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class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Psychology of language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology_of_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Books-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Books subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_and_Communication,_1951" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_Communication,_1951"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span><i>Language and Communication</i>, 1951</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_Communication,_1951-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_and_the_Structure_of_Behavior,_1960" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_and_the_Structure_of_Behavior,_1960"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span><i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i>, 1960</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_and_the_Structure_of_Behavior,_1960-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Psychology_of_Communication,_1967" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Psychology_of_Communication,_1967"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>The Psychology of Communication</i>, 1967</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Psychology_of_Communication,_1967-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chapters_in_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapters_in_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Chapters in books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapters_in_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">George Armitage Miller</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="جورج أرميتاج ميلر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جورج أرميتاج ميلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="جرج آرمیتیج میلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جرج آرمیتیج میلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জর্জ আর্মিটেজ মিলার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জ আর্মিটেজ মিলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джордж Милър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джордж Милър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George A. Miller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="جرج آرمیتیج میلر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جرج آرمیتیج میلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%ED%8B%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%B0%80%EB%9F%AC" title="조지 아미티지 밀러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 아미티지 밀러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BB_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ջորջ Արմիթիջ Միլլեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջորջ Արմիթիջ Միլլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%92%27_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="ג'ורג' ארמיטאג' מילר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ורג' ארמיטאג' מילר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Armitage_Miller" title="Georgius Armitage Miller – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" title="ジョージ・ミラー (心理学者) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・ミラー (心理学者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George A. Miller" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Миллер, Джордж Армитаж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миллер, Джордж Армитаж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George A. Miller" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEord%C5%BE_Armita%C5%BE_Miler" title="Džordž Armitaž Miler – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džordž Armitaž Miler" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джордж Міллер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джордж Міллер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="George Armitage Miller" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Armitage_Miller" title="George Armitage Miller – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Armitage Miller</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Armitage_Miller_speaking_at_the_first_APS_convention_in_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7e/George_Armitage_Miller_speaking_at_the_first_APS_convention_in_1989.jpg/220px-George_Armitage_Miller_speaking_at_the_first_APS_convention_in_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/George_Armitage_Miller_speaking_at_the_first_APS_convention_in_1989.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-02-03</span>)</span>February 3, 1920<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 22, 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-07-22)</span> (aged 92)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Plainsboro,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainsboro, New Jersey">Plainsboro, New Jersey</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Contributions to Cognitive Psychology and Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two" title="The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two</a></li> <li>Directing <a href="/wiki/WordNet" title="WordNet">WordNet</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Levy_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis E. Levy Medal">Louis E. Levy Medal</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/APA_Award_for_Lifetime_Contributions_to_Psychology" title="APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology">APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li> <li>Harvard University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a></li> <li>University of Alabama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Optimal Design of Jamming Signals </i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1946)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Smith_Stevens" title="Stanley Smith Stevens">Stanley Smith Stevens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Sperling" title="George Sperling">George Sperling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulric_Neisser" title="Ulric Neisser">Ulric Neisser</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Armitage Miller</b> (February 3, 1920 – July 22, 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">cognitive psychology</a>, and more broadly, of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a>. He also contributed to the birth of <a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">psycholinguistics</a>. Miller wrote several books and directed the development of <a href="/wiki/WordNet" title="WordNet">WordNet</a>, an online word-linkage <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> usable by <a href="/wiki/Computer_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer programs">computer programs</a>. He authored the paper, "<a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two" title="The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two</a>," in which he observed that many different experimental findings considered together reveal the presence of an average limit of seven for human <a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">short-term memory</a> capacity. This paper is frequently cited by psychologists and in the wider culture. Miller won numerous awards, including the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>. </p><p>Miller began his career when the reigning theory in psychology was <a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">behaviorism</a>, which eschewed the study of <a href="/wiki/Mental_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental processes">mental processes</a> and focused on observable behavior. Rejecting this approach, Miller devised <a href="/wiki/Experimental_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental techniques">experimental techniques</a> and mathematical methods to analyze mental processes, focusing particularly on speech and language. Working mostly at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, he went on to become one of the founders of psycholinguistics and was one of the key figures in founding the broader new field of cognitive science, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1978</span>. He collaborated and co-authored work with other figures in cognitive science and psycholinguistics, such as <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>. For moving psychology into the realm of mental processes and for aligning that move with information theory, computation theory, and linguistics, Miller is considered one of the great twentieth-century psychologists. A <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_General_Psychology" title="Review of General Psychology">Review of General Psychology</a></i> survey, published in 2002, ranked Miller as the 20th most cited psychologist of that era.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller was born on February 3, 1920, in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a>, the son of George E. Miller, a steel company executive <sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Florence (née Armitage) Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after his birth, his parents divorced, and he lived with his mother during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, attending public school and graduating from <a href="/wiki/Charleston_High_School_(West_Virginia)" title="Charleston High School (West Virginia)">Charleston High School</a> in 1937. He moved with his mother and stepfather to Washington, D.C., and attended <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> for a year. His family practiced <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a>, which required turning to prayer, rather than medical science, for healing. After his stepfather was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, Miller transferred to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the University of Alabama he took courses in <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a>, voice science, and <a href="/wiki/Speech_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech pathology">speech pathology</a>, earning his bachelor's degree in history and speech in 1940, and a master's in a speech in 1941. Membership in the Drama club had fostered his interest in courses in the Speech Department. He was also influenced by Professor Donald Ramsdell, who introduced him both to psychology, and, indirectly through a seminar, to his future wife Katherine James.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They married on November 29, 1939. Katherine died in January 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Margaret Ferguson Skutch Page in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miller taught the course "Introduction to Psychology" at Alabama for two years. He enrolled in the Ph.D. program in psychology at Harvard University in 1943, after coming to the university in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Harvard he worked in Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Smith_Stevens" title="Stanley Smith Stevens">Stanley Smith Stevens</a>, researching military voice communications for the <a href="/wiki/Army_Signal_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Signal Corps">Army Signal Corps</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. He received his doctorate in 1946; his doctoral thesis, "The Optimal Design of Jamming Signals," was classified top secret by the US Army.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After receiving his doctorate, Miller stayed at Harvard as a research fellow, continuing his research on speech and hearing. He was appointed an assistant professor of psychology in 1948. The course he developed on language and communication eventually led to his first major book, <i>Language and communication</i> (1951). He took a sabbatical in 1950, and spent a year as a visiting fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>, to pursue his interest in mathematics. Miller befriended <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a>, with whom he played squash.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, Miller joined MIT as an associate professor of psychology. He led the psychology group at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Lincoln_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Lincoln Lab">MIT Lincoln Lab</a> and worked on voice communication and <a href="/wiki/Human_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Human engineering">human engineering</a>. A notable outcome of this research was his identification of the minimal voice features of speech required for it to be intelligible. Based on this work, in 1955, he was invited to talk at the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Psychological_Association" title="Eastern Psychological Association">Eastern Psychological Association</a>. That presentation, "The magical number seven, plus or minus two", was later published as a paper which went on to be a legendary one in cognitive psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miller moved back to Harvard as a tenured associate professor in 1955 and became a full professor in 1958, expanding his research into how language affects human cognition.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the university, he met a young Noam Chomsky, another of the founders of cognitive science. They spent a summer together at Stanford, where their two families shared a house. In 1958–59, Miller took leave to join the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences" title="Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences">Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, (now at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-APS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There he collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Galanter" title="Eugene Galanter">Eugene Galanter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl Pribram</a> on the book <i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i>. In 1960, along with <a href="/wiki/Jerome_S._Bruner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome S. Bruner">Jerome S. Bruner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he co-founded the Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cognitive term was a break from the then-dominant school of behaviorism, which insisted cognition was not fit for scientific study.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center attracted such notable visitors as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Luria" title="Alexander Luria">Alexander Luria</a> and Chomsky.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller then became the chair of the psychology department.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller was instrumental at the time for recruiting <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a> to teach at Harvard. Miller knew Leary from the University of Alabama, where Miller was teaching psychology and Leary graduated with an undergraduate degree from the department.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1967, Miller taught at <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> for a year, as a visiting professor,<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1968 to 1979, he was Professor at the Rockefeller and continued as adjunct professor there from 1979 to 1982. Following the election of a new president at Rockefeller <sup id="cite_ref-APS_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller moved to <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> as the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lindzey_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lindzey-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Princeton he helped to found (in 1986) the Cognitive Science Laboratory, and also directed the McDonnell-Pew Program in Cognitive Science.