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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Charles_Barber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charles_Barber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Charles Barber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charles_Barber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement_towards_redesign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_towards_redesign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Movement towards redesign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_towards_redesign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inception-sublist" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American coins</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(U.S._coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nickel (U.S. coin)">nickel</a> designed by Barber, see <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head nickel</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Barber dime</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">10 cents (0.10 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">2.500 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">17.91 mm (0.705 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>90% <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a></li> <li>10% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">0.07234 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1891 (<a href="/wiki/Pattern_coin" title="Pattern coin">patterns</a> only)<br />1892–1916 (regular issues)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">O</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">S</a>. Located on reverse beneath wreath. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> specimens lack mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png/220px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png/330px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png/440px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="713" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Head of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (goddess)">Liberty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png/220px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png/330px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png/440px-1914_Barber_Dime_NGC_MS64plus_Reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Denomination within wreath</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Barber quarter</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">25 cents (.25 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">6.25 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">24.3 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>90 % silver</li> <li>10 % copper</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">.18084 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1891 (patterns only)<br />1892–1916 (regular issues)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">O</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">S</a>. Located on reverse beneath eagle. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> specimens lack mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png/220px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png/330px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png/440px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="776" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Head of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (goddess)">Liberty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png/220px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png/330px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png/440px-1914_Barber_Quarter_NGC_AU58_Reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A <a href="/wiki/Spreadeagle_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreadeagle (heraldry)">heraldic eagle</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Barber coinage</b> consists of a <a href="/wiki/Dime_(U.S._coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dime (U.S. coin)">dime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(U.S._coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter (U.S. coin)">quarter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(U.S._coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Half dollar (U.S. coin)">half dollar</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Bureau of the Mint</a> Chief Engraver <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a>. They were minted between 1892 and 1916, though no half dollars were struck in the final year of the series. </p><p>By the late 1880s, there were increasing calls for the replacement of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty design</a>, used since the 1830s on most denominations of silver coins. In 1891, <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Mint Director</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Leech" title="Edward O. Leech">Edward O. Leech</a>, having been authorized by Congress to approve coin redesigns, ordered a competition, seeking a new look for the silver coins. As only the winner would receive a cash prize, invited artists refused to participate and no entry from the public proved suitable. Leech instructed Barber to prepare new designs for the dime, quarter, and half dollar, and after the chief engraver made changes to secure Leech's endorsement, they were approved by President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> in November 1891. Striking of the new coins began the following January. </p><p>Public and artistic opinion of the new pieces was, and remains, mixed. In 1915, Mint officials began plans to replace them once the design's minimum term expired in 1916. The Mint issued Barber dimes and quarters in 1916 to meet commercial demand, but before the end of the year, the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury dime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty quarter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty half dollar</a> had begun production. Most dates in the Barber coin series are not difficult to obtain, but the 1894 dime struck at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco Mint</a> (<a href="/wiki/1894-S_Barber_dime" title="1894-S Barber dime">1894-S</a>), with a mintage of 24, is a great rarity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charles_Barber">Charles Barber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Charles Barber"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles E. Barber was born in London in 1840. His grandfather, John Barber, led the family to America in the early 1850s. Both John and his son <a href="/wiki/William_Barber_(engraver)" title="William Barber (engraver)">William</a> were engravers and Charles followed in their footsteps. The Barber family initially lived in Boston upon their arrival to the United States, though they later moved to Providence to allow William to work for the <a href="/wiki/Gorham_Manufacturing_Company" title="Gorham Manufacturing Company">Gorham Manufacturing Company</a>. William Barber's skills came to the attention of Mint Chief Engraver <a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a>, who hired him as an assistant engraver in 1865; when Longacre died in 1869, William Barber became chief engraver and Charles was hired as an assistant engraver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoin_World_Almanac1977215_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoin_World_Almanac1977215-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200853_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200853-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William Barber died on August 31, 1879, of an illness contracted after swimming at <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a>. His son applied for the position of chief engraver, as did <a href="/wiki/George_T._Morgan" title="George T. Morgan">George T. Morgan</a>, another British-born engraver hired by the Mint. In early December 1879, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a>, Mint Director <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Burchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Burchard">Horatio Burchard</a>, and Philadelphia Mint Superintendent <a href="/wiki/A._Loudon_Snowden" title="A. Loudon Snowden">A. Loudon Snowden</a> met to determine the issue. They decided to recommend the appointment of Barber, who was subsequently nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> and in February 1880, was confirmed by the Senate. Barber would serve nine presidents in the position, remaining until his death in 1917, when Morgan would succeed him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200854,_57_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200854,_57-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coinage redesign was being considered during Barber's early years as chief engraver. Superintendent Snowden believed that the base-metal coins then being struck (the one-, three-, and five-cent pieces) should have uniform designs, as did many of the silver pieces, and also some gold coins. He had Barber create experimental <a href="/wiki/Pattern_coin" title="Pattern coin">pattern coins</a>. In spite of Snowden's desires, the only design modified was that of the five-cent coin, or <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel</a>; Barber's design, known as the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head nickel</a>, entered production in 1883. The new coin had its denomination designated by a Roman numeral "V" on the reverse; the three-cent coin had always had a "III" to designate its denomination. Enterprising fraudsters soon realized that the nickel and <a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">half eagle</a> (or five-dollar gold piece) were close in size, and plated the <a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">base metal</a> coins to pass to the unwary. Amid public ridicule of the Mint, production came to a halt until Barber hastily added the word "cents" to the reverse of his design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200857_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200857-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers2006140_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers2006140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontgomeryBorckardtKnight200529_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomeryBorckardtKnight200529-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement_towards_redesign">Movement towards