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<li id="toc-Choice_of_location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choice_of_location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Choice of location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choice_of_location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simple_refinery:_1924–1939" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple_refinery:_1924–1939"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Simple refinery: 1924–1939</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple_refinery:_1924–1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrochemical_complex:_1946–1975" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrochemical_complex:_1946–1975"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Petrochemical complex: 1946–1975</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrochemical_complex:_1946–1975-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Sea_oil:_1975–2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Sea_oil:_1975–2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>North Sea oil: 1975–2004</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Sea_oil:_1975–2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-BP_period:_2004–2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-BP_period:_2004–2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-BP period: 2004–2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-BP_period:_2004–2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_closure_and_transition_to_import_terminal:_2023–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_closure_and_transition_to_import_terminal:_2023–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Planned closure and transition to import terminal: 2023–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planned_closure_and_transition_to_import_terminal:_2023–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_output_share" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_output_share"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Annual output share</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_output_share-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Safety record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ineos_industrial_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ineos_industrial_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ineos industrial disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ineos_industrial_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grangemouth_Refinery&params=56.018_N_3.698_W_type:landmark_region:GB_scale:10000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°01′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°41′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.018°N 3.698°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.018; -3.698</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Oil refinery complex located on the Firth of Forth in Grangemouth, Scotland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Grangemouth Refinery</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grangemouth04nov06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/235px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/353px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Grangemouth04nov06.jpg/470px-Grangemouth04nov06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Overview of the <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a> plant</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grangemouth Refinery is located in Scotland"><img alt="Grangemouth Refinery is located in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/235px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/353px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/470px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.646%;left:60.738%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grangemouth Refinery"><img alt="Grangemouth Refinery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the Grangemouth Refinery in Scotland</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth" title="Grangemouth">Grangemouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grangemouth_Refinery&params=56.018_N_3.698_W_type:landmark_region:GB_scale:10000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°01′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°41′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.018°N 3.698°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.018; -3.698</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Refinery details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petroineos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petroineos (page does not exist)">Petroineos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos">Ineos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commissioned</th><td class="infobox-data">1924<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1924</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">700 hectares (1,700 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">140,000 bbl/d (22,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of employees</th><td class="infobox-data">500 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Refining units</th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of oil tanks</th><td class="infobox-data">200+</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grangemouth Refinery</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a> complex located on the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth" title="Grangemouth">Grangemouth</a>, Scotland, currently operated by <a href="/wiki/Ineos#Joint_ventures" title="Ineos">Petroineos</a>. It is the only operating crude oil refinery in Scotland and currently one of the six remaining refineries in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grangemouth is the oldest refinery in the UK and supplies 65% of Scotland's oil products, including petrol and diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choice_of_location">Choice of location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Choice of location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grangemouth Refinery commenced operation in 1924 as <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Oils">Scottish Oils</a>. Its location at Grangemouth was selected due to the adjacent Grangemouth Docks which supported the import by ship of <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> crude oils for feedstock, plus the cheap availability of large areas of reclaimed flat land. Another important factor was the abundant availability of skilled labour in <a href="/wiki/Shale_oil" title="Shale oil">shale oil</a> refining: the first oil works in the world, 'Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company Limited', had opened in 1851 at Boghead near <a href="/wiki/Bathgate" title="Bathgate">Bathgate</a>, to produce oil from shale or coal using the process patented in 1850 by <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> scientist Dr <a href="/wiki/James_Young_(Scottish_chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Young (Scottish chemist)">James Young</a> (known as "Paraffin" Young), for "<i>treating bituminous coals to obtain paraffine therefrom</i>". </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Ignacy_%C5%81ukasiewicz#Petroleum_industry_and_oil_lamp" title="Ignacy Łukasiewicz">the world's first oil wells</a> coming on-line in 1854 in Poland, the global price of oil dropped and many Scottish shale oil works became uneconomical and had to either close or concentrate production on other materials. By 1910 only five major Scottish shale oil companies remained, fighting to remain competitive against cheaper imported American oil. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> the British government helped to develop new fields in Arabia to provide cheap oil to sustain the war effort. This drove prices even lower to a point where the shale oil industry was unable to compete, and as a result in 1919 the six surviving companies (including Youngs) came together under the management of the newly formed Scottish Oils. That same year Scottish Oils was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company" title="Anglo-Persian Oil Company">Anglo-Persian Oil Company</a>, a forerunner of the British Petroleum Company (later known as <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simple_refinery:_1924–1939"><span id="Simple_refinery:_1924.E2.80.931939"></span>Simple refinery: 1924–1939</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Simple refinery: 1924–1939"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The refinery operated from 1924 to 1939 at a throughput of 360,000 tonnes per year. It was then forced to shut down between 1939 and 1946 by <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the resulting drying up of crude feedstock imports. When operations recommenced in 1946, the refinery underwent several major expansion programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petrochemical_complex:_1946–1975"><span id="Petrochemical_complex:_1946.E2.80.931975"></span>Petrochemical complex: 1946–1975</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Petrochemical complex: 1946–1975"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1940s the Distiller's Company Ltd were investigating synthetic processes for the production of alcohol, to replace the traditional <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a> process using <a href="/wiki/Molasses" title="Molasses">molasses</a> and so resolve issues with unreliability of supply and the associated cost fluctuations. This business need combined with BP's interest in petrochemical development resulted in 1947 in the formation of a joint company, British Hydrocarbon Chemicals Ltd. The new company located its site adjacent the existing BP Grangemouth Refinery, using available feedstock from the refinery byproduct streams. This petrochemical plant was commissioned in 1951, the first in Europe. </p><p>In the 1950s the refinery was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Finnart_Oil_Terminal" title="Finnart Oil Terminal">Finnart Oil Terminal</a> on <a href="/wiki/Loch_Long" title="Loch Long">Loch Long</a> on the west coast of Scotland by a 58-mile (93 km) pipeline, to allow the import of crudes via deep-water jetty, which supported the use of larger <a href="/wiki/Oil_tankers" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil tankers">oil tankers</a>. The first crude oil import from Finnart was in 1952. </p><p>In the 1990s, a second line was also installed, to allow the direct supply of finished refinery products to the Finnart terminal, primarily for export to markets in Ireland. </p><p>In the 1960s, a pilot "proteins-from-oil" production facility was built at the refinery. It used <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>'s technology for feeding n-<a href="/wiki/Alkane" title="Alkane">paraffins</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, in order to produce <a href="/wiki/Single_cell_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Single cell protein">single cell protein</a> for poultry and cattle feed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Sea_oil:_1975–2004"><span id="North_Sea_oil:_1975.E2.80.932004"></span>North Sea oil: 1975–2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North Sea oil: 1975–2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975 the discovery of <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a> brought the commissioning of the Kinneil <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil_stabilisation" title="Crude oil stabilisation">Crude Oil Stabilisation</a> Terminal, which connected directly into the <a href="/wiki/Forties_pipeline_system" title="Forties pipeline system">Forties pipeline system</a>; this plant served to stabilise Forties crude oil for either export to third parties or feeding into the refinery, and allowed the processing of North Sea oil as part of the refinery crude 'slate' of feedstocks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-BP_period:_2004–2023"><span id="Post-BP_period:_2004.E2.80.932023"></span>Post-BP period: 2004–2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-BP period: 2004–2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004 BP decided to divest its worldwide olefins and derivatives business: the sale included the refinery and connected petrochemicals complex (excluding the Kinneil terminal and Forties Pipeline System, which BP retained until FPS was sold to <a href="/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos">Ineos</a> in 2017). </p><p>In 2005 the new company created to run this business was named Innovene, which later that year was purchased by Ineos, the largest privately owned chemicals company based in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos Refining, which included both the Grangemouth and <a