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id="toc-Establishment_of_a_biorefinery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_a_biorefinery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Establishment of a biorefinery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_a_biorefinery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure_of_a_plant_over_union_demands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure_of_a_plant_over_union_demands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Closure of a plant over union demands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure_of_a_plant_over_union_demands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purchase_of_Forties_pipeline_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purchase_of_Forties_pipeline_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Purchase of Forties pipeline system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purchase_of_Forties_pipeline_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Joint ventures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Petroineos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petroineos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Petroineos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petroineos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ineos_Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ineos_Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ineos Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ineos_Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_relations_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_relations_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Industrial relations controversy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industrial_relations_controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Industrial relations controversy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Industrial_relations_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Charity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اینیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اینیوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%A4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="이네오스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이네오스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/INEOS" title="INEOS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="INEOS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="イネオス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イネオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineos" title="Ineos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ineos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Privately owned multinational chemicals company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British cycling and America's cup challenger teams, see <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Grenadiers" title="Ineos Grenadiers">Ineos Grenadiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Team_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Ineos Team UK">Ineos Team UK</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Eneos" title="Eneos">Eneos</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">INEOS Group Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:INEOS_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INEOS_logo.svg/220px-INEOS_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INEOS_logo.svg/330px-INEOS_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/INEOS_logo.svg/440px-INEOS_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ineos_building,_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg/220px-Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg/330px-Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg/440px-Ineos_building%2C_Grangemouth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5437391.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ineos' headquarters in London, England.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Private_company_limited_by_shares" title="Private company limited by shares">Private limited company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Ratcliffe" title="Jim Ratcliffe">Sir Jim Ratcliffe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Sir Jim Ratcliffe (Chairman)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Currie">Andy Currie</a> (CEO)</li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Reece" title="John Reece">John Reece</a> (Finance Director)</li><li>Jim Dawson (Non-Executive Director)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">Chemical substances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemicals</a>, plastics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">20,927,000,000 Euro (2022) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673231?uselang=en#P2139" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,001,300,000 Euro (2022) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673231?uselang=en#P3362" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,000,600,000 Euro (2022) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673231?uselang=en#P2295" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">17,081,400,000 Euro (2021) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673231?uselang=en#P2403" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">26,000 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Ineos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ineos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ineos.com">www<wbr />.ineos<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ineos Group Limited</b> is a British multinational <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> headquartered and registered in London. As of 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it was the fourth largest chemical company in the world, with additional operations in fuel, packaging and food, construction, automotive, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and professional sports.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ineos is organised into about 20 standalone business units, each with its own board and operating almost entirely independently, although founder <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ratcliffe" title="Jim Ratcliffe">Jim Ratcliffe</a>, who owns a controlling interest, and his associates, who collectively own a minority share, sit on their boards occasionally.<sup id="cite_ref-FTprofile_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTprofile-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ineos is derived from INspec Ethylene Oxide and Specialities, a previous name of the business.<sup id="cite_ref-ineos_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ineos-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also named after <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a>, the Greek goddess of dawn, and "neos" is Greek for something new and innovative. As well as being an acronym, Ineos states its name represents the "dawn of something new and innovative".<sup id="cite_ref-ineos_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ineos-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg/220px-Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg/330px-Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg/440px-Petrochemical_plant_-_geograph.org.uk_-_479373.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Grangemouth petrochemical plant in Scotland; the site has been an oil refinery since 1924.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg/220px-2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg/330px-2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg/440px-2012-05-28_Fotoflug_Cuxhaven_Wilhelmshaven_DSC_3890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Ineos facility in Wilhelmshaven, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1992, Inspec was formed by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ratcliffe" title="Jim Ratcliffe">Jim Ratcliffe</a>, previously a director of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> group <a href="/wiki/Advent_International" title="Advent International">Advent International</a>, and by John Hollowood, for the purpose of executing a <a href="/wiki/Management_buy-in" title="Management buy-in">management buy-in</a> of <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">British Petroleum</a>'s (BP) chemicals arm.