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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: M. S. Kamaruddin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: M. S. Kamaruddin"> <meta name="keywords" content="M. S. Kamaruddin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="M. 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S. Kamaruddin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: M. S. Kamaruddin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> A New Proposed Framework for the Development of Interface Design for Malaysian Interactive Courseware</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norfadilah%20Kamaruddin">Norfadilah Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a new proposed framework for the development process of interface design for Malaysian interactive courseware by exploring four established model in the recent research literature, existing Malaysian government guidelines and Malaysian developers practices. In particular, the study looks at the stages and practices throughout the development process. Significant effects of each of the stages are explored and documented, and significant interrelationships among them suggested. The results of analysis are proposed as potential model that helps in establishing and designing a new version of Malaysian interactive courseware. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20processes" title="development processes">development processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20with%20interface" title=" interaction with interface"> interaction with interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20design" title=" interface design"> interface design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2392/a-new-proposed-framework-for-the-development-of-interface-design-for-malaysian-interactive-courseware" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Disability and Quality of Life in Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarina%20Zahari">Zarina Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Justine"> Maria Justine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaria%20Kamaruddin"> Kamaria Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low back pain (LBP) is a major musculoskeletal problem in global population. This study aimed to examine the relationship between pain, disability and quality of life in patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). One hundred LBP participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study (mean age = 42.23±11.34 years old). Pain was measured using Numerical Rating Scale (11-point). Disability was assessed using the revised Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (ODQ) and quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the SF-36 v2. Majority of participants (58%) presented with moderate pain and 49% experienced severe disability. Thus, the pain and disability were found significant with negative correlation (r= -0.712, p<0.05). The pain and QoL also showed significant and positive correlation with both Physical Health Component Summary (PHCS) (r= .840, p<0.05) and Mental Health Component Summary (MHCS) (r= 0.446, p<0.05). Regression analysis indicated that pain emerged as an indicator of both disability and QoL (PHCS and MHCS) accounting for 51%, 71% and 21% of the variances respectively. This indicates that pain is an important factor in predicting disability and QoL in LBP sufferers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title="disability">disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20back%20pain" title=" low back pain"> low back pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life "> quality of life </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11696/disability-and-quality-of-life-in-low-back-pain-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Inquiry-based Science Education in Computer Science Learning in Primary School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maslin%20Masrom">Maslin Masrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nik%20Hasnaa%20Nik%20Mahmood"> Nik Hasnaa Nik Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Normeza%20Wan%20Zakaria"> Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizul%20Azizan"> Azizul Azizan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norshaliza%20Kamaruddin"> Norshaliza Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, in science education, the teacher provides facts and the students learn them. It is outmoded for today’s students to equip them with real-life situations, mainly because knowledge and life skills are acquired passively from the instructors. Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) is an approach that allows students to experiment, ask questions, and develop responses based on reasoning. It has provided students and teachers with opportunities to actively engage in collaborative learning via inquiry. This approach inspires the students to become active thinkers, research for solutions, and gain life-long experience and self-confidence. Therefore, the research aims to investigate how the primary-school teacher supports students or pupils through an inquiry-based science education approach for computer science, specifically coding skills. The results are presented and described. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inquiry-based%20science%20education" title="inquiry-based science education">inquiry-based science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centered%20learning" title=" student-centered learning"> student-centered learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20science" title=" computer science"> computer science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school" title=" primary school"> primary school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147613/inquiry-based-science-education-in-computer-science-learning-in-primary-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Investigating Data Normalization Techniques in Swarm Intelligence Forecasting for Energy Commodity Spot Price</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhanis%20Yusof">Yuhanis Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuriani%20Mustaffa"> Zuriani Mustaffa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sakira%20Kamaruddin"> Siti Sakira Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data mining is a fundamental technique in identifying patterns from large data sets. The extracted facts and patterns contribute in various domains such as marketing, forecasting, and medical. Prior to that, data are consolidated so that the resulting mining process may be more