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DUNCAN, JAMES D – Dictionnaire biographique du Canada

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data-brx-ls="template_search"></input> <span data-target="#simple-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="float-right" id="tools"> <!-- start standard tools menu --> <nav class="navbar navbar-tools navbar navbar-default"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar"> <li><a href="/fr/explorer.php" title="Explorer le contenu par catégories" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-th-list"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_browse_span">Explorer</span></a></li> <li><a href="/fr/recherche.php" title="Utiliser des fonctions avancées telles que les opérateurs booléens et les limiteurs de champs" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_search_span">Recherche avancée</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return startReaderMode();" title="En mode lecture, vous ne voyez que la barre de navigation et le bas de page. Pour revenir au mode par défaut, cliquez sur Sortir du mode lecture, en haut à gauche." data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader"><span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-book"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_reader_span">Mode lecture</span></a></li> <li><a href="javascript:void(1);" onclick="return printDocument();" title="Version imprimable" data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print"> <span class="btn-sm glyphicon glyphicon-print"></span> <span data-brx-ls="template_navtools_print_span">Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end standard tools menu --> </div><!-- #tools --> </div><!-- .row --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> </div><!-- #col-search --> </div><!-- #row-logo --> </div><!-- #row-top-section --> <!-- END Header content --> <!-- Element 111 112 113 --> <div style="display:none;" id="announcements" class="row alert-warning col-sm-12 announcements" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/announcements.php"> </div> <div id="content-container" class="container-fluid"> <div class="row mobile-logo"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!-- Element 114 115 --> <a href="/fr/"><img src="/img/dcb_fr_sm.svg" alt="mobile"></a> </div> <div class="col-md-12 .bio-jump"> <!-- insert#jump-link 0 element 116 --> <p><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="jump-first-paragraph" alt="Cliquez ici pour aller directement à la biographie">Aller à la biographie</a></p> <!-- insert#jump-link 1 element 116 --> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <div class="row"> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-lg-3 col-xl-2 content-left reader-mode" id="sidebar"> <div id="sidebar-inner"> <nav class="dcb-generic-sidebar"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <div class="row sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <input type="text" id="nav-search" class="dcb-search simple-input" placeholder="Recherche" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_search"></input> <span data-target="#nav-search" class="dcb-search btn-lg glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" id="nav-search_go"></span> </div> <div class="row sidebar-french-home sidebar-dropdown-extra"> <!-- custom:dynamic_feed_6:mobile_menu Element 120 --> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 0 Element 120 --> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/en/bio/duncan_james_d_11E.html" title="English Version"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">English</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/" title="Accueil"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Accueil</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/fil_de_nouvelles.html" title="Nouvelles"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Nouvelles</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/a_notre_sujet.php" title="À notre sujet"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">À notre sujet</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_general.php" title="Contactez-nous"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Contactez-nous</button></a> </div> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a href="/fr/contactez_nous_infolettre.php" title="Infolettre"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Infolettre</button></a> </div> </div> <div class="btn-group btn-group-justified" role="group" aria-label="..."> <div class="btn-group" role="group"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/fondation/faire-un-don/fonds.html?fonds=280&recherche=dictionnaire%2Bbiographi" title="Faire un don"><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Faire un don</button></a> </div> </div> <!-- insert#mobile-menu-items 1 Element 120 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div> <!-- sidebar-inner --> <!-- nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- Element 550. section-* tags are used to set style to display:none; if the section is not used for the page. --> <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#outline-description content#outline-caption element 131 132 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-outline-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Sommaire">Sommaire</a> <div id="bio-outline-sidenav" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- listgroup syntax :: listgroup:data_source:format format parameter may be all, start, end, li Regardless of format, each generates list items from data_source. Formats allow us to construct a single list group from multiple sources, to add custom li elements all prints <ul class="list-group"> then the items then </ul> start -> ul, li0...liN, end-> li0...liN, /ul li -> just li0...liN --> <!-- insert#outline-content 0 Element 130 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#first" title="Premier paragraphe">Premier paragraphe</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#second" title="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#image-gallery" title="Images">Images</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="#citations" title="Référence bibliographique">Référence bibliographique</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#outline-content 1 Element 130 --> <!-- {{example:0}} simple --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-outline-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!-- END nav-OUTLINE --> <!-- <nav style="display:none;" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> --> <section style="display:none;"> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 0 Element 130 --> <!-- insert#outline-full-html 1 Element 130 --> </section> <!-- </nav> --> <!--JANUARY 18 2021 JB --> <!-- nav THEMES --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-special-description content#bio-special-caption Element 141 142 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-special-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Thèmes connexes">Thèmes connexes</a> <div id="bio-special-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 0 Element 140 --> <!-- insert#bio-special-list 1 Element 140 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-special-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-topics-description content#bio-topics-caption Element 151 152 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Sujets connexes">Sujets connexes</a> <div id="bio-related-topics-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 150 --> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 0 Element 150 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a target="_blank" href="/fr/topics/topic-match-list.php?id=1462" title="Immigration au Canada">Immigration au Canada</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-topics-list 1 Element 150 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" role="presentation"> <!-- title#related-bios-description content#related-bios-caption Element 161 162 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="">Biographies connexes</a> <div id="bio-related-bios-sidenav" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0px;"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 160 --> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 0 Element 160 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/krieghoff_cornelius_10F.html" title="KRIEGHOFF (Kreighoff), CORNELIUS">KRIEGHOFF (Kreighoff), CORNELIUS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/drummond_george_alexander_13F.html" title="DRUMMOND, sir GEORGE ALEXANDER">DRUMMOND, sir GEORGE ALEXANDER</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/viger_jacques_8F.html" title="VIGER, JACQUES">VIGER, JACQUES</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/bartlett_william_henry_8F.html" title="BARTLETT, WILLIAM HENRY">BARTLETT, WILLIAM HENRY</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/bourne_adolphus_11F.html" title="BOURNE, ADOLPHUS">BOURNE, ADOLPHUS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/edson_allan_aaron_11F.html" title="EDSON, ALLAN AARON">EDSON, ALLAN AARON</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/hind_william_george_richardson_11F.html" title="HIND, WILLIAM GEORGE RICHARDSON">HIND, WILLIAM GEORGE RICHARDSON</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/bio/mccord_david_ross_15F.html" title="McCORD, DAVID ROSS">McCORD, DAVID ROSS</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-command show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Voir la suite" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">voir la suite</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/fr/bio/thomson_william_james_15F.html" title="THOMSON, WILLIAM JAMES">THOMSON, WILLIAM JAMES</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="/fr/bio/todd_robert_clow_9F.html" title="TODD, ROBERT CLOW">TODD, ROBERT CLOW</a></li> <li class="list-group-item show-more-item smk-related-bios"><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="Voir moins" class="show-more-toggle use-smk-related-bios">voir moins</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#related-bios-list 1 Element 160 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #bio-related-topics-sidenav --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav THEMES --> <!-- nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-1" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#bio-history-description content#bio-history-caption Element 171 172 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-1" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Voir la version précédente de cette biographie">Historique de publication</a> <div id="doc-history-1" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 170 --> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 0 Element 170 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><div title="Publication :&nbsp;: 1982">Publication : 1982</div></li> </ul> <!-- insert#bio-history-list 1 Element 170 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav PUBLICATION --> <!-- nav metadata --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="content-doc-history-2" class="dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-grey"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-identifiers" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-identifiers-description content#metadata-identifiers-caption Element 181 182 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-identifiers" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Activités et autres caractéristiques">Activités et autres caractéristiques</a> <div id="doc-history-2-identifiers" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 180 --> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 0 Element 180 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/explorer.php?type=caracteristiques&amp;term1=30" title="Activités et autres caractéristiques -- Artisans">Artisans</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/explorer.php?type=caracteristiques&amp;term1=31" title="Activités et autres caractéristiques -- Artistes">Artistes</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-identifiers-list 1 Element 180 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="display:none;" id="content-doc-history-2-birth" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-birth-description content#metadata-birth-caption Element 191 192 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-birth" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Région de naissance">Région de naissance</a> <div id="doc-history-2-birth" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 0 Element 190 --> <!-- insert#metadata-birth-list 1 Element 190 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <li style="" id="content-doc-history-2-activity" role="presentation"> <!-- title#metadata-activity-description content#metadata-activity-caption Element 201 202 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#doc-history-2-activity" class="accordion-toggle" aria-expanded="false" title="Régions d'activités">Régions d'activités</a> <div id="doc-history-2-activity" class="collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- format: listgroup Element 200 --> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 0 Element 200 --> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/explorer.php?type=carriere&amp;term1=21&amp;term2=121&amp;term3=399&amp;term4=492" title="Région -- Amérique du Nord -- Canada -- Québec -- Montréal/Outaouais">Amérique du Nord &ndash; Canada &ndash; Québec &ndash; Montréal/Outaouais</a></li> </ul> <!-- insert#metadata-activity-list 1 Element 200 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / # --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav metadata --> <!-- nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="" id="sidebar-social-1"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 1 --> <!-- nav RED --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <nav style="" id="sidebar-main-menu" class="dcb-generic-sidebar dcb-generic-sidebar col-theme-red"> <ul class="dcb-pills nav-pills nav-stacked"> <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/nouvelles_biographies.html" title="Nouvelles biographies" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_new_bios">Nouvelles biographies</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="/fr/biographies_mises_a_jour.html" title="Biographies modifiées" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_updated_bios">Biographies modifiées</a></li> <li role="presentation"> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelBioOfTheDay" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Lisez l&#x27;histoire d&#x27;un personnage né ou mort ce jour" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd">Biographie du jour</a> <div id="panelBioOfTheDay" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="botd-dynamic feed-item-sidebar" data-brx-dyn="ajax:content:/fr/ajax/botd.php"> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--feed-item-sidebar--> <div class="see-all"> <strong><a href="/fr/bio_du_jour.html" class="see-all" title="Voir les biographies du jour précédentes" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_botd_all">Voir les précédentes</a></strong> </div><!--see-all--> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelBioOfTheDay --> </li> <li role="presentation"> <!-- title#special-project-description content#special-project-caption Element 211 212 --> <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#panelSpecialProjects" class="accordion-toggle collapsed" aria-expanded="true" title="Thèmes importants de l’histoire canadienne et modules éducatifs, préparés et présentés par des collaborateurs et des rédacteurs du DBC/DCB">Thèmes, essais et ressources</a> <div id="panelSpecialProjects" class="collapse in" aria-expanded="true"> <!