CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>South Region, Brazil - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b276f9f4-4246-44c6-ab2b-39440d180b6d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"South_Region,_Brazil","wgTitle":"South Region, Brazil","wgCurRevisionId":1263539916,"wgRevisionId":1263539916,"wgArticleId":1271526,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2016","South Region, Brazil","Regions of Brazil"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"South_Region,_Brazil","wgRelevantArticleId":1271526,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Southern_Brazil","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil","wgCoordinates":{"lat":-25.433333333333334,"lon":-49.266666666666666},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1060042","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/1200px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1186"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/800px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="790"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/640px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="632"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="South Region, Brazil - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-South_Region_Brazil rootpage-South_Region_Brazil skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=South+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=South+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=South+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=South+Region%2C+Brazil" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Columbian_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Columbian history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Portuguese colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>German settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ragamuffin_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ragamuffin_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ragamuffin War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ragamuffin_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Italian settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Racial_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Racial composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livestock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livestock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Livestock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livestock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palaeontological_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaeontological_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Palaeontological tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaeontological_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">South Region, Brazil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="المنطقة الجنوبية (البرازيل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنطقة الجنوبية (البرازيل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nub_regionu_(Braziliya)" title="Cənub regionu (Braziliya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cənub regionu (Braziliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Южен регион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Южен регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_regija_(Brazil)" title="Južna regija (Brazil) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Južna regija (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul_(Brazil)" title="Sul (Brazil) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sul (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_Sud_del_Brasil" title="Regió Sud del Brasil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió Sud del Brasil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%BEn%C3%AD_region_(Braz%C3%ADlie)" title="Jižní region (Brazílie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jižní region (Brazílie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul_(region)" title="Sul (region) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sul (region)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Sul" title="Região Sul – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Região Sul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5unapiirkond_(Brasiilia)" title="Lõunapiirkond (Brasiilia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõunapiirkond (Brasiilia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul_do_Brasil" title="Sul do Brasil – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sul do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_Sur_de_Brasil" title="Región Sur de Brasil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región Sur de Brasil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_regiono_de_Brazilo" title="Suda regiono de Brazilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suda regiono de Brazilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="منطقه جنوب برزیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه جنوب برزیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_Sud_(Br%C3%A9sil)" title="Région Sud (Brésil) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région Sud (Brésil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_Sur_do_Brasil" title="Rexión Sur do Brasil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión Sur do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%80_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9_(%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88)" title="남부 지방 (브라질) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남부 지방 (브라질)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Հարավային տարածաշրջան (Բրազիլիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավային տարածաշրջան (Բրազիլիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2)" title="दक्षिणी क्षेत्र (ब्राज़ील) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिणी क्षेत्र (ब्राज़ील)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_regiono_(Brazilia)" title="Suda regiono (Brazilia) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Suda regiono (Brazilia)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE,_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="খা, ব্রাজিল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="খা, ব্রাজিল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Selatan,_Brasil" title="Daerah Selatan, Brasil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daerah Selatan, Brasil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Sud_(Brasil)" title="Region Sud (Brasil) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Region Sud (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8)" title="Хуссар регион (Бразили) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуссар регион (Бразили)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regione_Sud_del_Brasile" title="Regione Sud del Brasile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regione Sud del Brasile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C)" title="האזור הדרומי (ברזיל) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האזור הדרומי (ברזיל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="სამხრეთი რეგიონი (ბრაზილია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამხრეთი რეგიონი (ბრაზილია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Түштүк аймагы (Бразилия) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түштүк аймагы (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidu_re%C4%A3ions_(Braz%C4%ABlija)" title="Dienvidu reģions (Brazīlija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidu reģions (Brazīlija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilijos_Piet%C5%B3_regionas" title="Brazilijos Pietų regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brazilijos Pietų regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9li_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3_(Braz%C3%ADlia)" title="Déli régió (Brazília) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Déli régió (Brazília)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Јужен Регион (Бразил) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јужен Регион (Бразил)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_Zuid_(Brazili%C3%AB)" title="Regio Zuid (Brazilië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regio Zuid (Brazilië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB)" title="南部地域 (ブラジル) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南部地域 (ブラジル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Sul_do_Brasil" title="Região Sul do Brasil – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Região Sul do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sul" title="Sul – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Sud_(Brasil)" title="Region Sud (Brasil) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Region Sud (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region_Po%C5%82udniowy_(Brazylia)" title="Region Południowy (Brazylia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Region Południowy (Brazylia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_Sul_do_Brasil" title="Região Sul do Brasil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região Sul do Brasil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Южный регион (Бразилия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южный регион (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajoni_Jugor_i_Brazilit" title="Rajoni Jugor i Brazilit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rajoni Jugor i Brazilit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="South Region, Brazil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etel%C3%A4inen_alue_(Brasilia)" title="Eteläinen alue (Brasilia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eteläinen alue (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney_b%C3%B6lgesi,_Brezilya" title="Güney bölgesi, Brezilya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güney bölgesi, Brezilya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Південний регіон (Бразилія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південний регіон (Бразилія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جنوبی علاقہ، برازیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوبی علاقہ، برازیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_Nam,_Brasil" title="Vùng Nam, Brasil – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng Nam, Brasil" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="巴西南部地区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴西南部地区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1060042#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:South_Region,_Brazil" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/South_Region,_Brazil" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/South_Region,_Brazil" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1263539916" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=South_Region%2C_Brazil&id=1263539916&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSouth_Region%2C_Brazil"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSouth_Region%2C_Brazil"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=South_Region%2C_Brazil&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brazil_South" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/South_(Brazil)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1060042" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_Region,_Brazil&params=25_26_S_49_16_W_region:BR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°26′S</span> <span class="longitude">49°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.433°S 49.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.433; -49.267</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Brazil&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Brazil">Southern Brazil</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in Brazil</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">South Region</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="pt">Região Sul</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Region_in_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/250px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/375px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg/500px-South_Region_in_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_Region,_Brazil&params=25_26_S_49_16_W_region:BR_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°26′S</span> <span class="longitude">49°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.433°S 49.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.433; -49.267</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">States</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">576,409.6 km<sup>2</sup> (222,553.0 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Area" title="Regions of Brazil">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Region</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">29,937,706</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Population" title="Regions of Brazil">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">52/km<sup>2</sup> (130/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Population_density" title="Regions of Brazil">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">82%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-bge_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">R$</a> 1.560 trillion<br />(<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 289.348 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2017</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Category</th><td class="infobox-data">0.798 – <span style="color:#009900;">high</span> (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Human_Development_Index" title="Regions of Brazil">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">77.2 years (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Life_expectancy" title="Regions of Brazil">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">7.7 per 1,000 (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Infant_mortality" title="Regions of Brazil">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98.3% (<a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil#Literacy_rate" title="Regions of Brazil">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9203:00" title="UTC−03:00">UTC−03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">BRT</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>South Region</b> of Brazil (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Região Sul do Brasil</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-BR-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsuw<span class="wrap"> </span>du<span class="wrap"> </span>bɾaˈziw]</a></span>) is one of the five <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">regions of Brazil</a>. It includes the states of <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>, and covers 576,409.6 square kilometres (222,553.0 sq mi), being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of Brazil. Its whole area is smaller than that of the state of <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Brazil</a>, for example or the whole metropolitan <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p><p>It is a <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">cultural</a> pole. It borders <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Centre-West</a> and Southeast regions, and the Atlantic Ocean. The region is considered the safest in Brazil to visit, having a lower crime rate than other regions in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_history">Pre-Columbian history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples in Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/170px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/255px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/340px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4914" data-file-height="3197" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel das Missões</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuits</a> lived with local Indigenous.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time the first European explorers arrived, all parts of the territory were inhabited by semi-<a href="/wiki/Nomad" title="Nomad">nomadic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">native tribes</a>. They subsisted on a combination of hunting, fishing, and gathering. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_colonization">Portuguese colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Portuguese colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European colonization in Southern Brazil started with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionaries. They lived among the Natives and converted them to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Colonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonist">Colonists</a> from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Bandeirantes" title="Bandeirantes">Bandeirantes</a></i>) arrived in the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For decades, the Portuguese and Spanish crowns disputed over this region. </p><p>Due to this conflict, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">King of Portugal</a> encouraged the immigration of settlers from the <a href="/wiki/Azores_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores Islands">Azores Islands</a> to Southern Brazil, in an attempt to build up a Portuguese population. Between 1748 and 1756, six thousand Azoreans arrived. They composed over half of the population of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina by the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_settlement">German settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: German settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png/170px-Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png/255px-Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png/340px-Kolonien_Suedbrasilien.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Areas of <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> settlement in Southern Brazil (pink), in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PomerodeNorthGate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/PomerodeNorthGate.jpg/220px-PomerodeNorthGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/PomerodeNorthGate.jpg/330px-PomerodeNorthGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/PomerodeNorthGate.jpg/440px-PomerodeNorthGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pomerode" title="Pomerode">Pomerode</a>, A <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomeranian</a>-German colony in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first German immigrants came to Brazil soon after it gained independence in 1822 from Portugal. They were recruited to work as small <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmers</a> because there were many land holdings without sufficient workers. To attract the immigrants, the Brazilian government had promised them large tracts where they could settle with their families and colonize the region. The first <a href="/wiki/Immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrant">immigrants</a> arrived in 1824, settling in the city of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a>. Over the next four decades, another 27,256 Germans were brought to Rio Grande do Sul to work as smallholders in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1904, it is estimated that 50,000 Germans had settled in this state. </p><p>In Santa Catarina, most German immigrants were not brought by the Brazilian government but by private groups that promoted the immigration of Europeans to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> Colonization Society. These groups created rural communities or colonies for immigrants, many of which developed into large cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Blumenau" title="Blumenau">Blumenau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joinville" title="Joinville">Joinville</a>, the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>. </p><p>Considerable