redesign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Movement towards redesign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg/220px-1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg/330px-1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg/440px-1858_Seated_Liberty_half_dollar_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>An 1858 Seated Liberty half dollar</figcaption></figure> <p>For much of the second half of the 19th century, most U.S. silver coins bore <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">a design</a> of a seated <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (goddess)">Liberty</a>. This design had been created by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gobrecht" title="Christian Gobrecht">Christian Gobrecht</a>, an engraver at the United States Mint in Philadelphia, after a sketch by artist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sully" title="Thomas Sully">Thomas Sully</a>, and introduced to U.S. coins in the late 1830s. The design reflected an English influence, and as artistic tastes changed over time, was increasingly disliked in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200843-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Galaxy_(magazine)" title="The Galaxy (magazine)">The Galaxy</a></i> magazine said of the then current silver coins: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Why is it we have the ugliest money of all civilized nations? The design is poor, commonplace, tasteless, characterless, and the execution is like thereunto. They have rather the appearance of tokens or mean medals. One reason for this is that the design is so inartistic, and so insignificant. That young woman sitting on nothing in particular, wearing nothing to speak of, looking over her shoulder at nothing imaginable, and bearing in her left hand something that looks like a broomstick with a woolen nightcap on it—what is she doing there?<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200843-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png/220px-Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png/330px-Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png/440px-Morgan_Dollar_1880S_Obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Morgan dollar</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Barber half dollar</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">50 cents (0.50 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">12.50 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">30.6 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Thickness</th><td class="infobox-data">1.8 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>90 % silver</li> <li>10 % copper</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">0.36169 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1891 (patterns only)<br />1892–1915 (regular issues)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">O</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">S</a>. Located on reverse beneath eagle. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> specimens lack mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg/220px-1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg/330px-1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg/440px-1913-D_Barber_half_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Head of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (goddess)">Liberty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg/220px-1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg/330px-1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg/440px-1913-D_Barber_half_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1527" data-file-height="1526" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A <a href="/wiki/Spreadeagle_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreadeagle (heraldry)">heraldic eagle</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1891</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Public dissatisfaction with the newly-issued <a href="/wiki/Morgan_dollar" title="Morgan dollar">Morgan dollar</a> led the Mint's engravers to submit designs for the smaller silver coins in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983285_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983285-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who called for new coinage was editor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Watson_Gilder" title="Richard Watson Gilder">Richard Watson Gilder</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Century_Illustrated_Monthly_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine">The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</a></i>. Sometime in the early 1880s, he, along with one of his reporters and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a> visited Mint Director Burchard to argue for the creation of new designs. They brought along classic Greek and Roman coins in an attempt to persuade Burchard that the coinage could easily be made more beautiful. The visitors left disappointed, after learning that Burchard considered the much-criticized Morgan dollar as beautiful as any of them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843–44_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200843–44-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, Burchard was succeeded as Mint director by <a href="/wiki/James_P._Kimball" title="James P. Kimball">James Kimball</a>. The new director was more receptive to Gilder's ideas and in 1887 announced a competition for new designs for the non-gold coinage. These plans were scuttled when Vermont Senator <a href="/wiki/Justin_Morrill" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin Morrill">Justin Morrill</a> questioned the Mint's authority to produce new designs. The Mint had claimed authority under the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> in issuing the Morgan dollar in 1878 and the Liberty Head nickel in 1883. Morrill was a supporter of coin redesign and had in the past introduced bills to accomplish this; he felt, however, that this could not be done without an act of Congress. Kimball submitted the issue to government lawyers; they indicated that the Mint lacked the claimed authority. All three men worked to secure a bill to authorize new designs: Morrill by introducing and pressing legislation, Kimball by lobbying for the authority in his annual report, and Gilder by orchestrating favorable coverage. With legislators busy with other matters, it was not until September 26, 1890, that President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> signed legislation making all denominations of U.S. coins available for immediate redesign by the Mint upon obtaining the Secretary of the Treasury's approval. Each coin could thereafter be altered from the 25th year after it was first produced; for example, a coin first struck in 1892 would be eligible for redesign in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200845–50_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200845–50-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg/220px-Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg/330px-Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg/440px-Bosbyshell_medal_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="1113" /></a><figcaption>Philadelphia Mint Superintendent <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bosbyshell" title="Oliver Bosbyshell">Oliver Bosbyshell</a>, Medal by Assistant Engraver <a href="/wiki/George_T._Morgan" title="George T. Morgan">George T. Morgan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Three days before the signing of the 1890 act, Barber wrote to the superintendent of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bosbyshell" title="Oliver Bosbyshell">Oliver Bosbyshell</a>, setting forth proposed terms of a competition to select new coin designs. Barber suggested that entrants be required to submit models, as opposed to drawings, and that the designs be in low relief, which was used for coins. He proposed that the entries include the lettering and denomination, as submissions without them would not adequately show the appearance of the finished coin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette20069–10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette20069–10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a reply that due to other work, the Mint would not be able to address the question until the spring of 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 16, 1890, a new Mint director, <a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Leech" title="Edward O. Leech">Edward O. Leech</a>, took office. Leech, aged 38 at the time, had spent his career at the Bureau of the Mint, and was an enthusiastic supporter of redesign. He took the precaution of obtaining recommendations from Barber as to suitable outside artists who might participate in a competition. Since most of the proposed artists were New York-based, Andrew Mason, superintendent of the New York <a href="/wiki/Assay_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Assay Office">Assay Office</a>, was given the task of finalizing the list of invitees. Leading Mason's list of ten names was that of Saint-Gaudens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200858_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200858-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mason sent Leech the recommendations on April 3, 1891; the following day, the Mint director announced the competition, open to the public, but he specifically invited the ten artists named by Mason to participate. Besides Saint-Gaudens, artists asked to compete included <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Adams_(sculptor)" title="Herbert Adams (sculptor)">Herbert Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_Cox" title="Kenyon Cox">Kenyon Cox</a>. Although Barber had warned the director that reputable artists would likely not enter a contest in which only the winner received compensation, Leech offered a $500 prize to the winner, and no payments to anyone else. He sought new designs for both sides of the dollar, and for the obverses of the half dollar, quarter, and dime—Leech was content to let the reverses of the Seated Liberty coins continue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By law, an eagle had to appear on the quarter and half dollar, but could not appear on the dime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the artists conferred in New York and responded in a joint letter that they would be willing to participate, but not on the terms set. They proposed a competition with set fees for sketches and designs submitted by