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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US American coin</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Franklin half dollar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><div class="location">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">50 cents (0.50 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">12.50<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">30.61<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mm (1.21<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Thickness</th><td class="infobox-data">1.8 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>90% <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></li> <li>10% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">0.36169<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1948–1963<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">S</a> on reverse, above yoke of bell and below letter E in STATES. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> coins struck without mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png/220px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png/330px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png/440px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_R._Sinnock" title="John R. Sinnock">John R. Sinnock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png/220px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png/330px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png/440px-Franklin_Half_1963_D_Reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Sinnock with participation by <a href="/wiki/Gilroy_Roberts" title="Gilroy Roberts">Gilroy Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Franklin half dollar</b> is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="United States coinage">coin</a> that was <a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">struck</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> from 1948 to 1963. The <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">fifty-cent piece</a> pictures <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Father</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a> on the reverse. A small <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)" title="Eagle (heraldry)">eagle</a> was placed to the right of the bell to fulfill the legal requirement that half dollars depict the figure of an eagle. Produced in 90 percent silver with a <a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded edge</a>, the coin was struck at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco</a> <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mints</a>. </p><p>Mint director <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross" title="Nellie Tayloe Ross">Nellie Tayloe Ross</a> had long admired Franklin, and wanted him to be depicted on a coin. In 1947, she instructed her chief engraver, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Sinnock" title="John R. Sinnock">John R. Sinnock</a>, to prepare designs for a Franklin half dollar. Sinnock's designs were based on his earlier work, but he died before their completion. The designs were completed by Sinnock's successor, <a href="/wiki/Gilroy_Roberts" title="Gilroy Roberts">Gilroy Roberts</a>. The Mint submitted the new designs to the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission of Fine Arts">Commission of Fine Arts</a> ("Commission") for its advisory opinion. The Commission disliked the small eagle and felt that depicting the crack in the Liberty Bell would expose the coinage to jokes and ridicule. Despite the Commission's disapproval, the Mint proceeded with Sinnock's designs. </p><p>After the coins were released in April 1948, the Mint received accusations that Sinnock's initials "JRS" on the cutoff at Franklin's shoulder were a tribute to Soviet dictator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (Stalin did not have a middle name that began with an 'R'). No change was made, with the Mint responding that the letters were simply the artist's initials (The same accusation was made after the release of the Sinnock designed <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Dime" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt Dime">Roosevelt Dime</a> in 1946). The coin was struck regularly until 1963. Beginning in 1964 it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a>, issued in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassinated</a> President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. Though the coin is still <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>, its value to collectors or as silver (bullion value) both greatly exceed its face value. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_selection">Background and selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mint Director Nellie Tayloe Ross had long been an admirer of Benjamin Franklin, and wished to see him on a coin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933, Sinnock had designed a medal featuring Franklin, which may have given her the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franklin had opposed putting portraits on coins;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he advocated proverbs about which the holder could profit through reflection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska20023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1948 interview, Ross noted that Franklin only knew of living royalty on coins, and presumably would feel differently about a republic honoring a deceased founder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Franklin might have been more upset at the reverse design: as <a href="/wiki/Numismatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatic">numismatic</a> writer Jonathan Tepper noted, "Had Benjamin Franklin known that he would be appearing on a half dollar with an eagle, he most likely would have been quite upset. He detested the eagle, and numismatic lore has it that he often referred to it as a scavenger. Given the practical man that he was, Franklin proposed the wild turkey as our national bird."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesquicentennial_american_independence_half_dollar_commemorative_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sesquicentennial_american_independence_half_dollar_commemorative_reverse.jpg/200px-Sesquicentennial_american_independence_half_dollar_commemorative_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Sesquicentennial_american_independence_half_dollar_commemorative_reverse.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>The Sesquicentennial half dollar. Its reverse was used as the basis for the Franklin half dollar's reverse.</figcaption></figure> <p>An 1890 statute forbade the replacement of a coin design without congressional action, unless it had been in service for 25 years, counting the year of first issuance. The <a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty half dollar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury dime</a> had been first issued in 1916; they could be replaced without congressional action from and after 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988413,_416_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988413,_416-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mint officials considered putting Franklin on the dime in 1941, but the project was shelved due to heavy demands on the Mint for coins as the United States entered World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, the Mint contemplated adding one or more new denominations of coinage; Sinnock prepared a Franklin design in anticipation of a new issue, which did not occur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20024–5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska20024–5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dime was redesigned in 1946 to depict fallen President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a>, who had been closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Dimes" title="March of Dimes">March