-- format: listgroup-items Element 210 --> <ul class="list-group"> <!-- insert#special-project-items 0 Element 210 --> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_confederation.html" title="La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration">La Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_1re_guerre_mondiale.html" title="La Première Guerre mondiale">La Première Guerre mondiale</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_femmes.html" title="Les femmes dans le DBC/DCB">Les femmes dans le DBC/DCB</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_sportifs.html" title="Sports et sportifs">Sports et sportifs</a></li> <li class="list-group-item"><a href="/fr/theme_acadiens_s_xix.html" title="Les Acadiens">Les Acadiens</a></li> <!-- insert#special-project-items 1 Element 210 --> <div class="dcb-image-panel dcb-panel panel"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="see-all"> <a href="/fr/gallery_special_projects.html" class="see-all" title="Voir la liste des Thèmes, essais et ressources" data-brx-ls="template_sidebar_themes_all">Voir la liste complète</a> </div> </div><!-- .panel-body --> </div><!-- .dcb-image-panel .dcb-panel .panel --> </ul> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!-- .collapse / #panelSpecialProjects --> </li> </ul><!-- .dcb-pills .nav-pills --> </nav> <!--END nav RED--> <!-- nav SOCIAL 2 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div class="row" style="display:none;" id="sidebar-social-2"> <div class="col-md-12 share-this"> <div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-center st-lang-fr st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated st-1"> <div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="facebook sharing button" src="/img/facebook.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_facebook">Partager</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> <div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="twitter" style="display: inline-block;"> <img alt="twitter sharing button" src="/img/twitter.svg"> <span class="st-label" data-brx-ls="template_share_twitter">Tweeter</span> </div><!-- .st-btn --> </div><!-- .sharethis-inline-share-buttons --> </div><!-- .col-md-12 .share-this --> </div><!-- .row --> <!-- END nav SOCIAL 2 --> </ul> </nav> </div> </div><!-- /#sidebar --> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-lg-9 col-xl-10 content-area" id="content-area"> <!-- page-content used when bio not published and non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 0 Element 240 used by non-bio pages --> <!-- insert#page-content 1 Element 240 --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="display:none;" id="summary" class="summary bio"> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 0 Element 250 --> <!-- insert#summary-paragraphs 1 Element 250 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="first" class="bio"> <!-- Element 260 family --> <div style="" class="pull-left inset-area" id="bio-primary-image"> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div id="bio-main-image" class="image-container left w600"> <!-- src#primary_image_href alt#primary_alt title#primary_description element 260 261 262 --> <a class="open-gallery" href="javascript:void()"><img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/w600.4621.jpg" alt="Titre original&nbsp;: Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process 8 x 5 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869.1 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)" title="Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process 8 x 5 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869.1 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)"></a> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 0 element 263 --> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/I-7869.1" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process 8 x 5 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869.1 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> <!-- insert#primary_source_link 1 element 263 --> </div> </div> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 0 element 270 --> <p id="paragraph_89666" class="FirstParagraph"><strong>DUNCAN, JAMES D</strong>., peintre, lithographe et professeur de dessin, né en 1806 à Coleraine (Irlande du Nord)&nbsp;; en 1834, il épousa Caroline Benedict Power, de Sorel, Bas-Canada, et ils eurent trois fils et deux filles&nbsp;; décédé à Montréal le 28&nbsp;septembre&nbsp;1881.</p> <p id="paragraph_89667" class="NormalParagraph">C’est en Irlande que James D.&nbsp;Duncan passa les 19 premières années de sa vie. En 1825, après avoir reçu une certaine formation artistique, il émigra au Bas-Canada&nbsp;; en 1830, il était installé à Montréal comme artiste professionnel et professeur de dessin. Durant la rébellion de 1837, il possédait une commission de lieutenant de régiment d’infanterie légère.