numbers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="vague (May 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of immigrants from Germany arrived at <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a> during the civil war, most of them coming from Santa Catarina; others were <a href="/wiki/Volga_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga German">Volga Germans</a> from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ragamuffin_War">Ragamuffin War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ragamuffin War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_War" title="Ragamuffin War">Ragamuffin War</a></div> <p>The Ragamuffin War was a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republican</a> uprising that began in Southern Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>) in 1835. The rebels, led by generals <a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves_da_Silva" title="Bento Gonçalves da Silva">Bento Gonçalves da Silva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_de_Souza_Netto" class="mw-redirect" title="Antônio de Souza Netto">Antônio de Souza Netto</a> with the support of the Italian warrior <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, surrendered to imperial forces in 1845. This conflict occurred because in Rio Grande do Sul, the state's main product, the <a href="/wiki/Charque" class="mw-redirect" title="Charque">charque</a> (dried and salted <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>), suffered stiff competition from charque from <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. The imports had free access to the Brazilian market while <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%BAcho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaúcho">gaúchos</a> had to pay high taxes to sell their product inside Brazil. The Italian revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> joined the rebels in 1839. With his help the revolution spread through Santa Catarina, in the northern border of Rio Grande do Sul. After many conflicts, in 1845 peace negotiations ended the war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_settlement">Italian settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Italian settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Italo-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Brazilian">Italian immigrants</a> started arriving in Brazil in 1875. They were mostly <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a> (but also from <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a>) attracted to Southern Brazil for economic opportunities and the chance to acquire their own lands. Most of the immigrants worked as small farmers, mainly cultivating <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Serra Gaúcha">Serra Gaúcha</a>. Italian immigration to the region lasted until 1914, with a total of 100,000 Italians settling in Rio Grande do Sul in this period, and many others in Santa Catarina and Paraná.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898, there were a total of 300,000 people of <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italian origin</a> in Rio Grande do Sul; 50,000 in Santa Catarina; and 30,000 in Paraná. Today their Southern Brazilian descendants number 9.7 million and comprise 35.9% of Southern Brazil's population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._(10160328624).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg/220px-Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg/330px-Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg/440px-Vista_da_Torre_das_Merc%C3%AAs_em_Curitiba_-_Brasil._%2810160328624%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Curitiba</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/220px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/330px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/440px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2622" /></a><figcaption>Porto Alegre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Parque_Natural_Municipal_do_Morro_da_Cruz_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>Florianópolis</figcaption></figure> <p>As noted, the region received numerous <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">European immigrants</a> during the 19th century, who have had a large influence on its demography and culture. The main ethnic origins of Southern Brazil are <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Brazilian">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Brazilian">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Brazilian">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Brazilian">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Brazilian">Luxembourger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Brazilian">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Brazilian">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Brazilian">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Brazilian">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Brazilian">Russian</a>. Smaller numbers that follow are French, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, African, Swiss, Croat, Lebanese, Lithuanian and Latvian, Japanese, Finnish and Estonian, Belarusian, Slovene, <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi Jew">Ashkenazi Jew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caboclo" title="Caboclo">Caboclo</a>, British, Czech, Slovak, Belgian and Hungarian<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abril_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abril-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Entrada_de_estrangeiros_no_Brasil_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entrada_de_estrangeiros_no_Brasil-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polish_Christmas_festivities,_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polish descendants at a Christmas festival in Curitiba."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg/220px-Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg/330px-Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg/440px-Polish_Christmas_festivities%2C_Bosque_do_Papa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Brazilians" title="Polish Brazilians">Polish descendants</a> at a Christmas festival in <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brazilians at the Oktoberfest of Blumenau."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg/220px-Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg/330px-Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg/440px-Oktoberfest_de_Blumenau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brazilians at the <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_of_Blumenau" title="Oktoberfest of Blumenau">Oktoberfest of Blumenau</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_(51889853466).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Opening of the 2022 Grape festival in Caxias do Sul."><img alt="Opening of the 2022 Grape festival in Caxias do Sul." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg/220px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg/330px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg/440px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851889853466%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Opening of the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Festa_da_Uva" title="Festa da Uva">Grape festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>State</th> <th>Population (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></td> <td align="right">1,773,718 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></td> <td align="right">1,332,845 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joinville" title="Joinville">Joinville</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/21px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/32px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/41px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="608" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></td> <td align="right">616,317 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Londrina" title="Londrina">Londrina</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></td> <td align="right">555,965 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florian%C3%B3polis" title="Florianópolis">Florianópolis</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/21px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/32px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/41px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="608" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></td> <td align="right">537,211 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></td> <td align="right">463,501 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maring%C3%A1" title="Maringá">Maringá</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></td> <td align="right">409,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blumenau" title="Blumenau">Blumenau</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/21px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/32px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg/41px-Bandeira_de_Santa_Catarina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="608" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></td> <td align="right">361,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Grossa" title="Ponta Grossa">Ponta Grossa</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Paran%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></td> <td align="right">358,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canoas" title="Canoas">Canoas</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></td> <td align="right">347,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></td> <td align="right">325,689 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_composition">Racial composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Racial composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-size: 90%"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 1em" cellspacing="0" align="centre"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#f0f0f0;" colspan="2">Skin color/Race (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Brazilian">White</a></td> <td>72.