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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaposici%C3%B3_i_coordinaci%C3%B3" title="Juxtaposició i coordinació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Juxtaposició i coordinació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtapozice" title="Juxtapozice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Juxtapozice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuxtaposici%C3%B3n_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Yuxtaposición (gramática) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yuxtaposición (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaposition" title="Juxtaposition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juxtaposition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xustaposici%C3%B3n" title="Xustaposición – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xustaposición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukstapozicija" title="Jukstapozicija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jukstapozicija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukstaposisi" title="Jukstaposisi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jukstaposisi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtapositie" title="Juxtapositie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juxtapositie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justaposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Justaposição (gramática) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Justaposição (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukstapozicija" title="Jukstapozicija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jukstapozicija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Act of placing two elements side by side</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Juxtaposition_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Juxtaposition (disambiguation)">Juxtaposition (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Juxtapose" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Juxtapose_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Juxtapose (disambiguation)">Juxtapose (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg/220px-Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg/330px-Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg/440px-Three_sisters_with_three_sisters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Juxtaposition of <a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">three sisters</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(Australia)" title="Three Sisters (Australia)">Three Sisters</a> rock formation in Australia</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Juxtaposition</b> is an act or instance of placing two opposing elements close together or side by side. This is often done in order to <a href="/wiki/Comparison" title="Comparison">compare</a>/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences, etc. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speech">Speech</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaposition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Speech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juxtaposition in literary terms is the showing contrast by concepts placed side by side. An example of juxtaposition are the quotes "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country", and "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate", both by <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, who particularly liked juxtaposition as a rhetorical device.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a> specifically contrasts juxtaposition in various fields from <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a>, arguing that "juxtaposition and syncretism are in antithesis, syncretism being the predominance of the whole over the details, juxtaposition that of the details over the whole".<sup id="cite_ref-Piaget_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piaget-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piaget writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In visual perception, juxtaposition is the absence of relations between details; <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretism</a> is a vision of the whole which creates a vague but all-inclusive schema, supplanting the details. In <a href="/wiki/Verbal_intelligence" title="Verbal intelligence">verbal intelligence</a> juxtaposition is the absence of relations between the various terms of a sentence; syncretism is the all-round understanding which makes the sentence into a whole. In logic juxtaposition leads to an absence of implication and reciprocal justification between the successive judgments; syncretism creates a tendency to bind everything together and to justify by means of the most ingenious or the most facetious devices.<sup id="cite_ref-Piaget_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piaget-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a>, juxtaposition refers to the absence of linking elements in a group of words that are listed together. Thus, where <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical conjunction">conjunction</a> <i>and</i> (e.g. <i>mother and father</i>), many languages use simple juxtaposition ("mother father"). In <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>, juxtaposition is a <a href="/wiki/Logical_fallacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical fallacy">logical fallacy</a> on the part of the observer, where two items placed next to each other imply a correlation, when none is actually claimed. For example, an illustration of a politician and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> on the same page would imply that the politician had a common ideology with Hitler. Similarly, saying "Hitler was in favor of gun control, and so are you" would have the same effect. This particular rhetorical device is common enough to have its own name, <a href="/wiki/Reductio_ad_Hitlerum" title="Reductio ad Hitlerum">Reductio ad Hitlerum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaposition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Implicit"></span><span class="anchor" id="Explicit"></span>In <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, multiplication involving <a href="/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variables</a> is often written as a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/juxtaposition" class="extiw" title="wikt:juxtaposition">juxtaposition</a> (e.g., <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle xy}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle xy}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c72eb345e496513fb8b2fa4aa8c4d89b855f9a01" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.485ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle xy}"></span> for <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> times <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5</mn> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5adce1d349cd87969996dd19d6f1c75a30926372" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.492ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5x}"></span> for five times <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span>), also called <i>implied multiplication</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notation can also be used for quantities that are surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses">parentheses</a> (e.g., <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5(2)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5(2)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2a7ec534cae3d03d91782f05db0228f8fa7e1fb2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.134ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5(2)}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (5)(2)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (5)(2)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c2a9191aab090aa424333c85aa878258d675f945" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.944ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (5)(2)}"></span> for five times two). This implicit usage of multiplication can cause ambiguity when the concatenated variables happen to match the name of another variable, when a variable name in front of a parenthesis can be confused with a <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a> name, or in the correct determination of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_operations" title="Order of operations">order of