CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Northeast Region, Brazil - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"68de328b-08df-46c5-a7b7-56cf2be386b1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Northeast_Region,_Brazil","wgTitle":"Northeast Region, Brazil","wgCurRevisionId":1274397819,"wgRevisionId":1274397819,"wgArticleId":1251477,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","Webarchive template webcite links","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2022","Articles with short description", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014","Pages with Portuguese IPA","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","Articles to be expanded from January 2014","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles needing cleanup from January 2014","All pages needing cleanup","Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from January 2014","All articles that may have off-topic sections","Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2014","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023","Wikipedia articles needing context from April 2014","All Wikipedia articles needing context","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Northeast Region, Brazil","Regions of Brazil"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Northeast_Region,_Brazil","wgRelevantArticleId":1251477,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-12.966666666666667,"lon":-38.516666666666666},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1136194","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/1200px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1186"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/800px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="790"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/640px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="632"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Northeast Region, Brazil - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Northeast_Region_Brazil rootpage-Northeast_Region_Brazil skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northeast+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northeast+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Northeast+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Northeast+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zona_da_Mata_("Forest_Zone")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zona_da_Mata_("Forest_Zone")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span><i>Zona da Mata</i> ("Forest Zone")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zona_da_Mata_("Forest_Zone")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agreste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agreste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>Agreste</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agreste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sertão_("Backlands")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sertão_("Backlands")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span><i>Sertão</i> ("Backlands")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sertão_("Backlands")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meio-Norte_("Midnorth")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meio-Norte_("Midnorth")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span><i>Meio-Norte</i> ("Midnorth")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meio-Norte_("Midnorth")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology and topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Industrialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_husbandry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_husbandry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Animal husbandry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_husbandry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Tourism and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>International airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_refineries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_refineries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Oil refineries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_refineries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seaports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Seaports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrochemical_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrochemical_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Petrochemical plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrochemical_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Railroads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Mines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydroelectric_dams_and_reservoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroelectric_dams_and_reservoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Hydroelectric dams and reservoirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroelectric_dams_and_reservoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas_and_rural_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas_and_rural_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Urban areas and rural areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas_and_rural_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_composition_of_Northeast_Brazil_compared_to_other_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_composition_of_Northeast_Brazil_compared_to_other_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Ethnic composition of Northeast Brazil compared to other regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_composition_of_Northeast_Brazil_compared_to_other_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast Region, Brazil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="المنطقة الشمالية الشرقية (البرازيل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنطقة الشمالية الشرقية (البرازيل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimal-%C5%9F%C9%99rq_regionu_(Braziliya)" title="Şimal-şərq regionu (Braziliya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimal-şərq regionu (Braziliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1-%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Төньяҡ-көнсығыш регионы (Бразилия) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ-көнсығыш регионы (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Североизточен регион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Североизточен регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjeveroisto%C4%8Dna_regija_(Brazil)" title="Sjeveroistočna regija (Brazil) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sjeveroistočna regija (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste_(Brazil)" title="Nordeste (Brazil) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nordeste (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_Nord-est_del_Brasil" title="Regió Nord-est del Brasil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió Nord-est del Brasil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severov%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_region_(Braz%C3%ADlie)" title="Severovýchodní region (Brazílie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severovýchodní region (Brazílie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste_(region)" title="Nordeste (region) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nordeste (region)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Nordeste" title="Região Nordeste – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Região Nordeste" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirdepiirkond_(Brasiilia)" title="Kirdepiirkond (Brasiilia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kirdepiirkond (Brasiilia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste_do_Brasil" title="Nordeste do Brasil – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Nordeste do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_Nordeste_de_Brasil" title="Región Nordeste de Brasil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región Nordeste de Brasil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordorienta_Brazilo" title="Nordorienta Brazilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nordorienta Brazilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="منطقه شمال شرقی برزیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه شمال شرقی برزیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_Nord-Est_(Br%C3%A9sil)" title="Région Nord-Est (Brésil) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région Nord-Est (Brésil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_Nordeste_do_Brasil" title="Rexión Nordeste do Brasil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión Nordeste do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EB%8F%99%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9_(%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88)" title="북동부 지방 (브라질) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북동부 지방 (브라질)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Հյուսիսարևելյան տարածաշրջան (Բրազիլիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսարևելյան տարածաշրջան (Բրազիլիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2)" title="पूर्वोत्तरी क्षेत्र (ब्राज़ील) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वोत्तरी क्षेत्र (ब्राज़ील)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-estala_regiono_(Brazilia)" title="Nord-estala regiono (Brazilia) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nord-estala regiono (Brazilia)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%99,_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="ঔয়াংমুঙ, ব্রাজিল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঔয়াংমুঙ, ব্রাজিল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Timur_Laut,_Brasil" title="Region Timur Laut, Brasil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Region Timur Laut, Brasil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Nord-est_(Brasil)" title="Region Nord-est (Brasil) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Region Nord-est (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_Nordest_del_Brasile" title="Regione Nordest del Brasile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione Nordest del Brasile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C)" title="האזור הצפון-מזרחי (ברזיל) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האזור הצפון-מזרחי (ברזיל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ჩრდილოეთ-აღმოსავლეთი რეგიონი (ბრაზილია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთ-აღმოსავლეთი რეგიონი (ბრაზილია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA-%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Түндүк-Чыгыш аймагы (Бразилия) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк-Чыгыш аймагы (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCaustrumu_re%C4%A3ions_(Braz%C4%ABlija)" title="Ziemeļaustrumu reģions (Brazīlija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļaustrumu reģions (Brazīlija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilijos_%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_ryt%C5%B3_regionas" title="Brazilijos Šiaurės rytų regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brazilijos Šiaurės rytų regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Североисточен Регион (Бразил) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Североисточен Регион (Бразил)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste" title="Nordeste – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nordeste" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_Noordoost_(Brazili%C3%AB)" title="Regio Noordoost (Brazilië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regio Noordoost (Brazilië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB)" title="北東部地域 (ブラジル) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北東部地域 (ブラジル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Nordeste_do_Brasil" title="Região Nordeste do Brasil – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Região Nordeste do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste" title="Nordeste – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nordeste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordaustregionen_i_Brasil" title="Nordaustregionen i Brasil – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nordaustregionen i Brasil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_N%C3%B2rd-%C3%88st_(Brasil)" title="Region Nòrd-Èst (Brasil) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Region Nòrd-Èst (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocno-Wschodni_(Brazylia)" title="Region Północno-Wschodni (Brazylia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Region Północno-Wschodni (Brazylia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Nordeste_do_Brasil" title="Região Nordeste do Brasil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região Nordeste do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Северо-восточный регион (Бразилия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северо-восточный регион (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajoni_Verilindor_i_Brazilit" title="Rajoni Verilindor i Brazilit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rajoni Verilindor i Brazilit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Northeast Region, Brazil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koillinen_alue_(Brasilia)" title="Koillinen alue (Brasilia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koillinen alue (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzeydo%C4%9Fu_b%C3%B6lgesi,_Brezilya" title="Kuzeydoğu bölgesi, Brezilya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzeydoğu bölgesi, Brezilya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Північно-східний регіон (Бразилія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північно-східний регіон (Бразилія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="شمال مشرقی علاقہ، برازیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمال مشرقی علاقہ، برازیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_B%E1%BA%AFc,_Brasil" title="Vùng Đông Bắc, Brasil – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng Đông Bắc, Brasil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="巴西东北部地区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴西东北部地区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1136194#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Northeast_Region,_Brazil" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1274397819" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Northeast_Region%2C_Brazil&id=1274397819&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNortheast_Region%2C_Brazil"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNortheast_Region%2C_Brazil"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Northeast_Region%2C_Brazil&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brazil_Northeast" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Northeast_(Brazil)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1136194" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&params=12_58_S_38_31_W_region:BR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°58′S</span> <span class="longitude">38°31′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.967°S 38.517°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.967; -38.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Nordeste,_Azores" title="Nordeste, Azores">Nordeste municipality</a> in the Azores archipelago. For the socio-geographic area of Brazil, see <a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste (socio-geographic division)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Brazil</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Northeast Region</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="pt">Região Nordeste</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/250px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/375px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg/500px-Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&params=12_58_S_38_31_W_region:BR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°58′S</span> <span class="longitude">38°31′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.967°S 38.517°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.967; -38.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> <small> (by metro pop.) </small><a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a> <small> (by city proper) </small><br /><a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a> <small> (by pop. density) </small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">States</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/23px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/35px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/45px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/23px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/35px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/45px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/22px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/33px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/43px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/23px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/35px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/45px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/22px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/33px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/43px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,558,196 km<sup>2</sup> (601,623 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Area" title="Regions of Brazil">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">54,658,515</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Population" title="Regions of Brazil">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">35/km<sup>2</sup> (91/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Population_density" title="Regions of Brazil">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">71%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-bge_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bge-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">R$</a> 1.243 trillion<br />(<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 230.596 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2014</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Category</th><td class="infobox-data">0.710 – <span style="color:green">high</span> (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Human_Development_Index" title="Regions of Brazil">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">69 years (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Life_expectancy" title="Regions of Brazil">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">33.2 per 1,000 (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Infant_mortality" title="Regions of Brazil">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">85,8% (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Literacy_rate" title="Regions of Brazil">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9202:00" title="UTC−02:00">UTC−02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">FNT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC−03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">BRT</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Northeast Region of Brazil</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Região Nordeste do Brasil</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-BR-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w<span class="wrap"> </span>nɔʁˈdɛstʃi<span class="wrap"> </span>du<span class="wrap"> </span>bɾaˈziw]</a></span>) is one of the five official and political <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">regions of the country</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics</a>. Of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>'s twenty-six states, it comprises nine: <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Pernambuco" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> archipelago (formerly a separate territory, now part of Pernambuco). </p><p>Chiefly known as <i><b>Nordeste</b></i> ("Northeast") in Brazil, this region was the first to be colonized by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> and other European peoples, playing a crucial role in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">the country's history</a>. <i>Nordeste'</i>s dialects and rich culture, including its folklore, cuisines, music and literature, became the most easily distinguishable across the country. To this day, <i>Nordeste</i> is known for its history and culture, as well as for its natural environment and its hot weather.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Nordeste</i> stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic seaboard</a> in the northeast and southeast, northwest and west to the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Basin">Amazon Basin</a> and south through the <a href="/wiki/Espinha%C3%A7o_Mountains" title="Espinhaço Mountains">Espinhaço</a> highlands in southern <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>. It encloses the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_River" title="São Francisco River">São Francisco River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>, which were instrumental in the exploration, settlement and economic development of the region. The region lies entirely within the earth's <a href="/wiki/Tropical_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical zone">tropical zone</a> and encompasses <a href="/wiki/Caatinga" title="Caatinga">Caatinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>. The climate is hot and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a>, varying from <a href="/wiki/Xeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeric">xeric</a> in Caatinga, to <a href="/wiki/Mesic_habitat" title="Mesic habitat">mesic</a> in Cerrado and <a href="/wiki/Hydric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydric">hydric</a> in the Atlantic Forest. The Northeast Region represents 18% of Brazilian territory, has a population of 57 million people, 28% of the total population of the country, and contributes 14.2% (2020) of Brazil's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly three quarters of the population live in urban areas clustered along the Atlantic coast<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and about 15 million people live in the hinterland. It is an impoverished region: 43.5% of the population lives in poverty, defined as less than $2/day.<sup id="cite_ref-g_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capital of each state including the states of <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a> is its largest city; those four capitals are coastal cities with a population of more than one million.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nordeste</i> has nine international airports,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the region has the second largest number of passengers (roughly 20%) in Brazil. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg/220px-Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg/330px-Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg/440px-Brazil_Region_Nordeste_Subregions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>Geoclimatic subregions of Brazilian Northeast:<br /> <span style="color:#738547;"><b>1</b> •</span> <i>Meio-Norte</i><br /> <span style="color:#983117;"><b>2</b> •</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o" title="Sertão">Sertão</a></i><br /> <span style="color:#7F4E80;"><b>3</b> •</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Agreste" title="Agreste">Agreste</a></i><br /> <span style="color:#C69A00;"><b>4</b> •</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Zona_da_Mata" title="Zona da Mata">Zona da Mata</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zona_da_Mata_("Forest_Zone")"><span id="Zona_da_Mata_.28.22Forest_Zone.22.29"></span><i>Zona da Mata</i> ("Forest Zone")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Zona da Mata ("Forest Zone")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a></div> <p>The <i>Zona da Mata</i> comprises the rainforest zones of <i>Nordeste</i> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Atlantic Forest</a> or <i>Mata Atlântica</i>) in the humid eastern coast, where the region's largest capital cities are also located. The forest area was much larger before suffering from centuries of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and exploration. For many years, sugar cane cultivation in this region was the mainstay of <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Brazil's economy</a>, being superseded only when <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> production developed in the late 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">Sugar cane</a> is cultivated on large estates whose owners maintain tremendous political influence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agreste"><i>Agreste</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Agreste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agreste" title="Agreste">Agreste</a></div> <p>Since the escarpment does not generate any further rainfall on its slopes from the lifting of the <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a>, annual rainfall decreases steadily inland. After a relatively short distance, there is no longer enough rainfall to support tropical rainforest, especially since the rainfall is extremely erratic from year to year. This transitional zone is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Agreste" title="Agreste">agreste</a></i> and because it is located on the steep escarpment, was not generally used whilst flatter land was abundant. Today, with irrigation water available, however, the <i>agreste</i>, as its name suggest, is a major farming region. Despite containing no major city, it contains well developed medium large cities such as <a href="/wiki/Caruaru" title="Caruaru">Caruaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campina_Grande" title="Campina Grande">Campina Grande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arapiraca" title="Arapiraca">Arapiraca</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sertão_("Backlands")"><span id="Sert.C3.A3o_.28.22Backlands.22.29"></span><i>Sertão</i> ("Backlands")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sertão ("Backlands")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o" title="Sertão">Sertão</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, the word <i>sertão</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[seʁˈtɐ̃w]</a></span>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Backcountry" title="Backcountry">backcountry</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">outback</a>") first referred to the vast hinterlands of Asia and South America that <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese discoveries">Lusitanian explorers</a> encountered. In Brazil, the geographical term referred to backlands away from the Atlantic coastal regions where the Portuguese first settled in South America in the early sixteenth century. </p><p>Geographically, the <i>Sertão</i> consists mainly of low uplands that form part of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a>. Most parts of the sertão are between 200 and 500 meters above sea level, with higher elevations found on the eastern edge in the <a href="/wiki/Planalto_da_Borborema" class="mw-redirect" title="Planalto da Borborema">Planalto da Borborema</a>, where it merges into a sub-humid region known as <a href="/wiki/Agreste" title="Agreste">agreste</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Ibiapaba" title="Serra da Ibiapaba">Serra da Ibiapaba</a> in western <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a> and in the Serro do Periquito of central <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a>. In the north, the <i>Sertão</i> extends to the northern coastal plains of Rio Grande do Norte state, whilst in the south it fades out in the northern fringe of <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>. </p><p>Because the <i>Sertão</i> lies close to the equator, temperatures remain nearly uniform throughout the year and are typically tropical, often extremely hot in the west. However, the sertão is distinctive in its low rainfall compared to other areas of Brazil. Because of the relatively cool temperatures in the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic Ocean">South Atlantic Ocean</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a> remains north of the region for most of the year. Consequently, conditions are very dry for most of the year. </p><p>Although annual rainfall averages between 500 and 800 millimeters over most of the sertão and 1300 millimeters on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, it is confined to a short rainy season. This season extends from January to April in the west, but in the eastern Sertão it generally occurs from March to June. However, rainfall is extremely erratic and in some years the rains are minimal, leading to catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>. The duration of droughts has increased over the last 36 years, with the 2012–2016 drought being the longest drought in the region's history.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this vulnerability to the climate, Sertão is also known as a “polygon of drought.”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">global warming</a>, more frequent, more severe and longer droughts are estimated to hit the region over the next 90 years.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the increasing severity of the droughts, Brazil has become increasingly able to mitigate the negative social impacts associated with drought.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While generally successful in helping those enduring drought, drought relief programs have historically resulted in a so-called <i>indústria da seca</i> (drought industry). The term, coined by <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Callado" title="Antônio Callado">Antônio Callado</a>, describes the phenomenon wherein local politicians use droughts as a tool to increase their electoral chances, effectively "trading drought relief for votes." This misappropriation of funds often benefits the wealthy—especially private landowners—to the detriment of the rural poor.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meio-Norte_("Midnorth")"><span id="Meio-Norte_.28.22Midnorth.22.29"></span><i>Meio-Norte</i> ("Midnorth")</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Meio-Norte ("Midnorth")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Meio-Norte</i> is a transition area between the high rainfalls region of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Semi_arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi arid">semi arid</a> region of <i><a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o" title="Sertão">Sertão</a></i> (hot and drought) covering the state of <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a> and half of <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Northeast region comprises the drainage basins of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Sao_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Sao Francisco">São Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canind%C3%A9_River_(Piau%C3%AD)" title="Canindé River (Piauí)">Canindé</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parna%C3%ADba_River" title="Parnaíba River">Parnaíba Rivers</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_topography">Geology and topography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geology and topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geographically, <i>Nordeste</i> consists chiefly of an eroded continental <a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">craton</a> with many low hills and small ranges. The highest peaks are around 1,850 metres (6,070 ft) in Bahia, while further north there are no peaks above 1,123 metres (3,684 ft). On its northern and western side, the plateaus fall steadily to the coast and into the basin of the <a href="/wiki/Tocantins_River" title="Tocantins River">Tocantins River</a> in Maranhão, but on the eastern side it falls off quite sharply to the coast except in the valley of the São Francisco river. The steep slopes and long cliffs of the eastern coastline are known as "<a href="/wiki/Great_Escarpment,_Brazil" title="Great Escarpment, Brazil">The Great Escarpment</a>". </p><p>The escarpment serves an extremely important climatic function because for most of the year, <i>Nordeste</i> is out of reach of the <a href="/wiki/Intertropical_Convergence_Zone" title="Intertropical Convergence Zone">Intertropical Convergence Zone</a>. The easterly <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> blow across the region and bring abundant rainfall to the coast but producing clear, dry conditions inland where the escarpment blocks moisture flow. This gives rise to four distinct regions, the <a href="/wiki/Zona_da_Mata_(coastal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona da Mata (coastal)">zona da mata</a> on the coast, the <a href="/wiki/Agreste" title="Agreste">agreste</a> on the escarpment, <a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o" title="Sertão">sertão</a> beyond and the Mid north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">History of Brazil</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is missing information</b> about one and a half centuries history from 1763–1922.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Talk:Northeast Region, Brazil">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engenho_com_capela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Engenho_com_capela.jpg/220px-Engenho_com_capela.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Engenho_com_capela.jpg/330px-Engenho_com_capela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Engenho_com_capela.jpg/440px-Engenho_com_capela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>View of a sugar-producing farm (<i>engenho</i>) in colonial <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> by Dutch painter Frans Post (17th century).</figcaption></figure><p> Before the arrival of Europeans, <i>Nordeste</i> was inhabited by indigenous peoples, mostly speaking languages of the <a href="/wiki/Tupi%E2%80%93Guarani" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupi–Guarani">Tupi–Guarani</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-Metraux_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metraux-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Sertão</i> region, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapuias" class="extiw" title="pt:Tapuias">Tapuia</a> tribes could also be found.<sup id="cite_ref-Metraux_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metraux-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first area of Brazil to be colonized when roughly 1,500 Portuguese arrived on April 22, 1500, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Porto_Seguro" title="Porto Seguro">Porto Seguro</a>, in what is now the state of <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olinda_e_Recife.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Olinda_e_Recife.PNG/220px-Olinda_e_Recife.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Olinda_e_Recife.PNG/330px-Olinda_e_Recife.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Olinda_e_Recife.PNG/440px-Olinda_e_Recife.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a> with <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> in the background. Olinda was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 1982.</figcaption></figure> <p>The coast of <i>Nordeste</i> saw the first economic activity of the country, namely the extraction and export of pau Brasil, or <a href="/wiki/Brazilwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilwood">brazilwood</a>. Indigenous peoples helped Europeans with the extraction of brazilwood in exchange for spices. They also engaged in an exchange of goods (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">escambo</i>), trading things like animal skins for knives and other valuables. Brazilwood was highly valued in Europe where it was used to make violin bows (especially the <a href="/wiki/Brazilwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilwood">Pau de Pernambuco</a> variety) and for the red dye it produced. Countries like <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, which disagreed with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> (a papal bull decreed by the Spanish-born <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> in 1493 which sought to divide South America between the Spanish and the Portuguese), launched many attacks on the coast to steal the wood. </p><p>Soon after their arrival, Portuguese settlers began to displace native peoples and enslave them as field laborers, leading to conflicts in which many natives died. These conflicts were one contributor to the decline of the indigenous population, which intensified as colonization, commercial interest, and disease escalated in the region. After resistance from indigenous peoples and opposition to their enslavement from the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Portuguese colonials began importing black <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">African slaves</a> in 1530, largely to Bahia. </p><p>In 1552, the seat of the first Catholic bishop of Brazil was established in <i>Nordeste.</i> </p><p>French colonists not only tried to settle in present-day <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, from 1555 to 1567 (the so-called <a href="/wiki/France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a> episode), but also in present-day <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a>, from 1612 to 1614 (the so-called <a href="/wiki/France_Equinoxiale" class="mw-redirect" title="France Equinoxiale">France Equinoxiale</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>, also opposed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, plundered <i>Nordeste'</i>s coast, sacked <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> in 1604, and even temporarily captured <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, which had been Brazil's first capital and general seat of government since 1549. However, the Portuguese soon regained control of Salvador, and the Dutch were unable to recapture it, despite repeated attempts.<sup id="cite_ref-Meuwese_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meuwese-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1630, the Dutch captured <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> and made <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Mauritsstad</i>) their capital. By 1640, they had set up more permanently in <i>Nordeste</i> and controlled a long stretch of coast that was most accessible to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> without, however, penetrating the interior. The colonists of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (WIC) in Brazil were under constant siege despite the presence in Recife of <a href="/wiki/John_Maurice,_Prince_of_Nassau-Siegen" title="John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen">John Maurice of Nassau</a> as governor. To help fight the Portuguese, the WIC sought the support of native peoples. By 1635, the majority of Tupi, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>, had given their support to the Dutch, as they viewed the Portuguese as more brutal and believed that they would be better off if the Dutch remained in Brazil. The military aid provided by the Tupi population proved to be useful in 1645, when Portuguese colonists who had remained in Dutch-controlled territory began to revolt. Tupi mediators such as <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Poty" class="extiw" title="pt:Pedro Poty">Poty</a> and <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Paraupaba" class="extiw" title="pt:Antônio Paraupaba">Paraupaba</a> were instrumental in maintaining strong Dutch-Tupi relations during the struggle against the Portuguese. At the end of 1653, the Portuguese succeeded in capturing Recife, effectively ending <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Dutch Brazil</a> and culminating in their surrender in 1654.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meuwese_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meuwese-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg/220px-Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg/330px-Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg/440px-Salvador-CCBY-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>The historic centre of <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador, Bahia</a>, was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 1985.</figcaption></figure> <p>Slave resistance began during the colonial era, in the 17th century, and eventually led to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Quilombos" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilombos">quilombos</a>, or settlements of runaway and free-born African slaves. The <a href="/wiki/Quilombo_dos_Palmares" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilombo dos Palmares">Quilombo dos Palmares</a>, the largest and most well-known of these settlements, was founded around 1600 in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Barriga" title="Serra da Barriga">Serra da Barriga</a> hills, in the present state of <a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a>. Palmares, at the height of its power, was an independent, self-sustaining republic, hosting a population of over 30,000 free African men, women and children. There were over 200 buildings in the community, a church, four smithies, and a council house. Although <a href="/wiki/Palmares,_Pernambuco" title="Palmares, Pernambuco">Palmares</a> managed to defend itself from the Dutch military and the Portuguese colonials for several decades, it was finally taken and destroyed and its leader <a href="/wiki/Zumbi" title="Zumbi">Zumbi dos Palmares</a> was captured and beheaded. His head was then displayed in a public plaza in Recife. </p><p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Sebastian,_King_of_Portugal" title="Sebastian, King of Portugal">king of Portugal</a> had abolished the enslavement of native peoples in 1570, it continued until the <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Marquis of Pombal</a> declared them to be 'free men' in 1755.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by that time the practice was already rare. Salvador remained the colonial capital until 1763 when it was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, the new economic power center of that era. In 1850, the <a href="/wiki/Eus%C3%A9bio_de_Queir%C3%B3s_Law" title="Eusébio de Queirós Law">Eusébio de Queirós Law</a> was passed, abolishing the international slave trade in Brazil. Following the ban, some slaves from <i>Nordeste</i> were sold to the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast region of Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Sudeste</i>), primarily to the state of <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>. The percentage of slaves in Salvador dropped from 41.6% of the population in 1775 to 27.5% in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1877 and 1879, a large part of the sertão was hit by the most severe drought in Brazilian history, known as the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Seca" title="Grande Seca">Great Drought</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a> being the hardest hit region. As a result, thousands of <i>Nordestinos</i> migrated to other parts of Brazil, especially to the <a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazon</a>, and about 200,000 people died.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the rise of <i>Sudeste</i>, <i>Nordeste</i> was the center of the African slave trade in Brazil, the center of the sugar industry in Brazil, and Brazil's main seaport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic">Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Old Republic, the interior of the Northeast was under the dominion of local oligarchs called <i>coronéis</i>, who enforced their power through violence and fear. Two notable examples of responses to this oppression were the messianic community of Canudos, in the interior of Bahia, which was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Canudos" title="War of Canudos">War of Canudos</a> (1896–1897), and the <a href="/wiki/Cangaceiros" class="mw-redirect" title="Cangaceiros">Cangaceiros</a> in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrialization">Industrialization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Industrialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the administration of <a href="/wiki/Juscelino_Kubitschek" title="Juscelino Kubitschek">Juscelino Kubitschek</a> (1956–61), the <a href="/wiki/Sudene" title="Sudene">Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast</a>, or <i>Sudene</i>, was created with the goal of promoting the development of the Northeast region. In the following decades, under the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" title="Fourth Brazilian Republic">Populist Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">military dictatorship</a>, the investments made by Sudene catalyzed a process of <a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">industrialization</a> around Salvador, Fortaleza, and Recife, as well as a burgeoning agriculture industry around the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_river" class="mw-redirect" title="São Francisco river">São Francisco river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_subdivisions">Political subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">States of Brazil</a></div> <p>The regions of Brazil do not have their own governmental or administrative bodies, but they are well defined.