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pardo_Brazilians" title="Pardo Brazilians">Mixed</a></td> <td>21.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">Black</a></td> <td>5.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Brazilian">East Asian</a></td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous</a></td> <td>0.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Region,_Brazil_(K%C3%B6ppen).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg/220px-South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg/330px-South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg/440px-South_Region%2C_Brazil_%28K%C3%B6ppen%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>Climate types of Southern Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <p>Southern Brazil has <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate. The annual average temperatures vary between 12 °C (53.6 °F) and 22 °C (71.6 °F). <a href="/wiki/Snow_in_Brazil" title="Snow in Brazil">It snows</a> in the mountain ranges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region is highly urbanized (82%) and many cities are famous for their <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maring%C3%A1" title="Maringá">Maringá</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraná State">Paraná State</a>. It has a relatively high standard of living, with the highest <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> of Brazil, 0.859 (2007), and the second highest per capita income of the country, $13,396, behind only the Southeast Region. The region also has a 98.3% literacy rate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portuguese, the official language of Brazil, is spoken by the entire population. In the south countryside, dialects of German or Italian origins are also spoken. The predominant dialects are <a href="/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" title="Hunsrückisch">Hunsrückisch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a> there are some Yiddish speakers. In the northern region of <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a> there are some Japanese speakers. In the region around <a href="/wiki/Ponta_Grossa" title="Ponta Grossa">Ponta Grossa</a> there are also some Dutch speakers. There are Polish language and Ukrainian language speakers in Paraná as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigenous languages still spoken in some villages include <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guarani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaingang_language" title="Kaingang language">Kaingang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/200px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/300px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/400px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Vineyards in Rio Grande do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Just_wheat..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Just_wheat..jpg/200px-Just_wheat..jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Just_wheat..jpg/300px-Just_wheat..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Just_wheat..jpg/400px-Just_wheat..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Wheat in Paraná.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG/200px-P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG/300px-P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG/400px-P%C3%A9_de_tabaco_em_destaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Tobacco in Rio Grande do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main agricultural products grown are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a> (35% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> (35% of the country's production, which is the 3rd world producer);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> (almost all the production of the country, which is the second largest producer in the world and the largest exporter);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> (80% of the country's production, which is the ninth largest producer in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grape</a> (almost all the production of the country, which is the eleventh largest producer in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a> (almost all the production of the country, which is the thirteenth world producer);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> (almost all the country's production);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oat</a> (almost all the country's production);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> (8% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> (25% of the country's production, which is the fifth largest producer in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a> (almost all the production of the country, which is one of the largest producers in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">bean</a> (26% of the country's production, which is the third largest producer in the world);</li></ul> <p>in addition to producing relevant quantities of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a> (6% of the country's production, which is the world's largest producer);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">tangerine</a> (30% of the country's production, which is the sixth largest producer in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">persimmon</a> (20% of the country's production, which is the sixth largest producer in the world);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">fig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a> (most of the country's production);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livestock">Livestock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Livestock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bovinos_no_campo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bovinos_no_campo.jpg/200px-Bovinos_no_campo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bovinos_no_campo.jpg/300px-Bovinos_no_campo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bovinos_no_campo.jpg/400px-Bovinos_no_campo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption>Cattle in Rio Grande do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carneiros_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/200px-Carneiros_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/300px-Carneiros_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/400px-Carneiros_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption>Sheep in Rio Grande do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg/200px-Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg/300px-Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg/400px-Jabor%C3%A1_SC_Granja_Adelir_Ant%C3%B4nio_Calegari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Swine in Santa Catarina</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG/200px-Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG/300px-Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG/400px-Avicultura_em_Santa_Catarina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Poultry in Santa Catarina</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, the southern region gathered around 12% of Brazil's cattle (27 million head of cattle).<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep farming</a>, in 2017, the South Region was the second largest in the country, with 4.2 million head. Sheep shearing activity continued to be predominant in the South, which is responsible for 99% of wool production in the country. Rio Grande do Sul continued to be the state with the highest national participation, representing 94.1% of the total. The municipalities of Santana do Livramento, Alegrete and Quaraí led the activity. Currently, meat production has become the main objective of sheep farming in the State, due to the increase in prices paid to the producer that made the activity more attractive and profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intensive livestock farming is also highly developed in the South, which ranks first in the ranking of Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> production. Some of the milk produced in the South benefits from the dairy industries. The South has 35.7% of the Brazilian milk production, competing with the Southeast (which was the largest producer until 2014), which has 34.2%. The southeast has the largest herd of cows milked: 30.4% of the total of 17.1 million existing in Brazil. The highest productivity, however, is that of the Southern Region, with an average of 3,284 liters per cow per year, which is why it has led the ranking of milk production since 2015. The municipality of Castro, in Paraná, was the largest producer in 2017, with 264 million liters of milk. Paraná is already the second largest national producer with 4.7 billion liters, only surpassed by Minas Gerais.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeverdefm.com.br-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a>, the 3 southern states are the largest producers in the country. Santa Catarina is the largest producer in Brazil. The State is responsible for 28.38% of the country's slaughter and 40.28% of Brazilian pork exports. Paraná, for its part, has a breeding stock of 667 thousand inhabited dwellings, with a herd representing 17.85% of the Brazilian total. Paraná occupies the second position in the country's productive ranking, with 21.01%, and the third place among exporting states, with 14.22%. In third place in Brazil is Rio Grande do Sul, with almost 15% participation.