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_acquisitions">First acquisitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, Inspec bought BP's <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">ethylene oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glycol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycol">glycol</a> businesses for £78 million, to become <i>Inspec Ethylene Oxide Specialities</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mortished_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortished-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Ratcliffe, then a director of Inspec, established Ineos for the purpose of purchasing Inspec's ethylene oxide facility in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The £84 million purchase was funded by three entities: the Scottish investment house <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Asset_Management" title="Aberdeen Asset Management">Murray Johnstone</a> (£10 million), Ineos management (£1.5 million), and the investment bank <a href="/wiki/Alex._Brown_%26_Sons" title="Alex. Brown & Sons">BT Alex Brown</a> (£72.5 million, raised through <a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">high-yield, non-investment grade bonds</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-mortished_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mortished-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taylor_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company grew quickly through the acquisition of commodity chemical businesses from corporate giants such as BP, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">ICI</a> and <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Many_subsidiaries_acquired">Many subsidiaries acquired</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Many subsidiaries acquired"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been three distinct phases of Ineos's growth.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first phase spanned over ten years, with Ineos acquiring 22 companies between 1998 and 2008. The two most notable of these were Innovene, the <a href="/wiki/Olefin" class="mw-redirect" title="Olefin">olefins</a> and derivatives and refining subsidiary of BP, in October 2005 for $9 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-catan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ICI's commodity chemicals business in 2001. </p><p>The second phase between 2008 and 2010 saw a period of consolidation as the company tackled the impact of the global recession. As production of consumer goods, cars, and construction fell during this period, the company saw sales and earnings fall. During this period a major competitor <a href="/wiki/LyondellBasell" title="LyondellBasell">LyondellBasell</a> filed for bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some predicted a similar fate for Ineos but the company emerged from this period intact. </p><p>The third phase commenced in 2011. In this phase the company has continued to grow through a series of strategic joint ventures. </p><p>In June 2011, the largest of these, Petroineos, was completed. It is a 50:50 joint venture between Ineos and <a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a>. It combines Ineos's refining interests at <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth_Refinery" title="Grangemouth Refinery">Grangemouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and at Lavéra near <a href="/wiki/Martigues" title="Martigues">Martigues</a>, France (about 30 miles west of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>), with PetroChina's access to upstream raw materials.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2011, Ineos and BASF combined their <a href="/wiki/Styrene" title="Styrene">styrene</a> businesses to form another 50:50 partnership, <a href="/wiki/Styrolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Styrolution">Styrolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos's growth has continued through this period, expanding production in the US and China. Most recently Ineos announced a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Solvay_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvay (company)">Solvay</a> bringing together their European <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">polyvinyl chloride</a> businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-solvay.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solvay.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2005 Ineos agreed to purchase Innovene, BP's olefins and derivatives and refining subsidiary, which had an estimated 2005 turnover of US$25 billion, for $9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-catan_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal, which was completed on 14 December 2005, roughly quadrupled Ineos's turnover, which was previously around $8 billion. </p><p>In 2007 Ineos formed a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Lanxess" title="Lanxess">Lanxess</a> and created Ineos ABS, comprising Lanxess's activities in <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene">acrylonitrile butadiene styrene</a> production, located in <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a>. Ineos paid €35 million in a first tranche.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2010 Ineos Healthcare terminated its drug development programme for commercial reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_a_biorefinery">Establishment of a biorefinery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Establishment of a biorefinery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ineos Bio broke ground on the Vero Beach demonstration plant in February 2011. The facility used a gasification fermentation process to convert cellulosic waste materials, such as yard and vegetative waste, into ethanol. In addition to having the capacity to produce 8 million gallons of ethanol, the plant could also produce up to 6 MW of electricity. Texas-based Frankens Energy purchased the former Ineos Bio Indian River Biorefinery in Vero Beach, Florida in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure_of_a_plant_over_union_demands">Closure of a plant over union demands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Closure of a plant over union demands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 23 October 2013 Ineos announced the closure of its petrochemical plant in <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth" title="Grangemouth">Grangemouth</a>, Scotland,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a dispute with the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a> trade union over pensions and an attempt to impose a wage freeze and new contract on the workforce. However, by 25 October 2013 the union capitulated to the closure threats and agreed to all Ineos's demands meaning the plant would stay open and strike-free for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2016 the company completed a new headquarters building at Grangemouth as part of a "site rejuvenation plan".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purchase_of_Forties_pipeline_system">Purchase of Forties pipeline system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Purchase of Forties pipeline system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2017, Ineos reached an agreement to buy the <a href="/wiki/Forties_pipeline_system" title="Forties pipeline system">Forties pipeline system</a> in the North Sea from BP for $250 million. The sale included termini at <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny" title="Dalmeny">Dalmeny</a> and Kinneil, a site in Aberdeen, and the Forties Unity Platform.