title="Beanie (seamed cap)">Beanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobble_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobble hat">Bobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_(hat)" title="Breton (hat)">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_hat" title="Bucket hat">Bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_cap" title="Chilote cap">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">Cowboy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains" title="Boss of the Plains">Boss of the Plains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_hat" title="Fruit hat">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">Knit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_cap" title="Monmouth cap">Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_hat" title="Party hat">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shower_cap" title="Shower cap">Shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_foil_hat" title="Tin foil hat">Tin foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella_hat" title="Umbrella hat">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopee_cap" title="Whoopee cap">Whoopee</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_cap" title="Cricket cap">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy_green" title="Baggy green">baggy green</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)" title="Balaclava (clothing)">Balaclava</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facekini" title="Facekini">facekini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">Baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trucker_hat" title="Trucker hat">trucker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat" title="Bicycle clip hat">Bicycle clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette" title="Casquette">Casquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deerstalker" title="Deerstalker">Deerstalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap" title="Jockey's cap">Horse racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mounteere_cap" title="Mounteere cap">Mounteere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_cap" title="Rally cap">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_visor" title="Sports visor">Sports visor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_eyeshade" title="Green eyeshade">green eyeshade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap" title="Stormy Kromer cap">Stormy Kromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_cap" title="Swim cap">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo_cap" title="Water polo cap">Water polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_fashion" title="History of Western fashion">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attifet" title="Attifet">Attifet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apex_(headdress)" title="Apex (headdress)">Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_hat" title="Beaver hat">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat" title="Bergère hat">Bergère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir_cap" title="Boudoir cap">Boudoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyar_hat" title="Boyar hat">Boyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycocket" title="Bycocket">Bycocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capotain" title="Capotain">Capotain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_hat" title="Cavalier hat">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_scuttle_bonnet" title="Coal scuttle bonnet">Coal scuttle bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coif" title="Coif">Coif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Varden_(costume)" title="Dolly Varden (costume)">Dolly Varden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunce_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunce cap">Dunce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontange" title="Fontange">Fontange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_hood" title="French hood">French hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_cap" title="Phrygian cap">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennin" title="Hennin">Hennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kausia" title="Kausia">Kausia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoshnik" title="Kokoshnik">Kokoshnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_cap" title="Miner's cap">Miner's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobcap" title="Mobcap">Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_hat" title="Pamela hat">Pamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petasos" title="Petasos">Petasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileus_(hat)" title="Pileus (hat)">Pileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poke_bonnet" title="Poke bonnet">Poke bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap" title="Baby bumper headguard cap">Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toque" title="Toque">Toque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hat" title="Witch hat">Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gediminas%27_Cap" title="Gediminas' Cap">Gediminas' Cap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakhchin" title="Arakhchin">Arakhchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_conical_hat" title="Asian conical hat">Asian conical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aso Oke hat">Aso Oke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian military fur wedge cap">Astrakhan (hat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayam_(cap)" title="Ayam (cap)">Ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet" title="Balmoral bonnet">Balmoral bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-boy_hat" title="Bell-boy hat">Bell-boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beonggeoji" title="Beonggeoji">Beonggeoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadgaunle_Topi" title="Bhadgaunle Topi">Bhadgaunle Topi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birke_topi" title="Birke topi">Birke topi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blangkon" title="Blangkon">Blangkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue bonnet (hat)">Blue bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan">Chapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chullo" title="Chullo">Chullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloured_hat" title="Coloured hat">Coloured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonskin_cap" title="Coonskin cap">Coonskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_hat" title="Cork hat">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_topi" title="Dhaka topi">Dhaka topi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppa" title="Doppa">Doppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cap" title="Dutch cap">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_dome" title="Energy dome">Energy dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fez_(hat)" title="Fez (hat)">Fez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Winds_hat" title="Four Winds hat">Four Winds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)" title="Fujin (headgear)">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulani_hat" title="Fulani hat">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futou" title="Futou">Futou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_cap" title="Gandhi cap">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gat_(hat)" title="Gat (hat)">Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengarry" title="Glengarry">Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap" title="Icelandic tail-cap">Icelandic tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaapi" title="Jaapi">Jaapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeongjagwan" title="Jeongjagwan">Jeongjagwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobawi" title="Jobawi">Jobawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpak" title="Kalpak">Kalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakul_(hat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakul (hat)">Karakul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasa_(hat)" title="Kasa (hat)">Kasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashket" title="Kashket">Kashket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofia_(hat)" title="Kofia (hat)">Kofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufi" title="Kufi">Kufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuma_(cap)" title="Kuma (cap)">Kuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labbadeh" title="Labbadeh">Labbadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lika_cap" title="Lika cap">Lika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malahai" title="Malahai">Malahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cap" title="Montenegrin cap">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montera_picona" title="Montera picona">Montera