</p> <p id="paragraph_89668" class="NormalParagraph">Grâce à ses nombreuses huiles, gouaches et aquarelles, représentant des scènes de la vie montréalaise sous la forme de paysages égayés par des éléments anecdotiques propres à la peinture de genre, Duncan se fit connaître pendant plusieurs décennies comme le peintre par excellence de Montréal. Il peignit également quelques paysages de Québec et, en 1848, se rendit à Niagara et à London, Haut-Canada, pour y chercher de nouveaux sujets. L’influence de la tradition britannique sur les premières aquarelles de Duncan se reflète dans une série de vues de Montréal, commandées par Jacques <a href="/fr/bio/viger_jacques_8F.html" hreflang="fr">Viger*</a> en 1831, qui vont du traitement purement topographique, comme dans <em>Ruins of Fort Senneville,</em> à l’interprétation plus pittoresque de <em>St.&nbsp;Genevieve.</em></p> <p id="paragraph_89669" class="NormalParagraph">Conformément au goût de la période victorienne, Duncan peignit des scènes connues où l’on retrouve des éléments topographiques et pittoresques&nbsp;; il adopta cette manière de peindre au début de sa carrière et la conserva jusqu’à la fin de sa vie. Le&nbsp;tableau intitulé <em>View of Montreal from St.&nbsp;Helen’s Island</em> (1852) est caractéristique de son travail&nbsp;: au premier plan se trouve l’île d’où l’observateur voit la ville, avec des arbres servant de cadre et un élément anecdotique&nbsp;; la ville, au second plan, est rendue par le détail de ses édifices&nbsp;; à l’arrière-plan, la silhouette onduleuse du mont Royal trace une ligne d’horizon d’un pittoresque agréable.</p> <p id="paragraph_89670" class="NormalParagraph">La&nbsp;méthode à laquelle Duncan avait recours, en tant que peintre de genre, l’amena à exécuter de nombreuses études. Son plus ancien carnet de croquis, qui couvre les années 1840 à 1845, montre des scènes de rues de Montréal et de ses marchés, ainsi que des chasseurs et des Indiens. Ces croquis constituent la source des anecdotes que l’on remarque toujours dans ses aquarelles les plus achevées. Duncan fut l’un des premiers peintres de genre parmi les artistes anglophones du Canada et, à cet égard, on peut établir un lien entre lui et Cornelius <a href="/fr/bio/krieghoff_cornelius_10F.html" hreflang="fr">Krieghoff*</a> dont il a très probablement subi l’influence, quoiqu’il faudrait encore en faire la preuve par une étude approfondie.</p> <p id="paragraph_89671" class="NormalParagraph">Après le début des années 1850, Duncan commença à manifester un intérêt croissant pour les couleurs de l’automne dans ses aquarelles. Quoique le sujet d’une toile comme <em>Montreal from the mountain</em> (1858) soit encore une description détaillée du panorama montréalais, l’artiste concentre une grande partie de son attention sur le paysage automnal qui se trouve à l’avant-plan, où le feuillage est subtilement rendu par la pureté des jaunes, des roses, des fauves saumon et des verts appliqués les uns à côté des autres. Ce traitement méthodique et naturaliste du paysage avec des couleurs claires et uniformes est typique des aquarelles que Duncan peignit durant la dernière partie de sa carrière.</p> <p id="paragraph_89672" class="NormalParagraph">Un grand nombre des aquarelles de Duncan ayant pour thèmes la vie à Montréal et des vues de la ville servirent à illustrer des magazines tels que le <em>Canadian Illustrated News</em> (Montréal) et l’<em>Illustrated London News.</em> Il exécuta également les dessins du <em>Hochelaga depicta</em> de Newton Bosworth, guide de Montréal publié en 1839&nbsp;et&nbsp;1846&nbsp;; ces illustrations, où les détails des édifices sont reproduits avec une grande précision, ont une valeur particulière en ce qu’elles comptent parmi les rares documents originaux qui nous restent sur l’architecture montréalaise de l’époque.</p> <p id="paragraph_89673" class="NormalParagraph">Si Duncan fut un paysagiste-aquarelliste fécond, on ne lui connaît par contre que quatre importants paysages à l’huile. Le&nbsp;plus ancien, <em>View of Montreal</em> (vers 1826), montre l’influence de l’idéalisme classique, laquelle se traduit par l’éclairage dramatique et la présentation très ordonnée du paysage montréalais. Ce style fait place à une manière topographique et pittoresque dans <em>Montreal from the mountain</em> et <em>Montreal from St.&nbsp;Helen’s Island</em> (1838), où Duncan a peint les aspects les plus riches de la ville avec un grand souci du détail architectural. Le&nbsp;quatrième paysage est une grande toile, <em>View of Montreal from the mountain</em> (vers 1843), qui constituait peut-être une esquisse en vue d’une future série de tableaux panoramiques.</p> <p id="paragraph_89674" class="NormalParagraph">Comme portraitiste Duncan travailla surtout avant la fin des années 1850. Ses portraits comprennent des huiles, des miniatures à l’aquarelle et au pastel et des silhouettes&nbsp;; il fit aussi de la photographie. Son style en tant que portraitiste est inégal et inconstant et cette manière irrégulière de peindre explique peut-être le fait qu’on n’ait pu lui attribuer qu’un petit nombre de portraits. La&nbsp;série de portraits de personnages de l’histoire du Canada, commandés par Jacques Viger entre 1839&nbsp;et&nbsp;1845, constitue le meilleur exemple de son travail de portraitiste.</p> <p id="paragraph_89675" class="NormalParagraph">Duncan peignit également un certain nombre d’œuvres basées sur des thèmes historiques. Lorsque Viger, en 1845, le chargea d’illustrer certaines sections de son ouvrage «&nbsp;Ma Saberdache&nbsp;», l’artiste peignit <em>First encounter with the Illinois, Montreal in</em> 1693 et d’autres sujets semblables. Il fit aussi des illustrations à l’aquarelle pour un album de Viger, «&nbsp;Costumes des communautés religieuses de femmes en Canada [...]