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the start of 2019, in the wake of <a href="/wiki/British_MPs" class="mw-redirect" title="British MPs">British MPs</a> rejecting <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> Deal, the company chose to fund a €3bn investment (£2.6bn) in petrochemical production in Antwerp, Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2020, during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitizer" title="Hand sanitizer">hand sanitiser</a> was in short supply due to high demand. Ineos set up new plants to produce it using key ingredients the company had used to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Polymers" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymers">polymers</a>, and provided it free to hospitals. Ineos has the capacity to produce a million bottles of hand sanitiser a month.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2020, Ineos signed a letter of intent to acquire the petrochemicals unit of BP for $5 billion. The business is focused on aromatics and acetyls. It has interests in 14 plants in Asia, Europe and the U.S., and prouced 9.7 million metric tons in 2019. The deal was expected to close prior to the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, Ineos signed a 10-year deal to acquire offshore wind power from <a href="/wiki/Engie" title="Engie">Engie</a>’s Northern wind farm. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, it was announced that Ineos was to donate £100 million to <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> for a new research institute for tackling <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotic</a> resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>INEOS announced the acquisition of the LyondellBassells Ethylene Oxide business.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Markets">Markets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ineos provides products for many markets including: Fuels and Lubricants (23.3%), Packaging and Food (18.5%) and Construction (16.1%). Other markets include Automotive & Transport, White Goods & Durables, Pharmaceutical & Agrochemical and Textiles.<sup id="cite_ref-Ineos.Company_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ineos.Company-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of Ineos's geographic earnings are distributed across Germany (16.8%), USA (16.1%), UK (12.3%), France (11.6%) and Benelux (10.8%).<sup id="cite_ref-Ineos.Company_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ineos.Company-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos is involved in renewable energy and is one of the world's leading pioneers in the development of generating sustainable energy from waste material.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos reportedly runs operations with minimal head office management, feeling that "work teams" are better suited for handling of the workflow day to day, without middle-management.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, Ineos announced plans to invest up to £640m in <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> exploration in the UK. The company planned to use the gas as a raw material for its chemicals plants, including Grangemouth near Falkirk.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ineos CEO, Jim Ratcliffe, has criticized restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a> in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ineos announced in July 2021 it was investing £25m in HydrogenOne Capital Growth, a fund that was aiming to raise £250m and float on the London Stock Exchange. HydrogenOne would invest in '<a href="/wiki/Green_hydrogen" title="Green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a>', made from renewable energy, and '<a href="/wiki/Blue_hydrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue hydrogen">blue hydrogen</a>' that is extracted from fossil fuel gas.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Joint ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petroineos">Petroineos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Petroineos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Petroineos is a refining and trading joint venture between Ineos and <a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a> formed in 2011. It is Europe's leading independent <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> refiner, with a turnover of $15 billion. It has two refineries, one in Lavéra (part of <a href="/wiki/Martigues" title="Martigues">Martigues</a>), France, and one in <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth_Refinery" title="Grangemouth Refinery">Grangemouth</a>, Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of the Grangemouth chemicals plant, which Ineos had once valued at 400 million pounds was written down to nothing by them in October 2013 during conflict with the union. Later that month it was reported that PetroChina was unhappy with the return on the billion dollars cash they had paid for a 50% stake in the Grangemouth and Lavera refineries. According to a Hong Kong business analyst: "The European refineries are pretty much loss making. In future there won't be any similar investments".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2020 Petroineos sought a £500 million bailout from the UK government for its Grangemouth refinery, due to declining oil sales. But environmental groups wrote to the Scottish first minister and the UK's prime minister, urging them to reject the appeal. The request came a year after Sir Jim Ratcliffe, who is said to be the UK's third-wealthiest person, relocated to <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, apparently for tax reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, Petroineos revealed plans to begin the work necessary to convert its operations at <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland's</a> only oil refinery, <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth_Refinery" title="Grangemouth Refinery">Grangemouth</a>, into a business that imports finished fuel products, by 2025. No formal decision on the date of the transition to refinery to import terminal has been taken by the company, but it is reported that the announcement was attributed to the challenges faced due to global market pressures and the shift in demand for the types of fuels produced at Grangemouth.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ventures">Other ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2014, PQ Corporation is a joint venture between Ineos (31%), <a href="/wiki/CCMP_Capital" title="CCMP Capital">CCMP</a> (58%), and PQ management (11%). PQ is a global producer of inorganic chemicals, <a href="/wiki/Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst">catalysts</a>, and engineered glass products.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, <a href="/wiki/Solvay_S.A." title="Solvay S.A.">Solvay</a> and Ineos were to create a 50:50 joint venture, which will see them combine their chlorvinyls sites in Europe. This joint venture will become the world's third-largest producer of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-solvay.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solvay.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>INEOS acquired a company called Texas City Operations, on December 1<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need the year this event took place (April 2024)">year needed</span></a></i>]</sup>from its competitor, <a href="/wiki/Eastman_Chemical_Company" title="Eastman Chemical Company">Eastman Chemical Company</a>. This includes a 600kt <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> plant and all associated third party activities.