CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353749e8c1926c',cH: '7UMWhGhlGYzRXmjkFOhhtwVcFFz6Xcdv7Zr33vXcSkw-1739789421-1.2.1.1-Aod8R_2riaYlD6u5lg7ah2fshGK22JqJlEUYvkDBzTkHJ2H3UC5On2Pjg4bDdrlh',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=common-offset%20measurements&__cf_chl_tk=g8j1vGZbm0dg1hpY9qC2sjaB_n3o8H7Z3kHunrhFK.w-1739789421-1.0.1.1-Ob6nQUVT0.Vi979NxqFejAzkIunRBrZQRW.qhA__QtI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789421',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=common-offset%20measurements&__cf_chl_f_tk=g8j1vGZbm0dg1hpY9qC2sjaB_n3o8H7Z3kHunrhFK.w-1739789421-1.0.1.1-Ob6nQUVT0.Vi979NxqFejAzkIunRBrZQRW.qhA__QtI",md: "GGz.mPFEALvyGpWycKuPVhIo7vukwrE69VXeXalOUwA-1739789421-1.2.1.1-9aEEzM97y9K9qJA9Ag4wZI..qu1HatVQ1qu7tbKQl7XiVJo_DXrlJBhnn_2AgUj6svwgRktwTTRaTNRu3iI9ktp1woB.3nXk1Iwxzx2aPh8NZT56PwzOQASwAdIZCme6WiX1s3zV7.DB7HCSf8UGwO54HbGLUCkHlNAz0U67uCClL2P_txoCtP4GgVSFPzHqU8sPLFCt0UrrHWg9IL2YQPUNJTfRuP6.Qh0.N3mFUay0VO0xydSdRosMOIJ5jpu6ppfhCFuXNa_dtQHI3iaRAbbRdzMyhhajpOFjtxNICP7n1ExNJOQodrb7gpY2quF54lh4RenwrIrAFjc.oO6Cqs61Pts8.CNr6ftO.2P7D6uRFTfd8XM.F5ao6f5csk8Zby5KBmLJC4vcYN1oM679atYW_iWZZZsr_wvXNAF.puaffrN5lflSn0AirmC874MzeBnxGrbx4.B_gqHJTFpSSe880lewNoi1yMHdSYCzR4lLZBgrTkeEtx8iTJgK22H.X0Rl49CYrDt06VhVt77UJL3Kx5f40pNUjNiwj3p0wILXRNNeDOEKoRTQ1mcS0zIeK2FvDh5tUZ1oI.d0EgyOcK2tisVkgLGcbvCT0x34CgyaqkwC0.XegWw4u77vo6ukpyAqTSjQEsg4a6PP8u6RARIx_CRY1DHNZBnugtjHSvkPsrwGaq7F2PH4WKxuZeNFxrrWRBEL3T5IP7rlXwRGC_obL6Mp0zyfODiyma11YI_52Z2QFd2WNfEJ.lqQaUU9IqbWXscEmkstv4wkP1gmY9obaiVWd5x7e0f4EvfdzHFMYgW10inGwJfTXfMq4Vy9h8XMolJtAiDKbtWQt561o8.jEP19Jy5roIW7aZvhWXXbTMeJGVRk5YS612p0HA0kCrwU_zU3HXFDNCRovgCCElL6EM4LPJPRjlzzpbK44loStkGwKjy0EwJz0aQv0adQoDo33ZuCzzfNi1lvrV792ucJcVkEQKpWyyfJtNwmuwWobu2aQYWcKyfTIPvIctrAA6MXPsB.jPRO1UfyFrPDG1ZrVTHCndm2FhAp3j62d6LTFi4S6s0LjfiNbny6acQt5oWSmV2oBNXeC1tdaloZyPagHM6G_r_2IZEK1v8S0EIbCYo602zLy_hPZNXn_aDRCTL.VWQJFhThknTZ8B7ZOJRtuWh8gXpacnYZPFzMgd4b0JWLVUV5y_d.jaXKogs97JlXAcXnsoOpMLBZp4wBVg_s0RW_mH4SxPEFrZCOUTdpcbSdRzTTsTdqX6sKEsMn.naO74.aYPEPnbemRfzbVqCLQHB4hRQqldhAaGvL8AJnrJ9Ya0vFtzpgW.WzWHgIPIsGb2oVe0bsO1ZUrBMmYKJ4algU1UbOzxxvkRiZknjOPsjNvr1Oo4cOVekv0U1tWVoXybcexrWO0cK4Z_qFnh9x5lRPuM0fUJVZYOygUADiKHNzeVypPv93rSfN9cLkr4FVJt9ycq9rth15vHlMkY5E8VZCEtYZQ4N4yX9vpOL4J8B2iKYF_qAsekHDQeDERa_g89UG6d10vQEhRFzoUtCPZ5xOqtlcCV0_lY1y3BjyrK104vAY2gBqnLzSuJGxDXSXcbfZuz7LiaQkp1zL0SY_SczukwWrvGNSHKENeHyVsCy9ehnL7ETnmEFTj.oMPurgk4NtXjfFytmC91lhC2SYTlRCU0xR4Pw.SPZMp6pBEfF0qoy_BXE5fXzrsxqjNildUY_QuXzd3QsFTwiQGEK77KeFv2E1AFgf7vpIq7AcP_qo74FhSE2rXeYR3vqktKjRfAOaPFyXKfA5gBvZ13bvIr7M20VtRLRF9upvQ.O9XvkbezOXE364hsfjTJ1qmFess_0V2Hw_L95kZlHKxlvemNW9ll_2ZwfhKObF9ooOJslCz5gaEwjTP6_iTnX7TbyRe8842fsDq1wEiCrTzII_qK6e_J1cuXsa7nG4HIBvUJWF58bDvyk.lhIHe_fB",mdrd: "lf5sefWouxz60AMykq3JaE_DCFjDA_7kxhadq7Ekr2k-1739789421-1.2.1.1-UxmN_jZoFD7TynV6seMaHvJvn4IK8_CGcXAboPveDOz3Q7TfLRbgfWbiocVnGqOhrVib3MN6OoKmkexjxI0igOPMLBVDZkU0Zi0.eUmDAC2iWsl1A_bMRl.5ormn7ILd_0WKuQp0UZP3H66ZKE9_fwUm2HRV.pDcsNkHeoPg789ygyuxfEsWIGi6FJXPNOJlTDE3bR1NMUtpUo7jCygBy4BvgFncRXF0e_69wrdb0iba8DpSvf21JqpMXTz_OvZjP.qbdgVV5TtcFNCNwRl_Wru.n5C_P61ReiN6m8c7HV51Z.rv2EjFuUzs6AbWFzI4wkNV7.7mXEWm7iEQ31ackQt6SJoTpFnyfU6fnC4jqinwcjCobodiJJqP_YlJfWdoBbMkFRtp3faTbhQyfXU3lxf8xjP1O5noZhfb1HFOEPcdbc15ivYe._Ae_sjqvy4FVsgbu8izf7uItN.G2WkxcPb962iTwNwfwfcpAuvjz7toj6r5Q5YLKJmIYn.CM8hbMIVjMyo07ls4j_a.GwvLtMXvKAMoVKH1FOvqDYUe1HSbj4JUAkAYOTpztI4a.we4tKFWApCDw4NyzqV1AYq356UGeS8VYvvMHEF3.nXQuZlnfDLQE9JeW6qat.3YZwMyGYwxquQCIUuLQROnyXrKPaJZrYw5yh1o7zyqnU9KUvJtBEBHzMjrrgkfRrMKG2iPkJoPAEWfSLloZcVsxE7ndjeuHhSxqe3An387nqtMQeOhe.MWRa74xtkPFxL0aQzaIHQb995G6I.vLrcDLftlwvQd8LuwHZteT7kvEuf6v_mo_Vo9mCOGw_7sB.BicxQMXeczi8ZnjfEw5hcShMtbjTRcOK8.v1mJabjoMrAoBstXUFxo1_v5FTfFlzfvrPwjCnYzbSHPiFBi9sgElFWxbtWyU4JzxNLGzN2Zxxd6th_RaCmm.PWvUnJsD2GCaZFy507K5AfBoQd8HpRMdrIaSvcoXGuKIDt9WH3uRM84t2w5U7q6ktaWkM6RdSJYVJ0N9waoxTYro0KGyfS2mfGNJ3BAURz9LKHoueZoGjpOT3q0n6G8rkKI64Gk2IilSQ3PgYbqmOQVf5Z5CbLFzoU3R4eBBER4i1voTNRGgf5gsXvY.4.m_kQxsnvkIQPPklctX_KPuLjb8MapauwDTEH4rEdt.VVi63uC0XAOTNtdnlZ5Hs1H1RVFuMf2N.qM982ffPe.zwiqniJPTxFga1b5M5f6JQyIvv9fmnFXcAk4yOyxuaUtmuS2kqLwZfMGI4G8bYz13L_X4DCD3xXAoHhb9A9KpewT1N4Hp1NGs0pgzzxLIyHNLPk5SwjbfbUJ.CRKlPgXXNQiOQqTXD1eUuCHqhMqmnT8RlFOm6LW.X8.I.9xcmom8JZtTk6WZg9lRBgxn8vUQMl5q2QY5aiGYlAMC.fEhdNDKdNxNYP1Tj6mHuKO9ZVO7hN5N0dOUB.fsgq3lXBRQ.v3eDFpQl1oX2.vh.qH6v6fCtL1pnZ5vSjr1rQStNxgN3vFk_TJ9mVRn7GGI0apdd1n2ZE1nzMuScCqXxcEnDVERoecmFM5sgLC0.poNqhPVML9rAcfGE8uAUWMvFwvEYrPBtlD9QADeNN2WHc.x9W0YD58NjIpK7SSE_mwTyrX4M8JjzPVtC3Py.qJdH56tH_523ZbIvJWbCXcHOXZtcf1evT0z0hHdeq49WM.vVmgpkB6jlfik5WJcvIkv5vvFWgUPJSMkhNcKDmjYXGAmHjRH2Ql85Xwx9PLrLR56Nd262a_MipvT0AI240CnjDJVLriOf.BVmCQ741oG8cHVtxPvcW3JHVr3.K_jf7nNbz.pSCidP0.5Nl2VS6PitoCWkQh9BJF0kyFJo.ANjXPZWhAaGLvYgj1rG.QOOQUN6sG9_3wCmHUjuF45uT4xHC6hJO7dtUIu_oyZgyF9XAvHAmzGgX5kN9QEurBF8deUmSWPUTIlzV8DEn031Y_6sAdYuVaaFrh2p5nFwQudQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353749e8c1926c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=common-offset%20measurements&__cf_chl_rt_tk=g8j1vGZbm0dg1hpY9qC2sjaB_n3o8H7Z3kHunrhFK.w-1739789421-1.0.1.1-Ob6nQUVT0.Vi979NxqFejAzkIunRBrZQRW.qhA__QtI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>