of Dimes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walking Liberty design seemed old-fashioned to Mint officials, and the only other coin being struck which was eligible for replacement was the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln cent</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> remained a beloved figure, and Ross did not want to be responsible for removing him from the coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947, Ross asked Sinnock to produce a design for a half dollar featuring Franklin. The chief engraver adapted his earlier work for the obverse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had designed the medal from a bust of Franklin by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdon" title="Jean-Antoine Houdon">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinnock based his design for the reverse on the 1926 commemorative half dollar for the sesquicentennial (150th anniversary) of American Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numismatic writer <a href="/wiki/Don_Taxay" title="Don Taxay">Don Taxay</a> later discovered that Sinnock had based his Liberty Bell (as depicted on both the Sesquicentennial half dollar and the Franklin half) on a sketch by John Frederick Lewis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinnock died in May 1947, before finishing the reverse design, which was completed by the new chief engraver, <a href="/wiki/Gilroy_Roberts" title="Gilroy Roberts">Gilroy Roberts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to Sinnock's work for the Roosevelt dime, the portrait is designed along simple lines, with Franklin depicted wearing a period suit. The small eagle on the reverse was added as an afterthought, when Mint officials realized that the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> required one to be displayed on all coins of greater value than the dime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mint sought comments on the designs from the <a href="/wiki/Commission_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission of Fine Arts">Commission of Fine Arts</a>, which was provided with a lead striking of the obverse and a view of the reverse; Taxay suggests they were shown a plaster model. On December 1, 1947, Commission chairman <a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Clarke" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilmore Clarke">Gilmore Clarke</a> wrote to Ross saying that they had no objection to the obverse, in which they recognized Sinnock's "good workmanship".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for the reverse, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>The eagle shown on the model is so small as to be insignificant and hardly discernible when the model is reduced to the size of a coin. The Commission hesitate to approve the Liberty Bell as shown with the crack in the bell visible; to show this might lead to puns and to statements derogatory to United States coinage. </p><p>The Commission disapprove the designs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Numismatist Paul Green later noted, "Over the years there would probably have been even more puns and derogatory statements if there had been an attempt to depict the bell without a crack."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska2002xi_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska2002xi-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Commission suggested a design competition under its auspices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its recommendations, which were only advisory,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were rejected by the Treasury Department and the coin was approved by Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/John_W._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Snyder">John W. Snyder</a>, which Taxay ascribes to an unwillingness to dishonor Sinnock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_and_production">Release and production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Release and production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_medal.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Franklin_medal.jpeg/220px-Franklin_medal.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Franklin_medal.jpeg/330px-Franklin_medal.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Franklin_medal.jpeg/440px-Franklin_medal.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="1777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_R._Sinnock" title="John R. Sinnock">John R. Sinnock</a>'s medal of Franklin served as the basis of his obverse for the half dollar.</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 7, 1948, the Treasury issued a press release announcing the new half dollar. The Commission's disapproval went unreported; instead the release noted that the design had been Ross's idea and had received Secretary Snyder's "enthusiastic approval".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The release noted Franklin's reputation for thrift, and expressed hope that the half dollar would serve as a reminder that spare cash should be used to purchase <a href="/wiki/Savings_bond" title="Savings bond">savings bonds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savings_stamp" title="Savings stamp">savings stamps</a>. Franklin became the fifth person and first non-president to be honored by the issuance of a regular-issue US coin, after Lincoln, Roosevelt, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a speech given when she unveiled the design in January 1948, Ross indicated that she had been urged to put Franklin on the cent because of his association with the adage "a penny saved is a penny earned" (in Franklin's original, "A penny saved is twopence dear".)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ross stated, "You will agree, I believe, that the fifty-cent piece, being larger and of silver, lends itself much better to the production of an impressive effect."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 29, 1948, the day before the coin's public release, Ross held a dinner party for 200 at the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> in Philadelphia; each guest received a Franklin half dollar in a card signed by Ross.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20023_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska20023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new half dollars first went on sale at noon on April 30, 1948, the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">1789 inauguration as President</a>. They were sold from a booth on the steps of the Sub-Treasury Building in New York, by employees of the Franklin Savings Bank dressed in Revolutionary-era garb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1948-05-01_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1948-05-01-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png/220px-Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png/330px-Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png/440px-Nellie_Tayloe_Ross_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Tayloe_Ross" title="Nellie Tayloe Ross">Nellie Tayloe Ross</a>, seen in this medal by Sinnock, favored placing Franklin on the half dollar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt dime</a> had been designed by Sinnock, and had provoked complaints by citizens viewing Sinnock's initials "JS" on the coin as those of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, placed there by some <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> infiltrator within the Mint. Even though Sinnock's initials (placed on the cutoff of Franklin's bust) were expressed "JRS", the Mint still received similar complaints, to which they responded with what numismatic historian <a href="/wiki/Walter_Breen" title="Walter Breen">Walter Breen</a> termed "outraged official denials".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, "People wrote in demanding to know how the Bureau of the Mint had discovered that Joe Stalin had a middle name."