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their boundaries and constituent states are part of the recognized geopolitical structure of the country. The Northeast Region is composed of nine states, with 1793 municipalities<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two special municipalities, Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; there are no unincorporated areas. Brazilian states are divided into Mesoregions, and Mesoregions into Microregions, each region representing a group of municipalities. These regions were created by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics for statistical purposes and do not, therefore, constitute an administrative area. Municipalities are analogous to counties in states of the United States; a city is the urban area of the municipality, and always has the same name as the municipality. </p><p>A municipality may include cities other than the one which gives it its name. The largest state of the Northeast region in terms of area, population and economic output is Bahia; its capital Salvador is the largest city of <i>Nordeste</i>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">State</a> </th> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a> km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a> <br />2014 <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">IBGE</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <br />2010 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <br />2018 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> (R$x1000) <br />2014 <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">IBGE</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a><br />2014 (R$) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/23px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/35px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg/45px-Bandeira_de_Alagoas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a> </td> <td>AL </td> <td>27,768 </td> <td>102 </td> <td>3,327,551 </td> <td>0.631 </td> <td>0.719 </td> <td>40,975,000 </td> <td>12.335,44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/23px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/35px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg/45px-Bandeira_da_Bahia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> </td> <td>BA </td> <td>564,693 </td> <td>417 </td> <td>15,150,143 </td> <td>0.660 </td> <td>0.735 </td> <td>223,930,000 </td> <td>14.803,95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Cear%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a> </td> <td>CE </td> <td>148,826 </td> <td>184 </td> <td>8,867,448 </td> <td>0.682 </td> <td>0.734 </td> <td>126,054,000 </td> <td>14.255,05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Maranh%C3%A3o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a> </td> <td>MA </td> <td>331,983 </td> <td>217 </td> <td>6,861,924 </td> <td>0.639 </td> <td>0.706 </td> <td>76,842,000 </td> <td>11.216,37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/22px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/33px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg/43px-Bandeira_da_Para%C3%ADba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a> </td> <td>PB </td> <td>56,440 </td> <td>223 </td> <td>3,950,359 </td> <td>0.658 </td> <td>0.736 </td> <td>52,936,000 </td> <td>13.422,42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/23px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/35px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg/45px-Bandeira_de_Pernambuco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> </td> <td>PE </td> <td>98,312 </td> <td>185 </td> <td>9,297,861 </td> <td>0.673 </td> <td>0.737 </td> <td>155,143,000 </td> <td>16.722,05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Piau%C3%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a> </td> <td>PI </td> <td>251,529 </td> <td>223 </td> <td>3,198,185 </td> <td>0.646 </td> <td>0.716 </td> <td>37,723,000 </td> <td>11.808,08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/23px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/35px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg/45px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a> </td> <td>RN </td> <td>52,797 </td> <td>167 </td> <td>3,419,550 </td> <td>0.684 </td> <td>0.751 </td> <td>54,023,000 </td> <td>15.849,33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/22px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/33px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg/43px-Bandeira_de_Sergipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a> </td> <td>SE </td> <td>21,910 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>2,227,294 </td> <td>0.665 </td> <td>0.747 </td> <td>37,472,000 </td> <td>16.882,71 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Northeast</b> </td> <td>NE </td> <td><b>1,558,196</b> </td> <td><b>1,793</b> </td> <td><b>56,300,315</b> </td> <td><b>0.659</b> </td> <td><b>0.731</b> </td> <td><b>805,099,000</b> </td> <td><b>14.329,13</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife,_Pernambuco,_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/220px-Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/330px-Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/440px-Bairro_de_Boa_Viagem_-_Zona_Sul_-_Recife%2C_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> is the largest metropolitan area of the Northeast Region, and the third largest city of the region.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Largest_Cities_of_Northeast_Region,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest Cities of Northeast Region, Brazil">Largest Cities of Northeast Region, Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brazil" title="Municipalities of Brazil">Municipalities of Brazil</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Metropolitan area</th> <th>Population (2010 census)<sup id="cite_ref-cp_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a></td> <td align="right">3,690,547 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a></td> <td align="right">3,615,767 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a></td> <td align="right">3,573,973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Natal,_Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Natal, Rio Grande do Norte">Natal</a></td> <td align="right">1,351,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a></td> <td align="right">1,331,181 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Pessoa,_Para%C3%ADba" title="João Pessoa, Paraíba">João Pessoa</a></td> <td align="right">1,198,576 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macei%C3%B3" title="Maceió">Maceió</a></td> <td align="right">1,156,364 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teresina" title="Teresina">Teresina</a></td> <td align="right">1,150,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a></td> <td align="right">835,816 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy of Brazil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture in Brazil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining in Brazil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry in Brazil</a></div> <p>In 2016, the Northeast was in 3rd place among the 5 regions of Brazil, in terms of total wealth. The Southeast comes in 1st with 53.1% of GDP, the South in 2nd with 17%, Northeast in 3rd with 14.4% and the Center-West in 4th with 10.2%. In GDP per capita (that is, GDP per inhabitant), it is in 4th place among the 5 regions, behind the Midwest, South and Southeast. None of the states in the Northeast Region of Brazil has a percentage of GDP production above its percentage of inhabitants in the country, therefore, being in deficit – with this, the Federal Government of Brazil is obliged to redirect taxes extracted in the Southeast and South to the Northeast Region.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg/220px-Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg/330px-Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg/440px-Recife_-_Pernambuco_-_Brasil%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3681" data-file-height="2457" /></a><figcaption>Coconut trees in Pernambuco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAJU.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAJU.JPG/220px-CAJU.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAJU.JPG/330px-CAJU.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAJU.JPG/440px-CAJU.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Cashew in Ceará</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cana-energia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cana-energia.jpg/220px-Cana-energia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cana-energia.jpg/330px-Cana-energia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cana-energia.jpg/440px-Cana-energia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption>Sugar cane in Alagoas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg/220px-Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg/330px-Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg/440px-Algod%C3%A3o_Bahia_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Cotton in <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Eduardo_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Luís Eduardo Magalhães">Luís Eduardo Magalhães</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cacao.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cacao.jpeg/220px-Cacao.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cacao.jpeg/330px-Cacao.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cacao.jpeg/440px-Cacao.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Cocoa in <a href="/wiki/Ilh%C3%A9us" title="Ilhéus">Ilhéus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg/220px-Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg/330px-Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg/440px-Detail_of_pineapples_growing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Pineapple in Bahia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_(1376787388).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg/220px-Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg/330px-Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg/440px-Sojicultura_no_interior_da_Bahia_-_%C3%A1rea_de_expans%C3%A3o_da_fronteira_agr%C3%ADcola_%281376787388%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Soybeans in Barreiras</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pimentinhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pimentinhas.jpg/220px-Pimentinhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pimentinhas.jpg/330px-Pimentinhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pimentinhas.jpg/440px-Pimentinhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Pepper in <a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The region is a major producer of <a href="/wiki/Cashew_nuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew nuts">cashew nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical fruits">tropical fruits</a> in general (mainly <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guarana" title="Guarana">guarana</a>). It also has relevant productions of <a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>. The region is subject to prolonged <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">dry spells</a> that are worse in <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> years. This causes a periodic <a href="/wiki/Rural_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural exodus">rural exodus</a>. Government responses include dams and the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_the_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_River" title="Transfer of the São Francisco River">transfer of the São Francisco River</a>. The worst recent droughts were in 1993, 1998 and 1999. The latter was the worst in fifty years.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Northeast Region was the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> in the country, with 74.0% of national production. Bahia produced 351 million fruits, Sergipe, 234 million, and Ceará 187 million. However, the sector has been suffering strong competition and losing market to Indonesia, the Philippines and India, the world's largest producers, who even export coconut water to Brazil. In addition to climatic problems, the low productivity of coconut palms in the Northeast Region is the result of factors related to the variety of coconut harvested and the technological level used in coastal regions. In these areas, the semi-extractive cultivation system still prevails, with low fertility and without the adoption of cultural management practices. The three states that have the largest production, Bahia, Sergipe and Ceará, present a yield three times lower than that of Pernambuco, which is in 5th place in the national production. This is because most of the coconut trees in these three states are located in coastal areas and cultivated in semi-extractivist systems.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a> in Brazil is carried out almost exclusively in the Northeast. The area occupied by cashew trees in Brazil in 2017 was estimated at 505,500 ha; of this total, 99.5% is located in the Northeast. The main producers in this region are Ceará (61.6% of the national area), Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí. However, Brazil, which in 2011 was the fifth largest world producer of cashew nuts, in 2016, fell to 14th position, with 1.5% of the total volume of nuts produced in the world. Vietnam, Nigeria, India and Côte d'Ivoire were the world's largest cashew nut producers in 2016, with 70.6% of global production. In recent years, there has been increased competition with some African countries, where government programs have driven the expansion of culture and processing capacity. It is estimated that at 295 thousand tons per year the installed capacity for processing cashew nuts in the Northeast, however, the Region only managed to produce around a quarter of that quantity. Among the main world producers, Brazil has the lowest productivity. Several factors are pointed out as the cause of the low productivity and the fall in the Brazilian production of cashew nuts. One reason is that most orchards are in a phase of natural decline in production. In addition, the giant cashew trees, which are the majority in the Region, are exploited in an almost extractive manner, with low use of technology.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the production of <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, for a long time, <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> led the Brazilian production. Today, it is disputing the leadership of national production with the state of Pará. In 2017 Pará obtained the leadership for the first time. In 2019, people from Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Bahia's cocoa area is practically three times larger than that of Pará, but Pará's productivity is practically three times greater. Some factors that explain this are: the crops in Bahia are more extractivist, and those in Pará have a more modern and commercial style, in addition to paraenses using more productive and resistant seeds, and their region providing resistance to <a href="/wiki/Witch%27s_broom" title="Witch's broom">Witch's broom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceE_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceE-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the Northeast was in 3rd place among the regions that most produce <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> in the country. Brazil is the world's largest producer, with 672.8 million tons harvested this year. The Northeast harvested 45.7 million tons, 6.8% of national production. Alagoas is the largest producer, with 33.3% of Northeastern production (15.2 million tons). Pernambuco is the 2nd largest producer in the Northeast, with 22.7% of the total in the region (10.3 million tons). Paraíba has 11.9% of northeastern production (5.5 million tons) and Bahia, 10.24% of production (4.7 million tons).<sup id="cite_ref-bnb.gov.br_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bnb.gov.br-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahia is the 2nd largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> in Brazil, losing only to Mato Grosso. In 2019, it harvested 1.5 million tonnes of the product.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceF-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidadeverde.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agroolhar.com.br_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agroolhar.com.br-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a>, Brazil produced close to 120 million tons in 2019, being the largest world producer. In 2019, the Northeast produced close to 10.7 million tons, or 9% of the Brazilian total. The largest producers in the Northeast were Bahia (5.3 million tons), Maranhão (3 million tons) and Piauí (2.4 million tons).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, in 2018 Brazil was the 3rd largest producer in the world, with 82 million tons. The Northeast produced about 8.4% of the country's total. Bahia was the largest producer in the Northeast, with 2.2 million tons. Piauí was the 2nd largest producer in the Northeast, with 1.5 million tons, and Maranhão was the 3rd largest, with 1.3 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidadeverde.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the South Region was the main producer of <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a> with 26.4% of the total, followed by the Midwest (25.4%), Southeast Region (25.1%), Northeast (20.6%) and North (2.5%). The largest producers in the Northeast were Ceará, Bahia, Piauí and Pernambuco.<sup id="cite_ref-agricultura.pr.gov.br_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agricultura.pr.gov.br-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidadeverde.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Maranhão was the 7th largest producer in the country, with 681 thousand tons. Ceará was 9th, with 622 thousand tons. Bahia was 10th with 610 thousand tons. In total, the northeast produced 3,5 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceI_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceI-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>, Bahia was the 4th largest producer in Brazil in 2018, with a total of 604 thousand tons. Sergipe was 6th, with 354 thousand tons. Alagoas was 7th with 166 thousand tons.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceJ_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceJ-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahia is the second largest fruit producer in the country, with more than 3.3 million tons a year, behind São Paulo. The north of Bahia is one of the main fruit suppliers in the country. The State is one of the main national producers of ten types of fruit. In 2017, Bahia led the production of cajarana, coconut, count fruit or pinecone, soursop, umbu, jackfruit, licuri, mango and passion fruit, and is in second place in cocoa almond, atemoia, cupuaçu, lime and lemon, and third in banana, carambola, guava, papaya, watermelon, melon, cherry, pomegranate and table grapes. In all, 34 products from Bahia's fruit culture have an important participation in the national economy.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceG_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rio Grande do Norte is the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a> in the country. In 2017 it produced 354 thousand tons, distributed between the cities of Mossoró, Tibau and Apodi. The Northeast region accounted for 95.8% of the country's production in 2007. In addition to Rio Grande do Norte, which in 2005 produced 45.4% of the country's total, the other 3 largest in the country were Ceará, Bahia and Pernambuco.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the production of <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, in 2018 Bahia was the 2nd largest producer state in Brazil, almost equaling with Espírito Santo. Ceará was in 3rd place and Rio Grande do Norte in 4th place.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceD_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceD-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahia was the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> in the country in 2019, with production of around 281 thousand tons per year. Juazeiro (130 thousand tons per year) and Casa Nova (54 thousand tons per year) are at the top of the list of Brazilian cities that lead the cultivation of fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceG_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceG-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the production of <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, in 2018 Bahia was the 2nd largest national producer. Pernambuco came in 5th place.<sup id="cite_ref-cnpmf.embrapa.br_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnpmf.embrapa.br-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, in 2018 Paraíba was the 2nd largest producer state in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceH_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceH-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahia is the largest Brazilian producer of <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaraná">guaraná</a>. In 2017, Brazilian production was close to 3.3 million tons. Bahia harvested 2.3 million (mainly in the city of Taperoá), Amazonas 0.7 million (mainly in the city of Maués) and the rest of the country, 0.3 million. Despite the fact that the fruit originated in the Amazon, since 1989 Bahia has beaten Amazonas in terms of production volume and guarana productivity, due to the fact that the soil in Bahia is more favorable, in addition to the absence of diseases in the region. The most famous users of the product, however, acquire 90% to 100% of their guarana from the Amazon region, such as AMBEV and <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>. Bahian guarana prices are well below those of other states, but Sudam's tax exemptions lead the beverage industry to prefer to purchase seeds in the North, which helps maintain the highest added value of Amazonian guarana. The pharmaceutical industries and importers, on the other hand, buy more guarana from Bahia, due to the price.<sup id="cite_ref-valor.globo.com_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valor.globo.com-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_husbandry">Animal husbandry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Animal husbandry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG/220px-Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG/330px-Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG/440px-Ovinos_pastando_ao_por-do-sol_num_s%C3%ADtio_em_Araci-BA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Goats in <a href="/wiki/Araci" title="Araci">Araci</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, the Northeast had 12.9% of the Brazilian cattle herd. In the sertão, producers often suffer losses due to constant droughts. There are also goat breeds, which are more resistant, pigs, sheep and birds.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livestock fairs are common in the cities of the northeastern countryside. These fairs gave rise to cities like Campina Grande, Feira de Santana and Caruaru.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Northeast region housed 93.2% of the goat herd (8,944,461 heads) and 64.2% of the sheep herd (11,544,939 heads) in Brazil in 2017. Bahia concentrated 30.9% of the goat herd and 20.9% of the national sheep herd. Casa Nova (BA) took first place in the municipal ranking with the largest numbers of both species.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding pork, Brazil had almost 42 million hogs in 2017. The Northeast had 13% of the total (5.4 million). In poultry farming, Brazil had a total of 1.4 billion chickens in 2017. The Northeast had 11.6% of the total (164 million). In milk production, Brazil produced 33.5 billion liters in 2017. The Northeast produced 11.6% of the total (3.9 billion liters). In the production of eggs, Brazil produced 4.2 billion dozens in 2017. The Northeast produced 16.1% (683 million dozens).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Northeast was the 2nd largest honey producer in the country in 2017, losing to the South region. The total produced in the country was 41.6 thousand tons. The Northeast produced 30.7% (12.7 thousand tons).