<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eventually, he became a <a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">professor emeritus</a> and senior research psychologist at Princeton. </p><p>Miller had honorary doctorates from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (1980), <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_catholique_de_Louvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Université catholique de Louvain">Catholic University of Louvain</a> (1978),<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> (in humane letters, 2003),<sup id="cite_ref-CMU_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMU-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DSC</a> from <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Honorary_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honorary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1957,<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1962,<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the presidency of the Eastern Psychological Association in 1962,<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> in 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-PsycNet_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller was the keynote speaker at the first convention of the Association for Psychological Science in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOfAPS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOfAPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_research_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright research fellow">Fulbright research fellow</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> in 1964–65,<sup id="cite_ref-APS_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1991, received the National Medal of Science.<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his later years, Miller enjoyed playing golf.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in 2012 at his home in <a href="/wiki/Plainsboro,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainsboro, New Jersey">Plainsboro, New Jersey</a> of complications of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his death, he was survived by his wife Margaret; the children from his first marriage: son Donnally James and daughter Nancy Saunders; two stepsons, David Skutch and Christopher Skutch; and three grandchildren: Gavin Murray-Miller, Morgan Murray-Miller and Nathaniel James Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_contributions">Major contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller began his career in a period during which behaviorism dominated research psychology. It was argued that observable processes are the proper subject matter of science, that behavior is observable and mental processes are not. Thus, mental processes were not a fit topic for study. Miller disagreed. He and others such <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a> and Noam Chomsky founded the field of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, which accepted the study of mental processes as fundamental to an understanding of complex behavior. In succeeding years, this cognitive approach largely replaced behaviorism as the framework governing research in psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Working_memory">Working memory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Working memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the days of <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>, psychologists had distinguished <a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">short-term</a> from <a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a>. While short-term memory seemed to be limited, its limits were not known. In 1956, Miller put a number on that limit in the paper "The magical number seven, plus or minus two". He derived this number from tasks such as asking a person to repeat a set of digits, presenting a stimulus and a label and requiring recall of the label, or asking the person to quickly count things in a group. In all three cases, Miller found the average limit to be seven items. He later had mixed feelings about this work, feeling that it had been often been misquoted, and he jokingly suggested that he was being persecuted by an integer.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller invented the term chunk to characterize the way that individuals could cope with this limitation on memory, effectively reducing the number of elements by grouping them. A chunk might be a single letter or a familiar word or even a larger familiar unit. These and related ideas strongly influenced the budding field of cognitive psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowen_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WordNet">WordNet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: WordNet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For many years starting from 1986, Miller directed the development of <a href="/wiki/WordNet" title="WordNet">WordNet</a>, a large computer-readable electronic reference usable in applications such as <a href="/wiki/Search_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Search engines">search engines</a>, which was created by a team that included <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Fellbaum" title="Christiane Fellbaum">Christiane Fellbaum</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Princeton_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princeton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wordnet is a <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">large lexical database representing human semantic memory in English.</a> Its fundamental building block is a <a href="/wiki/Synset" title="Synset">synset</a>, which is a collection of synonyms representing a concept or idea. Words can be in multiple synsets. The entire class of synsets is grouped into <a href="/wiki/Nouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouns">nouns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbs">verbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjectives" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjectives">adjectives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adverbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Adverbs">adverbs</a> separately, with links existing only within these four major groups but not between them. Going beyond a <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">thesaurus</a>, WordNet also includes inter-word relationships such as part/whole relationships and hierarchies of inclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-Shiffman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shiffman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Although not intended to be a dictionary, Wordnet did have many short definitions added to it as time went on. Miller and colleagues had planned the tool to test <a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psycholinguistic">psycholinguistic</a> theories on how humans use and understand words.<sup id="cite_ref-Sampson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sampson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller also later worked closely with entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Stibel" title="Jeff Stibel">Jeff Stibel</a> and scientists at <a href="/wiki/Simpli.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpli.com">Simpli.com</a> Inc., on a meaning-based keyword search engine based on WordNet.<sup id="cite_ref-BeyondKeyword_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeyondKeyword-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wordnet has proved to be extremely influential on an international scale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It has now been emulated by wordnets in many different languages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychology_of_language">Psychology of language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Psychology of language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller is one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">psycholinguistics</a>, which links language and cognition in the analysis of language creation and usage. <sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His 1951 book <i>Language and Communication</i> is considered seminal in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His later book, <i>The Science of Words</i> (1991) also focused on the psychology of language.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> he published papers on the mathematical and computational aspects of language and its <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>, two new areas of study.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller also studied the human understanding of words and sentences, a problem also faced by artificial <a href="/wiki/Speech-recognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech-recognition">speech-recognition</a> technology. The book <i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i> (1960), written with Eugene Galanter and Karl H. Pribram, explored how humans plan and act, trying to extrapolate this to how a robot could be programmed to plan and act.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller is also known for coining <a href="/wiki/Miller%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Miller's Law">Miller's Law</a>: "In order to understand what another person is saying, you must assume it is true and try to imagine what it could be true of".<sup id="cite_ref-Banis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Banis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller authored several books, many considered the first major works in their respective fields. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_and_Communication,_1951"><span id="Language_and_Communication.2C_1951"></span><i>Language and Communication</i>, 1951</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Language and Communication, 1951"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller's <i>Language and Communication</i> was one of the first significant texts in the study of language behavior. The book was a scientific study of language, emphasizing quantitative data, and was based on the mathematical model of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">information theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Osgood_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osgood-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used a probabilistic model imposed on a learning-by-association scheme borrowed from behaviorism, with Miller not yet attached to a pure cognitive perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first part of the book reviewed information theory, the physiology and acoustics of phonetics, speech recognition and comprehension, and <a href="/wiki/Statistical_technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical technique">statistical techniques</a> to analyze language.<sup id="cite_ref-Osgood_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osgood-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus was more on speech generation than recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second part had the psychology: idiosyncratic differences across people in language use; developmental linguistics; the structure of word associations in people; use of <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolism</a> in language; and social aspects of language use.<sup id="cite_ref-Osgood_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osgood-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviewing the book, <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Osgood" title="Charles E. Osgood">Charles E. Osgood</a> classified the book as a graduate-level text based more on objective facts than on theoretical constructs. He thought the book was verbose on some topics and too brief on others not directly related to the author's expertise area. He was also critical of Miller's use of simple, <a href="/wiki/B.F._Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="B.F. Skinner">Skinnerian</a> single-stage <a href="/wiki/Stimulus-response_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulus-response theory">stimulus-response learning</a> to explain human <a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">language acquisition</a> and use. This approach, per Osgood, made it impossible to analyze the concept of meaning, and the idea of language consisting of representational signs. He did find the book objective in its emphasis on facts over theory, and depicting clearly application of information theory to psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-Osgood_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osgood-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_and_the_Structure_of_Behavior,_1960"><span id="Plans_and_the_Structure_of_Behavior.2C_1960"></span><i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i>, 1960</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Plans and the Structure of Behavior, 1960"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i>, Miller and his co-authors tried to explain through an <a href="/wiki/Artificial-intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial-intelligence">artificial-intelligence</a> computational perspective how animals plan and act.<sup id="cite_ref-Milner_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milner-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a radical break from behaviorism which explained behavior as a set or sequence of stimulus-response actions. The authors introduced a planning element controlling such actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They saw all plans as being executed based on input using a stored or inherited information of the environment (called the image), and using a strategy called test-operate-test-exit (TOTE). The image was essentially a stored memory of all past context, akin to <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Tolman" title="Edward C. Tolman">Tolman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_map" title="Cognitive map">cognitive map</a>. The TOTE strategy, in its initial test phase, compared the input against the image; if there was incongruity the operate function attempted to reduce it. This cycle would be repeated till the incongruity vanished, and then the exit function would be invoked, passing control to another TOTE unit in a hierarchically arranged scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-Milner_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milner-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Peter_Milner" title="Peter Milner">Peter Milner</a>, in a review in the <i>Canadian Journal of Psychology</i>, noted the book was short on concrete details on implementing the TOTE strategy. He also critically viewed the book as not being able to tie its model to details from <a href="/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology">neurophysiology</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Molecular" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular">molecular</a> level. Per him, the book covered only the brain at the gross level of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesion_studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesion studies (page does not exist)">lesion studies</a>, showing that some of its regions could possibly implement some TOTE strategies, without giving a reader an indication as to <i>how</i> the region could implement the strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-Milner_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milner-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Psychology_of_Communication,_1967"><span id="The_Psychology_of_Communication.2C_1967"></span><i>The Psychology of Communication</i>, 1967</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Psychology of Communication, 1967"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Miller's 1967 work, <i>The Psychology of Communication</i>, was a collection of seven previously published articles. The first "Information and Memory" dealt with chunking, presenting the idea of separating physical length (the number of items presented to be learned) and psychological length (the number of ideas the recipient manages to categorize and summarize the items with). Capacity of short-term memory was measured in units of psychological length, arguing against a pure behaviorist interpretation since meaning of items, beyond <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement" title="Reinforcement">reinforcement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">punishment</a>, was central to psychological length.