picona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooskappe" title="Mooskappe">Mooskappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambawi" title="Nambawi">Nambawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3n_quai_thao" class="mw-redirect" title="Nón quai thao">Nón quai thao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochipok" title="Ochipok">Ochipok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paag" title="Paag">Paag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_hat" title="Pahlavi hat">Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakol" title="Pakol">Pakol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakha" title="Papakha">Papakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashteen_hat" title="Pashteen hat">Pashteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungcha" title="Pungcha">Pungcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_official_headwear" title="Qing official headwear">Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastacap" title="Rastacap">Rastacap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ajka%C4%8Da" title="Šajkača">Šajkača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salako" title="Salako">Salako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">Salakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_bird" title="Senufo bird">Senufo bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyade" title="Shyade">Shyade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_cap" title="Šibenik cap">Šibenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cap" title="Sindhi cap">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero" title="Sombrero">Sombrero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_cala%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Sombrero calañés">sombrero calañés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordovan_hat" title="Cordovan hat">sombrero cordobés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite" title="Sombrero de catite">sombrero de catite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_vueltiao" title="Sombrero vueltiao">sombrero vueltiao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_official_headwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Song official headwear">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap" title="Stormy Kromer cap">Stormy Kromer cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_hat" title="Straw hat">Straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ubara" title="Šubara">Šubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_hat" title="Sun hat">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tam_o%27_shanter_(cap)" title="Tam o' shanter (cap)">Tam o' shanter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_official_headwear" title="Tang official headwear">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanggeon" title="Tanggeon">Tanggeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantour" title="Tantour">Tantour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)" title="Taqiyah (cap)">Taqiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembel_hat" title="Tembel hat">Tembel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)" title="Tokin (headwear)">Tokin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topor_(headgear)" title="Topor (headgear)">Topor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunokakushi" title="Tsunokakushi">Tsunokakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubeteika" title="Tubeteika">Tubeteika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuque" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuque">Tuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_hat" title="Tyrolean hat">Tyrolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upe" title="Upe">Upe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushanka" title="Ushanka">Ushanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_hat" title="Welsh hat">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanggwan" title="Yanggwan">Yanggwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wrapped<br />headwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolnik" title="Apostolnik">Apostolnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashlyk" title="Bashlyk">Bashlyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birrus" title="Birrus">Birrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)" title="Bonnet (headgear)">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshiya" title="Boshiya">Boshiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">Burqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caul_(headgear)" title="Caul (headgear)">Caul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">Chador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaperon_(headgear)" title="Chaperon (headgear)">Chaperon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornette" title="Cornette">Cornette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do-rag" class="mw-redirect" title="Do-rag">Do-rag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumalla" title="Dumalla">Dumalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_turban" title="Hejazi turban">Emamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella" title="Għonnella">Għonnella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gook_(headgear)" title="Gook (headgear)">Gook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugel" title="Gugel">Gugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulle" title="Gulle">Gulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect" title="Haredi burqa sect">Haredi burqa sect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogeon" title="Hogeon">Hogeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jang-ot" title="Jang-ot">Jang-ot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C4%83n_v%E1%BA%A5n" title="Khăn vấn">Khăn vấn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litham" title="Litham">Litham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_peta" title="Mysore peta">Mysore peta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niq%C4%81b" title="Niqāb">Niqāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagri_(turban)" title="Pagri (turban)">Pagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranja" title="Paranja">Paranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheta" title="Pheta">Pheta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi" title="Puneri Pagadi">Puneri Pagadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roach_(headdress)" title="Roach (headdress)">Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">Snood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)" title="Sudra (headdress)">Sudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tichel">Tichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudong" title="Tudong">Tudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashmak" title="Yashmak">Yashmak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hat parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agal_(accessory)" title="Agal (accessory)">Agal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigrette" title="Aigrette">Aigrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_brim" title="Hat brim">Brim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumper_brim" title="Bumper brim">Bumper brim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_cord" title="Campaign cord">Campaign cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cointoise" title="Cointoise">Cointoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamsbart" title="Gamsbart">Gamsbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackle" title="Hackle">Hackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lappet" title="Lappet">Lappet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_(feather)" title="Plume (feather)">Plume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpech" title="Sarpech">Sarpech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visor" title="Visor">Visor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockade" title="Cockade">Cockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_box" title="Hat box">Hat box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatpin" title="Hatpin">Hatpin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Papacy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papacy" title="Template:Papacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papacy" title="Template talk:Papacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Papacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Rome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holy_See(Full_communion)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Full_communion" title="Full communion">Full communion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></b> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop in the Catholic Church">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Diocese of Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Primacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">History</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vatican_City(index,_outline)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enclaved" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclaved">Enclaved</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a>, 