&nbsp;», que l’auteur offrit à Mgr Cajetan Bedini en souvenir de la visite que celui-ci fit à Montréal en 1853. Ses autres œuvres à caractère historique, telles que <em>Burning of Hayes House, Montreal</em> (1852) et <em>Gavazzi riot</em> (1853), représentent des événements contemporains.</p> <p id="paragraph_89676" class="NormalParagraph">Duncan fut l’un des premiers dessinateurs lithographes du Canada&nbsp;; c’est à Montréal et à Québec encore une fois qu’il trouva ses sujets. En 1847, il fit paraître <em>Panoramic view of Montreal,</em> œuvre gravée par W.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Barnard. Une série de six vues de Montréal dessinées sur pierre par Duncan parut dans cette ville en 1849. On note dans ces œuvres la même organisation picturale et les mêmes préoccupations que dans les vues traitées à l’aquarelle.</p> <p id="paragraph_89677" class="NormalParagraph">Pendant toute sa carrière, Duncan enseigna le dessin à temps partiel dans divers établissements scolaires de Montréal, tels que l’école secondaire de la McGill Normal School et le lycée (High School) de Montréal. En 1845, il collabora avec M.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Gordon à l’organisation de cours de dessin à la place d’Armes. Duncan avait la réputation d’être un professeur compétent et consciencieux qui s’efforçait d’apprendre aux élèves les principes fondamentaux du dessin et les techniques de l’aquarelle et de les initier aux grands mouvements artistiques qui étaient alors en vogue en Europe.</p> <p id="paragraph_89678" class="NormalParagraph">Dans les dernières années de sa vie, Duncan obtint le succès tant sur le plan financier qu’artistique. En 1864, il prit part à une entreprise commerciale qui se révéla rentable, la Duncan and Company, firme d’«&nbsp;imprimeurs lithographes, graveurs et dessinateurs&nbsp;». Il présenta ses œuvres à l’Exposition universelle de Londres en 1851, aux expositions provinciales du Bas-Canada tenues à Montréal de 1863 à 1865, à l’Association des beaux-arts de Montréal de 1865 à 1879, à la Société des artistes canadiens de 1867 à 1871 et à l’Académie royale canadienne en 1881. Duncan se rendit en Angleterre et en Écosse en 1879 dans le but manifeste d’acheter des œuvres d’art pour son propre compte et pour celui de collectionneurs montréalais comme George Alexander <a href="/fr/bio/drummond_george_alexander_13F.html" hreflang="fr">Drummond*</a>. À la fin de 1880, il revint à Montréal où il mourut l’année suivante.</p> <p id="paragraph_89679" class="NormalParagraph">Artiste au talent reconnu, Duncan avait été l’un des membres fondateurs, avec Krieghoff, de la Société des artistes de Montréal en 1847, dont il fut aussi trésorier&nbsp;; il fut élu au sein de la Société des artistes canadiens à Montréal en 1867 et membre correspondant de l’Académie royale canadienne en 1880. Lorsqu’il exécutait des œuvres à des fins commerciales, il se conformait aux goûts d’une classe moyenne qui grandissait rapidement. Par sa carrière et par ses œuvres, il est le parfait exemple de l’artiste canadien qui, au milieu du <span class="SmallCaps">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, connut la réussite.</p> <p class="AuthorParagraph"><a href="/fr/collab/11"><span class="SmallCaps">Patricia A.&nbsp;Todd</span></a></p> <!-- insert#bio-paragraphs 1 element 270 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </section> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <section style="" id="second" class="biblio"> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 0 280 --> <p id="paragraph_89681" class="BibliographyFirstParagraph">Le&nbsp;musée McCord (Montréal) conserve plus de 40 œuvres de James D.&nbsp;Duncan.</p><p id="paragraph_89682" class="BibliographyParagraph">Arch. privées, G.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Drummond (Montréal), Lettres de George Alexander Drummond.— ASQ, Fonds Viger-Verreau, Sér. O, 095–0125.— Bibliothèque de la ville de Montréal, Salle Gagnon, Fonds Jacques Viger, «&nbsp;Costumes des communautés religieuses de femmes en Canada [...] en 1853&nbsp;».— McGill Univ. Arch., McGill High School Arch.&nbsp;; McGill Normal School Arch.— Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto), Canadiana Dept., Sigmund Samuel coll., James Duncan, Sketchbook.— <em>Canadian Illustrated News</em> (Montréal), 5&nbsp;juill.&nbsp;1873.— <em>Illustrated London News</em>, 7&nbsp;août&nbsp;1852, 19&nbsp;mars, 16&nbsp;avril&nbsp;1859.— <em>La&nbsp;Minerve</em>, 16&nbsp;oct.&nbsp;1845, 4&nbsp;juill.&nbsp;1854.— <em>Montreal Gazette</em>, 1<sup>er</sup>&nbsp;nov.&nbsp;1856.— Mary Allodi, <em>Canadian watercolours and drawings in the Royal Ontario Museum</em> (2 vol., Toronto, 1974), 1&nbsp;: 691–726.— C.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;DeVolpi et P.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Winkworth, <em>Montréal&nbsp;; recueil iconographique</em> [...] <em>1535–1885</em> (2 vol., Montréal, 1963), I&nbsp;: 85, 89–94.— J.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Harper, <em>Everyman’s Canada&nbsp;; paintings and drawings from the McCord Museum of McGill University</em> (Ottawa, 1962), 43s.