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeverdefm.com.br-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poultry farming is strong in the South. In 2018, the South region, with an emphasis on the creation of chickens for slaughter, was responsible for almost half of the Brazilian total (46.9%). Paraná only represented 26.2%. Paraná occupies the Brazilian leadership in the ranking of chicken producing and exporting states. Rio Grande do Sul ranks third in national production, with 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In egg production, the South Region is the 2nd largest in Brazil, with 24.1% of the country's production. Paraná ranks 2nd in the Brazilian ranking, with 9.6% of the national participation.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a>, western Paraná, in municipalities close to Toledo and Cascavel, has become the largest fishing region in the country, with tilapia as the main cultivated species. The west represents 69% of all the production of Paraná, the largest national producer, with 112 thousand tons. Of this amount, 91% refers to tilapia farming.<sup id="cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valeverdefm.com.br-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The South region was the main producer of <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> in the country in 2017, representing 39.7% of the national total. Rio Grande do Sul was the first with 15.2%, Paraná in second place with 14.3%, Santa Catarina in fifth place with 10.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/200px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/300px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg/400px-Brasil_-_Ametista_do_Sul_-_Piedra_amatista.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>Amethyst mine in Ametista do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <p>Santa Catarina is the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> in Brazil, mainly in the city of <a href="/wiki/Crici%C3%BAma" title="Criciúma">Criciúma</a> and its surroundings. Crude mineral coal production in Brazil was 13.6 million tons in 2007. Santa Catarina produced 8.7 Mt (million tons); Rio Grande do Sul, 4.5 Mt; and Paraná, 0.4 Mt. Despite the extraction of mineral coal in Brazil, the country still needs to import around 50% of the coal consumed, since the coal produced in the country is of low quality, since it has a lower concentration of carbon. Countries supplying mineral coal to Brazil include South Africa, the United States and Australia. Mineral coal in Brazil supplies, in particular, thermoelectric plants that consume around 85% of production. The cement industry in the country, on the other hand, is supplied with approximately 6% of this coal, leaving 4% for the production of cellulose paper and only 5% in the food, ceramic and grain industries. Brazil has reserves of <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard coal">hard coal</a>. Coal totals 32 billion tons of reserves and is mainly located in Rio Grande do Sul (89.25% of the total), followed by Santa Catarina (10.41%). The Candiota (RS) deposit only has 38% of all the national coal. As it is an inferior quality coal, it is used only in thermoelectric power generation and at the deposit site. The oil crisis in the 1970s led the Brazilian government to create the Energy Mobilization Plan, with intense research to discover new coal reserves. The Geological Survey of Brazil, through works carried out in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, greatly increased previously known coal reserves between 1970 and 1986 (mainly between 1978 and 1983). Then good quality coal, suitable for use in metallurgy and in large volumes (seven billion tons), was discovered in several deposits in Rio Grande do Sul (Morungava, Chico Lomã, Santa Teresinha), but at relatively great depths (up to 1,200 m), which has prevented its use until now. In 2011, coal represented only 5.6% of the energy consumed in Brazil, but it is an important strategic source, which can be activated when, for example, the water levels in the dams are very low, reducing the excess supply of water. hydroelectric power. This happened in 2013, when several thermoelectric plants were closed, thus maintaining the necessary supply, although at a higher cost.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paraná is the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a> in Brazil. In the city of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Mateus_do_Sul" title="São Mateus do Sul">São Mateus do Sul</a>, there is a plant <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a> specialized in the production of the material. Approximately 7,800 tons are processed daily.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rio Grande do Sul is an important producer of gemstones. Brazil is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethyst</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agate_(mineral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agate (mineral) (page does not exist)">agate</a>, and Rio Grande do Sul is the country's largest producer. Agate has had local extraction since 1830. The largest producer of amethyst in Brazil is the city of <a href="/wiki/Ametista_do_Sul" title="Ametista do Sul">Ametista do Sul</a>. This stone was very rare and expensive throughout the world, until the discovery of large deposits in Brazil, which caused a considerable drop in its value.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg/200px-Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg/300px-Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg/400px-Perdig%C3%A3o_Agroindustrial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2538" /></a><figcaption>BRF meat factory in Santa Catarina.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cia_Hering_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cia_Hering_2019.jpg/200px-Cia_Hering_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cia_Hering_2019.jpg/300px-Cia_Hering_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cia_Hering_2019.jpg/400px-Cia_Hering_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Hering textile industry in Santa Catarina.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/200px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/300px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/400px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Salton winery in Rio Grande do Sul</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klabin_Unidade_Puma,_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg/200px-Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg/300px-Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg/400px-Klabin_Unidade_Puma%2C_Ortigueira_Paran%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Klabin pulp and paper mill in Paraná</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/200px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/300px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/400px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Beira Rio shoe factory, Rio Grande do Sul</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_Neugebauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/200px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/300px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/400px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Neugebauer Chocolate Factory, Rio Grande do Sul</figcaption></figure> <p>The region concentrates 20% of the industrial <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Paraná was the second largest <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> producer in the country (Brazil is one of the 10 largest vehicle producers in the world). Paraná has in its territory the Volkswagen, Renault, Audi, Volvo and DAF factories; Santa Catarina has GM and BMW plants and Rio Grande do Sul, a GM plant.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a>, in 2019, Brazil was the second largest exporter of processed foods in the world, with a value of US$34.1 billion in exports. Regarding the creation of national or multinational companies, Rio Grande do Sul created companies such as Neugebauer, Camil Alimentos, Fruki, Cervejaria Polar, Vinícola Aurora and Vinícola Salton. Santa Catarina created companies such as Sadia and Perdigão (which later merged into BRF), Seara Alimentos (which today belongs to JBS), Aurora, Gomes da Costa, Cervejaria Eisenbahn and Hemmer Alimentos. Paraná created companies such as: Frimesa, C.Vale, Nutrimental, Copacol, Coopavel and Matte Leão.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Footwear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Footwear industry">footwear industry</a>, in 2019 Brazil produced 972 million pairs, being the fourth largest producer in the world, behind China, India and Vietnam, and ranks 11th among the largest exporters. The Brazilian state that most exports the product is Rio Grande do Sul: in 2019 it exported US$448.35 million. Most of the product goes to the United States, Argentina and France. Santa Catarina also has a shoe production center in São João Batista.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industry</a>, Brazil, despite being among the 5 largest producers in the world in 2013, and being representative in the consumption of textiles and clothing, had very little insertion in world trade. In 2015, Brazilian imports ranked 25th (US$5.5 billion). And in exports, it only ranked 40th in the world ranking. Brazil's participation in the world trade of textiles and clothing is only 0.3%, due to the difficulty of competing in price with producers in India and mainly in China. The South had 32.65% of the country's textile production. Santa Catarina is the second largest textile and clothing employer in Brazil. It held the national leadership in the manufacture of pillows and is the largest producer in Latin America and the second in the world in woven labels. It's the nation's largest exporter of toilet / kitchen linen, cotton terry fabrics and cotton knit shirts. Some of the most famous companies in the region are Hering, Malwee, Karsten and Haco. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a>, the industry turnover in Brazil reached R $153.0 billion in 2019, around 3% of the national GDP. The number of employees in the sector was 234,500 people. Brazil has two large electroelectronic production poles, located in Campinas, in the State of São Paulo, and in the Manaus Free Zone, in the State of Amazonas. The country also has other smaller centers, one of which is Curitiba, the capital of Paraná. The Curitiba technology center has companies such as Siemens and Positivo Informática. In total, 87 companies and 16 thousand employees work in Tecnoparque, an area of 127 thousand square meters created by state law in 2007. Tecnoparque can grow to 400 thousand square meters and receive up to four times the number of workers it has today, reaching 68 thousand people.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_appliance_industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home appliance industry (page does not exist)">home appliance industry</a>, sales of so-called "white line" equipment were 12.9 million units in 2017. The sector had its sales peak in 2012, with 18.9 million units. The brands that sold the most were Brastemp, Electrolux, Consul and Philips. Consul is originally from Santa Catarina, merged with Brastemp and today is part of the multinational Whirlpool Corporation. Another famous brand from the South was Prosdócimo, founded in Curitiba, which was sold to Electrolux. In the small electrical appliances sector, the Britânia company is originally from Curitiba.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the metallurgical sector, the South has one of the most famous companies in the country, Tramontina, which employs more than 8,500 employees and has 10 production units. Other famous companies in the South are Marcopolo, a bus body manufacturer, which had a market value of R $2.782 billion in 2015, and Randon, a group of 9 companies specialized in transport solutions, which groups together vehicle manufacturers, auto parts, and road equipment – employs around 11 thousand people and recorded gross sales in 2017 of R $4.2 billion. </p><p>In Santa Catarina, the machinery and equipment industry stands out in the manufacture of compressors, being a leader in exports of this product among the states of the country, in addition to being an important producer of forestry equipment. In metallurgy, the state has the largest national manufacturer of sinks, vats and stainless steel tanks, trophies and medals, fasteners (screws, nuts, etc.), jacketed tanks for fuels, industrial pressure vessels and malleable iron connections. It is the world leader in engine blocks and iron heads, being the largest exporter of this product in Brazil. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">pulp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> sector, Brazilian pulp production was 19,691 million tons in 2019. The country exported US$7.48 billion in pulp this year, US$3.25 billion to China alone. Exports of the Brazilian forest industry totaled US$9.7 billion (US$7.48 billion in pulp, US$2 billion in paper, and US$265 million in wood panels). Paper production was 10,535 million tons in 2019. The country exported 2,163 million tons. In 2016, the pulp and paper industry in the south of the country represented 33% of the national total. This year, Paraná was the national leader in the production of roundwood (mainly eucalyptus) for the pulp and paper industry (15.9 million m<sup>3</sup>); Brazil was the second country that produced the most pulp in the world and the eighth in the production of paper. The city that produced the most these woods in Brazil was Telêmaco Borba (PR), and the fifth largest was Ortigueira (PR).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palaeontological_tourism">Palaeontological tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Palaeontological tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a> has a great potential for <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">palaeontological</a> tourism, with many paleontological sites and museums in Paleorrota. There is a large area in the center of the state that belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>. Here lived <a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">Rhynchosaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thecodontia" title="Thecodontia">thecodonts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exaeretodon" title="Exaeretodon">exaeretodons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staurikosaurus" title="Staurikosaurus">Staurikosaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guaibasaurus" title="Guaibasaurus">Guaibasaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturnalia_tupiniquim" title="Saturnalia tupiniquim">Saturnalia tupiniquim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacisaurus" title="Sacisaurus">Sacisaurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unaysaurus" title="Unaysaurus">Unaysaurus</a>, and many others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">Gaúcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians" title="German Brazilians">German Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Immigration to Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Italian Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Brazilians" title="Polish Brazilians">Polish Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_immigration_to_Brazil" title="Spanish immigration to Brazil">Spanish immigration to Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Brazilians" title="Russian Brazilians">Russian Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_South_Is_My_Country" title="The South Is My Country">The South Is My Country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bge-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bge_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/national-accounts/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html">"PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021"</a>. <i>ibge.gov.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibge.gov.br&rft.atitle=PIB+por+Unidade+da+Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibge.gov.br%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Feconomic%2Fnational-accounts%2F19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.r7.com/domingo-espetacular/videos/jaragua-do-sul-e-a-cidade-mais-segura-do-brasil-07082017">"Jaraguá do Sul é a cidade mais segura do Brasil – Notícias – R7 Domingo Espetacular"</a>. <i>noticias.r7.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=noticias.r7.com&rft.atitle=Jaragu%C3%A1+do+Sul+%C3%A9+a+cidade+mais+segura+do+Brasil+%E2%80%93+Not%C3%ADcias+%E2%80%93+R7+Domingo+Espetacular&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.r7.com%2Fdomingo-espetacular%2Fvideos%2Fjaragua-do-sul-e-a-cidade-mais-segura-do-brasil-07082017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/missoes4b.htm">RS VIRTUAL - O Rio Grande do Sul na Internet - História - Missões - Como foi o surgimento dos Sete Povos das Missões</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070905080538/http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/missoes4b.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071231170219/http://www.terrabrasileira.net/folclore/regioes/7tipos/acores.html">"Imigrantes: Açorianos"</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/alemaes/index.htm">Germans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716191844/http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/alemaes/index.htm">Archived</a> 2007-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131433/http://www.expoente.com.br/professores/kalinke/trabalhos/Hp-Alemaes/historia/Hist%C3%B3ria%20da%20imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Alem%C3%A3.html">"História da Imigração Alemã"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expoente.com.br/professores/kalinke/trabalhos/Hp-Alemaes/historia/Hist%C3%B3ria%20da%20imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Alem%C3%A3.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B3ria+da+Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Alem%C3%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expoente.com.br%2Fprofessores%2Fkalinke%2Ftrabalhos%2FHp-Alemaes%2Fhistoria%2FHist%25C3%25B3ria%2520da%2520imigra%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o%2520Alem%25C3%25A3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/italiano/index.htm">Italians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014106/http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/italiano/index.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCiccone" class="citation web cs1">Ciccone, Romeu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080824051749/http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/amelia_et_romeo/emigracaoit.html">"EmigracaoIt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/amelia_et_romeo/emigracaoit.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Angelfire&rft.atitle=EmigracaoIt&rft.aulast=Ciccone&rft.aufirst=Romeu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Fjournal2%2Famelia_et_romeo%2Femigracaoit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana_no_Brasil#Rio_Grande_do_Sul" class="extiw" title="pt:Imigração italiana no Brasil">pt:Imigração italiana no Brasil#Rio Grande do Sul</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diasmarques.adv.br/pt/historico_imigracao_brasil.htm">Imigração no Brasil: Histórico. Italianos Espanhóis Japoneses Judeus Portugueses Sírios e Libaneses Alemães</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041010184011/http://www.diasmarques.adv.br/pt/historico_imigracao_brasil.htm">Archived</a> 2004-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarília_D._Klaumann_Cánovas2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003141402/http://www.cchla.ufpb.br/saeculum/saeculum11_art08_canovas.pdf">"A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE"</a> [The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese). cchla.ufpb.br. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cchla.ufpb.br/saeculum/saeculum11_art08_canovas.