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the Northeast was the largest shrimp producer in the country. National production was 41 thousand tons. Rio Grande do Norte (37.7%) and Ceará (28.9%) were the largest producers. Aracati-CE was the municipality with the highest participation .<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_57-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Northeast Region, <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> stands out, with 1.68% of the national mineral participation (4th place in the country). In 2017, at <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, it produced 6.2 tons, at a value of R$730 million. At <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, it produced 56 thousand tons, at a value of R$404 million. At <a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">chrome</a>, it produced 520 thousand tons, at a value of R$254 million. In <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a>, it produced 358 thousand tons, at a value of R$91 million.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto5_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the extraction of precious and semi-precious stones, Bahia has small or medium scale productions of amethyst, agate, diamond, emerald, garnet, opal, ruby, tourmaline and turquoise. There is also aquamarine production in Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Alagoas and Paraíba; grenades in Paraíba, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte; opal in Piauí and Ceará; tourmaline in Ceará and Tourmaline Paraíba in Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto4_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto5_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J_Macedo-sede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/J_Macedo-sede.jpg/220px-J_Macedo-sede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/J_Macedo-sede.jpg/330px-J_Macedo-sede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/J_Macedo-sede.jpg/440px-J_Macedo-sede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption>J Macêdo is one of the largest pasta industries in Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, the Northeast Region had close to 13% of the country's industrial GDP. Bahia has 4.4% of the national industrial GDP,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pernambuco 2.7%,<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceará 1.9%,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maranhão 1.1%,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rio Grande do Norte 0.9%,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paraíba 0.7%,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sergipe 0.6%,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alagoas 0.5%<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Piauí 0.4%,.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the least industrialized region of the country, in proportion per inhabitant. The states that have some relevant industrial level are Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará. </p><p>Bahian <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a> have automobile and tyre industries, footwear and textiles, furniture, food and beverages, cosmetics and perfumes, information technology and naval sectors. In Brazil, the <a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">automotive</a> sector represents close to 22% of industrial GDP. Bahia had a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> factory.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created in <a href="/wiki/Cama%C3%A7ari" title="Camaçari">Camaçari</a> (2001). The Bahian automotive sector, led by Ford was in 2005 the third largest contributor (14.6%) to the Bahian <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>. Currently the state is trying to replace Ford, which stopped producing in Brazil. The state also has a petrochemical complex in Camaçari. </p><p>In Pernambuco, the naval, automobile, chemical, metallurgical, flat glass, electro-electronic, non-metallic minerals, textile and food industries stand out. Currently, the Suape Industrial and Port Complex, located in the area of the homonymous port, Metropolitan Region of Recife, is the main industrial pole of Pernambuco. The state capital is home to Porto Digital, a technology park with more than 200 companies, including multinationals such as Accenture, Oracle, ThoughtWorks, Ogilvy, IBM and Microsoft, accounting for 3.9% of Pernambuco's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main sectors of the Ceará industry are clothing, food, metallurgy, textiles, chemicals and footwear. Most of the industries are installed in the Metropolitan Region of <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, where the Industrial District of Maracanaú is located. In <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alo_do_Amarante,_Cear%C3%A1" title="São Gonçalo do Amarante, Ceará">São Gonçalo do Amarante</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">steel mill</a> is installed, Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém, which in 2018 produced 2.9 million tons of crude steel, of the 35.4 million produced in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the large companies in Ceará with national reach are: Aço Cearense (steel), Companhia de Alimentos do Nordeste (food), <a href="/wiki/Grendene" title="Grendene">Grendene</a> (footwear), Café Santa Clara (coffee), Grande Moinho Cearense (mill), Edson Queiroz Group (business conglomerate, works with gas, mineral water, household appliances, communications, education, among others), Naval Industry of Ceará, J. Macêdo, <a href="/wiki/M._Dias_Branco" title="M. Dias Branco">M. Dias Branco</a> (food company that manufactures, markets and distributes cookies, pasta, cakes, snacks, wheat flour, margarine and vegetable fats), <a href="/wiki/Troller" class="mw-redirect" title="Troller">Troller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ypi%C3%B3ca" class="mw-redirect" title="Ypióca">Ypióca</a>. The state is generally poor. According to 2013 data, 396,370 people live in slums in Fortaleza. Fortaleza has the 2nd largest population in a slum among cities in the Northeast. 31.6% of residents have income per capita up to half the minimum wage. The state's productivity is small.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other states, the industry generally boils down to food processing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism in Brazil</a></div> <dl><dd><i>See Also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches#Brazil" title="List of beaches">List of beaches#Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Brazil">List of national parks of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil#Tourism" title="Brazil">Brazil#Tourism</a></i></dd></dl> <p>As elsewhere in Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> has grown significantly in the past few decades. </p><p>Most coastal cities of <i>Nordeste</i>, besides the capital cities, have natural amenities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Abrolhos_Marine_National_Park" title="Abrolhos Marine National Park">Abrolhos Marine National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itacar%C3%A9" title="Itacaré">Itacaré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Comandatuba" title="Ilha de Comandatuba">Comandatuba Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_do_Sau%C3%ADpe" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa do Sauípe">Costa do Sauípe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canavieiras" title="Canavieiras">Canavieiras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Seguro" title="Porto Seguro">Porto Seguro</a>, in the state of Bahia; the Marine National Park of <a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_de_Galinhas" title="Porto de Galinhas">Porto de Galinhas</a> beach in the state of <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a>; tropical paradises, such as <a href="/wiki/Canoa_Quebrada" title="Canoa Quebrada">Canoa Quebrada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jericoacoara" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericoacoara">Jericoacoara</a>, on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a>, as well as places to practice paragliding, as in <a href="/wiki/Quixad%C3%A1" title="Quixadá">Quixadá</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sobral,_Cear%C3%A1" title="Sobral, Ceará">Sobral</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Len%C3%A7%C3%B3is_Maranhenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lençóis Maranhenses">Lençóis Maranhenses</a>, embellishing the coast of <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a> State, among many others. </p><p>In the interior, there are the national parks of <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Capivara_National_Park" title="Serra da Capivara National Park">Serra da Capivara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sete_Cidades_National_Park" title="Sete Cidades National Park">Sete Cidades</a>, both in the state of <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>; the city of <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Pessoa,_Para%C3%ADba" title="João Pessoa, Paraíba">João Pessoa</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chapada_Diamantina_National_Park" title="Chapada Diamantina National Park">Chapada Diamantina</a>, in the state of Bahia; and many other attractions. The tourist industry is based largely around the beaches of <i>Nordeste</i>, attracting thousands of tourists per year from other regions of Brazil as well as from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>), the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two recognized nudist beaches in <i>Nordeste</i>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America#Brazil" title="List of social nudity places in South America">Tambaba Beach</a> north of Recife, Paraíba, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_nudity_places_in_South_America#Brazil" title="List of social nudity places in South America">Massarandupio Beach</a> 100 km north of Salvador, Bahia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Lacking_overview plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>lacks an overview of its topic.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by writing the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(lists)#Lead_paragraphs_in_embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (lists)">lead section</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/220px-Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/330px-Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/440px-Pra%C3%A7a-Rodolfo-Fernandes-Mossor%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mossor%C3%B3" title="Mossoró">Mossoró</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a> is one of the largest onshore <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> producers in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_institutions">Educational institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_universities_of_Brazil" title="List of federal universities of Brazil">List of federal universities of Brazil</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_de_Pernambuco" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal de Pernambuco">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco</a> (UFPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_da_Bahia" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal da Bahia">Universidade Federal da Bahia</a> (UFBA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_da_Lusofonia_Afro-Brasileira" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira">Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira</a> (UNILAB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Cear%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Ceará">Universidade Federal do Ceará</a> (UFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_da_Para%C3%ADba" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal da Paraíba">Universidade Federal da Paraíba</a> (UFPB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Rio_Grande_do_Norte" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte</a> (UFRN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_de_Sergipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal de Sergipe">Universidade Federal de Sergipe</a> (UFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_de_Alagoas" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal de Alagoas">Universidade Federal de Alagoas</a> (UFAL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Maranh%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Maranhão">Universidade Federal do Maranhão</a> (UFMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Piau%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Piauí">Universidade Federal do Piauí</a> (UFPI)</li> <li>and many others.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_airports">International airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: International airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg/220px-Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg/330px-Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg/440px-Aeroporto_do_recife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guararapes_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Guararapes International Airport">Guararapes International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>AJU</b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Airport_(Sergipe)" title="Santa Maria Airport (Sergipe)">Santa Maria Airport (Sergipe)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a>, Sergipe</li> <li><b>MCZ</b> <a href="/wiki/Zumbi_dos_Palmares_International_Airport" title="Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport">Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macei%C3%B3" title="Maceió">Maceió</a>, Alagoas</li> <li><b>PHB</b> <a href="/wiki/Parna%C3%ADba-Prefeito_Dr._Jo%C3%A3o_Silva_Filho_International_Airport" title="Parnaíba-Prefeito Dr. João Silva Filho International Airport">Parnaíba-Prefeito Dr. João Silva Filho International Airport</a> <a href="/wiki/Parna%C3%ADba" title="Parnaíba">Parnaíba</a>, Piauí</li> <li><b>SLZ</b> <a href="/wiki/Marechal_Cunha_Machado_International_Airport" title="Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport">Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">Sao Luis</a>, Maranhão</li> <li><b>NAT</b> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Natal_International_Airport" title="Greater Natal International Airport">Greater Natal International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natal,_Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Natal, Rio Grande do Norte">Natal</a>, Rio Grande do Norte</li> <li><b>FOR</b> <a href="/wiki/Pinto_Martins_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinto Martins International Airport">Pinto Martins International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, Ceará</li> <li><b>JPA</b> <a href="/wiki/Presidente_Castro_Pinto_International_Airport" title="Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport">Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Pessoa,_Para%C3%ADba" title="João Pessoa, Paraíba">João Pessoa, Paraíba</a></li> <li><b>REC</b> <a href="/wiki/Guararapes_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Guararapes International Airport">Guararapes International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a>, Pernambuco</li> <li><b>SSA</b> <a href="/wiki/Deputado_Lu%C3%ADs_Eduardo_Magalh%C3%A3es_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport">Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, Bahia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_refineries">Oil refineries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Oil refineries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lubnor (Petrobras), Fortaleza 82,000 bbl/d (13,000 m3/d)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaports">Seaports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Seaports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_de_Fortaleza.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Porto_de_Fortaleza.png/480px-Porto_de_Fortaleza.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Porto_de_Fortaleza.png/720px-Porto_de_Fortaleza.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Porto_de_Fortaleza.png/960px-Porto_de_Fortaleza.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>Mucuripe Port in <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mucuripe port, Ceará</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suape_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Suape port">Suape port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ipojuca" title="Ipojuca">Ipojuca</a>, Pernambuco</li> <li>Aratu Port, Bahia</li> <li>Port of Itaqui,Maranhão</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petrochemical_plant">Petrochemical plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Petrochemical plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braskem" title="Braskem">Braskem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cama%C3%A7ari" title="Camaçari">Camaçari</a>, Bahia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railroads">Railroads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Railroads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planned for completion in 2013, a new railway will link Suape to the north-eastern interior.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The federal government began construction in 1990, but it was postponed due to a shortage of money and only resumed in 2006. A second branch will travel north to the port of Pecém, which is also being expanded. There, the Ceará state government is setting up an institute to provide railroad travel for 12,000 workers a year, while Petrobras is also building another refinery. Paulo Roberto Costa, its downstream director, envisages trains transporting soybeans, corn, and iron ore from the interior to the ports, and returning with oil. Journey times to Europe and America will be three or four days less than from south-eastern ports. The 1,728-km line will one day carry 30 million tonnes of cargo a year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The north–south railway and the Carajás railray in Maranhão are important logistics corridors, transporting the iron ore from the Serra dos Carajás in Pará and draining the agricultural production (<a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>) of southern Maranhão, <a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Groso</a>, to the ports of Itaqui and Ponta da Madeira, in São Luís. Other products are also transported, such as cellulose and fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mines">Mines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroelectric_dams_and_reservoirs">Hydroelectric dams and reservoirs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Hydroelectric dams and reservoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brazil counts on hydroelectricity for more than 80% of its electricity. </p><p><b>Alagoas / Sergipe </b> </p> <ul><li>Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant 3162</li></ul> <p><b>Bahia</b> </p> <ul><li>Apollonius Sales (Moxoto) Hydroelectric Power Plant 400</li> <li>Paulo Afonso Complex Hydroelectric Power Plant 1417.2</li> <li>Paulo Afonso IV Hydroelectric Power Plant 2642.4</li> <li>Sobradinho Hydroelectric Power Plant 1050</li></ul> <p><b>Maranhão</b> </p> <ul><li>Boa Esperanca (Castelo Branco) Hydroelectric Power Plant 237.4</li> <li>Estreito Hydroelectric Plant- 1.087</li></ul> <p><b>Pernambuco</b> </p> <ul><li>Luiz Gonzaga (Itaparica) Hydroelectric Power Plant 1479.6</li></ul> <p>In 2018, in <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> exploration in the Parnaíba Basin has the capacity to produce 8.4 million m<sup>3</sup> of gas per day, exploited by Eneva, with the implementation of 153 km of gas pipelines, at the cost of R $9 billion. Such production is destined for the production of electric energy in the <a href="/wiki/Parna%C3%ADba_Thermal_Power_Complex" title="Parnaíba Thermal Power Complex">Parnaíba Power Station</a>, with 1.4 GW of capacity. The thermal power stations has important composition in the generation of energy in the region, with other examples being the Campina Grande Power Starion, the Pecém Power Station and the Jorge Lacerda Power Station, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, due to low levels of reservoirs, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind energy</a> accounted for 50% of the electric power generation in the region, with the states of Rio Grande do Norte, with 3,722 MW and 137 parks; Bahia, with 2,594 MW and 100 parks; Ceará, with 1,950 MW and 75 parks; Piauí, with 1,443 MW and 52 parks; Pernambuco, with 781 MW and 34 parks; Maranhão, with 220 MW and 8 parks; and Paraíba, with 157 MW and 15 parks.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New investments, seeking to diversify the northeastern energy matrix and promote energy security, allowed in 2017 the start-up of the Solar Lapa Park (BA), with 158 MW, Solar Ituverava Park (BA), with 254 MW, and the Solar Park Nova Olinda (PI), with 292 MW, considered the largest <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station" title="Photovoltaic power station">solar parks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. In 2018, the Solar Parque Horizonte (BA) was inaugurated, with 103 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Demographics of Brazil</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rendeira2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rendeira2.jpg/180px-Rendeira2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rendeira2.jpg/270px-Rendeira2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rendeira2.jpg/360px-Rendeira2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Rendeira</a> woman from <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg/220px-Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg/330px-Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg/440px-Bloco_de_maracatu_-_olinda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Maracatu" title="Maracatu">Maracatu</a>, a cultural aspect resulted from the mix between Amerindians, Portuguese and Africans in Northeast Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg/220px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg/330px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg/440px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Conjuntivite_e_Gripe_A_-_Prefeitura_de_Olinda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3868" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption> Local health care training by the <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a> local administration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg/220px-Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg/330px-Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg/440px-Coroa_do_Meio_-_Aracaju.