&nbsp;; <em>Painting in Canada</em>, 124, 189.— Gérard Morisset, <em>La&nbsp;peinture traditionnelle au Canada français</em> (Ottawa, 1960), 148–150.— P.&nbsp;St.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;Spendlove, <em>The face of early Canada&nbsp;: pictures of Canada which have helped to make history</em> (Toronto, 1958), 65s.— Jules Bazin, «&nbsp;L’album de consolation de Jacques Viger&nbsp;», <em>Vie des arts</em> (Montréal), 17 (1959)&nbsp;: 26–30.— É.-Z.&nbsp;Massicotte, «&nbsp;L’illustrateur du vieux Montréal&nbsp;», <em>BRH</em>, 46 (1940)&nbsp;: 139–141.</p> <!-- insert#biblio-paragraphs 1 280 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 0 element 290 --> <div id="general_biblio" class="col-xs-12 GeneralBibliography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/fr/biblio/11" onclick="return true;" title="Bibliographie générale">Bibliographie générale</a></div> <!-- insert#general-bibliography 1 --> <!-- insert#copyright 0 element 300 --> <div id="copyright" class="col-xs-12 CopyrightBiography BibliographyParagraph"><a href="/fr/avis.php" onclick="return true;" title="&copy;&nbsp;1982&ndash;2024&nbsp;Université Laval/University of Toronto">&copy;&nbsp;1982&ndash;2024&nbsp;Université Laval/University of Toronto</a></div> <!-- insert#copyright 0 --> </section> <!--END BIBLIOGRAPHY--> <!-- jtk 7-apr-2019 reader-mode --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" class="container-fluid reader-mode" id="bottom-content"> <div class="row"> </div> <!-- .row --> <!-- element 550 section-* tags --> <div style="" id="content-image-gallery" class="row"> <div id="image-gallery" class="col-xs-12 col-theme-white"> <h2 data-brx-ls="template_bio_image_gallery">Collection d’images</h2> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles startControl --> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- LIGHTBOX CAPTIONS --> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 0 element 310 --> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption1" style="display:none"> <h4>Monument to Wolfe &, Montcalm, Quebec [image fixe] / [James Duncan]</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/1996367" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Monument to Wolfe &, Montcalm, Quebec [image fixe] / [James Duncan]" target="_blank">Avec la permission de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec&nbsp;/&nbsp;52327/1996367</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption2" style="display:none"> <h4>French cathedral and market square, Quebec [image fixe] / [James Duncan]</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/1996371" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: French cathedral and market square, Quebec [image fixe] / [James Duncan]" target="_blank">Avec la permission de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec&nbsp;/&nbsp;52327/1996371</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption3" style="display:none"> <h4>View of Montreal from St. Helen's Island [image fixe] / James Duncan</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/1996409" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: View of Montreal from St. Helen's Island [image fixe] / James Duncan" target="_blank">Avec la permission de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec&nbsp;/&nbsp;52327/1996409</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption4" style="display:none"> <h4>Print Dalhousie Square, Montreal, during the fire of 1852 James Duncan (1806-1881) About 1900, 19th century or 20th century 38.2 x 51 cm Gift of Mr. David Ross McCord M7411.1.2 © McCord Museum Keywords:  disaster (71) , History (944) , Print (10661)</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M7411.1.2" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Print Dalhousie Square, Montreal, during the fire of 1852 James Duncan (1806-1881) About 1900, 19th century or 20th century 38.2 x 51 cm Gift of Mr. David Ross McCord M7411.1.2 © McCord Museum Keywords:  disaster (71) , History (944) , Print (10661)" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption5" style="display:none"> <h4>Painting Sleighing James Duncan (1806-1881) 1850-1870, 19th century Watercolour and graphite on paper 15.7 x 23.2 cm Gift of Mr. David Ross McCord M311 © McCord Museum Keywords:  Genre (188) , Painting (2229) , painting (2226)</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M311" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Painting Sleighing James Duncan (1806-1881) 1850-1870, 19th century Watercolour and graphite on paper 15.7 x 23.2 cm Gift of Mr. David Ross McCord M311 © McCord Museum Keywords:  Genre (188) , Painting (2229) , painting (2226)" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption6" style="display:none"> <h4>Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process 8 x 5 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869.1 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/I-7869.1" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on paper mounted on paper - Albumen process 8 x 5 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869.1 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> </div> <div class="image-gallery-caption" id="caption7" style="display:none"> <h4>Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on glass - Wet collodion process 12 x 10 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)</h4> <p>Provenance&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/I-7869" onclick="return true;" title="Titre original&nbsp;: Photograph James Duncan, artist, Montreal, QC, 1863 William Notman (1826-1891) 1863, 19th century Silver salts on glass - Wet collodion process 12 x 10 cm Purchase from Associated Screen News Ltd. I-7869 © McCord Museum Keywords:  male (26812) , Photograph (77678) , portrait (53878)" target="_blank">Lien</a></p> </div> <!