the invited artists, to be judged by a jury of their peers, and with the Mint committed to replace the Seated Liberty coins with the result. They also insisted that the same artist create both sides of a given coin, and that more time be given to allow the development of designs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983287_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983287-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leech was unable to meet these terms, as there was only enough money available for the single prize. In addition to inviting the ten artists, he had sent thousands of solicitations through the country; a number of designs were submitted in response to the circulars. To judge the submissions, he appointed a jury consisting of Saint-Gaudens, Barber, and Henry Mitchell, a Boston seal engraver and member of the 1890 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assay_Commission" title="United States Assay Commission">Assay Commission</a>. The committee met in June 1891 and quickly rejected all entries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leech was quoted in the press regarding the result of the contest: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> It is not likely that another competition will ever be tried for the production of designs for United States coins. The one just ended was too wretched a failure ... The result is not very flattering to the boasted artistic development of this country, inasmuch as only two of the three hundred suggestions submitted were good enough to receive honorable mention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983288_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983288-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Barber wrote years later about the competition, "many [entries] were sent in, but Mr. St. Gaudens,  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] who was appointed one of the committee to pass upon designs, objected to everything submitted".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numismatic historian Roger Burdette explained the artistic differences between the two men: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> It is likely they were so far apart in their artistic understanding that neither listened to what the other had to say ... Barber was from the English trades-apprentice approach where engraving and die sinking were crafts closely aligned to other metal workers such as machine tool makers. His father and grandfather were both engravers. Saint-Gaudens was a classically trained sculptor who began his career as an apprentice cameo cutter in New York, later moving to Paris and Rome for extensive training while perfecting his artistry. Barber generally worked in small, circular formats—a three-inch medal was a large size for his sculptures. Saint-Gaudens was uncomfortable with small medals and typically designed life-size or larger figures ... the 1891 competition turned the two against each other for the rest of their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frustrated at the competition's outcome, Leech instructed Barber on June 11, 1891, to prepare designs for the half dollar, quarter, and dime. As the Morgan dollar was then being heavily struck, the Mint director decided to leave that design unaltered for the time being. For the obverse of the new coins, Leech suggested a depiction of Liberty similar to that on the French coins of the period; he was content that the current reverses be continued. Leech had previously suggested to Barber that he engage outside help if the work was to be done at the Mint; the chief engraver replied that he was aware of no one who could be of help in the preparation of new designs. Leech had spoken with Saint-Gaudens on the same subject; the sculptor stated that only four men in the world were capable of executing high-quality coin designs; three lived in France and he was the fourth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200861–62_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200861–62-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 220px; height: 220px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -3px; left: -3px; width: 445px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_(J-1766).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Barber's first obverse for the half dollar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/445px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="445" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/668px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/890px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11307" data-file-height="5717" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_(J-1766).jpg" title="File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing Columbia Half dollar pattern (J-1766).jpg"> </a></div>Barber's first obverse for the half dollar </div> </div> </div> <p>Leech announced the decision to have Barber do the work in July, stating that he had instructed the engraver to prepare designs for presentation to Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/Charles_Foster_(Ohio_politician)" title="Charles Foster (Ohio politician)">Charles Foster</a>. In a letter printed in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a></i>, Gilder expressed disappointment that the Mint was planning to generate the new designs in-house, feeling that the Mint, essentially a factory for coins, was ill-equipped to generate artistic coin designs. Due to Gilder's prominence in the coinage redesign movement, Leech felt the need to respond personally, which he did in early August. He told Gilder that "artistic designs for coins, that would meet the ideas of an art critic like yourself, and artists generally, are not always adapted for practical coining".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200862,_65_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200862,_65-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He assured Gilder that the designs which Barber had already prepared had met with the approval of Mitchell, though Leech himself had some improvements to suggest to the chief engraver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200865_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200865-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barber's first attempt, modeled for the half dollar, disregarded Leech's instructions. Instead of a design based on French coinage, it depicted a standing figure of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia (name)">Columbia</a>, bearing a <i><a href="/wiki/Pileus_(hat)" title="Pileus (hat)">pileus</a></i> (a crown fashioned from an olive branch) atop a liberty pole; an eagle spreading its wings stands behind her. The reverse utilized the heraldic eagle from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a>, enclosed inside a thick oak wreath, with the required legends surrounding the rim.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leech rejected the design, and Barber submitted a revised obverse in mid-September with a head of Liberty similar to that on the adopted coin. Leech got feedback from friends and from Secretary Foster; on September 28, he wrote Barber that Liberty's lips were "rather voluptuous" and directed him to prepare a reverse without the wreath. Barber did so, and pattern coins based on the revised design were struck. Barber complained, in a letter on October 2 to Superintendent Bosbyshell, but intended for Leech, that the constant demands for changes were wasting his time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200865–66_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200865–66-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leech replied, stating that he did not care how much effort was expended in order to improve the design, especially since, once issued, they would have to be used for 25 years. Barber's reply was transmitted to Leech on October 6 with a cover letter from Acting Superintendent Mark Cobb (Bosbyshell was traveling) stating that Barber "disclaims any intention to be captious and certainly did not intend to question your prerogative as one of the officers designed by law to pass upon new designs for coinage".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–290_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–290-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter from Barber was a lengthy technical explanation for various design elements, and requested further advice from Leech if he had preferences; the overall tone was argumentative. Leech chose not to write again; he addressed one concern, about whether the olive branches in the design were rendered accurately, by visiting the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">National Botanical Garden</a>, obtaining one, and sending it to Barber.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 220px; height: 220px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -3px; left: -222px; width: 445px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_(J-1766).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Barber coinage pattern reverse, with wreaths and clouds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/445px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="445" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/668px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg/890px-NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_%28J-1766%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11307" data-file-height="5717" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing_Columbia_Half_dollar_pattern_(J-1766).jpg" title="File:NNC-1891-P50C-Standing Columbia Half dollar pattern (J-1766).jpg"> </a></div>A Barber coinage pattern reverse, with wreaths and clouds </div> </div> </div> <p>The question of how to render the stars (representing the 13 original states) on the coin was posed in the letters;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–294_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–294-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the end, Leech opted for six-pointed stars on the obverse and five-pointed ones on the reverse. Barber had prepared three versions of the design, each with clouds over the eagle; Leech approved one on October 31 and ordered working dies prepared, but then began to question the presence of the clouds, and had two more versions made. On November 6, President Harrison and his Cabinet considered which of the designs to approve, and chose one without the clouds; the following day, Leech ordered working dies prepared. Barber scaled down his design for the quarter and dime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Cabinet approved the designs, members requested that the Mint embolden the words "Liberty" on the obverse and "E Pluribus Unum" on the reverse, believing that these legends would wear away in circulation; despite the resulting changes, this proved to be accurate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the reverse of the dime, on which, by law, an eagle could not appear, a slight modification of the reverse of the Seated Liberty dime was used, with a wreath of foliage and produce surrounding the words "One Dime".