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ineos_Automotive">Ineos Automotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ineos Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg/220px-2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg/330px-2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg/440px-2021_Ineos_Grenadier_3.0_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2886" data-file-height="1722" /></a><figcaption>Ineos Grenadier</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Automotive" title="Ineos Automotive">Ineos Automotive</a></div> <p>Ineos Automotive Ltd. was formed in 2017 to develop and manufacture an <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road utility vehicle</a>, intended as a "spiritual successor" to the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a>, under the codename <i>Projekt Grenadier</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-motor_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-motor-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2019, it was initially announced that vehicle, now officially named Ineos Grenadier, would be manufactured in two new factories in <a href="/wiki/Estarreja" title="Estarreja">Estarreja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (chassis and body) and <a href="/wiki/Bridgend" title="Bridgend">Bridgend</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a> (final assembly), with <a href="/wiki/Powertrain" title="Powertrain">powertrains</a> supplied by <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>. The launch was planned for 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-car_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-car-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2020 Ineos announced the final assembly would take place in <a href="/wiki/Hambach,_Moselle" title="Hambach, Moselle">Hambach</a>, France, instead of South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The announcement was condemned by Welsh Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Chris_Elmore" title="Chris Elmore">Chris Elmore</a>, who contrasted the decision to relocate production to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> with Ratcliffe's support for <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ineos manufactures and distributes a wide range of petrochemicals, <a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">speciality chemicals</a> and oil products:<sup id="cite_ref-Ineos.Company_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ineos.Company-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Business</th> <th>Products </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ammonia/nitric acid * </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baleycourt * </td> <td>Esters, biodiesel, and chlorinated paraffins </td></tr> <tr> <td>Compounds * </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a> compounds </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ethanol * </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inovyn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">Brine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">caustic soda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organochloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Organochloride">chlorinated solvents</a>, chlorine derivatives, <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_dichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylene dichloride">EDC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propylene" title="Propylene">propylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a>, Recycled PVC and VCM </td></tr> <tr> <td>Melamines *</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a> and melamine formaldehyde resin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nitriles</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetonitrile" title="Acetonitrile">Acetonitrile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile" title="Acrylonitrile">acrylonitrile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate" title="Ammonium sulfate">ammonium sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maleic_anhydride" title="Maleic anhydride">maleic anhydride</a> catalyst </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olefins and Polymers Europe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">Benzene</a>, <a href="/wiki/1,3-Butadiene" class="mw-redirect" title="1,3-Butadiene">butadiene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">HDPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">LDPE compounds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">LDPE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">LLDPE</a>, polymerisation Ziegler catalysts, <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propylene" title="Propylene">propylene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olefins and Polymers USA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1,3-Butadiene" class="mw-redirect" title="1,3-Butadiene">Butadiene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane">butane</a>, crude <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a>, ethane/propane mix, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">HDPE</a>, mixed <a href="/wiki/Butene" title="Butene">butenes</a>, other bottoms liquids, <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a>, and propylene </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oligomers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diisobutylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Diisobutylene">DIB</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimer (chemistry)">dimer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isobutylene" title="Isobutylene">isobutylene</a> (isoolefins/isoparafins), IA (isoamylene/TAME), <a href="/wiki/Linear_alpha_olefin" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear alpha olefin">linear alpha olefins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyalpha-olefins" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyalpha-olefins">poly alpha olefins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butyl_rubber" title="Butyl rubber">polyisobutene</a>, Technikum (cyclopentane, CP70, methylpropadiene) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxide</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetate" title="Acetate">Acetate</a>, acetate esters, alkoxilates, alkoxylates, ENB & <a href="/wiki/Glycol_ethers" title="Glycol ethers">glycol ethers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethanolamine" title="Ethanolamine">EOAs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">ethylene glycol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">ethylene oxide</a>, glycol ethers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxo_alcohols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxo alcohols (page does not exist)">oxo alcohols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propylene_glycol" title="Propylene glycol">propylene glycol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Propylene_oxide" title="Propylene oxide">propylene oxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Paraform *</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyanate" title="Cyanate">Cyanates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimethoxymethane" title="Dimethoxymethane">dimethoxymethane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexamethylenetetramine" title="Hexamethylenetetramine">hexamethylenetetramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraformaldehyde" title="Paraformaldehyde">paraformaldehyde</a>, and triallylcyanurate </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phenol</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">Acetone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha-methylstyrene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-methylstyrene">alpha-methylstyrene</a> (AMS), <a href="/wiki/Cumene" title="Cumene">cumene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salt * </td> <td>Granular salt, pure dried vacuum salt, salt tablets, and undried vacuum salt </td></tr> <tr> <td>Solvents * </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diisopropyl_ether" title="Diisopropyl ether">Diisopropyl ether</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol" title="Isopropyl alcohol">isopropyl alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methyl_ethyl_ketone" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl ethyl ketone">methyl ethyl ketone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2-Butanol" title="2-Butanol"><i>s</i>-butyl alcohol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Styrolution </td> <td>ABS, AMSAN, ASA Resin, compounded grades, <a href="/wiki/Ethylbenzene" title="Ethylbenzene">ethylbenzene</a>, general purpose polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, NAS, polyethylbenzene, polystyrene polymers – HIPS, SAN, SBC (StyroFlex), specialty compounding, <a href="/wiki/Styrene" title="Styrene">styrene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Styrene_monomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Styrene monomer">styrene monomer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Trading and Shipping </td> <td>Trades and supplies petrochemical <a href="/wiki/Feedstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedstock">feedstocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbons</a>, energy and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon credit">carbon credits</a> for both internal and external customers </td></tr> <tr> <td>Technologies * </td> <td>Licenses world class petrochemical technology for: polyethylene, polystyrene, vinyls, polypropylene, acrylonitrile, chlor-alkali </td></tr> <tr> <td>Upstream Shale </td> <td>Natural gas, exploration and production of natural gas from on-shore shale deposits. Produces UK gas on the national grid. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Upstream Breagh </td> <td>Supplies natural gas to one in ten UK households. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>* Ineos Enterprises consists of the following sub-businesses: ammonia/nitric acid, Baleycourt, chlorotoluenes, compounds, ethanol, melamines, paraform, salt, solvents and sulphur chemicals.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_relations_controversy">Industrial relations controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industrial relations controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008">2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2008 Ineos, which was experiencing adverse economic conditions, was at the centre of an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_relations" title="Industrial relations">industrial relations</a> dispute with <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a> over pension entitlements of the workforce at its <a href="/wiki/Grangemouth_Refinery" title="Grangemouth Refinery">Grangemouth Refinery</a>, when the company decided to close the final salary pension scheme to new employees. Unite claimed the Grangemouth workers were paid £6,000 less than those at comparable facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-obs270408_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obs270408-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 48-hour strike that followed caused panic buying of petrol throughout the country and the Forties production pipeline, a third of Britain's North Sea oil production, being closed.<sup id="cite_ref-heraldscotland.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraldscotland.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ineos has been accused by some of buying assets then cutting costs through the introduction of new working practices, lower wages, and terminating pension schemes.<sup id="cite_ref-obs270408_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obs270408-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ratcliffe, some 65 per cent of salary costs at Grangemouth related to pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013">2013</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stephen Deans, convener for Unite union at the Grangemouth plant where he worked, and also head of the Falkirk branch of the Labour party, was suspended from his employment at Grangemouth by Ineos in the summer of 2013, while they investigated what they said were accusations he had been using company resources for political campaigning; related to recruitment of Unite members in Ineos workforce to the local Labour branch, where the selection of a new parliamentary candidate was taking place after the de-selection of <a href="/wiki/Eric_Joyce" title="Eric Joyce">Eric Joyce</a>. A Labour Party head office investigation into allegations that people had been made new members without them knowing or signing cleared Deans of the accusations, who had been suspended from the Labour party pending the investigation as well as the Unite candidate he was supporting.<sup id="cite_ref-heraldscotland.com_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraldscotland.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unite said Deans was being subjected to "sinister" treatment, and in October an overtime ban at Grangemouth plant, which according to Ineos had operated at a loss of £150 million per year for the previous four years, started in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-heraldscotland.com_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraldscotland.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 48-hour strike was set for 20 October. Ineos announced the plant would be shut down before the strike and put forward a new deal direct to the workforce, warning that the plant might close permanently if it was rejected. Two-thirds of workers voted against accepting Ineos's proposal, which would have reduced pension, shift pay and redundancy entitlements in addition to a pay freeze. On 23 October Ineos announced the permanent closure of the petrochemical site at Grangemouth.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day the Unite union reversed its position and agreed to Ineos's proposals, which included an undertaking not to strike for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deans resigned from his job at Grangemouth on 28 October 2013 after Ineos presented its findings to his team.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2016, Ineos's <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Runcorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Runcorn">Port of Runcorn</a> ChlorVinyls facility was found guilty of releasing <a href="/wiki/Caustic_soda" class="mw-redirect" title="Caustic soda">caustic soda</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a>. The company was ordered to pay a fine of £166,650.<sup id="cite_ref-echo_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-echo-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Ineos applied for a test core drilling for <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Woodsetts" title="Woodsetts">Woodsetts</a> (United Kingdom). It was met by protests of residents.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New plans for drilling at Woodsetts and Harthill had been applied and eventually approved by the Planning Inspectorate.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, concerns were raised over Ineos's alleged poor environmental record after the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> accepted a £100 million donation from Ineos in order to establish the <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Oxford_Institute_for_AMR_Research" title="Ineos Oxford Institute for AMR Research">Ineos Oxford Institute for AMR Research</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 1, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Environment,_Conservation_and_Parks" title="Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks">Ministry of the Environment</a> suspended Environmental Compliance Approval for Ineos Styrolutions' <a href="/wiki/Sarnia,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarnia, Ontario">Sarnia, Ontario</a> site, citing excessive <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> emission levels; the site must shut down operations until benzene emissions can be returned to "acceptable levels".