-- insert#bio-images-captions 1 element 310 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> <!-- LIGHTBOX DATA --> <!--CAPTIONS METHODS--> <div class="demo-gallery"> <ul id="captions" class="list-unstyled row"> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 0 element 311 --> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4616.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption1"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4616.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4617.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption2"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4617.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4618.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption3"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4618.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4619.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption4"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4619.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4620.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption5"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4620.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4621.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption6"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4621.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <li class="image-gallery-entry col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4" data-src="/bioimages/original.4622.jpg" data-sub-html="#caption7"> <a href=""> <img class="img-responsive" src="/bioimages/s500.4622.jpg"> <div class="demo-gallery-poster"> <img src="/img/zoom.png"> </div> </a> </li> <!-- insert#bio-images-data 1 element 311 --> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </ul> </div><!-- demo-gallery --> </div><!-- .container-fluid --> <!-- ContainerBioGalleryTiles endControl --> </div> </div><!-- .row --> <div class="row"> <div id="citations" class="column-section col-theme-white col-xs-12"> <!-- insert#bio-citation 0 Element 320 --> <!-- START bbb ContentCitation --> <h3>Comment écrire la référence bibliographique de cette biographie</h3><p>Patricia A.&nbsp;Todd, «&nbsp;DUNCAN, JAMES D&nbsp;», dans <em>Dictionnaire biographique du Canada</em>, vol. 11, Université Laval/University of Toronto, 2003–&nbsp;, consulté le <span class="today-dmy">23 nov. 2024</span>, <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/duncan_james_d_11F.html</span>. <h4> Information &agrave; utiliser pour d&#39;autres types de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence bibliographique</h4> <br /> <table cellpadding="3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Permalien: </strong></td> <td> <span class="permalink">https://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/duncan_james_d_11F.html</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Auteur de l&#39;article:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> Patricia A.&nbsp;Todd</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Titre de l&#39;article:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> DUNCAN, JAMES D</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Titre de la publication:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> <em>Dictionnaire biographique du Canada</em>, vol. 11</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>&Eacute;diteur:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> Université Laval/University of Toronto</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Ann&eacute;e de la publication:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> 1982</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Ann&eacute;e de la r&eacute;vision:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> 1982</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <strong>Date de consultation:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></td> <td> <span class="today-dmy">23 nov. 2024</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> </p> <!-- END ContentCitation --> <!-- insert#bio-citation 1 Element 320 --> </div> </div> <!-- {{example:0}} --><!-- {{example:1}} --> </div><!--END bottom-content --> </div><!-- /#content-area --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </div> <!-- row->mainrow --> <a id="button" data-brx-ls="template_return_to_top" title="Retourner au haut de la page"></a> </div><!-- /#bootstrap-wrapper --> <!-- insert#footer 0 Element 400 --> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 ut_laval"> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr added target --> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ulaval.ca/"> <img class="img-responsive" src="/img/laval.svg"> </a> <!-- jtk-footer-4-apr 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