href="/wiki/Lavera_Refinery" title="Lavera Refinery">Lavéra</a> (outside <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, France) Refineries, in 2011 entered into a 50%/50% joint venture with the Chinese state oil company <a href="/wiki/Petrochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochina">Petrochina</a>, to form Petroineos. </p><p>In November 2020, Petroineos announced the mothballing of the oldest of the three <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_refining_processes#The_crude_oil_distillation_unit" title="Petroleum refining processes">Crude Oil Distillation Units</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking" title="Fluid catalytic cracking">Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit</a>, both of which had been shut down since the start of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. This would also be accompanied by the loss of up to 200 jobs, or around 1/3 of the permanent workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Petroineos blamed this restructuring on the reduction in demand for road and jet fuels, a direct result of the pandemic, combined with a gradual long-term increase in the electrification of road vehicles, and a decreased reliance on fossil fuels. This would reduce the total refinery throughput from 210,000 to 150,000 barrels per stream day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planned_closure_and_transition_to_import_terminal:_2023–present"><span id="Planned_closure_and_transition_to_import_terminal:_2023.E2.80.93present"></span>Planned closure and transition to import terminal: 2023–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Planned closure and transition to import terminal: 2023–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2023, Petroineos announced that it would cease manufacturing operations at the refinery by 2025 and convert Grangemouth into a terminal for the import, storage and distribution of a range of fuels including petrol, diesel and aviation fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company said this was due to its forecast of "'dramatically reduced demand for key fuels we produce'" and the ongoing demand reduction for road fuel from the electrification of road vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closure of the refining plant will result in around 450 job losses with approximately 100 jobs retained post the transition.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, Petroineos further confirmed that the closure would take place no later than June 2025. The new Grangemouth Terminal would employ around 75 personnel. </p><p>Beside the Refinery, <a href="/wiki/Finnart_Oil_Terminal" title="Finnart Oil Terminal">Finnart Oil Terminal</a> on <a href="/wiki/Loch_Long" title="Loch Long">Loch Long</a> as well as the two cross-country pipelines connecting the two will close, in the same timescale..<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transition will also result in the sale or closure of the Petroineos owned <a href="/wiki/Dalston,_Cumbria" title="Dalston, Cumbria">Dalston</a> Oil Terminal in Cumbria, which is supplied from the Refinery Rail Loading Terminal, and then supplies transport fuels to local customers in the North-West of England. The final fuel shipment to the terminal is expected by the end of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grangemouth7_December.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grangemouth7_December.jpg/220px-Grangemouth7_December.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grangemouth7_December.jpg/330px-Grangemouth7_December.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grangemouth7_December.jpg/440px-Grangemouth7_December.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>December 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grangemouth Refinery is a major landmark, with its numerous <a href="/wiki/Gas_flare" title="Gas flare">gas flares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling towers</a> visible across a wide area of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a>. </p><p>Scenes from the 2013 film <i><a href="/wiki/World_War_Z_(film)" title="World War Z (film)">World War Z</a></i> featuring <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> were filmed near the chemicals plant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The refinery has a 'nameplate' capacity for processing 140,000 barrels (22,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> daily. It currently employs about 500 permanent staff, and a further 350 contractors over a 700 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a> site. </p><p>It processed approximately 400,000 tonnes of imported crude oil annually until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, and subsequent expansion programmes have increased refining capacity to in excess of 10 million tonnes per year.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The INEOS-owned North Sea <a href="/wiki/Forties_pipeline_system" title="Forties pipeline system">Forties pipeline system</a> terminates at the Kinneil processing facility, and surplus crude is exported via pipeline to the Dalmeny tank farm, and subsequently shipped out from the Hound Point marine terminal onto <a href="/wiki/Oil_tankers" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil tankers">oil tankers</a> of up to 350,000 DWT which are able to navigate the shallow water of the Forth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annual_output_share">Annual output share</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Annual output share"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">Petrol</a> - 22%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel</a> - 24%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a> - 13%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas oil">Gas oil</a> - 8%</li> <li>Fuel oil - 15%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a>/petrochemical feedstocks - 12%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Fuel gas</a>/other - 6%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Waste</a> - 1%</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_record">Safety record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Safety record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg/220px-Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg/330px-Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg/440px-Grangemouthfrombathgateoct2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4538" data-file-height="3025" /></a><figcaption>Refinery