operations</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, juxtaposition of symbols is the adjacency of factors with the absence of an explicit <a href="/wiki/Operator_(mathematics)" title="Operator (mathematics)">operator</a> in an expression, especially for commonly used for multiplication: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ax}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ax}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d44662eeb8cbba7277da838b75c77d8cd3a4547" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.559ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ax}"></span> denotes the product of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span> with <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span>, or <i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span></i> times <i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span></i>. It is also used for <a href="/wiki/Scalar_multiplication" title="Scalar multiplication">scalar multiplication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrix_multiplication" title="Matrix multiplication">matrix multiplication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Function_composition" title="Function composition">function composition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Logical_conjunction" title="Logical conjunction">logical <i>and</i></a>. In <a href="/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system">numeral systems</a>, juxtaposition of digits has a specific meaning. In <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, juxtaposition of names of points represents <a href="/wiki/Line_(geometry)" title="Line (geometry)">lines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Line_segment" title="Line segment">line segments</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lambda_calculus" title="Lambda calculus">lambda calculus</a>, juxtaposition <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle fx}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle fx}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/09a1c28642938af5559d1c9a199e6200283b3bea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.608ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle fx}"></span> denotes function application. In <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, juxtaposition is also used for "multiplication" of a numerical value and a <a href="/wiki/Physical_quantity" title="Physical quantity">physical quantity</a>, and of two physical quantities, for example, three times <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span> would be written as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 3\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>3</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 3\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/871853b9075ea254105a6b3d40362caef7733486" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.494ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 3\pi }"></span> and "<a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> equals length times width" as <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A=\ell w}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mi>w</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A=\ell w}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dc8c88389f55ac72d0c75e53918d24a5c5db06fa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.475ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A=\ell w}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts">Arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaposition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Architectural_juxtaposition_(geograph_5991700).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg/220px-Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg/330px-Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg/440px-Architectural_juxtaposition_%28geograph_5991700%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A modern-style house contrasts with the older structures in the background in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the arts, juxtaposition of elements is used to elicit a response within the audience's mind, such as creating meaning from the contrast. In <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, it is an abrupt change of elements, and is a procedure of <a href="/wiki/Contrast_(music)" title="Contrast (music)">musical contrast</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, the position of shots next to one another (<a href="/wiki/Montage_(filmmaking)" title="Montage (filmmaking)">montage</a>) is intended to have this effect. In <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, the juxtaposition of colours, shapes, etc, is used to create contrast, while the position of particular kinds of objects one upon the other or different kinds of characters in proximity to one another is intended to evoke meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various forms of juxtaposition occur in <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, where two images that are otherwise not commonly brought together appear side by side or structurally close together, thereby forcing the reader to stop and reconsider the meaning of the text through the contrasting images, ideas, motifs, etc. For example, "He was slouched gracefully" is a juxtaposition. More broadly, an author can juxtapose contrasting types of characters, such as a hero and a rogue working together to achieve a common objective from very different motivations.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaposition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juxtaposed_controls" title="Juxtaposed controls">Juxtaposed controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">Literary foil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juxtaposition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLucas2015" class="citation book cs1">Lucas, Stephen (2015). <i>The Art of Public Speaking</i>. Boston: McGraw-Hill Education. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781259095672" title="Special:BookSources/9781259095672"><bdi>9781259095672</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/953518704">953518704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Public+Speaking&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F953518704&rft.isbn=9781259095672&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuxtaposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piaget-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Piaget_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Piaget_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiaget2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Piaget, Jean</a> (2002) [orig. pub. 1928]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bGR9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">"Grammar and Logic"</a>. <i>Judgement and Reasoning in the Child</i>. International Library of Psychology, Developmental Psychology. Vol. 23. London: Routledge. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415-21003-8" title="Special:BookSources/0415-21003-8"><bdi>0415-21003-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/559388585">559388585</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grammar+and+Logic&rft.btitle=Judgement+and+Reasoning+in+the+Child&rft.place=London&rft.series=International+Library+of+Psychology%2C+Developmental+Psychology&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F559388585&rft.isbn=0415-21003-8&rft.aulast=Piaget&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbGR9AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuxtaposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datamath.net/Leaflets/TI-88_Announcement.pdf"><i>Announcing the TI Programmable 88!</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a>. 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803091337/http://www.datamath.net/Leaflets/TI-88_Announcement.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Announcing+the+TI+Programmable+88%21&rft.pub=Texas+Instruments&rft.date=1982&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.datamath.net%2FLeaflets%2FTI-88_Announcement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuxtaposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2003" class="citation book cs1">Young, James O. (2003). <i>Art and Knowledge</i>. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Knowledge&rft.pages=84&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=James+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuxtaposition" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. 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