efficient. This study investigates the effect of different data normalization techniques, which are Min-max, Z-score, and decimal scaling, on Swarm-based forecasting models. Recent swarm intelligence algorithms employed includes the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). Forecasting models are later developed to predict the daily spot price of crude oil and gasoline. Results showed that GWO works better with Z-score normalization technique while ABC produces better accuracy with the Min-Max. Nevertheless, the GWO is more superior that ABC as its model generates the highest accuracy for both crude oil and gasoline price. Such a result indicates that GWO is a promising competitor in the family of swarm intelligence algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20bee%20colony" title="artificial bee colony">artificial bee colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20normalization" title=" data normalization"> data normalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grey%20Wolf%20optimizer" title=" Grey Wolf optimizer"> Grey Wolf optimizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18294/investigating-data-normalization-techniques-in-swarm-intelligence-forecasting-for-energy-commodity-spot-price" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Comparison of Petrophysical Relationship for Soil Water Content Estimation at Peat Soil Area Using GPR Common-Offset Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Izzati%20Abd%20Karim">Nurul Izzati Abd Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Albati%20Kamaruddin"> Samira Albati Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozaimi%20Che%20Hasan"> Rozaimi Che Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The appropriate petrophysical relationship is needed for Soil Water Content (SWC) estimation especially when using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Ground penetrating radar is a geophysical tool that provides indirectly the parameter of SWC. This paper examines the performance of few published petrophysical relationships to obtain SWC estimates from in-situ GPR common- offset survey measurements with gravimetric measurements at peat soil area. Gravimetric measurements were conducted to support of GPR measurements for the accuracy assessment. Further, GPR with dual frequencies (250MHhz and 700MHz) were used in the survey measurements to obtain the dielectric permittivity. Three empirical equations (i.e., Roth’s equation, Schaap’s equation and Idi’s equation) were selected for the study, used to compute the soil water content from dielectric permittivity of the GPR profile. The results indicate that Schaap’s equation provides strong correlation with SWC as measured by GPR data sets and gravimetric measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common-offset%20measurements" title="common-offset measurements">common-offset measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20penetrating%20radar" title=" ground penetrating radar"> ground penetrating radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrophysical%20relationship" title=" petrophysical relationship"> petrophysical relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water%20content" title=" soil water content"> soil water content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85923/comparison-of-petrophysical-relationship-for-soil-water-content-estimation-at-peat-soil-area-using-gpr-common-offset-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Modeling of Polyethylene Particle Size Distribution in Fluidized Bed Reactors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Marandi">R. Marandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Shahrir"> H. Shahrir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Nejad%20Ghaffar%20Borhani"> T. Nejad Ghaffar Borhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kamaruddin"> M. Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a steady state population balance model was developed to predict the polymer particle size distribution (PSD) in ethylene gas phase fluidized bed olefin polymerization reactors. The multilayer polymeric flow model (MPFM) was used to calculate the growth rate of a single polymer particle under intra-heat and mass transfer resistance. The industrial plant data were used to calculate the growth rate of polymer particle and the polymer PSD. Numerical simulations carried out to describe the influence of effective monomer diffusion coefficient, polymerization rate and initial catalyst size on the catalyst particle growth and final polymer PSD. The results present that the intra-heat and mass limitation is important for the ethylene polymerization, the growth rate of particle and the polymer PSD in the fluidized bed reactor. The effect of the agglomeration on the PSD is also considered. The result presents that the polymer particle size distribution becomes broader as the agglomeration exits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20balance" title="population balance">population balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olefin%20polymerization" title=" olefin polymerization"> olefin polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed%20reactor" title=" fluidized bed reactor"> fluidized bed reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution" title=" particle size distribution"> particle size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomeration" title=" agglomeration"> agglomeration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35596/modeling-of-polyethylene-particle-size-distribution-in-fluidized-bed-reactors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Value in Exchange: The Importance of Users Interaction as the Center of User Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramlan%20Jantan">Ramlan Jantan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norfadilah%20Kamaruddin"> Norfadilah Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriman%20Zainal%20Abidin"> Shahriman Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this era of technology, the co-creation method has become a new development trend. In this light, most design businesses have currently transformed their development strategy from being goods-dominant into service-dominant where more attention is given to the end-users and their roles in the development process. As a result, the conventional development process has been replaced with a more cooperative one. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the extension of co-creation method in the design development process and most studies have focused on issues found during the production process. In the meantime, this study aims to investigate potential values established during the pre-production process, which is also known as the ‘circumstances value creation’. User involvement is questioned and crucially debate at the entry level of pre-production process in value in-exchange jointly spheres; thus user experiences took place. Thus, this paper proposed a potential framework of the co-creation method for Malaysian interactive product development. The framework is formulated from both parties involved: the users and designers. The framework will clearly give an explanation of the value of the co-creation method, and it could assist relevant design industries/companies in developing a blueprint for the design process. This paper further contributes to the literature on the co-creation of value and digital ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation%20method" title="co-creation method">co-creation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation%20framework" title=" co-creation framework"> co-creation framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation" title=" co-creation"> co-creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-production" title=" co-production"> co-production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100837/value-in-exchange-the-importance-of-users-interaction-as-the-center-of-user-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Deformation Behavior of Virgin and Polypropylene Modified Bituminous Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Zainab%20Habib">Noor Zainab Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Kamaruddin"> Ibrahim Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madzlan%20Napiah"> Madzlan Napiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper present a part of research conducted to investigate the creep behavior of bituminous concrete mixture prepared with well graded using the dynamic creep test. The samples were prepared from unmodified control mix and Polypropylene modified bituminous mix. Unmodified or control mix was prepared with 80/100 grade bitumen while polypropylene modified mix was prepared using polypropylene PP polymer as modifier, blended with 80/100 Pen bitumen. The concentration of polymer in the blend was kept at 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of bitumen content. For Dynamic Creep Test, Marshall Specimen were prepared at optimum bitumen content and then tested using IPC Global Universal Testing Machine (UTM), in order to investigate the creep stiffness of both modified and control mix. From the results obtained it was found that 1% and 2% PP modified bituminous mix offer better results in comparison to control and 3% PP modified mix samples. The results verify all the findings of empirical and viscosity test results which indicates that polymer modification induces stiffening effect in the binder. Enhanced viscous component of the binder was considered responsible for this change which eventually enhances the mechanical strength of the modified bituminous mixes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20modified%20bitumen" title="polymer modified bitumen">polymer modified bitumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title=" creep"> creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19345/deformation-behavior-of-virgin-and-polypropylene-modified-bituminous-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process Variables on The Recovery of Extracts from Bentong Ginger: Study on Process Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Syafiq%20Hakimi%20Kamaruddin">Muhamad Syafiq Hakimi Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhidayah%20Suleiman"> Norhidayah Suleiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ginger extracts (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) have been attributed therapeutic properties primarily as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Conventional extractions including Soxhlet and maceration are commonly used to extract the bioactive compounds from plant material. Nevertheless, high energy consumption and being non-environmentally friendly are the predominant limitations of the conventional extractions method. Herein, green technology, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction, is used to study process variables' effects on extract yields. Herein, green technology, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction, is used to study process variables' effects on extract yields. A pressure (10-30 MPa), temperature (40-60 °C), and median particle size (300-600 µm) were conducted at a CO2 flow rate of 0.9 ± 0.2 g/min for 120 mins. The highest overall yield was 4.58% obtained by the scCO2 extraction conditions of 300 bar and 60 °C with 300µm of ginger powder for 120 mins. In comparison, the yield of the extract was increased considerably within a short extraction time. The results show that scCO2 has a remarkable ability over ginger extract and is a promising technology for extracting bioactive compounds from plant material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional" title="conventional">conventional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger" title=" ginger"> ginger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-environmentally" title=" non-environmentally"> non-environmentally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide" title=" supercritical carbon dioxide"> supercritical carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148373/the-effect-of-supercritical-carbon-dioxide-process-variables-on-the-recovery-of-extracts-from-bentong-ginger-study-on-process-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Investigation on Cost Reflective Network Pricing and Modified Cost Reflective Network Pricing Methods for Transmission Service Charges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Iskandar">K. Iskandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20H.%20Radzi"> N. H. Radzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Aziz"> R. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kamaruddin"> M. S. Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Abdullah"> M. N. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Jumaat"> S. A. Jumaat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays many developing countries have been undergoing a restructuring process in the power electricity industry. This process has involved disaggregating former state-owned monopoly utilities both vertically and horizontally and introduced competition. The restructuring process has been implemented by the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) started from 13 December 1998, began operating as a wholesale market for supply of electricity to retailers and end-users in Queensland, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and South Australia. In this deregulated market, one of the important issues is the transmission pricing. Transmission pricing is a service that recovers existing and new cost of the transmission system. The regulation of the transmission pricing is important in determining whether the transmission service system is economically beneficial to both side of the users and utilities. Therefore, an efficient transmission pricing methodology plays an important role in the Australian NEM. In this paper, the transmission pricing methodologies that have been implemented by the Australian NEM which are the Cost Reflective Network Pricing (CRNP) and Modified Cost Reflective Network Pricing (MCRNP) methods are investigated for allocating the transmission service charges to the transmission users. A case study using 6-bus system is used in order to identify the best method that reflects a fair and equitable transmission service charge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-reflective%20network%20pricing%20method" title="cost-reflective network pricing method">cost-reflective network pricing method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20cost-reflective%20network%20pricing%20method" title=" modified cost-reflective network pricing method"> modified cost-reflective network pricing method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restructuring%20process" title=" restructuring process"> restructuring process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20pricing" title=" transmission pricing"> transmission pricing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62287/investigation-on-cost-reflective-network-pricing-and-modified-cost-reflective-network-pricing-methods-for-transmission-service-charges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Impact of Sustainable Farm Management on Paddy Farmers’ Livelihood: The Case of Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roslina%20Kamaruddin">Roslina Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paddy farmer’s performance and ability to improve productivity for increased incomes is driven by their level of farm management practices. Knowledge on the nature and level of sustainable farm management (SFM) practice provides opportunities for supporting the competitive advantages of paddy farmers to sustainably break away from the poverty cycle. Little attention has been given to measuring the performance and impact of SFM for the improvement of paddy farmer's livelihood in Malaysia. Without understanding SFM, it is difficult to make policies and provide targeted, impactful support to paddy farmers. The objective of this study is to assess the level of SFM among paddy farmers by calculating the Sustainable Farm Management Index (SFMI) using the Rice Check (RC) guideline established by the Department of Agriculture. The structured questionnaire was designed to capture the nine elements of farming practices based on the RC and was then distributed to 788 paddy farmers in Malaysia's main granary areas, namely MADA, KADA, and BLS. Each practice was given a score to determine whether the guidelines were followed. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with 0 being unsustainable and 100 being highly sustainable. A multiple regression analysis was employed as well to estimate the effects of SFM adoption on farmer livelihoods. The findings show that adopting SFM has a positive and significant effect on farmers' livelihoods. The paper, therefore, recommends that farmers should be educated on the importance of sustainable farming practices as this is essential for the sustainable livelihood development of poor farmers who rely on government subsidies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20farm%20management" title="sustainable farm management">sustainable farm management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paddy%20farming" title=" paddy farming"> paddy farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20check" title=" rice check"> rice check</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granary%20areas" title=" granary areas"> granary areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers%20livelihood" title=" farmers livelihood"> farmers livelihood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163764/the-impact-of-sustainable-farm-management-on-paddy-farmers-livelihood-the-case-of-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Chemometric Determination of the Geographical Origin of Milk Samples in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shima%20Behkami">Shima Behkami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Shahirul%20Umirah%20Idris"> Nor Shahirul Umirah Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifuddin%20Md.%20Zain"> Sharifuddin Md. Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kah%20Hin%20Low"> Kah Hin Low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Gholami"> Mehrdad Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20A.%20Behkami"> Nima A. Behkami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Firdaus%20Kamaruddin"> Ahmad Firdaus Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Ultrasound Milko Tester were used to study milk samples obtained from various geographical locations in Malaysia. ICP-MS was used to determine the concentration of trace elements in milk, water and soil samples obtained from seven dairy farms at different geographical locations in peninsular Malaysia. IRMS was used to analyze the milk samples for isotopic ratios of δ13C, 15N and 18O. Nutritional parameters in the milk samples were determined using an ultrasound milko tester. Data obtained from these measurements were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Analysis (HA) as a preliminary step in determining geographical origin of these milk samples. It is observed that the isotopic ratios and a number of the nutritional parameters are responsible for the discrimination of the samples. It was also observed that it is possible to determine the geographical origin of these milk samples solely by the isotopic ratios of δ13C, 15N and 18O. The accuracy of the geographical discrimination is demonstrated when several milk samples from a milk factory taken from one of the regions under study were appropriately assigned to the correct PCA cluster. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductively%20coupled%20plasma%20mass%20spectroscopy%20ICP-MS" title="inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ICP-MS">inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ICP-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotope%20ratio%20mass%20spectroscopy%20IRMS" title=" isotope ratio mass spectroscopy IRMS"> isotope ratio mass spectroscopy IRMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20analysis" title=" hierarchical analysis"> hierarchical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographical%20origin" title=" geographical origin"> geographical origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk" title=" milk"> milk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10260/chemometric-determination-of-the-geographical-origin-of-milk-samples-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Implementation of Unclos 1982 on Capture Fisheries in the Case of Illegal Fishing in the Waters of Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habson%20Batubara">Habson Batubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patawari"> Patawari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Mery"> Lisa Mery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syaichuddin"> Mohammad Syaichuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitti%20Faridah"> Sitti Faridah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah"> Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akmal"> Akmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Gafur"> Abdul Gafur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Sudrajad"> Iman Sudrajad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lideman"> Lideman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuani%20Mundaya"> Yuani Mundaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaruddin"> Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslimin"> Muslimin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Jompa"> Herlina Jompa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joula%20Sondack"> Joula Sondack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nani%20Undap"> Nani Undap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Winanda"> Elisa Winanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfandi%20Amin"> Arfandi Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the status of the law, legislation, and its implementation against Foreign Nationals (WNA) Illegal Fishing Business Actors in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), based on the Indonesian Positive Law and UNCLOS 1982. The research method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach to study the Fisheries Criminal Verdict (Tipikan) and the Bitung District Court / Fisheries SIPP from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that cases of Illegal Fishing by Foreign Nationals (WNA) in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were examined, tried, and decided in accordance with the fisheries law, criminal sanctions were not in accordance with and contrary to Indonesian positive law, both criminal law and fisheries law, but followed and were in line with UNCLOS Year 1982. Legal status and responsibility are only imposed on the master as the leader on board the ship as the representative of the ship owner/company. Meanwhile, the application of Indonesia's positive law to Unclos in 1982 was only in the form of fines and confiscation of evidence as an effort to seek compensation for illegal fishing activities in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Zone (EEZ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEZ" title="EEZ">EEZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20fishing" title=" illegal fishing"> illegal fishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WNA" title=" WNA"> WNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20law" title=" positive law"> positive law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unclos%201982" title=" Unclos 1982"> Unclos 1982</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501/implementation-of-unclos-1982-on-capture-fisheries-in-the-case-of-illegal-fishing-in-the-waters-of-indonesias-exclusive-economic-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> A Simple, Precise and Cost Effective PTFE Container Design Capable to Work in Domestic Microwave Oven</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Gholami">Mehrdad Gholami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shima%20Behkami"> Shima Behkami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifuddin%20B.%20Md.%20Zain"> Sharifuddin B. Md. Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firdaus%20A.%20B.%20Kamaruddin"> Firdaus A. B. Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starting from the first application of a microwave oven for sample preparation in 1975 for the purpose of wet ashing of biological samples using a domestic microwave oven, many microwave-assisted dissolution vessels have been developed. The advanced vessels are armed with special safety valve that release the excess of pressure while the vessels are in critical conditions due to applying high power of microwave. Nevertheless, this releasing of pressure may cause lose of volatile elements. In this study Teflon bottles are designed with relatively thicker wall compared to commercial ones and a silicone based polymer was used to prepare an O-ring which plays the role of safety valve. In this design, eight vessels are located in an ABS holder to keep them stable and safe. The advantage of these vessels is that they need only 2 mL of HNO3 and 1mL H2O2 to digest different environmental samples, namely, sludge, apple leave, peach leave, spinach leave and tomato leave. In order to investigate the performance of this design an ICP-MS instrument was applied for multi elemental analysis of 20 elements on the SRM of above environmental samples both using this design and a commercial microwave digestion design. Very comparable recoveries were obtained from this simple design with the commercial one. Considering the price of ultrapure chemicals and the amount of them which normally is about 8-10 mL, these simple vessels with the procedures that will be discussed in detail are very cost effective and very suitable for environmental studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inductively%20coupled%20plasma%20mass%20spectroscopy%20%28ICP-MS%29" title="inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS)">inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE%20vessels" title=" PTFE vessels"> PTFE vessels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teflon%20bombs" title=" Teflon bombs"> Teflon bombs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20digestion" title=" microwave digestion"> microwave digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20element" title=" trace element"> trace