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is uncertain when pattern dimes and quarters were struck, but this was most likely in mid-November 1891. One variety each of pattern dime and quarter are known, whereas five different half dollars are extant; all known Barber coin patterns are in the <a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">National Numismatic Collection</a> and none are in private hands. On December 11, Bosbyshell requested a delay in production to mid-January 1892 to allow the dies to be more thoroughly tested; Leech refused. The first Barber coins were struck at the Philadelphia Mint on January 2, 1892, at 9:00 a.m. By the end of the day, all three denominations had been coined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilkes201250_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilkes201250-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Republic_detail.jpg/170px-Republic_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Republic_detail.jpg/255px-Republic_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Republic_detail.jpg/340px-Republic_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Detail from <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of the Republic">Republic</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>All three denominations of the Barber coinage depict a head of Liberty, facing right. She wears a <i>pileus</i> and a small headband inscribed "Liberty". On the quarter and half dollar, the motto "In God We Trust" appears above her head; she is otherwise surrounded with 13 six-pointed stars and the date. On the dime, her head is surrounded with "United States of America" and the year. The reverse of the quarter and the half dollar depicts a <a href="/wiki/Spreadeagle_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreadeagle (heraldry)">heraldic eagle</a>, based on the Great Seal. The bird holds in its mouth a scroll inscribed "<a href="/wiki/E_Pluribus_Unum" class="mw-redirect" title="E Pluribus Unum">E Pluribus Unum</a>" and in its right claws an olive branch; in its left it holds 13 arrows. Above the eagle are 13 five-pointed stars; it is surrounded by the name of the country and by the coin's denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006134–135_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006134–135-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reverse of the dime depicts a wreath of corn, wheat, maple and oak leaves surrounding the words "One Dime".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barber's monogram "B" is on the cutoff of Liberty's neck; the mint mark, on the dime, is placed beneath the wreath on the reverse<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and beneath the eagle on the larger denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014171,_206_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014171,_206-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barber's head of Liberty is purely classical, and is rendered in the Roman style. The head is modeled after the French "<a href="/wiki/Ceres_(French_coins)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres (French coins)">Ceres</a>" silver coinage of the late 19th century, but bears a resemblance to Morgan's design for the silver dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006134_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006134-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not escape numismatist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Breen" title="Walter Breen">Walter Breen</a> in his comprehensive guide to U.S. coins: "Barber must have been feeling unusually lazy. He left the [dime] rev[erse] design as it had been since 1860, with minor simplifications. His obv[erse] was a mirror image of the Morgan dollar head, with much of Miss <a href="/wiki/Anna_Willess_Williams" title="Anna Willess Williams">Anna Willess Williams</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> back hair cropped off, the rest concealed ... within a disproportionately large cap."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988322_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988322-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his text introducing the Barber quarter, Breen states, "the whole composition is Germanically stolid, prosy, crowded (especially on rev[erse]), and without discernible merit aside from the technical one of low relief".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burdette terms Barber's designs, "typically mediocre imitations of the current French-style—hardly better than the arcane seated Liberty type they replaced".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art historian <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vermeule" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelius Vermeule">Cornelius Vermeule</a>, in his work on U.S. coins, took a more positive view of Barber's coinage: "the last word as to their aesthetic merits has yet to be written. Little admired or collected for more than three generations after their appearance [writing in 1971], these essentially conservative but most dignified coins have suddenly become extremely popular with collectors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197187_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197187-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermeule argued that "the designs of Barber's coins were more attuned to the times than he perhaps realized. The plumpish, matronly <i>gravitas</i> of Liberty had come to America seven years earlier in the person of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bartholdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Bartholdi">Frédéric Bartholdi</a>'s giant statue [the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>] ... "<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He suggested that the features of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>'s huge statue <i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of the Republic">Republic</a></i>, created for the <a href="/wiki/World_Columbian_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="World Columbian Exposition">World Columbian Exposition</a>, "were absolutely in harmony with what Charles Barber had created for the coinage in the year of the Fair's opening".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg/170px-CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg/255px-CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg/340px-CharlesEBarber-painting_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Charles E. Barber. His silver coins met mixed reviews, but were the pocket change of generations</figcaption></figure> <p>Leech released the new designs to the press about November 10, 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to numismatist David Lange, the new coinage received mixed reviews: "while the general press and public seemed satisfied with the new dime, quarter dollar, and half dollar, numismatists were either mildly disappointed with the new coins or remained silent on the matter."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006134_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006134-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moran records a number of unfavorable reviews, without listing any favorable ones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermeule stated that "the initial comment on the new coinage concerned the novelty of a contest, its failure, and the inevitable result that the commission would go, as always, to the Chief Engraver [Barber] and his staff."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197167_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197167-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George Heath, editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Numismatist" title="The Numismatist">The Numismatist</a></i>, discussed the new pieces: "the mechanical work is all that could be desired, and it is probable that owing to the conventional rut in which our mint authorities seem obliged to keep, this is the best that could be done".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006134_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006134-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> W.T.R. Martin wrote in the <i>American Journal of Numismatics</i>, "The general effect is pleasing, of the three the Dime is to many the most attractive piece. The head of Liberty is dignified, but although the silly story has been started that the profile is that of a 'reigning belle' of New York, she can hardly be called a beauty; there is a suggestion ... of the classic heads on some of the Roman coins, and a much stronger suggestion of the head on the French Francs of 1871 and onward ... these coins are an advance on what has hitherto been accomplished, but there is yet a long distance between them and the ideal National coin."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197189–90_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197189–90-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other reactions were unfavorable. Artist Kenyon Cox, one of the invited artists to the 1891 competition, stated, "I think it disgraceful that this great country should have such a coin as this."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859,_67_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200859,_67-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i> proclaimed, "The mountain had labored and brought forth a mouse."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint-Gaudens was also interviewed, and as author Moran put it, "injudiciously ranted": "This is inept; this looks like it had been designed by a young lady of sixteen, a miss who had taken only a few lessons in modeling. It is beneath criticism ... There are hundreds of artists in this country, any of whom, with the aid of a designer, could have made a very respectable coin, which this is not."