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="2125" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a> is the city with the best quality of life in Northeastern Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas_and_rural_areas">Urban areas and rural areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Urban areas and rural areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nordeste's major cities are almost all on the Atlantic coast. Some exceptions can be seen, however, like <a href="/wiki/Petrolina" title="Petrolina">Petrolina</a>-<a href="/wiki/Juazeiro" title="Juazeiro">Juazeiro</a> conurbation Bahia/Pernambuco (population over 500,000) on the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_River" title="São Francisco River">São Francisco River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teresina" title="Teresina">Teresina</a>-<a href="/wiki/Timon,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Timon, Maranhão">Timon</a> conurbation Piauí (population nearly 1,000,000) on the Parnaíba River. </p><p>Good rural areas are scarce and generally they are all near the coast, or in the west of Maranhão, and are mainly used for exportation products. In the semi-arid areas of the Northeast Region, rural areas do exist, but rain is scarce in the region; rural areas in the interior are generally based on subsistence agriculture. Fazendas (large farms) are common in the interior, where cattle-raising and the cultivation of tropical fruit is often practiced. Also, in the areas where water is scarce local politicians often use the promise of irrigation projects as a bargaining chip to win elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The sentence near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (January 2014)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Northeastern Brazilians are a result of the mixing of Europeans, Africans and Native Americans. African ancestry is significant particularly in the coastal areas, and especially in Bahia, Pernambuco and Maranhão. Native American ancestry is also present in all states, though more significantly in Ceará and Maranhão. Northeastern Brazilians also have a significant degree of European ancestry. </p><p>The racial makeup of the region is considered to be one of the primary reasons for which Northeastern Brazilians are often the target of prejudice and discrimination within Brazil, with other reasons including the region's comparative poverty and its leftist political leanings.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="centre" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 1em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">Skin color</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Human races">Race</a> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Multiracial</a> </td> <td>59.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Brazilian">White</a> </td> <td>26.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">Black</a> </td> <td>13.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Amerindian</a> </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Brazilian">Asian</a> </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_composition_of_Northeast_Brazil_compared_to_other_regions">Ethnic composition of Northeast Brazil compared to other regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ethnic composition of Northeast Brazil compared to other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition of the Northeast of Brazil compared to other regions of Brazil according to autosomal genetic studies focused on the Brazilian population (which has been found to be a complex melting pot of European, African and Native Americans components): </p><p>A 2015 autosomal genetic study, which also analysed data of 25 studies of 38 different Brazilian populations concluded that: European ancestry accounts for 62% of the heritage of the population, followed by the African (21%) and the Native American (17%). The European contribution is highest in Southern Brazil (77%), the African highest in Northeast Brazil (27%) and the Native American is the highest in Northern Brazil (32%).<sup id="cite_ref-onlinelibrary.wiley.com_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onlinelibrary.wiley.com-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region</b><sup id="cite_ref-onlinelibrary.wiley.com_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onlinelibrary.wiley.com-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><b>European</b> </th> <th><b>African</b> </th> <th><b>Native American</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North Region</a> </td> <td>51% </td> <td>16% </td> <td>32% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northeast Region </td> <td>58% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>15% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Central-West Region</a> </td> <td>64% </td> <td>24% </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Region</a> </td> <td>67% </td> <td>23% </td> <td>10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South Region</a> </td> <td>77% </td> <td>12% </td> <td>11% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An autosomal study from 2013, with nearly 1300 samples from all of the Brazilian regions, found a pred.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> degree of European ancestry combined with African and Native American contributions, in varying degrees. 'Following an increasing North to South gradient, European ancestry was the most prevalent in all urban populations (with values up to 74%). The populations in the North consisted of a significant proportion of Native American ancestry that was about two times higher than the African contribution. Conversely, in <i>Nordeste</i>, Center-West and Southeast, African ancestry was the second most prevalent. At an intrapopulation level, all urban populations were highly admixed, and most of the variation in ancestry proportions was observed between individuals within each population rather than among population'.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19639555-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <th><b>European</b> </th> <th><b>African</b> </th> <th><b>Native American</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North Region</a> </td> <td>51% </td> <td>17% </td> <td>32% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northeast Region </td> <td>56% </td> <td>28% </td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Central-West Region</a> </td> <td>58% </td> <td>26% </td> <td>16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Region</a> </td> <td>61% </td> <td>27% </td> <td>12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South Region</a> </td> <td>74% </td> <td>15% </td> <td>11% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A 2011 autosomal DNA study, with nearly 1000 samples from all over the country ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks"), found a major European contribution, followed by a high African contribution and an important Native American component.<sup id="cite_ref-plosone.org_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosone.org-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study showed that Brazilians from different regions are more homogeneous than previously thought by some based on the census alone. "Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, a lot greater between Brazilian regions than within Brazilian regions."<sup id="cite_ref-cienciahoje.uol.com.br_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cienciahoje.uol.com.br-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Context plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Context" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This table <b>provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit">improve the article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Provide_context_for_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">providing more context for the reader</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region<sup id="cite_ref-plosone.org_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosone.org-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <th><b>European</b> </th> <th><b>African</b> </th> <th><b>Native American</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Brazil">Northern Brazil</a> </td> <td>68.80% </td> <td>10.50% </td> <td>18.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast of Brazil">Northeast of Brazil</a> </td> <td>60.10% </td> <td>29.30% </td> <td>8.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Brazil">Southeast Brazil</a> </td> <td>74.20% </td> <td>17.30% </td> <td>7.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Brazil">Southern Brazil</a> </td> <td>79.50% </td> <td>10.30% </td> <td>9.40% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to an autosomal DNA study from 2010, a new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i> by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as colour of skin, eyes and hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies (regardless of census classification).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F(st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations."<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19639555-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Context plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Context" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This table <b>provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit">improve the article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Provide_context_for_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">providing more context for the reader</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19639555-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <th><b>European</b> </th> <th><b>African</b> </th> <th><b>Native American</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Brazil">Northern Brazil</a> </td> <td>71.10% </td> <td>18.20% </td> <td>10.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast of Brazil">Northeast of Brazil</a> </td> <td>77.40% </td> <td>13.60% </td> <td>8.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West-Central_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="West-Central Brazil">West-Central Brazil</a> </td> <td>65.90% </td> <td>18.70% </td> <td>11.80% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Region, Brazil</a> </td> <td>79.90% </td> <td>14.10% </td> <td>6.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Brazil">Southern Brazil</a> </td> <td>87.70% </td> <td>7.70% </td> <td>5.20% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An autosomal DNA study from 2009 found a similar profile "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico."<sup id="cite_ref-alvaro.com.br_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alvaro.com.br-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Context plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Context" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This table <b>provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit">improve the article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Provide_context_for_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">providing more context for the reader</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Region<sup id="cite_ref-alvaro.com.br_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alvaro.com.br-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </th> <th><b>European</b> </th> <th><b>African</b> </th> <th><b>Native American</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Brazil">Northern Brazil</a> </td> <td>60.6% </td> <td>21.3% </td> <td>18.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast of Brazil">Northeast of Brazil</a> </td> <td>66.7% </td> <td>23.3% </td> <td>10.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West-Central_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="West-Central Brazil">West-Central Brazil</a> </td> <td>66.3% </td> <td>21.7% </td> <td>12.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Region, Brazil</a> </td> <td>60.7% </td> <td>32.0% </td> <td>7.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Brazil">Southern Brazil</a> </td> <td>81.5% </td> <td>9.3% </td> <td>9.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to another autosomal DNA study from 2008, by the University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65.90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24.80%) and the Native American (9.3%); the European ancestry being the dominant ancestry in all regions including the Northeast of Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study from 1965, "Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population" (<i>Human Biology</i>, vol 37, number 1), led by the geneticists D. F. Roberts e R. W. Hiorns, found out the average the Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion in Brazil</a></div> <p><i>Nordeste</i> has the largest percentage of Roman Catholics of any region of the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Culture of Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/220px-Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/330px-Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg/440px-Chuva_de_Bala_no_pa%C3%ADs_de_Mossor%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Festa_Junina" title="Festa Junina">Festa Junina</a> celebration in <a href="/wiki/Mossor%C3%B3" title="Mossoró">Mossoró</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco,_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/220px-Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/330px-Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg/440px-Bonecos_de_Olinda_-_Pernambuco%2C_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3843" data-file-height="2565" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg/225px-Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg/338px-Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg/450px-Castel%C3%A3o_Arena_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> plays an important role on the Northeastern Region of Brazil. Photo:Castelão Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Literatura_de_cordel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Literatura_de_cordel.jpg/180px-Literatura_de_cordel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Literatura_de_cordel.jpg/270px-Literatura_de_cordel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Literatura_de_cordel.jpg/360px-Literatura_de_cordel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cordel_literature" title="Cordel literature">Cordel literature</a> is a literary genre very popular in the Northeast of Brazil; according to the poet <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Drummond_de_Andrade" title="Carlos Drummond de Andrade">Carlos Drummond de Andrade</a>, it is one of the purest manifestations of the inventive spirit, the sense of humor and the critical capacity of Brazilians from the interior and of the humblest backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p><i>Nordeste</i> has a rich culture, with its unique constructions in the old centers of <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a>, dance (<a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">frevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maracatu" title="Maracatu">maracatu</a>), music (<a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%A9" title="Axé">axé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">forró</a>) and unique cuisine. Dishes particular to the region include <a href="/wiki/Carne_de_sol" class="mw-redirect" title="Carne de sol">carne de sol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farofa" title="Farofa">farofa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">acarajé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vatap%C3%A1" title="Vatapá">vatapá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%A7oca" title="Paçoca">paçoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canjica" title="Canjica">canjica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamonha" title="Pamonha">pamonha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quibebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Quibebe">quibebe</a>, bolo de fubá cozido, sururu de capote and many others. Salvador was the first Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capital</a>. </p><p>The festival of <a href="/wiki/Mata_de_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Mata de São João">São João</a> (Saint John), one of the <a href="/wiki/Festas_juninas" class="mw-redirect" title="Festas juninas">festas juninas</a>, is especially popular in <i>Nordeste</i>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Caruaru" title="Caruaru">Caruaru</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campina_Grande" title="Campina Grande">Campina Grande</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>. The festival takes place once a year in June. As <i>Nordeste</i> is mostly arid or semi-arid, the Northeasters give thanks to Saint John for the rainfall that typical falls this time of year, which greatly helps the farmers with their crops. And because this time of year also coincides with the corn harvest many regional dishes containing corn, such as canjica, pamonha, and milho verde, have become part of the cultural tradition. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-Meu-Boi</a> festival is also popular, especially in the state of <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>. During the Bumba-Meu-Bói festival in the city of São Luis do Maranhão and its environs there are many different groups, with elaborate costumes and different styles of music, which are called sotaques: sotaque de orquestra, as the names implies, uses an orchestra of saxophones, clarinets, flutes, banjos, drums, etc.; sotaque de zabumba employs primarily very large drums; and sotaque de matraca, a percussion instrument made of two pieces of wood that you carry in your hands and hit against each other. Some matracas are very large and are carried around the neck. </p><p>Many major cities in <i>Nordeste</i> also hold an off-season <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnaval</a> (or "micareta"), such as the <a href="/wiki/Carnatal" title="Carnatal">Carnatal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Natal,_Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Natal, Rio Grande do Norte">Natal</a> or the Fortal in <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>. Since its inception in 1991, Carnatal has become the largest off-season carnaval in Brazil. The event takes place once a year, in December, and draws roughly one million participants. The Fortal, meanwhile, takes place every July. Held in a stadium called Cidade Fortal, the Fortal is considered the largest indoor off-season carnaval in Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Brazil socio-geographic division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste (socio-geographic division)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_do_Nordeste" title="Banco do Nordeste">Banco do Nordeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcia_d%27%C3%81vila_Tower_House" title="Garcia d'Ávila Tower House">Garcia d'Ávila Tower House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eletrobras" title="Eletrobras">Eletrobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_River" title="São Francisco River">São Francisco River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought_in_Northeastern_Brazil" title="Drought in Northeastern Brazil">Drought in Northeastern Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudene" title="Sudene">Sudene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_northeastern_migration" title="Brazilian northeastern migration">Brazilian northeastern migration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>AJU</b> Santa Maria Airport (Sergipe), Aracaju, Sergipe; <b>MCZ</b> Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport, Maceió, Alagoas; <b>PHB</b> Parnaíba-Prefeito Dr. João Silva Filho International Airport Parnaíba, Piauí; <b>SLZ</b> Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport, São Luís, Maranhão; <b>NAT</b> Augusto Severo International Airport, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte; <b>FOR</b> Pinto Martins International Airport, Fortaleza, Ceará; <b>JPA</b> Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport, João Pessoa, Paraíba, <b>REC</b> Guararapes International Airport, Recife, Pernambuco; <b>SSA</b> Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport, Salvador, Bahia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">by the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística">Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística</a> (IBGE), an agency of the Brazilian federal administration</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of the Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceicdata.com/en/brazil/population-census-by-region/population-census-northeast">"Population Census: Northeast"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Census%3A+Northeast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceicdata.com%2Fen%2Fbrazil%2Fpopulation-census-by-region%2Fpopulation-census-northeast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bge-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bge_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html">"PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=PIB+por+Unidade+da+Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibge.gov.br%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Feconomic%2Fnational-accounts%2F19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/breve-retrato-economico-da-regiao-nordeste">"Breve retrato econômico da região Nordeste | Blog do IBRE"</a>. <i>blogdoibre.fgv.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blogdoibre.fgv.br&rft.atitle=Breve+retrato+econ%C3%B4mico+da+regi%C3%A3o+Nordeste+%7C+Blog+do+IBRE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogdoibre.fgv.br%2Fposts%2Fbreve-retrato-economico-da-regiao-nordeste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarmany2011" class="citation journal cs1">Garmany, Jeff (2011). "Situating Fortaleza: Urban space and uneven development in northeastern Brazil". <i>Cities</i>. <b>28</b> (1). Elsevier: <span class="nowrap">45–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cities.2010.08.004">10.1016/j.cities.2010.08.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cities&rft.atitle=Situating+Fortaleza%3A+Urban+space+and+uneven+development+in+northeastern+Brazil&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cities.2010.08.004&rft.aulast=Garmany&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG1Paulo2010" class="citation web cs1">G1, Do; Paulo, em São (December 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2010/12/confira-o-ranking-das-maiores-regioes-metropolitanas.html">"Confira o ranking das maiores regiões metropolitanas"</a>. <i>Brasil</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brasil&rft.atitle=Confira+o+ranking+das+maiores+regi%C3%B5es+metropolitanas&rft.date=2010-12-04&rft.aulast=G1&rft.aufirst=Do&rft.au=Paulo%2C+em+S%C3%A3o&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fbrasil%2Fnoticia%2F2010%2F12%2Fconfira-o-ranking-das-maiores-regioes-metropolitanas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritoCunhaCunninghamAlvalá2018" class="citation journal cs1">Brito, S. S. B.; Cunha, A. P. M. A.; Cunningham, C. C.; Alvalá, R. C.; Marengo, J. A.; Carvalho, M. A. (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.5225">"Frequency, duration and severity of drought in the Semiarid Northeast Brazil region"</a>. <i>International Journal of Climatology</i>. <b>38</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">517–</span>529. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJCli..38..517B">2018IJCli..38..517B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.5225">10.1002/joc.5225</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134280349">134280349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Climatology&rft.atitle=Frequency%2C+duration+and+severity+of+drought+in+the+Semiarid+Northeast+Brazil+region&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E517-%3C%2Fspan%3E529&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A134280349%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjoc.5225&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018IJCli..38..517B&rft.aulast=Brito&rft.aufirst=S.