1929</li></ul></li> <li>along with <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">properties of the Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Headquarters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cathedra" title="Cathedra">cathedra</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Titles</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal names</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_(style)" title="Holiness (style)">His Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_of_Christ" title="Vicar of Christ">Vicar of Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Successor_of_the_Prince_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor of the Prince of the Apostles">Successor of the Prince of the Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifex_maximus#Catholic_Church_use_of_the_title" title="Pontifex maximus">Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_West" title="Patriarch of the West">Patriarch of the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of Italy">Primate of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_and_Metropolitan_of_the_Roman_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province">Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_of_the_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign of the Vatican City State">Sovereign of the Vatican City State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_servants_of_God" title="Servant of the servants of God">Servant of the servants of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coats_of_arms" title="Papal coats of arms">Coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Holy_See" title="Coat of arms of the Holy See">Coat of arms of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_cross" title="Papal cross">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keys_of_Heaven" title="Keys of Heaven">Keys of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_regalia_and_insignia" title="Papal regalia and insignia">Regalia and insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_(papal_signature)" title="Rota (papal signature)">Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbraculum" title="Umbraculum">Umbraculum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Proclamations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Bull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_bulls" title="List of papal bulls">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">Apostolic exhortation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Ecclesiastical letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_arbitration" title="Papal arbitration">Arbitration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Deposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_blessing" title="Apostolic blessing">Blessing</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Episcopal_blessing" title="Episcopal blessing">Pontifical</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urbi_et_Orbi" title="Urbi et Orbi">Urbi et Orbi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Conclave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="List of papal elections">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_consistory" title="Papal consistory">Consistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_diplomatics" title="Papal diplomatics">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_inauguration" title="Papal inauguration">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">High Mass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_travel" title="Papal travel">Travel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Vestments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camauro" title="Camauro">Camauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_ferula" title="Papal ferula">Ferula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Mantle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">Mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_the_Fisherman" title="Ring of the Fisherman">Ring of the Fisherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_shoes" title="Papal shoes">Shoes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_slippers" title="Papal slippers">Slippers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-cinctorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-cinctorium">Sub-cinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Tiara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_papal_tiaras_in_existence" title="List of papal tiaras in existence">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">Zucchetto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popemobile" title="Popemobile">Popemobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedia_gestatoria" title="Sedia gestatoria">Sedia gestatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd One">Shepherd One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papal_household" title="Papal household">Household</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" title="Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Camerlengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commanders of the Pontifical Swiss Guard">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_His_Holiness" title="Chaplain of His Holiness">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatinus_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Palatinus in the Catholic Church">Palatinus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_majordomo" title="Papal majordomo">Papal majordomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_gentleman" title="Papal gentleman">Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Preacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Preacher">Preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_the_Papal_household" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of the Papal household">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelate_of_Honour_of_His_Holiness" title="Prelate of Honour of His Holiness">Prelate of Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_assistant_to_the_Papal_throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince assistant to the Papal throne">Prince assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theologian_of_the_Pontifical_Household" title="Theologian of the Pontifical Household">Theologian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_cardinals" title="List of current cardinals">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">for Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Giulia" title="Cappella Giulia">Cappella Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_nobility" title="Papal nobility">Papal nobility</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_nobility" title="Black nobility">Black</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Orders of chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_academy" title="Pontifical academy">Pontifical academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_university" title="Pontifical university">Pontifical university</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_universities_in_Rome" title="Pontifical universities in Rome">in Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Colleges" title="Roman Colleges">Pontifical colleges in Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Roman_Major_Seminary" title="Pontifical Roman Major Seminary">Major Seminary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papabile" title="Papabile">Papabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonised_popes" title="List of canonised popes">Canonised popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legends_surrounding_the_papacy" title="Legends surrounding the papacy">Legends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popes_by_country" title="List of popes by country">Popes by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sexually_active_popes" title="List of sexually active popes">Sexually active popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipope" title="Antipope">Antipope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mitra"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4352833-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="miters"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85086269">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mitres"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12241927c">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mitres de cheminées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15805604g">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mitres"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12241927c">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mitres de cheminées"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15805604g">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538752805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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