from the Bathgate Hills</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the refinery's biggest accidents happened at 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>am on Sunday 22 March 1987 when the <a href="/wiki/Cracking_(chemistry)#Hydrocracking" title="Cracking (chemistry)">HydroCracker Unit</a> exploded. The resulting vibrations and noise could be heard up to 30 km away. The resulting fire burned for most of the day. One worker was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just 9 days earlier on 13 March, another incident occurred involving the refinery flare line, the resulting fireball killed two workers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> the previous owners of the plant, were fined £1m for breaching safety laws during a series of incidents which occurred in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos went to court in April 2008 over claims that it had polluted the <a href="/wiki/River_Forth" title="River Forth">River Forth</a> in mid-2007.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ineos_industrial_disputes">Ineos industrial disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ineos industrial disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, Ineos proposed that plant workers start contributing a share towards their own pensions (a final salary pension scheme<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), instead of the existing non-contributory fixed salary pensions. The request would have obliged future new entry employees to pay 6% of their salary, phased in over a six-year period. 97% of the Unite <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a>'s 1,250 members at Grangemouth voted in favour of <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike action</a>. David Watt, of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Directors" title="Institute of Directors">Institute of Directors</a> in Scotland, stated that the average Grangemouth Refinery plant worker earns £40,000 per year (nearly twice the Scottish average.)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was disputed by the Deputy General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">Scottish Trades Union Congress</a>, Dave Moxham, who stated that they earn £30,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-news.bbc.co.uk_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strike began on 27 April 2008, and lasted until 29 April.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">petrol</a> supply of Scotland was affected by the strike, as <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a> led some petrol stations across the country to run dry.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Retail_Motor_Industry_Federation" title="Retail Motor Industry Federation">Retail Motor Industry Federation</a> stated that there was a stock of fuel that could last 70 days, easily covering the lapse in production so long as no panic buying occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the shutdown of the plant, BP closed the <a href="/wiki/Forties_pipeline_system" title="Forties pipeline system">Forties pipeline system</a> as their Kinneil terminal relies on power from the Grangemouth refinery.<sup id="cite_ref-opec_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opec-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the shutdown of Kinneil, 70 North Sea oil platforms were forced to shut down or reduce production, at the cost of 700,000 barrels per day (110,000 m<sup>3</sup>/d).<sup id="cite_ref-opec_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opec-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shutting the pipeline down reduced Britain's petroleum supply (the Forties pipeline provides 30% of the UK's North Sea oil), and cost the <a href="/wiki/UK_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="UK economy">UK economy</a> £50 million in lost production every day it remained closed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was further industrial action in 2013. Ineos stated that the plant was making losses, and offered a survival plan requiring employees to accept worse employment terms, particularly on pensions, which the employees rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20131018_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20131018-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ineos stated in October 2013 that the petrochemical works would close.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following bullying and a misinformation campaign by Ineos on 24 October the unions accepted a survival plan put forward from the management of the plant.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 October 2013, it was announced the plant will stay open and Unite had agreed to taking no strike action for three years, moving to a new pension scheme and accepting a three-year pay freeze.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grangemouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grangemouth.jpg/800px-Grangemouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grangemouth.jpg/1200px-Grangemouth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grangemouth.jpg/1600px-Grangemouth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Grangemouth petrochemical works, November 2006</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esso_Refinery,_Milford_Haven" title="Esso Refinery, Milford Haven">Esso Refinery, Milford Haven</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102071424/http://www.nynas.com/en/Environment-and-society/Environment/Dundee-Refinery/">"Dundee Refinery - Nynas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nynas.com/en/Environment-and-society/Environment/Dundee-Refinery/">the original</a> on 2 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dundee+Refinery+-+Nynas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nynas.com%2Fen%2FEnvironment-and-society%2FEnvironment%2FDundee-Refinery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrangemouth+Refinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8vd7r768eyo">"Grangemouth closure 'most likely outcome'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2023" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Martin (22 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/23940097.grangemouth-jobs-risk-sir-jim-ratcliffe-backed-refinery-shut/">"Grangemouth: Jobs at risk as Sir Jim Ratcliffe-backed refinery to shut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald</a></i>.