+S.+B.&rft.au=Cunha%2C+A.+P.+M.+A.&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+C.+C.&rft.au=Alval%C3%A1%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Marengo%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+M.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjoc.5225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLemos2008" class="citation web cs1">Lemos, Maria Carmen (2008-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/drought-governance-and-adaptive-capacity-north-east-brazil">"Drought, Governance and Adaptive Capacity in North East Brazil: A Case Study of Ceará"</a>. <i>hdr.undp.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824014751/https://hdr.undp.org/content/drought-governance-and-adaptive-capacity-north-east-brazil">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdr.undp.org&rft.atitle=Drought%2C+Governance+and+Adaptive+Capacity+in+North+East+Brazil%3A+A+Case+Study+of+Cear%C3%A1&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.aulast=Lemos&rft.aufirst=Maria+Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fdrought-governance-and-adaptive-capacity-north-east-brazil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarengoBernasconi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Marengo, JA; Bernasconi, M (2014). "Regional differences in aridity/drought conditions over Northeast Brazil: present state and future projections". <i>Climatic Change</i>. <b>129</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1310-1">10.1007/s10584-014-1310-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154775418">154775418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Regional+differences+in+aridity%2Fdrought+conditions+over+Northeast+Brazil%3A+present+state+and+future+projections&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E105&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10584-014-1310-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154775418%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Marengo&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Bernasconi%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampos2015" class="citation journal cs1">Campos, J.N.B. (21 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392109">"Paradigms and Public Policies on Drought in Northeast Brazil: A Historical Perspective"</a>. <i>Environmental Management</i>. <b>55</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1052–</span>1063. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EnMan..55.1052C">2015EnMan..55.1052C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00267-015-0444-x">10.1007/s00267-015-0444-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392109">4392109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25604214">25604214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Paradigms+and+Public+Policies+on+Drought+in+Northeast+Brazil%3A+A+Historical+Perspective&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1052-%3C%2Fspan%3E1063&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4392109%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25604214&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00267-015-0444-x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015EnMan..55.1052C&rft.aulast=Campos&rft.aufirst=J.N.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4392109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNilson_B._Campos2014" class="citation journal cs1">Nilson B. Campos, José (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0103-40142014000300005">"Secas e políticas públicas no semiárido: ideias, pensadores e períodos"</a>. <i>Estudos Avançados</i>. <b>28</b> (82): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0103-40142014000300005">10.1590/S0103-40142014000300005</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudos+Avan%C3%A7ados&rft.atitle=Secas+e+pol%C3%ADticas+p%C3%BAblicas+no+semi%C3%A1rido%3A+ideias%2C+pensadores+e+per%C3%ADodos&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=82&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0103-40142014000300005&rft.aulast=Nilson+B.+Campos&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS0103-40142014000300005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooperman2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cooperman, Alicia (5 June 2020). "(Un)Natural Disasters: Distributive Politics in Northeast Brazil". <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.3598331">10.2139/ssrn.3598331</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241965457">241965457</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3598331">3598331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%28Un%29Natural+Disasters%3A+Distributive+Politics+in+Northeast+Brazil&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241965457%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3598331%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.3598331&rft.aulast=Cooperman&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFaria" class="citation web cs1">Faria, Caroline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoescola.com/geografia/industria-da-seca/">"Indústria da Seca"</a>. <i>InfoEscola</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoEscola&rft.atitle=Ind%C3%BAstria+da+Seca&rft.aulast=Faria&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoescola.com%2Fgeografia%2Findustria-da-seca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooperman2016" class="citation web cs1">Cooperman, Alicia (13 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823223710/https://blog.mpsanet.org/2016/09/13/distributive-politics-in-ne-brazil/">"(Un)Natural Disasters: Distributive Politics in Northeast Brazil"</a>. <i>MPSA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mpsanet.org/2016/09/13/distributive-politics-in-ne-brazil/">the original</a> on 23 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPSA&rft.atitle=%28Un%29Natural+Disasters%3A+Distributive+Politics+in+Northeast+Brazil&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.aulast=Cooperman&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mpsanet.org%2F2016%2F09%2F13%2Fdistributive-politics-in-ne-brazil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerreira1993" class="citation book cs1">Ferreira, Lúcia de Fátima Guerra (1993). <i>Raizes da industria da seca : o caso da Paraiba</i>. João Pessoa: EDUFPB.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raizes+da+industria+da+seca+%3A+o+caso+da+Paraiba&rft.place=Jo%C3%A3o+Pessoa&rft.pub=EDUFPB&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=L%C3%BAcia+de+F%C3%A1tima+Guerra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarinho_Alves_da_Silva2003" class="citation journal cs1">Marinho Alves da Silva, Roberto (December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0102-69922003000100017">"Entre dois paradigmas: combate à seca e convivência com o semi-árido"</a>. <i>Sociedade e Estado</i>. <b>18</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">361–</span>385. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0102-69922003000100017">10.1590/S0102-69922003000100017</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociedade+e+Estado&rft.atitle=Entre+dois+paradigmas%3A+combate+%C3%A0+seca+e+conviv%C3%AAncia+com+o+semi-%C3%A1rido&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E361-%3C%2Fspan%3E385&rft.date=2003-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0102-69922003000100017&rft.aulast=Marinho+Alves+da+Silva&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252FS0102-69922003000100017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metraux-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metraux_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metraux_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMétraux1927" class="citation journal cs1">Métraux, A. (1927). "Migrations historiques des Tupi-Guarani". <i>Journal de la Société des américainistes</i>. <b>19</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fjsa.1927.3618">10.3406/jsa.1927.3618</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24719658">24719658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+am%C3%A9ricainistes&rft.atitle=Migrations+historiques+des+Tupi-Guarani&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fjsa.1927.3618&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24719658%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9traux&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbellGrondona2012" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pA-ryJRcG3AC&pg=PR9"><i>The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110258035" title="Special:BookSources/9783110258035"><bdi>9783110258035</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indigenous+Languages+of+South+America%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9783110258035&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft.au=Grondona%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpA-ryJRcG3AC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Caroline A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5IASq7hb71kC&q=tupi%20brazil%20north%20east&pg=PA117"><i>Bridging the Early Modern Atlantic World: People, Products, and Practices on the Move</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409480372" title="Special:BookSources/9781409480372"><bdi>9781409480372</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridging+the+Early+Modern+Atlantic+World%3A+People%2C+Products%2C+and+Practices+on+the+Move&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781409480372&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Caroline+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5IASq7hb71kC%26q%3Dtupi%2520brazil%2520north%2520east%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1921" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Thomas J. (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesuits15341921h00camp/page/82/mode/2up"><i>The Jesuits, 1534–1921: A History of the Society of Jesus from Its Foundation to the Present Time</i></a>. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878210183" title="Special:BookSources/9780878210183"><bdi>9780878210183</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jesuits%2C+1534%E2%80%931921%3A+A+History+of+the+Society+of+Jesus+from+Its+Foundation+to+the+Present+Time&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Encyclopedia+Press&rft.date=1921&rft.isbn=9780878210183&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesuits15341921h00camp%2Fpage%2F82%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meuwese-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meuwese_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meuwese_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeuwese2003" class="citation thesis cs1">Meuwese, Marcus P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curate.nd.edu/show/6m311n81g6m"><i>"For the Peace and Well-Being of the Country": Intercultural Mediators and Dutch-Indian Relations in New Netherland and Dutch Brazil, 1600–1664</i></a> (Thesis). University Of Notre Dame. p. 184<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=%22For+the+Peace+and+Well-Being+of+the+Country%22%3A+Intercultural+Mediators+and+Dutch-Indian+Relations+in+New+Netherland+and+Dutch+Brazil%2C+1600%E2%80%931664&rft.inst=University+Of+Notre+Dame&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Meuwese&rft.aufirst=Marcus+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurate.nd.edu%2Fshow%2F6m311n81g6m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Caroline A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5IASq7hb71kC&q=tupi%20brazil%20north%20east&pg=PA17"><i>Bridging the Early Modern Atlantic World: People, Products, and Practices on the Move</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409480372" title="Special:BookSources/9781409480372"><bdi>9781409480372</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bridging+the+Early+Modern+Atlantic+World%3A+People%2C+Products%2C+and+Practices+on+the+Move&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781409480372&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Caroline+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5IASq7hb71kC%26q%3Dtupi%2520brazil%2520north%2520east%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell2001" class="citation journal cs1">Maxwell, Kenneth (2001). "The Spark: Pombal, the Amazon and the Jesuits". <i>Portuguese Studies</i>. <b>17</b>: 175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fport.2001.0008">10.1353/port.2001.0008</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41105166">41105166</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245842417">245842417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portuguese+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Spark%3A+Pombal%2C+the+Amazon+and+the+Jesuits&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=175&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245842417%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41105166%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fport.2001.0008&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraden1996" class="citation journal cs1">Graden, Dale T. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409210505/http://abolition.nypl.org/content/docs/text/act_public_security.pdf">"An Act "Even of Public Security": Slave Resistance, Social Tensions, and the End of the International Slave Trade to Brazil, 1835–1856"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hispanic American Historical Review</i>. <b>76</b> (2): 240. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abolition.nypl.org/content/docs/text/act_public_security.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=An+Act+%22Even+of+Public+Security%22%3A+Slave+Resistance%2C+Social+Tensions%2C+and+the+End+of+the+International+Slave+Trade+to+Brazil%2C+1835%E2%80%931856&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=240&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Graden&rft.aufirst=Dale+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabolition.nypl.org%2Fcontent%2Fdocs%2Ftext%2Fact_public_security.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarengoTorresAlves2016" class="citation journal cs1">Marengo, Jose A.; Torres, Roger Rodrigues; Alves, Lincoln Muniz (2016-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-016-1840-8">"Drought in Northeast Brazil—past, present, and future"</a>. <i>Theoretical and Applied Climatology</i>. <b>129</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">1189–</span>1200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00704-016-1840-8">10.1007/s00704-016-1840-8</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+and+Applied+Climatology&rft.atitle=Drought+in+Northeast+Brazil%E2%80%94past%2C+present%2C+and+future&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1189-%3C%2Fspan%3E1200&rft.date=2016-06-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00704-016-1840-8&rft.aulast=Marengo&rft.aufirst=Jose+A.&rft.au=Torres%2C+Roger+Rodrigues&rft.au=Alves%2C+Lincoln+Muniz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00704-016-1840-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCavalcanti" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cavalcanti, Maria Clara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://querobolsa.com.br/enem/historia-brasil/guerra-de-canudos">"Guerra de Canudos: um resumo de como foi a revolta"</a>. <i>Quero Bolsa</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127023642/https://querobolsa.com.br/enem/historia-brasil/guerra-de-canudos">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quero+Bolsa&rft.atitle=Guerra+de+Canudos%3A+um+resumo+de+como+foi+a+revolta&rft.aulast=Cavalcanti&rft.aufirst=Maria+Clara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquerobolsa.com.br%2Fenem%2Fhistoria-brasil%2Fguerra-de-canudos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArdissao" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ardissao, Marcell de Oliveira. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historiadomundo.com.br/idade-contemporanea/cangaco.htm">"Cangaço: o que foi, resumo, consequências"</a>. <i>História do Mundo</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+do+Mundo&rft.atitle=Canga%C3%A7o%3A+o+que+foi%2C+resumo%2C+consequ%C3%AAncias&rft.aulast=Ardissao&rft.aufirst=Marcell+de+Oliveira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historiadomundo.com.br%2Fidade-contemporanea%2Fcangaco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://descomplica.com.br/blog/5-perguntas-e-respostas-sobre-a-sudene/">"Você sabe o que é SUDENE? Tire todas as suas dúvidas aqui!"</a>. <i>Descomplica</i>. 2014-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Descomplica&rft.atitle=Voc%C3%AA+sabe+o+que+%C3%A9+SUDENE%3F+Tire+todas+as+suas+d%C3%BAvidas+aqui%21&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdescomplica.com.br%2Fblog%2F5-perguntas-e-respostas-sobre-a-sudene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLimaLima2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lima, Ana Carolina da Cruz; Lima, João Policarpo Rodrigues (October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scielo.br/j/ecos/a/Yjp6vCWY5pxXRw84xGtdyVk/?lang=pt">"Programas de desenvolvimento local na região Nordeste do Brasil: uma avaliação preliminar da "guerra fiscal"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Economia e Sociedade</i> (in Portuguese). <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">557–</span>588. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2FS0104-06182010000300006">10.1590/S0104-06182010000300006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0104-0618">0104-0618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economia+e+Sociedade&rft.atitle=Programas+de+desenvolvimento+local+na+regi%C3%A3o+Nordeste+do+Brasil%3A+uma+avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o+preliminar+da+%22guerra+fiscal%22&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E557-%3C%2Fspan%3E588&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0104-06182010000300006&rft.issn=0104-0618&rft.aulast=Lima&rft.aufirst=Ana+Carolina+da+Cruz&rft.au=Lima%2C+Jo%C3%A3o+Policarpo+Rodrigues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fj%2Fecos%2Fa%2FYjp6vCWY5pxXRw84xGtdyVk%2F%3Flang%3Dpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sogeografia.com.br/Conteudos/GeografiaFisica/Brasil/regiaonordeste4.php">"Indústria na Região Nordeste do Brasil"</a>. <i>Só Geografia</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B3+Geografia&rft.atitle=Ind%C3%BAstria+na+Regi%C3%A3o+Nordeste+do+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sogeografia.com.br%2FConteudos%2FGeografiaFisica%2FBrasil%2Fregiaonordeste4.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saladeimprensa.ibge.gov.br/noticias?view=noticia&id=1&busca=1&idnoticia=3315">Produto Interno Bruto – PIB e participação das Grandes Regiões e Unidades da Federação – 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cp_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/brazil-metro.php">"Brazil: Metropolitan Areas"</a>. citypopulation.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil%3A+Metropolitan+Areas&rft.pub=citypopulation.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fbrazil-metro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/23038-contas-regionais-2016-entre-as-27-unidades-da-federacao-somente-roraima-teve-crescimento-do-pib">"Contas Regionais 2016: entre as 27 unidades da federação, somente Roraima teve crescimento do PIB"</a>. <i>Agência de Notícias - Ibge</i>. 16 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ag%C3%AAncia+de+Not%C3%ADcias+-+Ibge&rft.atitle=Contas+Regionais+2016%3A+entre+as+27+unidades+da+federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+somente+Roraima+teve+crescimento+do+PIB&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br%2Fagencia-sala-de-imprensa%2F2013-agencia-de-noticias%2Freleases%2F23038-contas-regionais-2016-entre-as-27-unidades-da-federacao-somente-roraima-teve-crescimento-do-pib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLígia_Albuquerque_de_Melo2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lígia Albuquerque de Melo (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091207000644/http://www.fundaj.gov.br/tpd/127.html">"A realidade da produtora rural na seca nordestina"</a>. <i>Trabalhos para Discussão n. 127</i> (in Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundaj.gov.br/tpd/127.html">the original</a> on 7 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trabalhos+para+Discuss%C3%A3o+n.+127&rft.atitle=A+realidade+da+produtora+rural+na+seca+nordestina&rft.date=2001-11&rft.au=L%C3%ADgia+Albuquerque+de+Melo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundaj.gov.br%2Ftpd%2F127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628161559/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4296541/61_coco.pdf/c172dd8f-3044-f1db-5d0c-a94c5eb735e0">"PRODUÇÃO DE COCO: O NORDESTE É DESTAQUE NACIONAL"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4296541/61_coco.pdf/c172dd8f-3044-f1db-5d0c-a94c5eb735e0">the original</a> on 2020-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PRODU%C3%87%C3%83O+DE+COCO%3A+O+NORDESTE+%C3%89+DESTAQUE+NACIONAL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnb.gov.br%2Fdocuments%2F80223%2F4296541%2F61_coco.pdf%2Fc172dd8f-3044-f1db-5d0c-a94c5eb735e0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917060950/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4141162/54_caju.pdf/95e65093-50e1-b48d-ab01-15f3a8f690b4">"CAJUCULTURA NORDESTINA EM RECUPERAÇÃO"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/80223/4141162/54_caju.pdf/95e65093-50e1-b48d-ab01-15f3a8f690b4">the original</a> on 2020-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CAJUCULTURA+NORDESTINA+EM+RECUPERA%C3%87%C3%83O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnb.gov.br%2Fdocuments%2F80223%2F4141162%2F54_caju.pdf%2F95e65093-50e1-b48d-ab01-15f3a8f690b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceE-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceE_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/economia/agronegocios/globo-rural/noticia/2019/11/03/lideranca-na-producao-brasileira-de-cacau-volta-para-casa-no-para-com-a-uniao-de-agricultores.ghtml">"Pará retoma liderança na produção brasileira de cacau, com a união de agricultores"</a>. <i>G1</i>. 3 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=Par%C3%A1+retoma+lideran%C3%A7a+na+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+cacau%2C+com+a+uni%C3%A3o+de+agricultores&rft.date=2019-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Feconomia%2Fagronegocios%2Fglobo-rural%2Fnoticia%2F2019%2F11%2F03%2Flideranca-na-producao-brasileira-de-cacau-volta-para-casa-no-para-com-a-uniao-de-agricultores.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bnb.gov.br-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bnb.gov.br_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626112534/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/4128151/181_06_11_2018.pdf/d1d4290d-1d9e-a214-f50a-9ce50ced36be">"Produção de cana de açúcar no Nordeste"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/4128151/181_06_11_2018.pdf/d1d4290d-1d9e-a214-f50a-9ce50ced36be">the original</a> on 2020-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+cana+de+a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar+no+Nordeste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnb.gov.br%2Fdocuments%2F1342439%2F4128151%2F181_06_11_2018.pdf%2Fd1d4290d-1d9e-a214-f50a-9ce50ced36be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceF-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceF_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/ba/bahia/noticia/2019/06/08/segundo-maior-produtor-de-algodao-do-pais-bahia-tem-previsao-de-15percent-de-crescimento-da-safra.ghtml">"Segundo maior produtor de algodão do país, Bahia tem previsão de 15% de crescimento da safra"</a>. <i>G1</i>. 