<sup id="cite_ref-Phil_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phil-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second essay was the paper on magical number seven. The third, 'The human link in communication systems,' used information theory and its idea of <a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">channel capacity</a> to analyze human perception <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a>. The essay concluded how much of what impinges on us we can absorb as knowledge was limited, for each property of the stimulus, to a handful of items.<sup id="cite_ref-Phil_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phil-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper on "Psycholinguists" described how effort in both speaking or understanding a sentence was related to how much of self-reference to similar-structures-present-inside was there when the sentence was broken down into clauses and phrases.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book, in general, used the Chomskian view of seeing language rules of grammar as having a biological basis—disproving the simple behaviorist idea that language performance improved with reinforcement—and using the tools of information and computation to place hypotheses on a sound theoretical framework and to analyze data practically and efficiently. Miller specifically addressed experimental data refuting the behaviorist framework at concept level in the field of language and cognition. He noted this only qualified behaviorism at the level of cognition, and did not overthrow it in other spheres of psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-Phil_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phil-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cognitive Neuroscience Society established a George A. Miller Prize in 1995 for contributions to the field.<sup id="cite_ref-CogNeuro_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CogNeuro-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Psychological Association established a George A. Miller Award in 1995 for an outstanding article on general psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-MillerAward_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MillerAward-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1987 the department of psychology at Princeton University has presented the George A. Miller prize annually to the best interdisciplinary senior thesis in cognitive science.<sup id="cite_ref-ThesisPrize_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThesisPrize-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper on the magical number seven continues to be cited by both the popular press to explain the liking for seven-digit phone numbers and to argue against nine-digit zip codes, and by academia, especially modern psychology, to highlight its break with the behaviorist paradigm.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miller was considered the 20th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century in a list<sup id="cite_ref-Haggbloom_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haggbloom-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> republished by, among others, the American Psychological Association.<sup id="cite_ref-Sidebar_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sidebar-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Distinguished Scientific Contribution award from the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distinguished Service award from the <a href="/wiki/American_Speech_and_Hearing_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Speech and Hearing Association">American Speech and Hearing Association</a>, 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Award in Behavioral Sciences from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Sciences" title="New York Academy of Sciences">New York Academy of Sciences</a>, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim fellow">Guggenheim fellow</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William James fellow of the American Psychological Society, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hermann von Helmholtz award from the Cognitive Neurosciences Institute, 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gold Medal from the American Psychological Foundation in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>National Medal of Science from <a href="/wiki/The_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="The White House">The White House</a>, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Louis E. Levy medal from the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a>, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Prize_(Fyssen_Foundation)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Prize (Fyssen Foundation)">International Prize from the Fyssen Foundation</a>, 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William James Book award from the <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_American_Psychological_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the American Psychological Association">APA Division of General Psychology</a>, 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>John P. McGovern award from the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APA_Award_for_Lifetime_Contributions_to_Psychology" title="APA Award for Lifetime Contributions to Psychology">Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology award</a> from the APA in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Antonio Zampolli Prize from the European Languages Research Association, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-LREC_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LREC-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._MillerEugene_GalanterKarl_H._Pribram1960" class="citation book cs1">George A. Miller; Eugene Galanter; Karl H. Pribram (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plansstructureo00mill"><i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i></a></span>. Henry Holt & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-010075-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-010075-8"><bdi>978-0-03-010075-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plans+and+the+Structure+of+Behavior&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-03-010075-8&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft.au=Eugene+Galanter&rft.au=Karl+H.+Pribram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplansstructureo00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1963" class="citation book cs1">— (1963). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languagecommunic00millrich"><i>Language and Communication</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw Hill">McGraw Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000SRSOIK">B000SRSOIK</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Communication&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000SRSOIK%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguagecommunic00millrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1965" class="citation book cs1">— (1965). <i>Mathematics and Psychology (Perspectives in Psychology)</i>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-60408-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-60408-2"><bdi>978-0-471-60408-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+and+Psychology+%28Perspectives+in+Psychology%29&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=978-0-471-60408-2&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_SmithGeorge_A._Miller1966" class="citation book cs1">Frank Smith; George A. Miller, eds. (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genesisoflanguag00smit"><i>The genesis of language; a psycholinguistic approach; proceedings of a conference on language development in children</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/The_MIT_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The MIT Press">The MIT Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+genesis+of+language%3B+a+psycholinguistic+approach%3B+proceedings+of+a+conference+on+language+development+in+children&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenesisoflanguag00smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_SmithGeorge_A_Miller1968" class="citation book cs1">Frank Smith; George A Miller (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheGenesis_00_Smit"><i>The Genesis of Language: A Psycholinguistic Approach</i></a>. The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69022-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-69022-5"><bdi>978-0-262-69022-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+of+Language%3A+A+Psycholinguistic+Approach&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-262-69022-5&rft.au=Frank+Smith&rft.au=George+A+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheGenesis_00_Smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1973" class="citation book cs1">George A. Miller, ed. (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/communicationlan00geor"><i>Communication, Language and Meaning (Perspectives in Psychology)</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-12833-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-12833-4"><bdi>978-0-465-12833-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communication%2C+Language+and+Meaning+%28Perspectives+in+Psychology%29&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-465-12833-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommunicationlan00geor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1974" class="citation book cs1">— (1974). <i>Linguistic Communication: Perspectives for Research</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Reading_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Reading Association">International Reading Association</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87207-929-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87207-929-8"><bdi>978-0-87207-929-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistic+Communication%3A+Perspectives+for+Research&rft.pub=International+Reading+Association&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-87207-929-8&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1975" class="citation book cs1">— (1975). <i>The Psychology of Communication</i>. Harper Androw-1975. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09707-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09707-4"><bdi>978-0-465-09707-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychology+of+Communication&rft.pub=Harper+Androw-1975&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-465-09707-4&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._MillerPhilip_N_Johnson-Laird1976" class="citation book cs1">George A. Miller; Philip N Johnson-Laird (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languagepercepti00mill"><i>Language and Perception</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-50947-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-50947-4"><bdi>978-0-674-50947-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Perception&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-674-50947-4&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft.au=Philip+N+Johnson-Laird&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguagepercepti00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris_HalleJoan_BresnanGeorge_A._Miller1978" class="citation book cs1">Morris Halle; Joan Bresnan; George A. Miller, eds. (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/linguistictheory0000unse_w7c6"><i>Linguistic theory and psychological reality</i></a></span>. The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-08095-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-08095-8"><bdi>978-0-262-08095-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistic+theory+and+psychological+reality&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-262-08095-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flinguistictheory0000unse_w7c6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._MillerElizabeth_Lenneberg1978" class="citation book cs1">George A. Miller; Elizabeth Lenneberg, eds. (1978). <i>Psychology and biology of language and thought: essays in honor of Eric Lenneberg</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-497750-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-497750-1"><bdi>978-0-12-497750-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology+and+biology+of+language+and+thought%3A+essays+in+honor+of+Eric+Lenneberg&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-12-497750-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOscar_GruskyGeorge_A._Miller1981" class="citation book cs1">Oscar Grusky; George A. Miller, eds. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sociologyoforgan00grus"><i>Sociology of Organizations</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">Free Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-912930-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-912930-2"><bdi>978-0-02-912930-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sociology+of+Organizations&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-02-912930-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsociologyoforgan00grus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNed_Joel_BlockJerrold_J._KatzGeorge_A._Miller1981" class="citation book cs1">Ned Joel Block; Jerrold J. Katz; George A. Miller, eds. (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingsinphilos00nedb"><i>Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, Volume II</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-74878-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-74878-1"><bdi>978-0-674-74878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+in+Philosophy+of+Psychology%2C+Volume+II&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-674-74878-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingsinphilos00nedb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._MillerEugene_GalanterKarl_H._Pribram1986" class="citation book cs1">George A. Miller; Eugene Galanter; Karl H. Pribram (1986). <i>Plans and the Structure of Behavior</i>. Adams Bannister Cox Pubs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937431-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937431-00-9"><bdi>978-0-937431-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plans+and+the+Structure+of+Behavior&rft.pub=Adams+Bannister+Cox+Pubs&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-937431-00-9&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft.au=Eugene+Galanter&rft.au=Karl+H.+Pribram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1987" class="citation book cs1">— (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spontaneousappre00mill"><i>Spontaneous Apprentices: Children and Language (Tree of Life)</i></a>. Seabury Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8164-9330-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8164-9330-2"><bdi>978-0-8164-9330-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spontaneous+Apprentices%3A+Children+and+Language+%28Tree+of+Life%29&rft.pub=Seabury+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8164-9330-2&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspontaneousappre00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1987" class="citation book cs1">— (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languagespeech00mill"><i>Language and Speech</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/W.H._Freeman_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="W.H. Freeman and Company">W H Freeman & Co</a> (sd). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-1297-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-1297-8"><bdi>978-0-7167-1297-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Speech&rft.pub=W+H+Freeman+%26+Co+%28sd%29&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-1297-8&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguagespeech00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1991" class="citation book cs1">— (1991). <i>Psychology: The Science of Mental Life</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Books Ltd">Penguin Books Ltd</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013489-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013489-6"><bdi>978-0-14-013489-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology%3A+The+Science+of+Mental+Life&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Ltd&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013489-6&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Miller1991" class="citation book cs1">— (1991). <i>The Science of Words</i>. W H Freeman & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-5027-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-5027-7"><bdi>978-0-7167-5027-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Words&rft.pub=W+H+Freeman+%26+Co&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-5027-7&rft.au=George+A.