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ineos" title="Special:EditPage/Ineos">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ineos%22">"Ineos"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ineos%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ineos%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ineos%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ineos%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ineos%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>INEOS has invested in elite sport across football, running, rugby, cycling, sailing and <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>. INEOS is owner of French <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a> side <a href="/wiki/OGC_Nice" title="OGC Nice">OGC Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Super_League" title="Swiss Super League">Swiss Super League</a> side <a href="/wiki/FC_Lausanne-Sport" title="FC Lausanne-Sport">FC Lausanne-Sport</a>. On February 21, 2024 Sir Jim Ratcliffe also completed the purchase of a 27.7% minority stake of <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United F.C</a> which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a>, which had been announced on Christmas Eve 2023 as being completed under a separate company known as Trawlers Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INEOS is Principal Partner and third equal owner of the <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG_Petronas_F1_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team">Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> INEOS fully funds the <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Grenadiers" title="Ineos Grenadiers">INEOS Grenadiers</a> cycling team and <a href="/wiki/INEOS_Britannia" title="INEOS Britannia">INEOS Britannia</a>, Challenger of Record at the 37th America's Cup. INEOS is Performance Partner to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_union_team" title="New Zealand national rugby union team">All Blacks</a> and New Zealand's Teams in Black and to <a href="/wiki/Eliud_Kipchoge" title="Eliud Kipchoge">Eliud Kipchoge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NN_Running_Team" title="NN Running Team">NN Running Team</a>. In October 2019, INEOS supported Eliud Kipchoge to break the elusive 2-hour marathon barrier with Kipchoge completing the feat in a time of 1:59.40.2. </p><p>Beyond elite sport, INEOS supports The Daily Mile Foundation — a running initiative for school children to get them moving for 15 minutes a day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charity">Charity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Charity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ineos" title="Special:EditPage/Ineos">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>INEOS have invested in wide range of charitable projects in the fields of health, education, conservation and the community. In 2016, INEOS helped to establish The Daily Mile Foundation with former Headteacher Elaine Wyllie. The Daily Mile is a free initiative for primary schools, whereby all children participate in 15 minutes of daily physical activity outside in fresh air, to improve their health and wellbeing. In 2022, over 3 million children participated in 86 countries worldwide. </p><p>In January 2021, also in the field of public health, INEOS announced a donation of £100M<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to establish the <a href="/wiki/Ineos_Oxford_Institute_for_AMR_Research" title="Ineos Oxford Institute for AMR Research">INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Research</a>, to help tackle the threat of drug resistant infections worldwide. </p><p>INEOS Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ratcliffe" title="Jim Ratcliffe">Sir Jim Ratcliffe</a> also funds sustainable conservation through a fishing project in remote North East Iceland, seeking to reverse the decline of the wild North Atlantic salmon, and funds ecotourism and conservation work in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> through a joint venture with Asilia Safaris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ineos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ineos_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ineos.com/company/">"Ineos"</a>. Ineos<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ineos&rft.pub=Ineos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ineos.com%2Fcompany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTullo2021" class="citation news cs1">Tullo, Aexander (26 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/business/finance/CENs-Global-Top-50-2021/99/i27">"C&EN's Global Top 50 chemical firms for 2021"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=C%26EN%27s+Global+Top+50+chemical+firms+for+2021&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft.aulast=Tullo&rft.aufirst=Aexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2FCENs-Global-Top-50-2021%2F99%2Fi27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ineos.com/our-businesses/">"Our Businesses"</a>. <i>Ineos</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ineos&rft.atitle=Our+Businesses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ineos.com%2Four-businesses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FTprofile-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FTprofile_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeifer2014" class="citation news cs1">Pfeifer, Sylvia (20 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/9318986c-8ec2-11e3-b6f1-00144feab7de.html">"Jim D. Ratcliffe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Jim+D.+Ratcliffe&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.aulast=Pfeifer&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2F9318986c-8ec2-11e3-b6f1-00144feab7de.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSecurities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="citation web cs1">Securities and Exchange Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1173218/000115697305000581/u48688e20vf.htm">"Form 20f"</a>. <i>EDGAR</i>. SEC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EDGAR&rft.atitle=Form+20f&rft.au=Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1173218%2F000115697305000581%2Fu48688e20vf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ineos-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ineos_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ineos_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ineos.com/es/inch-magazine/articles/issue-4/jims-a-leader-in-his-field">"Jim's a Leader in His Field"</a>. <i>Inch</i>. No. 4. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Jim+Ratcliffe%27s+tough+experience+at+Nice+offers+lessons+for+Manchester+United&rft.date=2020-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb837272e-6292-432e-aa25-acbee8dd268c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/30542861/ineos-buys-one-third-mercedes-f1-team-toto-wolff-stay-charge">"Ineos buys one third of Mercedes F1 team, Toto Wolff to stay in charge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a></i>. 18 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2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Oxford&rft.atitle=%C2%A3100+million+donation+from+Ineos+to+create+new+institute+to+fight+antimicrobial+resistance&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ox.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2021-01-19-100-million-donation-ineos-create-new-institute-fight-antimicrobial-resistance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIneos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ineos&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Germany&#124;link=Germany_Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Mercedes-Benz in Formula One</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div id="Mercedes-AMG_Petronas_Motorsport_(2010–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport (<a href="/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2010 Formula One World Championship"><span style="color:black;">2010</span></a>–<a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship"><span style="color:black;">present</span></a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ownership</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> (33.3%)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toto_Wolff" title="Toto Wolff">Toto Wolff</a> (33.3%)</dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ineos</a> (33.3%)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Executive management</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Toto_Wolff" title="Toto Wolff">Toto Wolff</a> (CEO & team principal)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ola_K%C3%A4llenius" title="Ola Källenius">Ola Källenius</a> (Head of Mercedes-Benz)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Current personnel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Allison_(motorsport)" title="James