element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10305/a-simple-precise-and-cost-effective-ptfe-container-design-capable-to-work-in-domestic-microwave-oven" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Potential of Acanthaster Plancii Fractions as Anti-Atherosclerotic Agent by Inhibiting the Expression of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurjannatul%20Naim%20Kamaruddin">Nurjannatul Naim Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengku%20Sifziuzl%20Tengku%20Muhammad"> Tengku Sifziuzl Tengku Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aina%20Farahiyah%20Abdul%20Manan"> Aina Farahiyah Abdul Manan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atherosclerosis which leads to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, unstable angina (ischemic heart pain), sudden cardiac death and stroke is the principal cause of death worldwide. It has been a very critical issue as current common drug treatment, statin therapy has left bad side effects like rhabdomyolysis, atrial fibrillation, liver disease, abdominal and chest pain. Interestingly, the discoveries of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 have paved a new way in the treatment of atherosclerosis. This serine protease is believed to involve in the regulation of LDL- uptake by LDL-receptor. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Acanthaster plancii fractions to reduce the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. In this study, the marine organism which is Acanthaster plancii has been used as the source for marine compounds in inhibiting PCSK9. The cytotoxicity activity of ten fractions from the methanol extracts of Acanthaster plancii was investigated on HepG2 cell lines using MTS assay and dual glo luciferase assay was carried out later to analyses the effects of the samples in reducing the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. Both assays used fractions with five different concentrations, 3.13µg/mL, 6.25µg/mL, 12.5µg/mL, 25µg/mL, and 50µg/mL. MTS assay indicated that the fractions are non-cytotoxic towards HepG2 cell lines as their IC50 value is greater than 30µg/mL. Whilst, for the dual glo luciferase assay, among all the fractions, Enhance Fraction 2 (EF2) showed the best potential in reducing the transcriptional activity of the PCSK9 promoter. The results indicated that this EF2 gave the lowest PCSK9 promoter expression at low concentration which is 0.2 fold change at 6.25µg/mL. This finding suggested that further analysis should be done to validate the potential of Acanthaster plancii as the source of anti-atherosclerotic agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthaster%20plancii" title="Acanthaster plancii">Acanthaster plancii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atherosclerosis" title=" atherosclerosis"> atherosclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luciferase%20assay" title=" luciferase assay"> luciferase assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCSK9" title=" PCSK9"> PCSK9</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96387/the-potential-of-acanthaster-plancii-fractions-as-anti-atherosclerotic-agent-by-inhibiting-the-expression-of-proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin-type-9" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Impact of Virtual Learning Strategy on Youth Learning Motivation in Malaysian Higher Learning Instituitions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafizah%20Harun">Hafizah Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habibah%20Harun"> Habibah Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azlina%20Kamaruddin"> Azlina Kamaruddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual reality has become a powerful and promising tool in education because of their unique technological characteristics that differentiate them from the other ICT applications. Despite the numerous interpretations of its definition, virtual reality can be concisely and precisely described as the integration of computer graphics and various input and display technologies to create the illusion of immersion in a computer generated reality. Generally, there are two major types based on the level of interaction and immersive environment that are immersive and non-immersive virtual reality. In the study of the role of virtual reality in built environment education, Horne and Thompson were reported as saying that the benefits of using visualization technologies were seen as having the potential to improve and extend the learning process, increase student motivation and awareness, and add to the diversity of teaching methods. Youngblut reported that students enjoy working with virtual worlds and this experience can be highly motivating. The impact of virtual reality on youth learning in Malaysia is currently not well explored because the technology is still not widely used here. Only a handful of the universities, such as University Malaya, MMU, and Unimas are applying virtual reality strategy in some of their undergraduate programs. From the literature, it has been identified that there are several virtual reality learning strategies currently available. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of Virtual Reality strategy on Youth Learning Motivation in Malaysian higher learning institutions. We will explore the relationship between virtual reality (gaming, laboratory, simulation) and youth leaning motivation. Another aspect that we will explore is the framework for virtual reality implementation at higher learning institution in Malaysia. This study will be carried out quantitatively by distributing questionnaires to respondents from sample universities. Data analysis are descriptive and multiple regression. Researcher will carry out a pilot test prior to distributing the questionnaires to 300 undergraduate students who are undergoing their courses in virtual reality environment. The respondents come from two universities, MMU CyberJaya and University Malaya. The expected outcomes from this study are the identification of which virtual reality strategy has most impact on students’ motivation in learning and a proposed framework of virtual reality implementation at higher learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20strategy" title=" learning strategy"> learning strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20learning" title=" youth learning"> youth learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8627/the-impact-of-virtual-learning-strategy-on-youth-learning-motivation-in-malaysian-higher-learning-instituitions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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