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867–68_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867–68-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_collecting">Production and collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Production and collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leech_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leech_obverse.jpg/170px-Leech_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leech_obverse.jpg/255px-Leech_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leech_obverse.jpg/340px-Leech_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1878" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>Mint Director <a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Leech" title="Edward O. Leech">Edward O. Leech</a> was a moving force behind the 1892 subsidiary silver coin redesign. Medal by <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after issuance of the new quarters, the Mint received complaints that they would not stack properly. Barber made adjustments in his design to remedy this problem. Accordingly, there are two versions of the 1892 quarter, dubbed "Type I" and "Type II", both for the version without mint mark struck at Philadelphia and for those struck at the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">New Orleans Mint</a> (1892-O) and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco Mint</a> (1892-S). They may be distinguished by their reverses: Type I quarters have about half of the letter "E" in "UNITED" covered by the eagle's wing; with Type II quarters, the letter is almost entirely obscured. Type I quarters are rarer for each mint.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358–359_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358–359-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1894-S_Barber_dime" title="1894-S Barber dime">1894-S Barber dime</a> is one of the great numismatic rarities, with a published mintage of 24 <a href="/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">proof</a> pieces. Various stories attend the question of how so few came to be coined. According to Nancy Oliver and Richard Kelly in their 2011 article for <i>The Numismatist</i>, the San Francisco Mint in June 1894 needed to coin $2.40 in silver left over from the melting of worn-out coins, just enough to coin 24 dimes. More ten-cent pieces were expected to be struck there later in the year, but this did not occur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliverKelly201199_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliverKelly201199-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breen, on the other hand, related that San Francisco Mint Superintendent John Daggett had the dimes struck for a group of banker friends, giving three to each. He also gave three to his young daughter Hallie, telling her to retain them until she was as old as he was, and she would be able to sell them for a good price. According to the story, she spent one on a dish of ice cream, but kept the other two until 1954. One of the approximately nine known dimes was retrieved from circulation in 1957, and Breen speculated this may have been the ice cream specimen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988323_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988323-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One sold for $1,552,500 at auction in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg/170px-1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg/255px-1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg/340px-1903_proof_Barber_quarter_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption>1903 proof condition Barber quarter</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1900, Barber modified the dies. This change resulted in quarters that were thinner, so that 21 of the new coins would stack in the space occupied by 20 of the old. Barber again set to work on the dies. San Francisco Mint officials wanted permission to use the old dies, which was refused, as it was felt that all mints should be producing coins with the same specifications. There are small differences between quarters produced at the different mints.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStella_Admin1999_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStella_Admin1999-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for the 1894-S dime, there are no great rarities in the Barber series, as mintages were generally adequate to high. Key dates for the dime include the 1895-O (with the lowest mintage), 1896-S, 1897-O, 1901-S and 1903-S. For the quarter, key dates are the very low mintage 1896-S, 1901-S, and 1913-S issues, with the 1901-S particularly scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rarest half dollar is the 1892-O "Micro O", in which the mint mark "O" for New Orleans was impressed on the half dollar die with a puncheon intended for the quarter; other key dates are the regular 1892-O, 1892-S, 1893-S, 1897-O, 1897-S, 1913, 1914, and 1915. The last three dates have very low mintages but were preserved in substantial numbers. As half dollars were heavily circulated, prices tend to steeply rise for all coins in higher grades. "Condition rarities", relatively common and inexpensive in circulated condition but costly in high grades, include the 1901-S, 1904-S, and 1907-S half dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200562,_76,_92_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200562,_76,_92-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014205–207_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014205–207-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, although most dates are easily obtainable, many are scarce in higher and uncirculated grades. Also, in 1909, a new half dollar hub was introduced, which made the headband word "Liberty" stronger, thus changing a grading diagnostic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBush2016_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBush2016-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier Barber halves are frequently separately graded for their obverse and reverse characteristics, as the reverse tended to wear faster. Finally, large quantities of lower grade Barber coins were melted for bullion when <a href="/wiki/Silver_Thursday" title="Silver Thursday">silver prices rose in 1979 and early 1980</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor2005_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor2005-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, a group of collectors founded the Barber Coin Collectors Society, a nonprofit organization "dedicated to furthering the knowledge of coins designed" by Charles E. Barber and <a href="/wiki/William_Barber_(engraver)" title="William Barber (engraver)">William Barber</a>. The organization publishes a quarterly journal, and holds an annual meeting in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Association" title="American Numismatic Association">American Numismatic Association</a> World's Fair of Money.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement">Replacement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Replacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For additional detail on the 1916 subsidiary silver coin redesign, see <a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury dime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty quarter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty half dollar</a>.</div> <p>According to Burdette, "agitation to replace Barber's banal 1892 Liberty head began almost before the first coins were cold from the press."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200513_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200513-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894, the <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Society" title="American Numismatic Society">American Numismatic and Antiquarian Society</a>, in conjunction with various artistic and educational institutes, began to advocate for better designs for U.S. coins, but no change took place in the remainder of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983294_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983294-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006136_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006136-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> started to push for improvements to U.S. coins, and arranged for the Mint to engage Saint-Gaudens to redesign coins which could be changed under the 1890 act. Before his death in 1907, the sculptor provided designs for <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">the double eagle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_eagle" title="Indian Head eagle">eagle</a>, though the double eagle required adjustment by Barber to lower the relief before it could be released as a circulating coin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006136–137_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006136–137-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006105_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006105-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Redesign of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">smaller gold pieces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln cent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_nickel" title="Buffalo nickel">Buffalo nickel</a> followed between 1908 and 1913. By then, the dime, quarter, and half dollar were the only coins being struck<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had not received a redesign in the 20th century. As the 1916 date approached when the Barber coins could be changed without an act of Congress, calls for a new design increased.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200513_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200513-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:511px;max-width:511px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg/166px-1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg/249px-1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg/332px-1943D_Mercury_Dime_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Weinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Weinman">Adolph Weinman</a>'s Winged Liberty Head "Mercury" dime</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png/166px-1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png/249px-1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png/332px-1916_Standing_Liberty_quarter_obverse_1.