Allison (motorsport)">James Allison</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bonnington" title="Peter Bonnington">Peter Bonnington</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Cole_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Cole (engineer) (page does not exist)">Simon Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Meadows" title="Ron Meadows">Ron Meadows</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jarrod_Murphy" title="Jarrod Murphy">Jarrod Murphy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Owen_(Formula_One)" title="John Owen (Formula One)">John Owen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simone_Resta" title="Simone Resta">Simone Resta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Markus_Sch%C3%A4fer_(manager)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Markus Schäfer (manager) (page does not exist)">Markus Schäfer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Sch%C3%A4fer_(Manager)" class="extiw" title="de:Markus Schäfer (Manager)">de</a>]</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britta_Seeger" title="Britta Seeger">Britta Seeger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Shovlin" title="Andrew Shovlin">Andrew Shovlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hywel_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hywel Thomas (page does not exist)">Hywel Thomas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:ハイウェル・トーマス">ja</a>]</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Willis" title="Geoff Willis">Geoff Willis</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Former personnel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bell_(motorsport)" title="Bob Bell (motorsport)">Bob Bell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Bigois" title="Loïc Bigois">Loïc Bigois</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Blandin" title="Eric Blandin">Eric Blandin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ross_Brawn" title="Ross Brawn">Ross Brawn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Costa" title="Aldo Costa">Aldo Costa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andy_Cowell" title="Andy Cowell">Andy Cowell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jock_Clear" title="Jock Clear">Jock Clear</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tad_Czapski" title="Tad Czapski">Tad Czapski</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio" title="Jérôme d'Ambrosio">Jérôme d'Ambrosio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ellis_(Formula_One)" title="Mark Ellis (Formula One)">Mark Ellis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Elliott_(Formula_One)" title="Mike Elliott (Formula One)">Mike Elliott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fry" title="Nick Fry">Nick Fry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Fuhr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Fuhr (page does not exist)">Thomas Fuhr</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Haug" title="Norbert Haug">Norbert Haug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Hodgkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Hodgkinson (page does not exist)">Ben Hodgkinson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:ベン・ホジキンソン">ja</a>]</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Hubbert" title="Jürgen Hubbert">Jürgen Hubbert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Niki_Lauda" title="Niki Lauda">Niki Lauda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Lowe" title="Paddy Lowe">Paddy Lowe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Ross_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Ross (engineer) (page does not exist)">Tony Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Schattling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Schattling (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Schattling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFc_Serra" title="Loïc Serra">Loïc Serra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Slade_(engineer)" title="Mark Slade (engineer)">Mark Slade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Vowles" title="James Vowles">James Vowles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Wilson_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craig Wilson (engineer) (page does not exist)">Craig Wilson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2)" class="extiw" title="ja:クレイグ・ウィルソン (レースエンジニア)">ja</a>]</span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Weber_(engineer)" title="Thomas Weber (engineer)">Thomas Weber</a></dd> <dd>Ian Wright</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Zetsche" title="Dieter Zetsche">Dieter Zetsche</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Current race drivers</dt> <dd>44. <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton" title="Lewis Hamilton">Lewis Hamilton</a></dd> <dd>63. <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(racing_driver)" title="George Russell (racing driver)">George Russell</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2023 Test and reserve drivers</dt> <dd>47. <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mick_Schumacher" title="Mick Schumacher">Mick Schumacher</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Simulator drivers</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jake_Hughes" title="Jake Hughes">Jake Hughes</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Davidson" title="Anthony Davidson">Anthony Davidson</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Junior_Team" title="Mercedes Junior Team">Junior Team drivers</a></dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> James Anagnostiadis</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Kimi_Antonelli" title="Andrea Kimi Antonelli">Andrea Kimi Antonelli</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Kenzo Craigie</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Yuanpu Cui</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> Luna Fluxá</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Doriane_Pin" title="Doriane Pin">Doriane Pin</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Alex Powell</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Vesti" title="Frederik Vesti">Frederik Vesti</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>World Champions</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton" title="Lewis Hamilton">Lewis Hamilton</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nico_Rosberg" title="Nico Rosberg">Nico Rosberg</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ambassadors</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nico_Rosberg" title="Nico Rosberg">Nico Rosberg</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esteban_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Esteban Gutiérrez">Esteban Gutiérrez</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Susie_Wolff" title="Susie Wolff">Susie Wolff</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Notable drivers</dt> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valtteri_Bottas" title="Valtteri Bottas">Valtteri Bottas</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers' titles</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2014 Formula One World Championship">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2015_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2015 Formula One World Championship">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2017_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2017 Formula One World Championship">2017</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2018 Formula One World Championship">2018</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2019_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2019 Formula One World Championship">2019</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship">2020</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors' titles</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2014 Formula One World Championship">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2015_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2015 