+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters_in_books">Chapters in books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chapters in books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Miller, George A.; <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Galanter" title="Eugene Galanter">Galanter, Eugene</a> (1960), "Some comments on Stochastic models and psychological theories", in <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Arrow, Kenneth J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Karlin, Samuel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Suppes, Patrick</a> (eds.), <i>Mathematical models in the social sciences, 1959: Proceedings of the first Stanford symposium</i>, Stanford mathematical studies in the social sciences, IV, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">277–</span>297, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0021-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0021-4"><bdi>978-0-8047-0021-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+comments+on+Stochastic+models+and+psychological+theories&rft.btitle=Mathematical+models+in+the+social+sciences%2C+1959%3A+Proceedings+of+the+first+Stanford+symposium&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.series=Stanford+mathematical+studies+in+the+social+sciences%2C+IV&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E277-%3C%2Fspan%3E297&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0021-4&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft.au=Galanter%2C+Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Vitello2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Vitello" title="Paul Vitello">Paul Vitello</a> (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/02/us/george-a-miller-cognitive-psychology-pioneer-dies-at-92.html">"George A. Miller, a pioneer in cognitive psychology, is dead at 92"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+A.+Miller%2C+a+pioneer+in+cognitive+psychology%2C+is+dead+at+92&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.au=Paul+Vitello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F02%2Fus%2Fgeorge-a-miller-cognitive-psychology-pioneer-dies-at-92.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaggbloomPowellWarnickJones2002" class="citation journal cs1">Haggbloom, Steven J.; Powell, John L. III; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/eminent.aspx">"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"</a>. <i>Review of General Psychology</i>. <b>6</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">139–</span>152. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.586.1913">10.1.1.586.1913</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139">10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145668721">145668721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+100+most+eminent+psychologists+of+the+20th+century&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E152&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.586.1913%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145668721%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139&rft.aulast=Haggbloom&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=Powell%2C+John+L.+III&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Jason+E.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Vinessa+K.&rft.au=Yarbrough%2C+Gary+L.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Tenea+M.&rft.au=Borecky%2C+Chris+M.&rft.au=McGahhey%2C+Reagan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjulaug02%2Feminent.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marquis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.marquiswhoswho.com/profile/100002520559">"Profile details: George Armitage Miller"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marquis_Who%27s_Who" title="Marquis Who's Who">Marquis Who's Who</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+details%3A+George+Armitage+Miller&rft.pub=Marquis+Who%27s+Who&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.marquiswhoswho.com%2Fprofile%2F100002520559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PsycNet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PsycNet_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNo_Authorship_Indicated1991" class="citation journal cs1">No Authorship Indicated (1991). "Gold medal awards for life achievement: George Armitage Miller". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Psychologist" title="American Psychologist">American Psychologist</a></i>. <b>46</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">326–</span>328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0003-066X.46.4.326">10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Gold+medal+awards+for+life+achievement%3A+George+Armitage+Miller&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E326-%3C%2Fspan%3E328&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066X.46.4.326&rft.au=No+Authorship+Indicated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_M._Haugh_II2012" class="citation news cs1">Thomas M. Haugh II (August 6, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-george-miller-20120806,0,6416902.story">"George A. Miller dies at 92; pioneer of cognitive psychology"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=George+A.+Miller+dies+at+92%3B+pioneer+of+cognitive+psychology&rft.date=2012-08-06&rft.au=Thomas+M.+Haugh+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-george-miller-20120806%2C0%2C6416902.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashingtonPost-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WashingtonPost_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WashingtonPost_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Langer2012" class="citation news cs1">Emily Langer (August 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130119060121/http://articles.boston.com/2012-08-03/news/33000658_1_psychology-miller-cognitive-science/2">"George A. Miller; helped transform the study of psychology; at 92"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.boston.com/2012-08-03/news/33000658_1_psychology-miller-cognitive-science/2">the original</a> on January 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=George+A.+Miller%3B+helped+transform+the+study+of+psychology%3B+at+92&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft.au=Emily+Langer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.boston.com%2F2012-08-03%2Fnews%2F33000658_1_psychology-miller-cognitive-science%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPais_A.2006" class="citation book cs1">Pais A. (2006). <i>J. Robert Oppenheimer: A life</i>. 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Miller: The Psychology of Communication". <i>The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science</i>. <b>18</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">350–</span>352. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbjps%2F18.4.350">10.1093/bjps/18.4.350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.atitle=Reviews%3A+George+A.+Miller%3A+The+Psychology+of+Communication&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E350-%3C%2Fspan%3E352&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjps%2F18.4.350&rft.aulast=Bunge&rft.aufirst=Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Georage A. Miller: The Psychology of Communication: Seven Essays: Review". <i>Journal of Business Communication</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">54–</span>55. 1968. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002194366800500208">10.1177/002194366800500208</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220880417">220880417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Business+Communication&rft.atitle=Georage+A.+Miller%3A+The+Psychology+of+Communication%3A+Seven+Essays%3A+Review&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002194366800500208&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220880417%23id-name%3DS2CID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CogNeuro-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CogNeuro_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326110646/http://cogneurosociety.org/annual-meeting/awards/george-a.-miller-prize-in-cognitive-neuroscience">"George A. Miller Prize in cognitive neuroscience"</a>. Cognitive Neuroscience Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cogneurosociety.org/annual-meeting/awards/george-a.-miller-prize-in-cognitive-neuroscience">the original</a> on March 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Psychological Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+A.+Miller+Award+for+an+Outstanding+Recent+Article+on+General+Psychology&rft.pub=American+Psychological+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fabout%2Fawards%2Fdiv-1-miller.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThesisPrize-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ThesisPrize_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019031205/http://psych.princeton.edu/psychology/related/gmiller/index.php">"George A. Miller Sr. Thesis Prize"</a>. Department of Psychology, Princeton University. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psych.princeton.edu/psychology/related/gmiller/index.php">the original</a> on October 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+A.+Miller+Sr.+Thesis+Prize&rft.pub=Department+of+Psychology%2C+Princeton+University&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsych.princeton.edu%2Fpsychology%2Frelated%2Fgmiller%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haggbloom-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haggbloom_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaggbloomPowellWarnickJones2002" class="citation journal cs1">Haggbloom, S.J.; Powell, John L. III; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativity.ipras.ru/texts/top100.pdf">"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_General_Psychology" title="Review of General Psychology">Review of General Psychology</a></i>. <b>6</b> (2): 139.52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139">10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145668721">145668721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+General+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+100+most+eminent+psychologists+of+the+20th+century&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139.52&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F1089-2680.6.2.139&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145668721%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Haggbloom&rft.aufirst=S.J.&rft.au=Powell%2C+John+L.+III&rft.au=Warnick%2C+Jason+E.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Vinessa+K.&rft.au=Yarbrough%2C+Gary+L.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Tenea+M.&rft.au=Borecky%2C+Chris+M.&rft.au=McGahhey%2C+Reagan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcreativity.ipras.ru%2Ftexts%2Ftop100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sidebar-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sidebar_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/eminent.aspx">"Sidebar: Eminent psychologists of the 20th century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Monitor_on_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitor on Psychology">Monitor on Psychology</a></i>. <b>33</b> (7): 29. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monitor+on+Psychology&rft.atitle=Sidebar%3A+Eminent+psychologists+of+the+20th+century&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2Fjulaug02%2Feminent.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LREC-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LREC_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrec-conf.org/lrec2006/article.php3?id_article=45">"LREC 2006 Conference: Winners of the 2006 Antonio Zampolli Prize"</a>. LREC. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LREC+2006+Conference%3A+Winners+of+the+2006+Antonio+Zampolli+Prize&rft.pub=LREC&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrec-conf.org%2Flrec2006%2Farticle.php3%3Fid_article%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Armitage+Miller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Armitage_Miller&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121211083156/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k69509&pageid=icb.page334500&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent698262&view=watch.do&viewParam_entry=35358&state=maximize%23a_icb_pagecontent698262#a_icb_pagecontent698262">2007 discussion on the cognitive revolution, with Chomsky, Bruner, Pinker and others: Part I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210123020/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k69509&pageid=icb.page334500&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent698262&view=watch.do&viewParam_entry=35369&state=maximize%23a_icb_pagecontent698262#a_icb_pagecontent698262">2007 discussion on the cognitive revolution, with Chomsky, Bruner, Pinker and others: Part II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210204104/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k69509&pageid=icb.page334500&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent698262&view=watch.do&viewParam_entry=35374&state=maximize%23a_icb_pagecontent698262#a_icb_pagecontent698262">2007 discussion on the cognitive revolution, with Chomsky, Bruner, Pinker and others: Part III</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121214195114/http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k69509&pageid=icb.page334500&pageContentId=icb.pagecontent698262&view=watch.do&viewParam_entry=35382&state=maximize%23a_icb_pagecontent698262#a_icb_pagecontent698262">2007 discussion on the cognitive revolution, with Chomsky, Bruner, Pinker and others: Part IV</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Miller/">Classics in the history of psychology: The seven plus/minus two paper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921224948/http://www.kurzweilai.net/george-a-miller">Bio on Kurtzweil.