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+GRANDE+IMIGRA%C3%87%C3%83O+EUROP%C3%89IA+PARA+O+BRASIL+E+O+IMIGRANTE+ESPANHOL+NO+CEN%C3%81RIO+DA+CAFEICULTURA+PAULISTA%3A+ASPECTOS+DE+UMA+%28IN%29VISIBILIDADE&rft.pub=cchla.ufpb.br&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADlia+D.+Klaumann+C%C3%A1novas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcchla.ufpb.br%2Fsaeculum%2Fsaeculum11_art08_canovas.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abril-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abril_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/quais-foram-as-maiores-levas-de-imigracao-para-o-brasil">"Principais levas de imigração para o Brasil"</a>. Abril. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402110848/http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/quais-foram-as-maiores-levas-de-imigracao-para-o-brasil">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Principais+levas+de+imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o+para+o+Brasil&rft.pub=Abril&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmundoestranho.abril.com.br%2Fmateria%2Fquais-foram-as-maiores-levas-de-imigracao-para-o-brasil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Brazil.html#4">"Brazil – Modern-Day Community"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104052948/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Brazil.html#4">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brazil+%E2%80%93+Modern-Day+Community&rft.pub=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2F&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvjw%2FBrazil.html%234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Entrada_de_estrangeiros_no_Brasil-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Entrada_de_estrangeiros_no_Brasil_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/rsp/v8s0/03t2.gif">"Entrada de estrangeiros no Brasil"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Entrada+de+estrangeiros+no+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fimg%2Frevistas%2Frsp%2Fv8s0%2F03t2.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528001315/http://www.firgs.org.br/paginas/a-federacao-israelita-do-rio-grande-do-sul-.aspx">"Federação Israelita do Rio Grande do Sul"</a>. firgs.org.br. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firgs.org.br/paginas/a-federacao-israelita-do-rio-grande-do-sul-.aspx">the original</a> on 2009-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Israelita+do+Rio+Grande+do+Sul&rft.pub=firgs.org.br&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firgs.org.br%2Fpaginas%2Fa-federacao-israelita-do-rio-grande-do-sul-.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"Censo 2022 - Panorama"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2022+-+Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1174391,00.html">"O alemão lusitano do Sul do Brasil - DW - 20.04.2004"</a>. <i>DW.COM</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205054632/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1174391,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=O+alem%C3%A3o+lusitano+do+Sul+do+Brasil+-+DW+-+20.04.2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C1174391%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/europeias/talian.htm">"ELB"</a>. <i>www.labeurb.unicamp.br</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110915175634/http://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/europeias/talian.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.labeurb.unicamp.br&rft.atitle=ELB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.labeurb.unicamp.br%2Felb%2Feuropeias%2Ftalian.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/">Brazilian agriculture in 2018, by FAO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistagloborural.globo.com/Noticias/Criacao/Leite/noticia/2018/09/producao-de-leite-cai-05-e-totaliza-335-bilhoes-de-litros-em-2017.html">Produção de leite cai 0,5% e totaliza 33,5 bilhões de litros em 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valeverdefm.com.br-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valeverdefm.com.br_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valeverdefm.com.br/site/not%C3%ADcias/item/20070-regi%C3%A3o-sul-do-brasil-%C3%A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%C3%ADna-animal-do-mundo.html">REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL É O MAIOR CENTRO PRODUTIVO DE PROTEÍNA ANIMAL DO MUNDO</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Carvao-Mineral-2558.html">Carvão Mineral</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tecnicoemineracao.com.br/carvao-mineral-no-brasil-e-no-mundo/">Carvão mineral no Brasil e no mundo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folhadelondrina.com.br/cidades/a-maior-usina-de-xisto-do-pais-744100.html">A maior usina de xisto do País</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html">Algumas Gemas Clássicas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html">Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/cultura-e-lazer/almanaque/noticia/2018/02/os-alemaes-e-as-pedras-preciosas-gauchas-cje4tmdeu00d701qoek6rfc3c.html">Os alemães e as pedras preciosas gaúchas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/ciencia-e-saude/noticia/2012/12/maior-pedra-de-agua-marinha-e-brasileira-e-ficara-exposta-nos-eua.html">Maior pedra de água-marinha é brasileira e ficará exposta nos EUA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822045358/http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html">"G1 - Pedras de ametista são atrativos para turistas em cidade no Norte do RS - notícias em Nossa Terra 2013"</a>. <i>g1.globo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html">the original</a> on 2013-08-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=g1.globo.com&rft.atitle=G1+-+Pedras+de+ametista+s%C3%A3o+atrativos+para+turistas+em+cidade+no+Norte+do+RS+-+not%C3%ADcias+em+Nossa+Terra+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Frs%2Frio-grande-do-sul%2Fnossa-terra%2F2013%2Fnoticia%2F2013%2F07%2Fpedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822045358/http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html">"G1 - Pedras de ametista são atrativos para turistas em cidade no Norte do RS - notícias em Nossa Terra 2013"</a>. <i>g1.globo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html">the original</a> on 2013-08-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=g1.globo.com&rft.atitle=G1+-+Pedras+de+ametista+s%C3%A3o+atrativos+para+turistas+em+cidade+no+Norte+do+RS+-+not%C3%ADcias+em+Nossa+Terra+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Frs%2Frio-grande-do-sul%2Fnossa-terra%2F2013%2Fnoticia%2F2013%2F07%2Fpedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/pr">Perfil de la industria de Paraná</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/rs">Perfil de la industria de Rio Grande del Sur</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/sc">Perfil de la industria de Santa Catarina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/o-novo-mapa-das-montadoras/">O novo mapa das montadoras</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alimentosprocessados.com.br/industria-na-sociedade-brasileira.php">A indústria de alimentos e bebidas na sociedade brasileira atual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2020/02/18/faturamento-da-industria-de-alimentos-cresceu-67percent-em-2019.ghtml">Faturamento da indústria de alimentos cresceu 6,7% em 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219032930/http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019">"Indústria de alimentos e bebidas faturaram R$ 699,9 bi em 2019 | Agência Brasil"</a>. <i>agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019">the original</a> on 2020-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br&rft.atitle=Ind%C3%BAstria+de+alimentos+e+bebidas+faturaram+R%24+699%2C9+bi+em+2019+%7C+Ag%C3%AAncia+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciabrasil.ebc.com.br%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F2020-02%2Findustria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219032930/http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019">"Indústria de alimentos e bebidas faturaram R$ 699,9 bi em 2019 | Agência Brasil"</a>. <i>agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019">the original</a> on 2020-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br&rft.atitle=Ind%C3%BAstria+de+alimentos+e+bebidas+faturaram+R%24+699%2C9+bi+em+2019+%7C+Ag%C3%AAncia+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciabrasil.ebc.com.br%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F2020-02%2Findustria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+Region%2C+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abicalcados.com.br/noticia/abicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019">Abicalçados apresenta Relatório Setorial 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/exportacao-de-calcados-saiba-mais/">Exportação de Calçados: Saiba mais</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporterbrasil.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Mapa_Eletr%C3%B4nicos2015.pdf">A indústria eletroeletrônica do Brasil - Levantamento de dados</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicacoes.estadao.com.br/marcasmais2017/categorias/fabricantes-de-eletrodomesticos/">Um setor em recuperação</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2020/02/21/producao-nacional-de-celulose-cai-66percent-em-2019-aponta-iba.ghtml">Produção nacional de celulose cai 6,6% em 2019, aponta Ibá</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.celuloseonline.com.br/sabe-qual-e-o-estado-brasileiro-que-mais-produz-madeira-nao-e-sao-paulo/">Sabe qual é o estado brasileiro que mais produz Madeira? Não é São Paulo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/espirito-santo/noticia/sao-mateus-e-o-6-maior-produtor-de-madeira-em-tora-para-papel-e-celulose-no-pais-diz-ibge.ghtml">São Mateus é o 6º maior produtor de madeira em tora para papel e celulose no país, diz IBGE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folhavitoria.com.br/economia/noticia/09/2019/made-in-espirito-santo-celulose-capixaba-e-usada-em-papel-ate-do-outro-lado-do-mundo">Made in Espírito Santo: celulose capixaba é usada em papel até do outro lado do mundo</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brazil_articles533" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazil_topics" title="Template talk:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brazil_articles533" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_history" title="Timeline of Brazilian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom (1815–1822)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era (1930–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" title="Fourth Brazilian Republic">Fourth Republic (1946–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Military dictatorship (1964–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1985%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Brazil (1985–present)">Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Brazil" title="Geography of Brazil">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Brazil" title="Climate of Brazil">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Brazil" title="Climate change in Brazil">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_Brazil" title="Coastline of Brazil">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf_of_Brazil" title="Continental shelf of Brazil">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Brazil" title="Environment of Brazil">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jurisdictional_waters" title="Brazilian jurisdictional waters">Jurisdictional waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Brazil" title="List of extreme points of Brazil">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Brazil" title="Geology of Brazil">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil_by_population" title="List of cities in Brazil by population">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Brazil" title="List of mountains in Brazil">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brazil" title="Protected areas of Brazil">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Brazil" title="List of rivers of Brazil">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Brazil" title="Water resources management in Brazil">Water resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brazil" title="Wildlife of Brazil">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Brazil">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brazil" title="Elections in Brazil">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Brazil" title="Human rights in Brazil">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of speech in Brazil">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ rights in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Brazil" title="Women's rights in Brazil">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brazil" title="Judiciary of Brazil">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Brazil" title="Law of Brazil">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of the Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brazil" title="Energy in Brazil">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Brazil" title="Science and technology in Brazil">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_Bovespa" title="Índice Bovespa">Stock index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Brazil" title="Taxation in Brazil">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Brazil" title="Category:Society of Brazil">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brazil" title="Abortion in Brazil">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil" title="Crime in Brazil">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Brazil" title="Income inequality in Brazil">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Brazilian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Brazil" title="Social issues in Brazil">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">States by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Brazil" title="Unemployment in Brazil">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil" title="Water supply and sanitation in Brazil">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Brazil" title="Youth in Brazil">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazilian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazilian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology in Brazil">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_art" title="Brazilian art">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Carnaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ people in Brazil">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_literature" title="Brazilian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malandragem" title="Malandragem">Malandragem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Brazil" title="National symbols of Brazil">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Brazil" title="List of newspapers in Brazil">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_painting" title="Brazilian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Brazil" title="Public holidays in Brazil">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_sculpture" title="Brazilian sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Brazil" title="Sport in Brazil">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Brazil" title="Television in Brazil">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Brazil" title="Baháʼí Faith in Brazil">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Buddhism</a></li> <li>Christianity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Our_Lady_of_Lebanon_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo">Maronite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Para%C3%ADso_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo">Melkite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Batista_em_Curitiba" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba">Ukrainian Catholic</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Orthodoxy <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_and_All_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of São Paulo and All Brazil">Antiochian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Brazil" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brazil" title="Protestantism in Brazil">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Brazil" title="Hinduism in Brazil">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Syncretic_Religions" title="Brazilian Syncretic Religions">Syncretic Religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazil" title="Category:Brazil">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil340" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil340" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Subdivisions of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">Federative units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Center-West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Distrito Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Notable archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Rocas Atoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">RN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">ES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Socio-geographic divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazônia Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Proposed federative units of Brazil">Proposed federative units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1263539916">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&oldid=1263539916</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_Region,_Brazil" title="Category:South Region, Brazil">South Region, Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Brazil" title="Category:Regions of Brazil">Regions of Brazil</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)">CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Brazilian_Portuguese_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA">Pages with Brazilian Portuguese IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_May_2016" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2016">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 December 2024, at 06:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Region,_Brazil&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">South Region, Brazil</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>48 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-l75tp","wgBackendResponseTime":184,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.697","walltime":"0.847","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6918,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":126821,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22951,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":100246,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 706.926 1 -total"," 32.42% 229.185 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 23.45% 165.784 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.00% 148.421 1 Template:Infobox"," 18.49% 130.696 16 Template:Cite_web"," 16.89% 119.391 1 Template:Brazil_topics"," 16.65% 117.708 1 Template:Country_topics"," 11.73% 82.918 10 Template:Main_other"," 10.91% 77.131 1 Template:Lang"," 3.87% 27.329 1 Template:Ifnoerror_then_show"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.393","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25562279,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-gsjwl","timestamp":"20250228221935","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"South Region, Brazil","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Region,_Brazil","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1060042","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1060042","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-13T03:46:01Z","dateModified":"2024-12-17T06:22:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/South_Region_in_Brazil.svg","headline":"region of Brazil"}</script> </body> </html>