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Hermon_Atkins_MacNeil" title="Hermon Atkins MacNeil">Hermon MacNeil</a>'s Standing Liberty quarter</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:166px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png/167px-Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png/251px-Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png/334px-Walking_Liberty_Half_Dollar_1945D_Obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="1121" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Weinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Weinman">Adolph Weinman</a>'s Walking Liberty half dollar</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1915, a new Mint director, <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Woolley" title="Robert W. Woolley">Robert W. Woolley</a>, took office. Woolley advocated the replacement of the silver coins when it was legal to do so, and instructed Barber and Morgan to prepare new designs. He consulted with the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission of Fine Arts">Commission of Fine Arts</a>, asking them to examine the designs produced by the Mint's engravers and, if they felt they were not suitable, to recommend artists to design the new coins. The Commission rejected the Barber and Morgan designs and proposed <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Weinman" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Weinman">Adolph Weinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermon_MacNeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermon MacNeil">Hermon MacNeil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albin_Polasek" title="Albin Polasek">Albin Polasek</a> as designers. Although Woolley had hoped that each artist would produce one design, different concepts by Weinman were accepted for the dime and <a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">half dollar</a>, and one by MacNeil for the quarter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2005_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2005-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Woolley had hoped to begin production of the new coins on July 1, 1916. There was heavy demand for small change,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200514_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200514-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as delays in actual production stretched into the second half of the year, Woolley was forced to have Barber prepare dies for 1916-dated dimes and quarters bearing the chief engraver's 1892 design. According to numismatist David Lange, "Barber must have secretly smiled to himself as his familiar Roman bust of Liberty once again dropped from the presses by the thousands, and then by the millions."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2005_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2005-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were sufficient half dollars from 1915 available to meet demand; no Barber halves were struck in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014205–207_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014205–207-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2005_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2005-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production difficulties were eventually ironed out, and at least token quantities of each of the new coins were struck in 1916, putting an end to the Barber coinage series.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006150_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006150-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barber later reused the design, in combination with a reverse by Morgan, in a proposed double eagle; instead <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">a design by Saint-Gaudens</a> was used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006247_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006247-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The schoolteacher who modeled for the Morgan dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988443_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988443-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Morgan dollar had not then been struck since 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoin_World_Almanac1977215-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoin_World_Almanac1977215_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoin_World_Almanac1977">Coin World Almanac 1977</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200853-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200853_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200854,_57-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200854,_57_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 54, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200857-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200857_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers2006140-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers2006140_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers2006">Bowers 2006</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomeryBorckardtKnight200529-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontgomeryBorckardtKnight200529_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontgomeryBorckardtKnight2005">Montgomery, Borckardt & Knight 2005</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200843-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983285-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983285_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014226_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYeoman2014">Yeoman 2014</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200843–44-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200843–44_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200845–50-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200845–50_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 45–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette20069–10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette20069–10_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurdette2006">Burdette 2006</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJulian">Julian</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200858-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200858_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859–61_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 59–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint190455_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint1904">Bureau of the Mint 1904</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983287-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983287_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983288-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983288_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette200611_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurdette2006">Burdette 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200861–62-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200861–62_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200862,_65-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200862,_65_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 62, 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200865-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200865_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006247-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette2006247_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurdette2006">Burdette 2006</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200865–66-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200865–66_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200866–67_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–290-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–290_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, pp. 289–290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–294-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983289–294_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, pp. 289–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988315,_322–323_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, pp. 315, 322–323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilkes201250-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilkes201250_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGilkes2012">Gilkes 2012</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006134–135-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006134–135_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLange2006">Lange 2006</a>, pp. 134–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman2014155_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> 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class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 443.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988322-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988322_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197187-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197187_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule1971">Vermeule 1971</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197190_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule1971">Vermeule 1971</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197167-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197167_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule1971">Vermeule 1971</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule197189–90-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule197189–90_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule1971">Vermeule 1971</a>, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200859,_67-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200859,_67_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 59, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran200867–68-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran200867–68_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran2008">Moran 2008</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358–359-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988358–359_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, pp. 358–359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOliverKelly201199-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOliverKelly201199_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOliverKelly2011">Oliver & Kelly 2011</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988323-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988323_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStella_Admin1999-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStella_Admin1999_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStella_Admin1999">Stella Admin 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Great Falls, Va.: Seneca Mill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-0-3"><bdi>978-0-9768986-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+of+American+Coinage%2C+1916%E2%80%931921&rft.place=Great+Falls%2C+Va.