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~rit/geo/">Old faculty page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/57282051/communication-language-and-meaning-psychological">Communication, Language, and Meaning (edited by Miller)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222114015/https://www.questia.com/read/57282051/communication-language-and-meaning-psychological">Archived</a> February 22, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0000U6">A blog with links to discussions on the seven-plus-minus-two paper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neurotree.org/neurotree/tree.php?pid=597">Neurotree: Miller's academic genealogy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n50033671">George A. Miller</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 26 library catalog records</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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id="Presidents_of_the_American_Psychological_Association125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1892–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">G. Stanley Hall</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Trumbull_Ladd" title="George Trumbull Ladd">George Trumbull Ladd</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell" title="James McKeen Cattell">James McKeen Cattell</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stuart_Fullerton" title="George Stuart Fullerton">George Stuart Fullerton</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mark_Baldwin" title="James Mark Baldwin">James Mark Baldwin</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_M%C3%BCnsterberg" title="Hugo Münsterberg">Hugo Münsterberg</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jastrow" title="Joseph Jastrow">Joseph Jastrow</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Josiah Royce</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Sanford" title="Edmund Sanford">Edmund Sanford</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lowe_Bryan" title="William Lowe Bryan">William Lowe Bryan</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins" title="Mary Whiton Calkins">Mary Whiton Calkins</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rowland_Angell" title="James Rowland Angell">James Rowland Angell</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Rutgers_Marshall" title="Henry Rutgers Marshall">Henry Rutgers Marshall</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Stratton" title="George M. Stratton">George M. Stratton</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hubbard_Judd" title="Charles Hubbard Judd">Charles Hubbard Judd</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bowers_Pillsbury" title="Walter Bowers Pillsbury">Walter Bowers Pillsbury</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Seashore" title="Carl Seashore">Carl Seashore</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_C._Warren" title="Howard C. Warren">Howard C. Warren</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Woodworth" title="Robert S. Woodworth">Robert S. Woodworth</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Dodge" title="Raymond Dodge">Raymond Dodge</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Yerkes" title="Robert Yerkes">Robert Yerkes</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wallace_Baird" title="John Wallace Baird">John Wallace Baird</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dill_Scott" title="Walter Dill Scott">Walter Dill Scott</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Ivory_Franz" title="Shepherd Ivory Franz">Shepherd Ivory Franz</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Floy_Washburn" title="Margaret Floy Washburn">Margaret Floy Washburn</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Dunlap" title="Knight Dunlap">Knight Dunlap</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Terman" title="Lewis Terman">Lewis Terman</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Stanley_Hall" title="G. Stanley Hall">G. Stanley Hall</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Madison_Bentley" title="I. Madison Bentley">I. Madison Bentley</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_A._Carr" title="Harvey A. Carr">Harvey A. Carr</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Levi_Hollingworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Levi Hollingworth">Harry Levi Hollingworth</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Boring" title="Edwin Boring">Edwin Boring</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lashley" title="Karl Lashley">Karl Lashley</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Langfeld" title="Herbert Langfeld">Herbert Langfeld</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Samuel_Hunter" title="Walter Samuel Hunter">Walter Samuel Hunter</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Richard_Miles" title="Walter Richard Miles">Walter Richard Miles</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leon_Thurstone" title="Louis Leon Thurstone">Louis Leon Thurstone</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Peterson_(psychologist)" title="Joseph Peterson (psychologist)">Joseph Peterson</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Poffenberger" title="Albert Poffenberger">Albert Poffenberger</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_L._Hull" title="Clark L. Hull">Clark L. Hull</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Tolman" title="Edward C. Tolman">Edward C. Tolman</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dashiell" title="John Dashiell">John Dashiell</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Carmichael" title="Leonard Carmichael">Leonard Carmichael</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Woodrow" title="Herbert Woodrow">Herbert Woodrow</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Perry_Stone" title="Calvin Perry Stone">Calvin Perry Stone</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Edward Anderson (psychologist)">John Edward Anderson</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Murphy" title="Gardner Murphy">Gardner Murphy</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ray_Guthrie" title="Edwin Ray Guthrie">Edwin Ray Guthrie</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Garrett_(psychologist)" title="Henry Garrett (psychologist)">Henry Garrett</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Marquis_(psychologist)" title="Donald Marquis (psychologist)">Donald Marquis</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hilgard" title="Ernest Hilgard">Ernest Hilgard</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Guilford" title="J. P. Guilford">J. P. Guilford</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richardson_Sears" title="Robert Richardson Sears">Robert Richardson Sears</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._McVicker_Hunt" title="J. McVicker Hunt">J. McVicker Hunt</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurance_F._Shaffer" title="Laurance F. Shaffer">Laurance F. Shaffer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orval_Hobart_Mowrer" title="Orval Hobart Mowrer">Orval Hobart Mowrer</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Lowell_Kelly" title="E. Lowell Kelly">E. Lowell Kelly</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Newcomb" title="Theodore Newcomb">Theodore Newcomb</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Cronbach" title="Lee Cronbach">Lee Cronbach</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler" title="Wolfgang Köhler">Wolfgang Köhler</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal E. Miller</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Meehl" title="Paul E. Meehl">Paul E. Meehl</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Osgood" title="Charles E. Osgood">Charles E. Osgood</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinn_McNemar" title="Quinn McNemar">Quinn McNemar</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hobbs" title="Nicholas Hobbs">Nicholas Hobbs</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Lindzey" title="Gardner Lindzey">Gardner Lindzey</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a> (1968)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Armitage Miller</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Albee" title="George Albee">George Albee</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Clark" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth B. Clark">Kenneth B. Clark</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_E._Tyler" title="Leona E. Tyler">Leona E. Tyler</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell" title="Donald T. Campbell">Donald T. Campbell</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_J._McKeachie" title="Wilbert J. McKeachie">Wilbert J. McKeachie</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._Blau" title="Theodore H. Blau">Theodore H. Blau</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Brewster_Smith" title="M. Brewster Smith">M. Brewster Smith</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Cummings" title="Nicholas Cummings">Nicholas Cummings</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Denmark" title="Florence Denmark">Florence Denmark</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Conger" title="John J. Conger">John J. Conger</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bevan_(psychologist)" title="William Bevan (psychologist)">William Bevan</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Siegel_(psychologist)" title="Max Siegel (psychologist)">Max Siegel</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Taylor_Spence" title="Janet Taylor Spence">Janet Taylor Spence</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Perloff" title="Robert Perloff">Robert Perloff</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Wright" title="Logan Wright">Logan Wright</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Strickland" title="Bonnie Strickland">Bonnie Strickland</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Fowler" title="Raymond D. Fowler">Raymond D. Fowler</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Matarazzo" title="Joseph Matarazzo">Joseph Matarazzo</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Graham_(psychologist)" title="Stanley Graham (psychologist)">Stanley Graham</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spielberger" title="Charles Spielberger">Charles Spielberger</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Wiggins_Jr." title="Jack Wiggins Jr.">Jack Wiggins Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Farley" title="Frank H. Farley">Frank H. Farley</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Fox" title="Ronald E. Fox">Ronald E. Fox</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Resnick" title="Robert J. Resnick">Robert J. Resnick</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cantor" title="Dorothy Cantor">Dorothy Cantor</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Abeles" title="Norman Abeles">Norman Abeles</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Suinn" title="Richard Suinn">Richard Suinn</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_H._DeLeon" title="Patrick H. DeLeon">Patrick H. DeLeon</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norine_G._Johnson" title="Norine G. Johnson">Norine G. Johnson</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo" title="Philip Zimbardo">Philip Zimbardo</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sternberg" title="Robert Sternberg">Robert Sternberg</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_F._Halpern" title="Diane F. Halpern">Diane F. Halpern</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_F._Levant" title="Ronald F. Levant">Ronald F. Levant</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Koocher" title="Gerald Koocher">Gerald Koocher</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Brehm" title="Sharon Brehm">Sharon Brehm</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_E._Kazdin" title="Alan E. Kazdin">Alan E. Kazdin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Bray" title="James H. Bray">James H. Bray</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_D._Goodheart" title="Carol D. Goodheart">Carol D. Goodheart</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melba_J._T._Vasquez" title="Melba J. T. Vasquez">Melba J. T. Vasquez</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Bennett_Johnson" title="Suzanne Bennett Johnson">Suzanne Bennett Johnson</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_N._Bersoff" title="Donald N. Bersoff">Donald N. Bersoff</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadine_Kaslow" title="Nadine Kaslow">Nadine Kaslow</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_S._Anton" title="Barry S. Anton">Barry S. Anton</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_H._McDaniel" title="Susan H. McDaniel">Susan H. McDaniel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Puente" title="Antonio Puente">Antonio Puente</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Henderson_Daniel" title="Jessica Henderson Daniel">Jessica Henderson Daniel</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosie_Phillips_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosie Phillips Davis (page does not exist)">Rosie Phillips Davis</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Shullman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Shullman (page does not exist)">Sandra Shullman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_F._Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer F. Kelly (page does not exist)">Jennifer F. Kelly</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Worrell" title="Frank C. Worrell">Frank C. Worrell</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thema_Bryant" title="Thema Bryant">Thema Bryant</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychology793" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BFD7FF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychology" title="Template:Psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychology" title="Template talk:Psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychology793" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_psychology" title="History of psychology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" title="Philosophy of psychology">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">Psychologist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Basic_science_(psychology)" title="Basic science (psychology)">Basic <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_psychology" title="Abnormal psychology">Abnormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_science" title="Affective science">Affective science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_cognitive_neuroscience" title="Social cognitive neuroscience">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_psychology" title="Cultural psychology">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_psychology" title="Differential psychology">Differential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_psychology" title="Ecological psychology">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_psychology" title="Mathematical psychology">Mathematical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_psychology" title="Moral psychology">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_psychology" title="Personality psychology">Personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysiology" title="Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychology" title="Quantitative psychology">Quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_psychology" title="Theoretical psychology">Theoretical</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi-stylized.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stylized letter psi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/50px-Psi-stylized.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/75px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Psi-stylized.svg/100px-Psi-stylized.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="123" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Applied_psychology" title="Applied psychology">Applied <br />psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistic_psychology" title="Anomalistic psychology">Anomalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_testing" title="Psychological testing">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching_psychology" title="Coaching psychology">Coaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_psychology" title="Community psychology">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counseling_psychology" title="Counseling psychology">Counseling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_psychology" title="Critical psychology">Critical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_psychology" title="Health psychology">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">Industrial and organizational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_psychology" title="Legal psychology">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_psychology" title="Media psychology">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_psychology" title="Medical psychology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_psychology" title="Military psychology">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Music psychology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology" title="Occupational health psychology">Occupational health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastoral psychology">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_psychology" title="Political psychology">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">Positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_psychology" title="School psychology">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Sport and exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicidology" title="Suicidology">Suicidology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_psychology" title="Traffic psychology">Traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Methodologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_research" title="Archival research">Archival research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavior epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_study" title="Case study">Case study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_analysis" title="Content analysis">Content analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_subject_research" title="Human subject research">Human subject research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview_(research)" title="Interview (research)">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysics" title="Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualitative_psychological_research" title="Qualitative psychological research">Qualitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_psychological_research" title="Quantitative psychological research">Quantitative research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-report_inventory" title="Self-report inventory">Self-report inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_methodology" title="Survey methodology">Statistical surveys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Behavioral engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioral genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">Behavioral neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competence_(polyseme)" title="Competence (polyseme)">Competence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_behaviour" title="Consumer behaviour">Consumer behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeling" title="Feeling">Feelings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_management_theory" title="Terror management theory">Terror management theory</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Thorndike" title="Edward Thorndike">Edward Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Watson" title="John B. Watson">John B. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_L._Hull" title="Clark L. Hull">Clark L. Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lewin" title="Kurt Lewin">Kurt Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Allport" title="Gordon Allport">Gordon Allport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._P._Guilford" title="J. P. Guilford">J. P. Guilford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Erikson" title="Erik Erikson">Erik Erikson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Hebb" title="Donald O. Hebb">Donald O. Hebb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hilgard" title="Ernest Hilgard">Ernest Hilgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cattell" title="Raymond Cattell">Raymond Cattell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal E. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Bruner" title="Jerome Bruner">Jerome Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell" title="Donald T. Campbell">Donald T. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Eysenck" title="Hans Eysenck">Hans Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McClelland" title="David McClelland">David McClelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Festinger" title="Leon Festinger">Leon Festinger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lazarus" title="Richard Lazarus">Richard Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Schachter" title="Stanley Schachter">Stanley Schachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zajonc" title="Robert Zajonc">Robert Zajonc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brown_(psychologist)" title="Roger Brown (psychologist)">Roger Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg" title="Lawrence Kohlberg">Lawrence Kohlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulric_Neisser" title="Ulric Neisser">Ulric Neisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kagan" title="Jerome Kagan">Jerome Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mischel" title="Walter Mischel">Walter Mischel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Aronson" title="Elliot Aronson">Elliot Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ekman" title="Paul Ekman">Paul Ekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Tversky" title="Amos Tversky">Amos Tversky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_McEwen" title="Bruce McEwen">Bruce McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett" title="Richard E. Nisbett">Richard E. Nisbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Diener" title="Ed Diener">Ed Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist)">John Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_C._Kessler" title="Ronald C. Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._LeDoux" title="Joseph E. LeDoux">Joseph E. LeDoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Davidson" title="Richard Davidson">Richard Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Fiske" title="Susan Fiske">Susan Fiske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Baumeister" title="Roy Baumeister">Roy Baumeister</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFE1FF;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychology_lists" title="Category:Psychology lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_counseling" title="Outline of counseling">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_branches_of_psychology" title="List of branches of psychology">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychology_organizations" title="List of psychology organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_psychology" title="Outline of psychology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychologists" title="List of psychologists">Psychologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">Psychotherapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_research_methods" title="List of psychological research methods">Research methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychological_schools" title="List of psychological schools">Schools of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_psychology" title="Timeline of psychology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_psychology_articles" title="Index of psychology articles">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#DFEBFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:psychology">Wiktionary definition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:en:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:en:Psychology">Wiktionary category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Psychology">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Psychology" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Psychology">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Psychology">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Psychology">Wikinews</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Psychology" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Psychology">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Template talk:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_National_Medal_of_Science_laureates225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">United States National Medal of Science</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Behavioral_and_social_science225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Behavioral and social science</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neal_E._Miller" title="Neal E. Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George J. Stigler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George A. Miller</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger N. Shepard</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Kaye_Estes" title="William Kaye Estes">William K. Estes</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert M. Solow</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gordon_H._Bower" title="Gordon H. Bower">Gordon H. Bower</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner_(psychologist)" title="Michael Posner (psychologist)">Michael I. Posner</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(political_scientist)" title="Robert Axelrod (political scientist)">Robert Axelrod</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huda_Akil" title="Huda Akil">Huda Akil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shelley_E._Taylor" title="Shelley E. Taylor">Shelley E. Taylor</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bartels" title="Larry Bartels">Larry Bartels</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Biological_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Biological sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._B._van_Niel" title="C. B. van Niel">C. B. van Niel</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis P. Rous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George G. Simpson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald D. Van Slyke</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._Knipling" title="Edward F. Knipling">Edward F. Knipling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William C. Rose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stewart_Cole" title="Kenneth Stewart Cole">Kenneth S. Cole</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry F. Harlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred H. Sturtevant</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie_(biochemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Brodie (biochemist)">Bernard B. Brodie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev W. Bronk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Lush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Burrhus Frederic Skinner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huebner" title="Robert Huebner">Robert Huebner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert B. Sabin</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_I._Arnon" title="Daniel I. Arnon">Daniel I. Arnon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl W. Sutherland Jr.">Earl W. Sutherland Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_V._Neel" title="James V. Neel">James V. Neel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Augustine_Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="James Augustine Shannon">James Augustine Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hallowell_Davis" title="Hallowell Davis">Hallowell Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gyorgy" title="Paul Gyorgy">Paul Gyorgy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sterling_B._Hendricks" title="Sterling B. Hendricks">Sterling B. Hendricks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orville_Vogel" title="Orville Vogel">Orville Alvin Vogel</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_Reece_Stadtman" title="Earl Reece Stadtman">Earl Reece Stadtman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Ledyard_Stebbins" title="G. Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alfred_Weiss" title="Paul Alfred Weiss">Paul Alfred Weiss</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1981</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></dd> <dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Burton" title="Glenn W. Burton">Glenn W. Burton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Bachrach" title="Howard Bachrach">Howard L. Bachrach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendell_L._Roelofs" title="Wendell L. Roelofs">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald A. Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._DeBakey" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael E. DeBakey">Michael E. DeBakey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodor_O._Diener" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodor O. Diener">Theodor O. Diener</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael S. Brown">Michael S. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice R. Hilleman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger W. Sperry">Roger W. Sperry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harland_G._Wood" title="Harland G. Wood">Harland G. Wood</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_W._Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert W. Boyer">Herbert W. Boyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr." title="Daniel E. Koshland Jr.">Daniel E. Koshland Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_G._Nathan" title="David G. Nathan">David G. Nathan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="G. Evelyn Hutchinson">G. Evelyn Hutchinson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elvin_A._Kabat" title="Elvin A. Kabat">Elvin A. Kabat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert W. Kates</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marks_(scientist)" title="Paul Marks (scientist)">Paul A. Marks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folke_K._Skoog" title="Folke K. Skoog">Folke K. Skoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Zamecnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Zamecnik">Paul C. Zamecnik</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Weinberg">Robert A. Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nancy_C._Andreasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancy C. Andreasen">Nancy C. Andreasen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George F. Bass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Mario R. Capecchi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene E. Likens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" title="Charles Yanofsky">Charles Yanofsky</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman E. Borlaug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Phillip A. Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas E. Starzl</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten N. Wiesel</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita R. Colwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lubert_Stryer" title="Lubert Stryer">Lubert Stryer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert J. Lefkowitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bert_W._O%27Malley" title="Bert W. O'Malley">Bert W. O'Malley</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis S. Collins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">J. Craig Venter</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Lindquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan L. Lindquist">Susan L. Lindquist</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_K._Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakesh K. Jain">Rakesh K. Jain</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Levin" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Levin">Simon Levin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gebisa_Ejeta" title="Gebisa Ejeta">Gebisa Ejeta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eve_Marder" title="Eve Marder">Eve Marder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Petsko" title="Gregory Petsko">Gregory Petsko</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Weinbaum" title="Sheldon Weinbaum">Sheldon Weinbaum</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angela_Belcher" title="Angela Belcher">Angela Belcher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blau" title="Helen Blau">Helen Blau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emery_N._Brown" title="Emery N. Brown">Emery N. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._David_Tilman" title="G. David Tilman">G. David Tilman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Woodruff" title="Teresa Woodruff">Teresa Woodruff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chemistry225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Zare" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard N. Zare">Richard N. Zare</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Tseh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Tseh Lee">Yuan Tseh Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_S._Marvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl S. Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Westheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Westheimer">Frank H. Westheimer</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William S. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Stockmayer" title="Walter H. Stockmayer">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_O._Baker" title="William O. Baker">William O. Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Konrad_E._Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad E. Bloch">Konrad E. Bloch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_J._Corey" class="mw-redirect" title="Elias J. Corey">Elias J. Corey</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard B. Bernstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Roberts" title="John D. Roberts">John D. Roberts</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons_Jr." title="Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.">Howard E. Simmons Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_S._Hammond" title="George S. Hammond">George S. Hammond</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isabella_L._Karle" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella L. Karle">Isabella L. Karle</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson_(biologist)" title="Norman Davidson (biologist)">Norman Davidson</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darleane_C._Hoffman" title="Darleane C. Hoffman">Darleane C. Hoffman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Cahn" title="John W. Cahn">John W. Cahn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George M. Whitesides</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(chemist)" title="John Ross (chemist)">John Ross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_D._Baldeschwieler" title="John D. Baldeschwieler">John D. Baldeschwieler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_F._Hirschmann" title="Ralph F. Hirschmann">Ralph F. Hirschmann</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernest_R._Davidson" title="Ernest R. Davidson">Ernest R. Davidson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gábor A. Somorjai</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_I._Brauman" class="mw-redirect" title="John I. Brauman">John I. Brauman</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Lippard" title="Stephen J. Lippard">Stephen J. Lippard</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tobin_J._Marks" title="Tobin J. Marks">Tobin J. Marks</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_H._Caruthers" title="Marvin H. Caruthers">Marvin H. Caruthers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter B. Dervan</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa A. El-Sayed</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Benkovic" title="Stephen J. Benkovic">Stephen J. Benkovic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_K._Barton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacqueline K. Barton">Jacqueline K. Barton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Stang" title="Peter J. Stang">Peter J. Stang</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/M._Frederick_Hawthorne" title="M. Frederick Hawthorne">M. Frederick Hawthorne</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Klinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Judith P. Klinman">Judith P. Klinman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_L._Richmond" title="Geraldine L. Richmond">Geraldine L. Richmond</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A._Paul_Alivisatos" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Paul Alivisatos">A. Paul Alivisatos</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawrence_Edwards" title="Richard Lawrence Edwards">R. Lawrence Edwards</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Engineering_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Engineering sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1962</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></dd> <dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Draper" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Draper">Charles S. Draper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar H. Ammann</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hugh_L._Dryden" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh L. Dryden">Hugh L. Dryden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence L. Johnson">Clarence L. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_K._Lewis" title="Warren K. Lewis">Warren K. Lewis</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin H. Land</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igor_I._Sikorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor I. Sikorsky">Igor I. Sikorsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Presper_Eckert" title="J. Presper Eckert">J. Presper Eckert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mueller" class="mw-redirect" title="George E. Mueller">George E. Mueller</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Edgerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Edgerton">Harold E. Edgerton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Whitcomb" title="Richard T. Whitcomb">Richard T. Whitcomb</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" class="mw-redirect" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick E. Terman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen_(scientist)" title="Morris Cohen (scientist)">Morris Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Goldmark">Peter C. Goldmark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emmett_N._Leith" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmett N. Leith">Emmett N. Leith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_D._Mindlin" title="Raymond D. Mindlin">Raymond D. Mindlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Noyce" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert N. Noyce">Robert N. Noyce</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Earl_R._Parker" title="Earl R. Parker">Earl R. Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Heinemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Heinemann">Edward H. Heinemann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Katz" title="Donald L. Katz">Donald L. Katz</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_G._Trump" title="John G. Trump">John G. Trump</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Oliver" title="Bernard M. Oliver">Bernard M. Oliver</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Bolton_Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Bolton Seed">H. Bolton Seed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber_(engineer)" title="Ernst Weber (engineer)">Ernst Weber</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Drucker" title="Daniel C. Drucker">Daniel C. Drucker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_M._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis M. Hawkins">Willis M. Hawkins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Grier" title="Herbert E. Grier">Herbert E. Grier</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Holonyak Jr.">Nick Holonyak Jr.</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier" title="George H. Heilmeier">George H. Heilmeier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luna_B._Leopold" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna B. Leopold">Luna B. Leopold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Guyford_Stever" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Guyford Stever">H. Guyford Stever</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calvin_F._Quate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin F. Quate">Calvin F. Quate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Y._Cho" title="Alfred Y. Cho">Alfred Y. Cho</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_W._Clough" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray W. Clough">Ray W. Clough</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hermann_A._Haus" title="Hermann A. Haus">Hermann A. Haus</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_L._Flanagan" title="James L. Flanagan">James L. Flanagan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel" title="C. Kumar N. Patel">C. Kumar N. Patel</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng B. Fung</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John M. Prausnitz</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_N._Lightfoot" title="Edwin N. Lightfoot">Edwin N. Lightfoot</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jan_D._Achenbach" title="Jan D. Achenbach">Jan D. Achenbach</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">David J. Wineland</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_E._K%C3%A1lm%C3%A1n" title="Rudolf E. Kálmán">Rudolf E. Kálmán</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Dabiri" title="John Dabiri">John Dabiri</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mathematical,_statistical,_and_computer_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">H. Marston Morse</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen" title="Paul Cohen">Paul Cohen</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_W._Backus" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Backus">John W. Backus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurt_O._Friedrichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt O. Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Doob" title="Joseph L. Doob">Joseph L. Doob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald E. Knuth</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_H._Stone" title="Marshall H. Stone">Marshall H. Stone</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Gomory" title="Ralph E. Gomory">Ralph E. Gomory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph B. Keller">Joseph B. Keller</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Spencer" title="Donald C. Spencer">Donald C. Spencer</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_F._Carrier" title="George F. Carrier">George F. Carrier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cole_Kleene" title="Stephen Cole Kleene">Stephen Cole Kleene</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_David_Kruskal" title="Martin David Kruskal">Martin David Kruskal</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald R. Coifman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi R. Rao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elias_M._Stein" title="Elias M. Stein">Elias M. Stein</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James G. Glimm</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_R._de_Boor" title="Carl R. de Boor">Carl R. de Boor</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis P. Sullivan</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_B._Mumford" class="mw-redirect" title="David B. Mumford">David B. Mumford</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Tapia" title="Richard A. Tapia">Richard A. Tapia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_W._Golomb" title="Solomon W. Golomb">Solomon W. Golomb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Dwork" title="Cynthia Dwork">Cynthia Dwork</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Physical_sciences225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physical sciences</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1963</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis W. Alvarez</a></dd> <dt>1964</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></dd> <dt>1965</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Leon M. Lederman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Rubey" class="mw-redirect" title="William Rubey">William Rubey</a></dd> <dt>1966</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_H._Van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Van Vleck">John H. Van Vleck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></dd> <dt>1967</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch_(geophysicist)" title="Francis Birch (geophysicist)">Francis Birch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hammett" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Hammett">Louis Hammett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></dd> <dt>1968</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></dd> <dt>1969</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1970</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dicke" title="Robert H. Dicke">Robert H. Dicke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_R._Sandage" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan R. Sandage">Allan R. Sandage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_C._Slater" title="John C. Slater">John C. Slater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_A._Wheeler" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Wheeler">John A. Wheeler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></dd> <dt>1973</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ewing" title="Maurice Ewing">Maurice Ewing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></dd> <dt>1974</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linus_Carl_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Carl Pauling">Linus Carl Pauling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></dd> <dt>1975</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_A._Bethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans A. Bethe">Hans A. Bethe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O._Hirschfelder" title="Joseph O. Hirschfelder">Joseph O. Hirschfelder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Sarett" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Sarett">Lewis Sarett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></dd> <dt>1976</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></dd> <dt>1979</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Feynman" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard P. Feynman">Richard P. Feynman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Mark">Herman Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Purcell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward M. Purcell">Edward M. Purcell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Victor_F._Weisskopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor F. Weisskopf">Victor F. Weisskopf</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1982</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip W. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></dd> <dt>1983</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._Margaret_Burbidge" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Margaret Burbidge">E. Margaret Burbidge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruno_B._Rossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruno B. Rossi">Bruno B. Rossi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Schrieffer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Robert Schrieffer">J. Robert Schrieffer</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Solomon_J._Buchsbaum" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H._Richard_Crane" title="H. Richard Crane">H. Richard Crane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Paul C. Lauterbur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_A._Van_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. Van Allen">James A. Van Allen</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/D._Allan_Bromley" title="D. Allan Bromley">D. Allan Bromley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Ching-wu">Paul Ching-Wu Chu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Sharp" title="Robert P. Sharp">Robert Sharp</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Allan M. Cormack</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin M. McMillan">Edwin M. McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Schawlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur L. Schawlow">Arthur L. Schawlow</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Ed Stone</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eugene_M._Shoemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene M. Shoemaker">Eugene M. Shoemaker</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Fitch</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wallace_S._Broecker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace S. Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_L._Anderson" title="Don L. Anderson">Don L. Anderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall">John N. Bahcall</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis E. Lamb">Willis E. Lamb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_P._Ostriker" title="Jeremiah P. Ostriker">Jeremiah P. Ostriker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_F._White" title="Gilbert F. White">Gilbert F. White</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Cohen" title="Marvin L. Cohen">Marvin L. Cohen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/W._Jason_Morgan" title="W. Jason Morgan">W. Jason Morgan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/G._Brent_Dalrymple" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brent Dalrymple">G. Brent Dalrymple</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph A. Alpher">Ralph A. Alpher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles P. Slichter</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James E. Gunn</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esther_M._Conwell" title="Esther M. Conwell">Esther M. Conwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_M._Washington" title="Warren M. Washington">Warren M. Washington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean C. Solomon</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sarachik" title="Myriam Sarachik">Myriam Sarachik</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alley" title="Richard Alley">Richard Alley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Freedman" title="Wendy Freedman">Wendy Freedman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keivan_Stassun" title="Keivan Stassun">Keivan Stassun</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_memory430" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Memory" title="Template:Memory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Memory" title="Template talk:Memory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Memory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Memory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_memory430" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Human memory">Human memory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encoding_(memory)" title="Encoding (memory)">Encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_(memory)" title="Storage (memory)">Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_(memory)" title="Recall (memory)">Recall</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_consolidation" title="Memory consolidation">Consolidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomy_of_memory" title="Neuroanatomy of memory">Neuroanatomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sensory_memory" title="Sensory memory">Sensory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echoic_memory" title="Echoic memory">Echoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidetic_memory" title="Eidetic memory">Eidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyewitness_memory" title="Eyewitness memory">Eyewitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_memory" title="Haptic memory">Haptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconic_memory" title="Iconic memory">Iconic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_learning" title="Motor learning">Motor learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_memory" title="Visual memory">Visual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Short-term_memory" title="Short-term memory">Short-term</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two" title="The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two">The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_memory" title="Working memory">Working memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">Long-term</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_recall" class="mw-redirect" title="Active recall">Active recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_memory" title="Autobiographical memory">Autobiographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_memory" title="Explicit memory">Explicit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_memory" title="Explicit memory">Declarative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episodic_memory" title="Episodic memory">Episodic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_memory" title="Semantic memory">Semantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashbulb_memory" title="Flashbulb memory">Flashbulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthymesia" title="Hyperthymesia">Hyperthymesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implicit_memory" title="Implicit memory">Implicit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meaningful_learning" title="Meaningful learning">Meaningful learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal-event_memory" title="Personal-event memory">Personal-event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_memory" title="Procedural memory">Procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rote_learning" title="Rote learning">Rote learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_retention" title="Selective retention">Selective retention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_of_the_tongue" title="Tip of the tongue">Tip of the tongue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forgetting" title="Forgetting">Forgetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">Amnesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia" title="Anterograde amnesia">anterograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_amnesia" title="Childhood amnesia">childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthypnotic_amnesia" title="Posthypnotic amnesia">post-hypnotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_amnesia" title="Post-traumatic amnesia">post-traumatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissociative_amnesia" title="Dissociative amnesia">dissociative (psychogenic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_amnesia" title="Retrograde amnesia">retrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_amnesia" title="Selective amnesia">selective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_global_amnesia" title="Transient global amnesia">transient global</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay_theory" title="Decay theory">Decay theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgetting_curve" title="Forgetting curve">Forgetting curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_theory" title="Interference theory">Interference theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_erasure" title="Memory erasure">Memory erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_inhibition" title="Memory inhibition">Memory inhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motivated_forgetting" title="Motivated forgetting">Motivated forgetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repressed_memory" title="Repressed memory">Repressed memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-induced_forgetting" title="Retrieval-induced forgetting">Retrieval-induced forgetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_focus" title="Weapon focus">Weapon focus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memory_error" title="Memory error">Memory errors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confabulation" title="Confabulation">Confabulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptomnesia" title="Cryptomnesia">Cryptomnesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindsight_bias" title="Hindsight bias">Hindsight bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_inflation" title="Imagination inflation">Imagination inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memory_biases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of memory biases">Memory biases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misattribution_of_memory" title="Misattribution of memory">Misattribution of memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_effect" title="Misinformation effect">Misinformation effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-monitoring_error" title="Source-monitoring error">Source-monitoring error</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/False_memory" title="False memory">False memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deese%E2%80%93Roediger%E2%80%93McDermott_paradigm" title="Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm">Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_memory_syndrome" title="False memory syndrome">False memory syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_implantation" title="Memory implantation">Memory implantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_the_mall_technique" title="Lost in the mall technique">Lost in the mall technique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methods_used_to_study_memory" title="Methods used to study memory">Research methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exceptional_memory" title="Exceptional memory">Exceptional memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_tests_of_memory" title="Indirect tests of memory">Indirect tests of memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_disorder" title="Memory disorder">Memory disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">Collective memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_memory" title="Politics of memory">Politics of memory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">Cultural memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_social_interactions" title="Memory and social interactions">Memory and social interactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactive_memory" title="Transactive memory">Transactive memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_aging" title="Memory and aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_memory" title="Art of memory">Art of memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chunking_(psychology)" title="Chunking (psychology)">chunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise#Memory" title="Neurobiological effects of physical exercise">Effects of exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_and_memory" title="Emotion and memory">Emotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_improvement" title="Memory improvement">Memory improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrition_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrition and memory">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_and_memory" title="Sleep and memory">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_and_trauma" title="Memory and trauma">Trauma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memory_sport" title="Memory sport">Memory sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Memory_Championships" title="World Memory Championships">World Memory Championships</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas_Pollak" title="Shas Pollak">Shas Pollak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absent-mindedness" title="Absent-mindedness">Absent-mindedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atkinson%E2%80%93Shiffrin_memory_model" title="Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model">Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context-dependent_memory" title="Context-dependent memory">Context-dependent</a> and <a href="/wiki/State-dependent_memory" title="State-dependent memory">state-dependent</a> memory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_memory" title="Childhood memory">Childhood memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exosomatic_memory" title="Exosomatic memory">Exosomatic memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_recall" title="Free recall">Free recall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate-term_memory" title="Intermediate-term memory">Intermediate-term memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_memory" title="Involuntary memory">Involuntary memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_(psychology)" title="Flashback (psychology)">flashbacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levels_of_Processing_model" title="Levels of Processing model">Levels of Processing model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamemory" title="Metamemory">Metamemory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">Muscle memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priming_(psychology)" title="Priming (psychology)">Priming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intertrial_priming" title="Intertrial priming">intertrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospective_memory" title="Prospective memory">Prospective</a> and <a href="/wiki/Retrospective_memory" title="Retrospective memory">retrospective</a> memory</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Sins_of_Memory" title="The Seven Sins of Memory">The Seven Sins of Memory</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Atkinson" title="Richard C. Atkinson">Richard C. Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Bjork" title="Robert A. Bjork">Robert A. Bjork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Ceci" title="Stephen J. Ceci">Stephen J. Ceci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Clancy" title="Susan Clancy">Susan Clancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ebbinghaus" title="Hermann Ebbinghaus">Hermann Ebbinghaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Goldman-Rakic" title="Patricia Goldman-Rakic">Patricia Goldman-Rakic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Izquierdo" title="Ivan Izquierdo">Ivan Izquierdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_K._Johnson" title="Marcia K. Johnson">Marcia K. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Loftus" title="Elizabeth Loftus">Elizabeth Loftus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Loftus" title="Geoffrey Loftus">Geoffrey Loftus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGaugh" title="James McGaugh">James McGaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Maguire" title="Eleanor Maguire">Eleanor Maguire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Armitage Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Nadel" title="Lynn Nadel">Lynn Nadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Roediger_III" title="Henry L. Roediger III">Henry L. Roediger III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Schacter" title="Daniel Schacter">Daniel Schacter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shiffrin" title="Richard Shiffrin">Richard Shiffrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Shimamura" title="Arthur P. Shimamura">Arthur P. Shimamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Squire" title="Larry Squire">Larry Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endel_Tulving" title="Endel Tulving">Endel Tulving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stickgold" title="Robert Stickgold">Robert Stickgold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Patients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Molaison" title="Henry Molaison">HM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Cochrane" title="Kent Cochrane">KC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_N.A." title="Patient N.A.">NA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Wearing" title="Clive Wearing">Clive Wearing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hancock" title="Jonathan Hancock">Jonathan Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_R._McHugh" title="Paul R. McHugh">Paul R. McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_O%27Brien" title="Dominic O'Brien">Dominic O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Pridmore" title="Ben Pridmore">Ben Pridmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_Rossellius" title="Cosmos Rossellius">Cosmos Rossellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Slyusarchuk" title="Andriy Slyusarchuk">Andriy Slyusarchuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/28px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/42px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/56px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110234300">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29595505">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1799115/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCQprY6mcdr9mjDfWxDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119063247">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033671">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068765754">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Miller, George A. 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