Formula One World Championship">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2017_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2017 Formula One World Championship">2017</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2018 Formula One World Championship">2018</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2019_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2019 Formula One World Championship">2019</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship">2020</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2021_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2021 Formula One World Championship">2021</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_MGP_W01" title="Mercedes MGP W01">W01</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_MGP_W02" title="Mercedes MGP W02">W02</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_F1_W03" title="Mercedes F1 W03">W03</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_F1_W04" title="Mercedes F1 W04">W04</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_F1_W05_Hybrid" title="Mercedes F1 W05 Hybrid">W05</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_F1_W06_Hybrid" title="Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid">W06</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_F1_W07_Hybrid" title="Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid">W07</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_F1_W08_EQ_Power%2B" title="Mercedes AMG F1 W08 EQ Power+">W08</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_F1_W09_EQ_Power%2B" title="Mercedes AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+">W09</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_F1_W10_EQ_Power%2B" title="Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+">W10</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG_F1_W11_EQ_Performance" title="Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance">W11</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_W12" title="Mercedes W12">W12</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_W13" title="Mercedes W13">W13</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_W14" title="Mercedes W14">W14</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_W15" title="Mercedes W15">W15</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Engine division</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains" title="Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains">Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">Mercedes-AMG</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div id="Daimler-Benz_(1954–1955)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Daimler-Benz (<a href="/wiki/1954_Formula_One_season" title="1954 Formula One season"><span style="color:black;">1954</span></a>–<a href="/wiki/1955_Formula_One_season" title="1955 Formula One season"><span style="color:black;">1955</span></a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Personnel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Nallinger" title="Fritz Nallinger">Fritz Nallinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Neubauer" title="Alfred Neubauer">Alfred Neubauer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Sailer" title="Max Sailer">Max Sailer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Uhlenhaut" title="Rudolf Uhlenhaut">Rudolf Uhlenhaut</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>World Champions</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Notable drivers</dt> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Herrmann" title="Hans Herrmann">Hans Herrmann</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kling" title="Karl Kling">Karl Kling</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lang" title="Hermann Lang">Hermann Lang</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Moss" title="Stirling Moss">Stirling Moss</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Simon_(racing_driver)" title="André Simon (racing driver)">André Simon</a></dd> <dd> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piero_Taruffi" title="Piero Taruffi">Piero Taruffi</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers' titles</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1954_Formula_One_season" title="1954 Formula One season">1954</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1955_Formula_One_season" title="1955 Formula One season">1955</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_W196" title="Mercedes-Benz W196">W196</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Silver_Arrows" title="Silver Arrows">Silver Arrows</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000000; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div id="Success_with_Mercedes-Benz_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Success with Mercedes-Benz engines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers' titles</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/1954_Formula_One_season" title="1954 Formula One season">1954</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/1955_Formula_One_season" title="1955 Formula One season">1955</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1998 Formula One World Championship">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1999_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1999 Formula One World Championship">1999</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2008 Formula One World Championship">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2009 Formula One World Championship">2009</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2014_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2014 Formula One World Championship">2014</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2015_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2015 Formula One World Championship">2015</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2017_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2017 Formula One World Championship">2017</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2018_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2018 Formula One World Championship">2018</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2019_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2019 Formula One World Championship">2019</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship">2020</a></i></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors' titles</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="1998 Formula One World Championship">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2009 Formula One World Championship">2009</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2014_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2014 Formula One World Championship">2014</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2015_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2015 Formula One World Championship">2015</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2017_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2017 Formula One World Championship">2017</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2018_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2018 Formula One World Championship">2018</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2019_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2019 Formula One World Championship">2019</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship">2020</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/2021_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2021 Formula One World Championship">2021</a></i></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains" title="Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains">Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_engine_customers%27_Grand_Prix_results" title="Mercedes engine customers' Grand Prix results">Mercedes engine customers' Grand Prix results</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-AMG" title="Mercedes-AMG">Mercedes-AMG</a></dd></dl> <p><i>Italics</i> indicate factory team. </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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