8 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=Segundo+maior+produtor+de+algod%C3%A3o+do+pa%C3%ADs%2C+Bahia+tem+previs%C3%A3o+de+15%25+de+crescimento+da+safra&rft.date=2019-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fba%2Fbahia%2Fnoticia%2F2019%2F06%2F08%2Fsegundo-maior-produtor-de-algodao-do-pais-bahia-tem-previsao-de-15percent-de-crescimento-da-safra.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cidadeverde.com-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cidadeverde.com/noticias/307537/producao-de-graos-cresce-14-e-piaui-se-consolida-como-3-maior-produtor-do-nordeste">"Produção de grãos cresce 14% e Piauí se consolida como 3º maior produtor do Nordeste"</a>. <i>CidadeVerde.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CidadeVerde.com&rft.atitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+gr%C3%A3os+cresce+14%25+e+Piau%C3%AD+se+consolida+como+3%C2%BA+maior+produtor+do+Nordeste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcidadeverde.com%2Fnoticias%2F307537%2Fproducao-de-graos-cresce-14-e-piaui-se-consolida-como-3-maior-produtor-do-nordeste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agroolhar.com.br-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agroolhar.com.br_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agroolhar.com.br/noticias/exibir.asp?id=25834&noticia=mt-segue-como-lider-isolado-na-producao-de-algodao-e-safra-sobe-para-65-em-201718">"MT segue como líder isolado na produção de algodão e safra sobe para 65% em 2017/18"</a>. <i>Olhar Direto</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olhar+Direto&rft.atitle=MT+segue+como+l%C3%ADder+isolado+na+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+algod%C3%A3o+e+safra+sobe+para+65%25+em+2017%2F18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agroolhar.com.br%2Fnoticias%2Fexibir.asp%3Fid%3D25834%26noticia%3Dmt-segue-como-lider-isolado-na-producao-de-algodao-e-safra-sobe-para-65-em-201718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canalrural.com.br/projeto-soja-brasil/noticia/brasil-deve-colher-maior-producao-de-soja-da-historia-diz-conab/">"Brasil deve colher maior produção de soja da história, diz Conab"</a>. <i>Canal Rural</i>. October 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canal+Rural&rft.atitle=Brasil+deve+colher+maior+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+soja+da+hist%C3%B3ria%2C+diz+Conab&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canalrural.com.br%2Fprojeto-soja-brasil%2Fnoticia%2Fbrasil-deve-colher-maior-producao-de-soja-da-historia-diz-conab%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928153038/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/3950249/172_22_10_2018.pdf/46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25">"Produção de Milho no Nordeste"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/3950249/172_22_10_2018.pdf/46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25">the original</a> on September 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Milho+no+Nordeste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnb.gov.br%2Fdocuments%2F1342439%2F3950249%2F172_22_10_2018.pdf%2F46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agricultura.pr.gov.br-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agricultura.pr.gov.br_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agricultura.pr.gov.br/sites/default/arquivos_restritos/files/documento/2019-09/feijao_2019_v1.pdf">"Feijão – Análise da Conjuntura Agropecuária"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feij%C3%A3o+%E2%80%93+An%C3%A1lise+da+Conjuntura+Agropecu%C3%A1ria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agricultura.pr.gov.br%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Farquivos_restritos%2Ffiles%2Fdocumento%2F2019-09%2Ffeijao_2019_v1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceI-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceI_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mandioca/b1_mandioca.pdf">"Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+mandioca+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fmandioca%2Fb1_mandioca.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceJ-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceJ_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/laranja/b1_laranja.pdf">"Produção brasileira de laranja em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+laranja+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Flaranja%2Fb1_laranja.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceG-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceG_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/ba/bahia/avanca/noticia/2019/05/21/cultivo-de-manga-e-destaque-no-norte-da-bahia-estado-e-o-2o-maior-produtor-de-frutas-do-pais.ghtml">"Cultivo de manga é destaque no norte da Bahia; estado é o 2º maior produtor de frutas do país"</a>. <i>G1</i>. 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=Cultivo+de+manga+%C3%A9+destaque+no+norte+da+Bahia%3B+estado+%C3%A9+o+2%C2%BA+maior+produtor+de+frutas+do+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fba%2Fbahia%2Favanca%2Fnoticia%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2Fcultivo-de-manga-e-destaque-no-norte-da-bahia-estado-e-o-2o-maior-produtor-de-frutas-do-pais.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLine2019" class="citation web cs1">Line, A. TARDE On (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarde.com.br/municipios/noticias/2024389-dez-tipos-de-frutas-da-bahia-estao-entre-as-mais-produzidas-no-pais">"Dez tipos de frutas da Bahia estão entre as mais produzidas no país"</a>. <i>Portal A TARDE</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+A+TARDE&rft.atitle=Dez+tipos+de+frutas+da+Bahia+est%C3%A3o+entre+as+mais+produzidas+no+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=A.+TARDE+On&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarde.com.br%2Fmunicipios%2Fnoticias%2F2024389-dez-tipos-de-frutas-da-bahia-estao-entre-as-mais-produzidas-no-pais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunadonorte.com.br/noticia/cana-de-aa-aocar-e-mela-o-lideram-produa-a-o-no-rn/392875">"Cana-de-açúcar e melão lideram produção no RN - 22/09/2017 - Notícia - Tribuna do Norte"</a>. <i>www.tribunadonorte.com.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tribunadonorte.com.br&rft.atitle=Cana-de-a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar+e+mel%C3%A3o+lideram+produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+no+RN+-+22%2F09%2F2017+-+Not%C3%ADcia+-+Tribuna+do+Norte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunadonorte.com.br%2Fnoticia%2Fcana-de-aa-aocar-e-mela-o-lideram-produa-a-o-no-rn%2F392875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpatsa.embrapa.br:8080/sistema_producao/spmelao/socioeconomia.html">"Socioeconomia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Socioeconomia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpatsa.embrapa.br%3A8080%2Fsistema_producao%2Fspmelao%2Fsocioeconomia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceD-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceD_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mamao/b1_mamao.pdf">"Produção brasileira de mamão em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+mam%C3%A3o+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fmamao%2Fb1_mamao.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnpmf.embrapa.br-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnpmf.embrapa.br_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/banana/b1_banana.pdf">"Produção brasileira de banana em 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+banana+em+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fbanana%2Fb1_banana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceH-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceH_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/abacaxi/b1_abacaxi.pdf">"Produção brasileira de abacaxi em 2018, Embrapa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+brasileira+de+abacaxi+em+2018%2C+Embrapa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnpmf.embrapa.br%2FBase_de_Dados%2Findex_pdf%2Fdados%2Fbrasil%2Fabacaxi%2Fb1_abacaxi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valor.globo.com-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-valor.globo.com_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valor.globo.com/agronegocios/noticia/2018/01/29/incentivos-mantem-guarana-na-amazonia.ghtml">"Incentivos mantêm guaraná na Amazônia"</a>. <i>Valor Econômico</i>. 29 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Valor+Econ%C3%B4mico&rft.atitle=Incentivos+mant%C3%AAm+guaran%C3%A1+na+Amaz%C3%B4nia&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvalor.globo.com%2Fagronegocios%2Fnoticia%2F2018%2F01%2F29%2Fincentivos-mantem-guarana-na-amazonia.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">"PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados"</a>. <i>Agência de Notícias - Ibge</i>. 27 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ag%C3%AAncia+de+Not%C3%ADcias+-+Ibge&rft.atitle=PPM+2017%3A+Rebanho+bovino+predomina+no+Centro-Oeste+e+Mato+Grosso+lidera+entre+os+estados&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br%2Fagencia-sala-de-imprensa%2F2013-agencia-de-noticias%2Freleases%2F22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/anm/pt-br/pagina-inicial">"ANM"</a>. <i>Agência Nacional de Mineração</i>. 10 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ag%C3%AAncia+Nacional+de+Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.atitle=ANM&rft.date=2024-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.br%2Fanm%2Fpt-br%2Fpagina-inicial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.r7.com/brasil/brasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019">"Brasil extrai cerca de 2 gramas de ouro por habitante em 5 anos"</a>. <i>R7.com</i>. June 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R7.com&rft.atitle=Brasil+extrai+cerca+de+2+gramas+de+ouro+por+habitante+em+5+anos&rft.date=2019-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.r7.com%2Fbrasil%2Fbrasil-extrai-cerca-de-2-gramas-de-ouro-por-habitante-em-5-anos-29062019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Economia_Negocios/0,,MUL190262-9356,00-VOTORANTIM+METAIS+ADQUIRE+RESERVAS+DE+ZINCO+DA+MASA.html">"G1 > Economia e Negócios - NOTÍCIAS - Votorantim Metais adquire reservas de zinco da Masa"</a>. <i>g1.globo.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=g1.globo.com&rft.atitle=G1+%3E+Economia+e+Neg%C3%B3cios+-+NOT%C3%8DCIAS+-+Votorantim+Metais+adquire+reservas+de+zinco+da+Masa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2FNoticias%2FEconomia_Negocios%2F0%2C%2CMUL190262-9356%2C00-VOTORANTIM%2BMETAIS%2BADQUIRE%2BRESERVAS%2BDE%2BZINCO%2BDA%2BMASA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/12/12/niobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml">"Nióbio: G1 visita em MG complexo industrial do maior produtor do mundo"</a>. <i>G1</i>. 12 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=Ni%C3%B3bio%3A+G1+visita+em+MG+complexo+industrial+do+maior+produtor+do+mundo&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F2019%2F12%2F12%2Fniobio-g1-visita-em-mg-complexo-industrial-do-maior-produtor-do-mundo.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/ba">Bahia Industry Profile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/pe">Industry Profile of Pernambuco</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/ce">Industry Profile of Ceará</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/ma">Profile of Maranhão Industry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/rn">Industry Profile of Rio Grande do Norte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/pb">Paraíba Industry Profile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/se">"Industry Profile of Sergipe"</a>. <i>portaldaindustria.com.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portaldaindustria.com.br&rft.atitle=Industry+Profile+of+Sergipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br%2Festado%2Fse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfil.portaldaindustria.com.br/">"CNI - Perfil da Indústria nos Estados"</a>. <i>perfil.portaldaindustria.com.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=perfil.portaldaindustria.com.br&rft.atitle=CNI+-+Perfil+da+Ind%C3%BAstria+nos+Estados&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperfil.portaldaindustria.com.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/pi">Industry Profile of Piauí</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdic.gov.br/index.php/competitividade-industrial/setor-automotivo">"Setor Automotivo"</a>. <i>www.mdic.gov.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mdic.gov.br&rft.atitle=Setor+Automotivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdic.gov.br%2Findex.php%2Fcompetitividade-industrial%2Fsetor-automotivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/o-novo-mapa-das-montadoras/">"O novo mapa das montadoras, que agora rumam para o interior do País"</a>. Mar 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Aug 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+novo+mapa+das+montadoras%2C+que+agora+rumam+para+o+interior+do+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2019-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istoedinheiro.com.br%2Fo-novo-mapa-das-montadoras%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://institutoacobrasil.net.br/site/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AcoBrasil_Mini_anuario_2019.pdf">A Siderurgia em Números 2019, página 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCE2013" class="citation web cs1">CE, Do G1 (November 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/ceara/noticia/2013/11/fortaleza-tem-2-maior-populacao-em-favela-entre-cidades-do-nordeste.html">"Fortaleza tem a 2ª maior população em favela entre cidades do Nordeste"</a>. <i>Ceará</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cear%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Fortaleza+tem+a+2%C2%AA+maior+popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o+em+favela+entre+cidades+do+Nordeste&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft.aulast=CE&rft.aufirst=Do+G1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fceara%2Fnoticia%2F2013%2F11%2Ffortaleza-tem-2-maior-populacao-em-favela-entre-cidades-do-nordeste.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br/2016-02-04-11-53-05.html">"Anuário Estatístico de Turismo"</a>. <i>Dados e Fatos</i>. Ministério do Turismo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dados+e+Fatos&rft.atitle=Anu%C3%A1rio+Estat%C3%ADstico+de+Turismo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br%2F2016-02-04-11-53-05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFREDAÇÃO" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">REDAÇÃO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080018/https://www.portosenavios.com.br/noticias/navegacao-e-marinha/41609-cresce-a-movimentacao-de-graos-no-centro-norte-vli-ja-movimentou-mais-de-cinco-milhoes-de-toneladas-este-ano">"Portos e Navios – Cresce a movimentação de grãos no Centro-Norte; VLI já movimentou mais de cinco milhões de toneladas este ano"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portosenavios.com.br/noticias/navegacao-e-marinha/41609-cresce-a-movimentacao-de-graos-no-centro-norte-vli-ja-movimentou-mais-de-cinco-milhoes-de-toneladas-este-ano">the original</a> on 2018-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Portos+e+Navios+%E2%80%93+Cresce+a+movimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+gr%C3%A3os+no+Centro-Norte%3B+VLI+j%C3%A1+movimentou+mais+de+cinco+milh%C3%B5es+de+toneladas+este+ano&rft.au=REDA%C3%87%C3%83O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portosenavios.com.br%2Fnoticias%2Fnavegacao-e-marinha%2F41609-cresce-a-movimentacao-de-graos-no-centro-norte-vli-ja-movimentou-mais-de-cinco-milhoes-de-toneladas-este-ano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oimparcial.com.br/noticias/2017/06/maranhao-e-pioneiro-na-exploracao-de-gas-natural/">"Maranhão é pioneiro na exploração de gás natural | O Imparcial"</a>. <i>O Imparcial</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=O+Imparcial&rft.atitle=Maranh%C3%A3o+%C3%A9+pioneiro+na+explora%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+g%C3%A1s+natural+%7C+O+Imparcial&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foimparcial.com.br%2Fnoticias%2F2017%2F06%2Fmaranhao-e-pioneiro-na-exploracao-de-gas-natural%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnergia" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Energia, Agência de Notícias Ambiente. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507085835/https://www.ambienteenergia.com.br/index.php/2017/08/energia-eolica-e-responsavel-por-50-abastecimento-nordeste/32444">"Energia eólica é responsável por 50% do abastecimento do Nordeste"</a>. <i>Ambiente Energia</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ambienteenergia.com.br/index.php/2017/08/energia-eolica-e-responsavel-por-50-abastecimento-nordeste/32444">the original</a> on 2018-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ambiente+Energia&rft.atitle=Energia+e%C3%B3lica+%C3%A9+respons%C3%A1vel+por+50%25+do+abastecimento+do+Nordeste&rft.aulast=Energia&rft.aufirst=Ag%C3%AAncia+de+Not%C3%ADcias+Ambiente&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambienteenergia.com.br%2Findex.php%2F2017%2F08%2Fenergia-eolica-e-responsavel-por-50-abastecimento-nordeste%2F32444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sharenergy.com.br/conheca-os-maiores-parques-solares-do-brasil/">"Conheça os maiores parques solares do Brasil – Sharenergy"</a>. <i>Sharenergy</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sharenergy&rft.atitle=Conhe%C3%A7a+os+maiores+parques+solares+do+Brasil+%E2%80%93+Sharenergy&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsharenergy.com.br%2Fconheca-os-maiores-parques-solares-do-brasil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobb_LarkinsJosé_Bacelar_da_Silva2019" class="citation journal cs1">Robb Larkins, Erika; José Bacelar da Silva, Antonio (11 November 2019). "The Bolsonaro Election, Antiblackness, and Changing Race Relations in Brazil". <i>The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">893–</span>913. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjlca.12438">10.1111/jlca.12438</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210530603">210530603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Latin+American+and+Caribbean+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+Bolsonaro+Election%2C+Antiblackness%2C+and+Changing+Race+Relations+in+Brazil&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E893-%3C%2Fspan%3E913&rft.date=2019-11-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjlca.12438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A210530603%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Robb+Larkins&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Bacelar+da+Silva%2C+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPacheco2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pacheco, Tania (28 October 2008). "Inequality, environmental injustice, and racism in Brazil: beyond the question of colour". <i>Development in Practice</i>. <b>18</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">713–</span>725. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09614520802386355">10.1080/09614520802386355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143577565">143577565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development+in+Practice&rft.atitle=Inequality%2C+environmental+injustice%2C+and+racism+in+Brazil%3A+beyond+the+question+of+colour&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E713-%3C%2Fspan%3E725&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09614520802386355&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143577565%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pacheco&rft.aufirst=Tania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDa_Silva_MartinsAlberto_MedeirosLarkin_Nascimento2004" class="citation journal cs1">Da Silva Martins, Sérgio; Alberto Medeiros, Carlos; Larkin Nascimento, Elisa (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.com/stable/3180914">"The Road from "Racial Democracy" to Affirmative Action in Brazil"</a>. <i>Journal of Black Studies</i>. <b>34</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">7878–</span>816. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0021934704264006">10.1177/0021934704264006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142990421">142990421</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Black+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Road+from+%22Racial+Democracy%22+to+Affirmative+Action+in+Brazil&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7878-%3C%2Fspan%3E816&rft.date=2004-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0021934704264006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142990421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Da+Silva+Martins&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9rgio&rft.au=Alberto+Medeiros%2C+Carlos&rft.au=Larkin+Nascimento%2C+Elisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.com%2Fstable%2F3180914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalles2018" class="citation news cs1">Salles, Ygor (7 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125105416/https://hashtag.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2018/10/07/apos-primeiro-turno-nordestinos-sao-alvos-de-preconceito-mais-uma-vez/">"Após primeiro turno, nordestinos são alvos de preconceito mais uma vez"</a>. Folha de São Paulo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hashtag.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2018/10/07/apos-primeiro-turno-nordestinos-sao-alvos-de-preconceito-mais-uma-vez/">the original</a> on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ap%C3%B3s+primeiro+turno%2C+nordestinos+s%C3%A3o+alvos+de+preconceito+mais+uma+vez&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft.aulast=Salles&rft.aufirst=Ygor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhashtag.blogfolha.uol.com.br%2F2018%2F10%2F07%2Fapos-primeiro-turno-nordestinos-sao-alvos-de-preconceito-mais-uma-vez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"Censo 2022 - Panorama"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2022+-+Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onlinelibrary.wiley.com-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-onlinelibrary.wiley.com_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-onlinelibrary.wiley.com_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodrigues_De_MouraCoelhoDe_Queiroz_BalbinoCrovella2015" class="citation journal cs1">Rodrigues De Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; De Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries". <i>American Journal of Human Biology</i>. <b>27</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">674–</span>680. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajhb.22714">10.1002/ajhb.22714</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11368%2F2837176">11368/2837176</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25820814">25820814</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25051722">25051722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Meta-analysis+of+Brazilian+genetic+admixture+and+comparison+with+other+Latin+America+countries&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E674-%3C%2Fspan%3E680&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11368%2F2837176&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25051722%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25820814&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajhb.22714&rft.aulast=Rodrigues+De+Moura&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Coelho%2C+Antonio+Victor+Campos&rft.au=De+Queiroz+Balbino%2C+Valdir&rft.au=Crovella%2C+Sergio&rft.au=Brand%C3%A3o%2C+Lucas+Andr%C3%A9+Cavalcanti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaloum_De_Neves_MantaPereiraViannaRodolfo_Beuttenmüller_De_Araújo2013" class="citation journal cs1">Saloum De Neves Manta, Fernanda; Pereira, Rui; Vianna, Romulo; Rodolfo Beuttenmüller De Araújo, Alfredo; Leite Góes Gitaí, Daniel; Aparecida Da Silva, Dayse; De Vargas Wolfgramm, Eldamária; Da Mota Pontes, Isabel; Ivan Aguiar, José; Ozório Moraes, Milton; Fagundes De Carvalho, Elizeu; Gusmão, Leonor (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779230">"Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>8</b> (9): e75145. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...875145S">2013PLoSO...875145S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075145">10.1371/journal.pone.0075145</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779230">3779230</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24073242">24073242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+Genetic+Ancestry+of+Brazilians+Using+Autosomal+AIM-Indels&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e75145&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3779230%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24073242&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075145&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...875145S&rft.aulast=Saloum+De+Neves+Manta&rft.aufirst=Fernanda&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Rui&rft.au=Vianna%2C+Romulo&rft.au=Rodolfo+Beuttenm%C3%BCller+De+Ara%C3%BAjo%2C+Alfredo&rft.au=Leite+G%C3%B3es+Gita%C3%AD%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Aparecida+Da+Silva%2C+Dayse&rft.au=De+Vargas+Wolfgramm%2C+Eldam%C3%A1ria&rft.au=Da+Mota+Pontes%2C+Isabel&rft.au=Ivan+Aguiar%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Oz%C3%B3rio+Moraes%2C+Milton&rft.au=Fagundes+De+Carvalho%2C+Elizeu&rft.au=Gusm%C3%A3o%2C+Leonor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3779230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19639555-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid19639555_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinsVieiraAbreuGrattapaglia2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lins, T. C.; Vieira, R. G.; Abreu, B. S.; Grattapaglia, D.; Pereira, R. W. (March–April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ucb.br:9443/jspui/handle/123456789/7489">"Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Human_Biology" title="American Journal of Human Biology">American Journal of Human Biology</a></i>. <b>22</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">187–</span>192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajhb.20976">10.1002/ajhb.20976</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19639555">19639555</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205301927">205301927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Genetic+composition+of+Brazilian+population+samples+based+on+a+set+of+twenty-eight+ancestry+informative+SNPs&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E187-%3C%2Fspan%3E192&rft.date=2009-03%2F2009-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205301927%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19639555&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajhb.20976&rft.aulast=Lins&rft.aufirst=T.+C.&rft.au=Vieira%2C+R.+G.&rft.au=Abreu%2C+B.+S.&rft.au=Grattapaglia%2C+D.&rft.au=Pereira%2C+R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.ucb.br%3A9443%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F7489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plosone.org-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plosone.org_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plosone.org_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPenaDi_PietroFuchshuber-MoraesGenro2011" class="citation journal cs1">Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; de Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral; de Moraes, Milene Raiol; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (2011). Harpending, Henry (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040205">"The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil is More Uniform Than Expected"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLoS_ONE" class="mw-redirect" title="PLoS ONE">PLoS ONE</a></i>. <b>6</b> (2): e17063. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...617063P">2011PLoSO...617063P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017063">10.1371/journal.pone.0017063</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040205">3040205</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21359226">21359226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+Genomic+Ancestry+of+Individuals+from+Different+Geographical+Regions+of+Brazil+is+More+Uniform+Than+Expected&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e17063&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3040205%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21359226&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0017063&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...617063P&rft.aulast=Pena&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9rgio+D.+J.&rft.au=Di+Pietro%2C+Giuliano&rft.au=Fuchshuber-Moraes%2C+Mateus&rft.au=Genro%2C+Julia+Pasqualini&rft.au=Hutz%2C+Mara+H.&rft.au=Kehdy%2C+Fernanda+de+Souza+Gomes&rft.au=Kohlrausch%2C+Fabiana&rft.au=Magno%2C+Luiz+Alexandre+Viana&rft.au=Montenegro%2C+Raquel+Carvalho&rft.au=Moraes%2C+Manoel+Odorico&rft.au=de+Moraes%2C+Maria+Elisabete+Amaral&rft.au=de+Moraes%2C+Milene+Raiol&rft.au=Ojopi%2C+%C3%89lida+B.&rft.au=Perini%2C+Jamila+A.&rft.au=Racciopi%2C+Clarice&rft.au=Ribeiro-dos-Santos%2C+%C3%82ndrea+Kely+Campos&rft.au=Rios-Santos%2C+Fabr%C3%ADcio&rft.au=Romano-Silva%2C+Marco+A.&rft.au=Sortica%2C+Vinicius+A.&rft.au=Suarez-Kurtz%2C+Guilherme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3040205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cienciahoje.uol.com.br-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cienciahoje.uol.com.br_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927160218/http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/noticias/2011/02/nossa-heranca-europeia/?searchterm=Pena">"Nossa herança europeia —"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/noticias/2011/02/nossa-heranca-europeia/?searchterm=Pena">the original</a> on September 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nossa+heran%C3%A7a+europeia+%E2%80%94&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcienciahoje.uol.com.br%2Fnoticias%2F2011%2F02%2Fnossa-heranca-europeia%2F%3Fsearchterm%3DPena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/ciencia/ult306u633465.shtml">DNA de brasileiro é 80% europeu, indica estudo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alvaro.com.br-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alvaro.com.br_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alvaro.com.br_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alvaro.com.br/pdf/trabalhoCientifico/ARTIGO_BRASIL_LILIAN.pdf">Forensic Science International: Genetics. Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population (inglés)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5xmleMZgv?url=http://www.alvaro.com.br/pdf/trabalhoCientifico/ARTIGO_BRASIL_LILIAN.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-04-08 at <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a> basandos en estudios del IBGE de 2008. Se presentaron muestras de 12.886 individuos de distintas etnias, por regiones, provenían en un 8,26% del Norte, 23,86% del Nordeste, 4,79% del Centro-Oeste, 10,32% del Sudeste y 52,77% del Sur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/5542/1/2008_NeideMOGodinho.pdf">"the impact of migrations in the constitution of Latin American populations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+impact+of+migrations+in+the+constitution+of+Latin+American+populations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.unb.br%2Fbitstream%2F10482%2F5542%2F1%2F2008_NeideMOGodinho.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prossiga.bvgf.fgf.org.br/portugues/obra/opusculos/brasileiro_nacional.html">BVGF – A Obra / OpЩsculos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020423215610/http://prossiga.bvgf.fgf.org.br/portugues/obra/opusculos/brasileiro_nacional.html">Archived</a> 2002-04-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/1843/BUOS-8FMH5A/1/entre_fanaticos_e_her_is___gabriel_braga.pdf">http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/1843/BUOS-8FMH5A/1/entre_fanaticos_e_her_is___gabriel_braga.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Campbell, Courtney J. <i>Region Out of Place: The Brazilian Northeast and the World, 1924-1968</i> (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=58187">online book review</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFerretti2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ferretti, F (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02079247/file/MCA_final.pdf">"Decolonising the Northeast: subalterns, non-European heritages and radical geography in Pernambuco"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annals of the American Association of Geographers</i>. <b>109</b>: <span class="nowrap">1632–</span>1650. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F24694452.2018.1554423">10.1080/24694452.2018.1554423</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186581147">186581147</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+American+Association+of+Geographers&rft.atitle=Decolonising+the+Northeast%3A+subalterns%2C+non-European+heritages+and+radical+geography+in+Pernambuco&rft.volume=109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1632-%3C%2Fspan%3E1650&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F24694452.2018.1554423&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186581147%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ferretti&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-02079247%2Ffile%2FMCA_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANortheast+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brazil_Northeast" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brazil Northeast">Brazil Northeast</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212141431/http://www.braziltour.com/site/gb/home/index.php">Brazilian Tourism Portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travel-impressions.de/brazil/mix/baiana.htm">Photos of the Northeast Region of Brazil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahia.basix.cc">discover Bahia</a> in your language with expats</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brazil_articles533" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazil_topics" title="Template talk:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brazil_articles533" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_history" title="Timeline of Brazilian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom (1815–1822)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era (1930–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" title="Fourth Brazilian Republic">Fourth Republic (1946–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Military dictatorship (1964–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1985%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Brazil (1985–present)">Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Brazil" title="Geography of Brazil">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Brazil" title="Climate of Brazil">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Brazil" title="Climate change in Brazil">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_Brazil" title="Coastline of Brazil">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf_of_Brazil" title="Continental shelf of Brazil">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Brazil" title="Environment of Brazil">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jurisdictional_waters" title="Brazilian jurisdictional waters">Jurisdictional waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Brazil" title="List of extreme points of Brazil">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Brazil" title="Geology of Brazil">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil_by_population" title="List of cities in Brazil by population">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Brazil" title="List of mountains in Brazil">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brazil" title="Protected areas of Brazil">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Brazil" title="List of rivers of Brazil">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Brazil" title="Water resources management in Brazil">Water resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brazil" title="Wildlife of Brazil">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Brazil">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brazil" title="Elections in Brazil">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Brazil" title="Human rights in Brazil">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of speech in Brazil">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ rights in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Brazil" title="Women's rights in Brazil">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brazil" title="Judiciary of Brazil">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Brazil" title="Law of Brazil">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of the Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brazil" title="Energy in Brazil">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Brazil" title="Science and technology in Brazil">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_Bovespa" title="Índice Bovespa">Stock index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Brazil" title="Taxation in Brazil">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Brazil" title="Category:Society of Brazil">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brazil" title="Abortion in Brazil">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil" title="Crime in Brazil">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Brazil" title="Income inequality in Brazil">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Brazilian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Brazil" title="Social issues in Brazil">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">States by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Brazil" title="Unemployment in Brazil">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil" title="Water supply and sanitation in Brazil">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Brazil" title="Youth in Brazil">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazilian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazilian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology in Brazil">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_art" title="Brazilian art">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Carnaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ people in Brazil">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_literature" title="Brazilian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malandragem" title="Malandragem">Malandragem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Brazil" title="National symbols of Brazil">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Brazil" title="List of newspapers in Brazil">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_painting" title="Brazilian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Brazil" title="Public holidays in Brazil">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_sculpture" title="Brazilian sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Brazil" title="Sport in Brazil">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Brazil" title="Television in Brazil">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Brazil" title="Baháʼí Faith in Brazil">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Buddhism</a></li> <li>Christianity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Our_Lady_of_Lebanon_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo">Maronite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Para%C3%ADso_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo">Melkite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Batista_em_Curitiba" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba">Ukrainian Catholic</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Orthodoxy <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_and_All_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of São Paulo and All Brazil">Antiochian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Brazil" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brazil" title="Protestantism in Brazil">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Brazil" title="Hinduism in Brazil">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Syncretic_Religions" title="Brazilian Syncretic Religions">Syncretic Religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazil" title="Category:Brazil">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil340" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil340" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Subdivisions of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">Federative units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Center-West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Distrito Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Notable archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Rocas Atoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">RN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">ES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Socio-geographic divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazônia Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Proposed federative units of Brazil">Proposed federative units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136194#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1483" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136194#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1483" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136194#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nordeste brasileño"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32145856854622920136">VIAF</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brasil, Nordeste"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155483347">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1692631/">FAST</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1243338/">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4089953-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85016604">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934094m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934094m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007282651805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02726002X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1274397819">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1274397819</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Category:Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast Region, Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Brazil" title="Category:Regions of Brazil">Regions of Brazil</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt-br)" title="Category:CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)">CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_webcite_links" title="Category:Webarchive template webcite links">Webarchive template webcite links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2022">Articles with dead external links from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Brazilian_Portuguese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA">Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Portuguese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Portuguese IPA">Pages with Portuguese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2014">Articles to be expanded from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from January 2014">Articles needing cleanup from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_sections_that_need_to_be_turned_into_prose_from_January_2014" title="Category:Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from January 2014">Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections" title="Category:All articles that may have off-topic sections">All articles that may have off-topic sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_January_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2014">Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from January 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_context_from_April_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing context from April 2014">Wikipedia articles needing context from April 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_context" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing context">All Wikipedia articles needing context</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 February 2025, at 03:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeast_Region,_Brazil&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast Region, Brazil</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>49 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-879zr","wgBackendResponseTime":228,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.451","walltime":"1.752","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12734,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":321445,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29909,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":45,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":341166,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1483.276 1 -total"," 37.55% 557.003 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.35% 286.953 48 Template:Cite_web"," 18.75% 278.096 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 12.76% 189.252 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.82% 145.705 1 Template:Brazil_topics"," 9.70% 143.821 1 Template:Country_topics"," 8.54% 126.690 20 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.04% 104.448 4 Template:Langx"," 6.67% 98.906 20 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.885","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22343329,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-67794785f5-gwm7n","timestamp":"20250228190143","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Northeast Region, Brazil","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northeast_Region,_Brazil","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1136194","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1136194","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-07T03:57:29Z","dateModified":"2025-02-07T03:23:56Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1a\/Northeast_Region_in_Brazil.svg","headline":"region of Brazil, composed of nine states"}</script> </body> </html>