&rft.pub=Seneca+Mill+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9768986-0-3&rft.aulast=Burdette&rft.aufirst=Roger+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurdette2006" class="citation book cs1">Burdette, Roger W. (2006). <i>Renaissance of American Coinage, 1905–1908</i>. Great Falls, Va.: Seneca Mill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-1-0"><bdi>978-0-9768986-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+of+American+Coinage%2C+1905%E2%80%931908&rft.place=Great+Falls%2C+Va.&rft.pub=Seneca+Mill+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9768986-1-0&rft.aulast=Burdette&rft.aufirst=Roger+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint1904" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of the Mint (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rmtAAAAAYAAJ"><i>Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+United+States+Relating+to+the+Coinage&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Bureau+of+the+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrmtAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoin_World_Almanac1977" class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coinworldalmanac00coin"><i>Coin World Almanac</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). Sidney, Ohio: Amos Press. 1977. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2843702">2843702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coin+World+Almanac&rft.place=Sidney%2C+Ohio&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Amos+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2843702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoinworldalmanac00coin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthGarrett2005" class="citation book cs1">Guth, Ron; Garrett, Jeff (2005). <i>United States Coinage: A Study by Type</i>. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1782-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1782-4"><bdi>978-0-7948-1782-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Coinage%3A+A+Study+by+Type&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Ga.&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-1782-4&rft.aulast=Guth&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Garrett%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange2006" class="citation book cs1">Lange, David W. (2006). <i>History of the United States Mint and its Coinage</i>. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9"><bdi>978-0-7948-1972-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+United+States+Mint+and+its+Coinage&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Ga.&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-1972-9&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomeryBorckardtKnight2005" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery, Paul; Borckardt, Mark; Knight, Ray (2005). <i>Million Dollar Nickel</i>. Irvine, Ca.: Zyrus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9742371-8-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9742371-8-3"><bdi>978-0-9742371-8-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Million+Dollar+Nickel&rft.place=Irvine%2C+Ca.&rft.pub=Zyrus+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9742371-8-3&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Borckardt%2C+Mark&rft.au=Knight%2C+Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoran2008" class="citation book cs1">Moran, Michael F. (2008). <i>Striking Change: The Great Artistic Collaboration of Theodore Roosevelt and Augustus Saint-Gaudens</i>. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-2356-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-2356-6"><bdi>978-0-7948-2356-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Striking+Change%3A+The+Great+Artistic+Collaboration+of+Theodore+Roosevelt+and+Augustus+Saint-Gaudens&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Ga.&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-2356-6&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaxay1983" class="citation book cs1">Taxay, Don (1983) [reprint of 1966]. <i>The U.S. Mint and Coinage</i>. New York, N.Y.: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7"><bdi>978-0-915262-68-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Mint+and+Coinage&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Sanford+J.+Durst+Numismatic+Publications&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-915262-68-7&rft.aulast=Taxay&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeule1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Clarkson_Vermeule_III" title="Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule III">Vermeule, Cornelius</a> (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numismaticartina0000verm"><i>Numismatic Art in America</i></a></span>. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3"><bdi>978-0-674-62840-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numismatic+Art+in+America&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-674-62840-3&rft.aulast=Vermeule&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnumismaticartina0000verm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeoman2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Yeoman" title="Richard S. Yeoman">Yeoman, R.S.</a> (2014). <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Bressett" title="Kenneth Bressett">Bressett, Kenneth</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_Book_of_United_States_Coins" title="A Guide Book of United States Coins">A Guide Book of United States Coins</a> 2015</i> (68th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-079484215-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-079484215-4"><bdi>978-079484215-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/875521690">875521690</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL28306197M">28306197M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+Book+of+United+States+Coins+2015&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Georgia&rft.edition=68th&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F875521690&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL28306197M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-079484215-4&rft.aulast=Yeoman&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Other sources</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush2016" class="citation web cs1">Bush, Thomas (August 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126064448/https://coinweek.com/opinion/expert-advice/circulated-barber-half-dollars-look-back-two-decades-specialization/">"Circulated Barber Half Dollars – A Look Back at Two Decades of Specialization"</a>. <i>CoinWeek</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coinweek.com/opinion/expert-advice/circulated-barber-half-dollars-look-back-two-decades-specialization/">the original</a> on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CoinWeek&rft.atitle=Circulated+Barber+Half+Dollars+%E2%80%93+A+Look+Back+at+Two+Decades+of+Specialization&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoinweek.com%2Fopinion%2Fexpert-advice%2Fcirculated-barber-half-dollars-look-back-two-decades-specialization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilkes2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Gilkes, Paul (September 3, 2012). "Don't ignore Barber dimes". <i>Coin World</i>. Vol. 53, no. 2734. Sidney, Ohio: Amos Press. pp. 46, 48, 50–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coin+World&rft.atitle=Don%27t+ignore+Barber+dimes&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2734&rft.pages=46%2C+48%2C+50-51&rft.date=2012-09-03&rft.aulast=Gilkes&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian" class="citation web cs1">Julian, R.W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821051945/http://www.collectorusa.com/articles/barbers.php">"Barber Coinage"</a>. CollectorUSA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectorusa.com/articles/barbers.php">the original</a> on August 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barber+Coinage&rft.pub=CollectorUSA&rft.aulast=Julian&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectorusa.com%2Farticles%2Fbarbers.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange2005" class="citation web cs1">Lange, David (January 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812190351/http://blog.davidlawrence.com/index.php/mercury-dimes-ch-1-history-of-the-mercury-dime-series/">"Mercury Dimes > Ch 1 > History of the Mercury Dime Series"</a>. <i>David Lawrence Rare Coins Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.davidlawrence.com/index.php/mercury-dimes-ch-1-history-of-the-mercury-dime-series/">the original</a> on August 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Lawrence+Rare+Coins+Blog&rft.atitle=Mercury+Dimes+%3E+Ch+1+%3E+History+of+the+Mercury+Dime+Series&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.davidlawrence.com%2Findex.php%2Fmercury-dimes-ch-1-history-of-the-mercury-dime-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliverKelly2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Oliver, Nancy; Kelly, Richard (May 2011). "The 1894-S dime". <i>The Numismatist</i>. Colorado Springs, Co.: American Numismatic Association. pp. 99–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatist&rft.atitle=The+1894-S+dime&rft.pages=99-100&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStella_Admin1999" class="citation web cs1">Stella Admin (September 29, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130312003548/http://blog.davidlawrence.com/index.php/c-g-barber-coinage-history-of-the-barber-series/">"History of the Barber Series"</a>. <i>David Lawrence Rare Coins Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.davidlawrence.com/index.php/c-g-barber-coinage-history-of-the-barber-series/">the original</a> on March 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=David+Lawrence+Rare+Coins+Blog&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Barber+Series&rft.date=1999-09-29&rft.au=Stella+Admin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.davidlawrence.com%2Findex.php%2Fc-g-barber-coinage-history-of-the-barber-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span> Excerpt from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceFeigenbaum1991" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, David; Feigenbaum, John (1991). "Chapter 1: History of the Barber Series". <i>The Complete Guide to Certified Barber Coinage</i>. DLRC Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+History+of+the+Barber+Series&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Certified+Barber+Coinage&rft.pub=DLRC+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Feigenbaum%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2005" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Sol (August 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/signal/coins/sg082005-coins.htm">"Barber's silver coinage: fun series to collect"</a>. Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Barber%27s+silver+coinage%3A+fun+series+to+collect&rft.date=2005-08-20&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Sol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scvhistory.com%2Fscvhistory%2Fsignal%2Fcoins%2Fsg082005-coins.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABarber+coinage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barber_coinage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coincommunity.com/us_barber_coinage/">CoinCommunity.com - US Barber Coinage Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barbercoins.org/index.shtml">Barber Coin Collectors Society website</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty coinage</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="United States coinage">United States coinage</a> (1892–1916) </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury dime</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Liberty Quarter">Standing Liberty Quarter</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty half dollar</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template talk:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent (5₥)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_half_cent" title="Liberty Cap half cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1800–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1809–1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Braided Hair</a></i> (1840–1857) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">penny (1¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio (Franklin)</a></i> (1787) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_center_cent" title="Silver center cent">Silver center</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chain_cent" title="Chain cent">Chain</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wreath_cent" title="Wreath cent">Wreath</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_large_cent" title="Liberty Cap large cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1796) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1808–1814) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Matron Head</a></i> (1816–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Braided Hair</a></i> (1839–1857, 1868) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Eagle_cent" title="Flying Eagle cent">Flying Eagle</a></i> (1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head</a></i> (1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln</a></b> (1909–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two cents (2¢)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">Billon</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Bronze</a></i> (1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_piece" title="Three-cent piece">Three cents (3¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">Silver</a></i> (1851–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">Bronze (Coronet Head)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1863) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Nickel (Liberty Head)</a></i> (1865–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel (5¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a></i> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1797, 1800–1805) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1829–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1866; 1909–1910) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shield_nickel" title="Shield nickel">Shield</a></i> (1866–1883) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head</a></i> (1883–1913) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_nickel" title="Buffalo nickel">Buffalo (Indian Head)</a></i> (1913–1938) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_nickel" title="Jefferson nickel">Jefferson</a></b> (1938–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)#"Disme"_(1792)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Disme</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1809–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury</a></i> (1916–1945) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt</a></b> (1946–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty cents (20¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1875–1878) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1815–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1838–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty</a></i> (1916–1930) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (eagle reverse)</a> (1932–1998) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Washington (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">Washington (50 State)</a> (1999–2008) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories)</a> (2009) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">Washington (America the Beautiful)</a> (2010–2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse)</a> (2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">Washington (American Women)</a></b> (2022–2025) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (Semiquincentennial)</b></i> (2026) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (youth sports)</b></i> (2027–2030) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1807–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1839–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Barber</a></i> (1892–1915) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty</a></i> (1916–1947) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_half_dollar" title="Franklin half dollar">Franklin</a></i> (1948–1963) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy</a></b><sup>c</sup> (1964–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Kennedy (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1776) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair_dollar" title="Flowing Hair dollar">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust_dollar" title="Draped Bust dollar">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–<a href="/wiki/1804_dollar" title="1804 dollar">1804</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gobrecht_dollar" title="Gobrecht dollar">Gobrecht</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Seated_Liberty_dollar" title="Seated Liberty dollar">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1840–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade</a></i> (1873–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_dollar" title="Morgan dollar">Morgan</a></b> (1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Peace_dollar" title="Peace dollar">Peace</a></b> (1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower</a></i> (1971–1978) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Eisenhower (bicentennial)</a></i> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony</a> (1979–1981; 1999) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2000–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins" title="Presidential dollar coins">Presidential</a><sup>c</sup> (2007–2016; 2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Innovation_dollars" title="American Innovation dollars">American Innovation</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2018–2032) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_gold_coins" title="Category:United States gold coins">Gold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Head_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Head gold dollar (page does not exist)">Liberty Head</a></i> (1849–1854) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Princess_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Princess gold dollar (page does not exist)">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle ($2.50)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head_quarter_eagle" title="Classic Head quarter eagle">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_quarter_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head quarter eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1840–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three dollars ($3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle ($5)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_half_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head half eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1839–1908) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle ($10)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1795–1804) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1838–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_eagle" title="Indian Head eagle">Indian Head</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle ($20)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_double_eagle" title="Liberty Head double eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintuple_Stella" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintuple Stella">Quintuple Stella</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">Saint-Gaudens</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Other canceled<br />denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two dollar piece ($2)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">Stella ($4)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879–1880) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">Half union ($50)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1877) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union ($100)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>(<i>italics</i>) Obsolete</li> <li><sup>x</sup> Canceled</li> <li>(<b>bold</b>) Currently in production</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Currently produced for collectors only</li> <li>(<i><b>bold and italics</b></i>) Planned but production not commenced</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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