</cite><span 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Overview of Grangemouth Facility</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080425011320/http://www.ukpia.com/industry_information/refining_uk_refineries/refineries/ineos_grangemouth_refinery.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casebpgrang87b.htm">http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casebpgrang87b.htm</a> The Hydrocracker Explosion and Fire at BP Oil, Grangemouth Refinery. 22 March 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.icheme.org/communities/special-interest-groups/safety%20and%20loss%20prevention/resources/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/HSE%20Accident%20Reports/The%20Fires%20and%20Explosion%20at%20BP%20Oil%20Grangemouth%20Refinery%20Ltd.pdf">https://www.icheme.org/communities/special-interest-groups/safety%20and%20loss%20prevention/resources/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Safety_Loss_Prevention/HSE%20Accident%20Reports/The%20Fires%20and%20Explosion%20at%20BP%20Oil%20Grangemouth%20Refinery%20Ltd.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1767896.stm">"BP fined £1m for safety offences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 18 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shedding+light+on+Grangemouth&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.au=Douglas+Fraser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-business-24580313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrangemouth+Refinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-24631342">"Grangemouth dispute: Ineos says petrochemical plant will close"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 23 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Grangemouth+plant+shutdown+leaves+government+fighting+to+save+800+jobs&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2013%2Foct%2F23%2Fineos-closes-grangemouth-petrochemicals-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrangemouth+Refinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-24647843">"Grangemouth dispute: Hopes rise after Unite accepts survival plan"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Grangemouth+dispute%3A+Hopes+rise+after+Unite+accepts+survival+plan&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-24647843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrangemouth+Refinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-24671184">"Grangemouth dispute: Ineos says plant will stay open"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Grangemouth+dispute%3A+Ineos+says+plant+will+stay+open&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-24671184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrangemouth+Refinery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innovene.com/genericarticle.do-categoryId=9002816&contentId=7005620.htm">Website at Innovene</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070511010848/http://www.amicustheunion.org/">Unite Union</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/7358392.stm">Q&A: The Grangemouth dispute</a> - BBC news</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511084846/http://www.energyinst.org.uk/education/refineries/grangemouth.htm">Institute of Petroleum – Refineries – Grangemouth</a> – history of refinery</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oil_storage_and_distribution_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oil_storage_and_distribution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Oil storage and distribution in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oil_storage_and_distribution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Oil storage and distribution in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oil_storage_and_distribution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oil storage and distribution in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oil_storage_and_distribution_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Oil storage and distribution in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buncefield_oil_depot" title="Buncefield oil depot">Buncefield oil depot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coryton_Refinery" title="Coryton Refinery">Coryton Refinery</a> (decommissioned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Oil_Terminal" title="Kingsbury Oil Terminal">Kingsbury Oil Terminal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven_Refinery" title="Milford Haven Refinery">Milford Haven Refinery</a> (decommissioned)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe_Terminal" title="Sullom Voe Terminal">Sullom Voe Terminal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teesside_Refinery" title="Teesside Refinery">Teesside Refinery</a> (decommissioned)</i></li> <li>Stanlow storage: <a href="/wiki/Eastham_Oil_Terminal" title="Eastham Oil Terminal">Eastham Oil Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranmere_Oil_Terminal" title="Tranmere Oil Terminal">Tranmere Oil Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries#United_Kingdom" title="List of oil refineries">Refineries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fawley_Refinery" title="Fawley Refinery">Fawley Refinery</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grangemouth Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Refinery" title="Humber Refinery">Humber Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Oil_Refinery" title="Lindsey Oil Refinery">Lindsey Oil Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Refinery" title="Pembroke Refinery">Pembroke Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanlow_Refinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanlow Refinery">Stanlow Refinery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exolum_Pipeline_System" title="Exolum Pipeline System">Exolum Pipeline System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_oil_pipeline_network" title="UK oil pipeline network">United Kingdom Oil Pipeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&oldid=1250696978">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grangemouth_Refinery&oldid=1250696978</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Falkirk_(council_area)" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Falkirk (council area)">Buildings and structures in Falkirk (council area)</a></li><li><a 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