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1959-02-15_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1959-02-15-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another rumor was that the small "o" in "of" was an error, and that the coins would be recalled. This claim died more quickly than the Stalin rumor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a> on November 22, 1963, Congress and the Mint moved with great speed to authorize and produce a half dollar in tribute to him. With the authorization of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a> on December 30, 1963, the Franklin half dollar series came to an end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988418_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988418-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breen reports rumors of 1964 Franklin half dollars, produced possibly as trial strikes to test 1964-dated dies, but none has ever come to light.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 465,814,455 Franklin half dollars were struck for circulation; in addition, 15,886,955 were struck in proof.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200596_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200596-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting">Collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Franklin half dollar was struck in relatively small numbers in its first years,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there was limited demand due to a glut of Walking Liberty halves. No half dollars were struck at Denver in 1955 and 1956 due to a lack of demand for additional pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The San Francisco Mint closed in 1955; it did not reopen until 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''Ocala_Star-Banner''1965-08-22_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP/''Ocala_Star-Banner''1965-08-22-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, with improved economic conditions, demand for the pieces began to rise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were struck in much greater numbers beginning in 1962, which saw the start of the greatly increased demand for coins which would culminate in the great coin shortage of 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No Franklin half dollar is rare today, as even low-mintage dates were widely saved. <a href="/wiki/Proof_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof coin">Proof coins</a> were struck at the Philadelphia Mint from 1950. "Cameo proofs", with frosted surfaces and mirror-like fields, were struck in small numbers and carry a premium. Just under 498 million Franklin half dollars, including proofs, were struck.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg/220px-1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg/330px-1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg/440px-1955-Franklin-Half-Dollar-Bugs-Bunny-Variety-Close-Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of the "Bugs Bunny" variety of the Franklin half dollar</figcaption></figure> <p>There are only 35 different dates and mintmarks in the series, making it a relatively inexpensive collecting project.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A widely known variety is the 1955 "<a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny" title="Bugs Bunny">Bugs Bunny</a>" half. This variety was caused by a die clash between an obverse die and a reverse die. The impact of the eagle's wings on the other die caused a marking outside of Franklin's mouth which, according to some, resembles buck teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201168_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201168-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quality of half dollars struck by the Mint decreased in the late 1950s, caused by deterioration of the master die from which working dies were made for coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201184_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201184-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an initial attempt to improve the quality of the pieces, the Mint made slight modifications to the designs, though both the old (Type I) and new (Type II) were struck in 1958 and 1959. One obvious difference between the types is the number of long tail feathers on the eagle—Type I half dollars have four tail feathers, Type II only three. Approximately 5-10% of the 1958 Philadelphia coinage is Type II, struck from dies which were first used to strike the 1958 proofs. About 70% of the 1959 half dollars struck at Philadelphia are Type II; all 1958-D and 1959-D half dollars are Type I.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mint recut the master die before beginning the 1960 coinage, improving quality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201184_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201184-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An especially well-struck Franklin half dollar is said to have full bell lines. To qualify, the seven parallel lines making up the bottom of the bell must be fully visible, and the three wisps of hair to the right of Franklin's ear on the obverse must also fully show, and not blend together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Franklins have been damaged by "roll friction": the tendency of pieces in a loose coin roll to rub together repeatedly, causing steel-gray abrasions, usually on Franklin's cheek and on the center of the Liberty Bell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperMay_1990_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperMay_1990-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mintages, the key dates in this series are the 1948, 1949-S, 1953 and 1955. Franklin half dollars have been extensively melted for their silver, and many dates are rarer than the mintage figures indicate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, although more than nine million 1962 halves were struck for circulation, and an additional three million in proof, the coin was more valuable as bullion than in any condition <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Bunker_Hunt#Silver_manipulation" title="Nelson Bunker Hunt">when silver prices reached record levels</a> in 1979–1980. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mintage_figures">Mintage figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mintage figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg/220px-Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg/330px-Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg/440px-Numismatist_June_1948.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="4840" /></a><figcaption>The release of the Franklin half dollar was front-page news in the coin collecting world, as seen by the June 1948 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Numismatist" title="The Numismatist">The Numismatist</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Mintage figures </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1948 </th> <td>3,006,814 </td> <td>4,028,500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1949 </th> <td>5,614,000 </td> <td>4,120,500 </td> <td>3,744,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td>7,793,509 (51,386) </td> <td>8,031,600 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td>16,859,602 (57,500) </td> <td>9,475,200 </td> <td>13,696,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1952 </th> <td>21,274,073 (81,980) </td> <td>25,395,600 </td> <td>5,526,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1953 </th> <td>2,796,820 (128,800) </td> <td>20,900,400 </td> <td>4,148,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1954 </th> <td>13,421,502 (233,300) </td> <td>25,445,580 </td> <td>4,993,400 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1955 </th> <td>2,876,381 (378,200) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1956 </th> <td>4,701,384 (669,384) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1957 </th> <td>6,361,952 (1,247,952) </td> <td>19,966,850 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1958 </th> <td>4,917,652 (875,652) </td> <td>23,962,412 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1959 </th> <td>7,349,291 (1,149,291) </td> <td>13,053,750 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1960 </th> <td>7,715,602 (1,691,602) </td> <td>18,215,812 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1961 </th> <td>11,318,244 (3,028,244) </td> <td>20,276,442 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1962 </th> <td>12,932,019 (3,218,019) </td> <td>35,473,281 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1963 </th> <td>25,239,645 (3,075,645) </td> <td>67,069,292 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Note:</b> Numbers in parentheses represent coins which were distributed in proof sets, which are also included in the totals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_World'',_Franklin_half_dollar_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoin_World,_Franklin_half_dollar"><i>Coin World</i>, Franklin half dollar</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''The_Portsmouth_Times''1948-05-13_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAP/The_Portsmouth_Times1948-05-13">AP/<i>The Portsmouth Times</i> & 1948-05-13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska20023-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20023_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20023_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2002">Tomaska 2002</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperApril_1990_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTepperApril_1990">Tepper & April 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988413,_416-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988413,_416_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, pp. 413, 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201121-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201121_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2011">Tomaska 2011</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska20024–5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska20024–5_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2002">Tomaska 2002</a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELange2006172-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange2006172_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLange2006">Lange 2006</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Coin_Community_Family''_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoin_Community_Family"><i>Coin Community Family</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983376–377_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, pp. 376–377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska2002xi-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska2002xi_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2002">Tomaska 2002</a>, p. xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay1983377_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay1983">Taxay 1983</a>, p. 377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07">United States Department of the Treasury & 1948-01-07</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988416_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1948-05-01-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1948-05-01_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1948-05-01"><i>The New York Times</i> & 1948-05-01</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1959-02-15-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1959-02-15_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1959-02-15"><i>The New York Times</i> & 1959-02-15</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988418-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988418_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, p. 418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200596-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuthGarrett200596_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuthGarrett2005">Guth & Garrett 2005</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Daytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal''1975-03-16_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal1975-03-16"><i>Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal</i> & 1975-03-16</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP/''Ocala_Star-Banner''1965-08-22-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP/''Ocala_Star-Banner''1965-08-22_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAP/Ocala_Star-Banner1965-08-22">AP/<i>Ocala Star-Banner</i> & 1965-08-22</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201168-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201168_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2011">Tomaska 2011</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomaska201184-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201184_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomaska201184_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomaska2011">Tomaska 2011</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETepperMay_1990-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETepperMay_1990_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTepperMay_1990">Tepper & May 1990</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen1988417–418_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen1988">Breen 1988</a>, pp. 417–418.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_half_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBreen1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Breen" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Breen">Breen, Walter</a> (1988). <i>Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins</i>. New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-14207-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-14207-6"><bdi>978-0-385-14207-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Breen%27s+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+and+Colonial+Coins&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-385-14207-6&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthGarrett2005" class="citation book cs1">Guth, Ron; Garrett, Jeff (2005). <i>United States Coinage: A Study by Type</i>. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1782-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1782-4"><bdi>978-0-7948-1782-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Coinage%3A+A+Study+by+Type&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Ga.&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-1782-4&rft.aulast=Guth&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Garrett%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange2006" class="citation book cs1">Lange, David W. (2006). <i>History of the United States Mint and its Coinage</i>. Atlanta: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9"><bdi>978-0-7948-1972-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+United+States+Mint+and+its+Coinage&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-1972-9&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaxay1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Taxay" title="Don Taxay">Taxay, Don</a> (1983) [1966]. <i>The U.S. Mint and Coinage</i> (reprint ed.). New York: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7"><bdi>978-0-915262-68-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Mint+and+Coinage&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Sanford+J.+Durst+Numismatic+Publications&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-915262-68-7&rft.aulast=Taxay&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomaska2002" class="citation book cs1">Tomaska, Rick (2002). <i>A Complete Guide to Franklin Half Dollars</i>. Virginia Beach, Va.: DLRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880731-68-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880731-68-0"><bdi>978-1-880731-68-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Franklin+Half+Dollars&rft.place=Virginia+Beach%2C+Va.&rft.pub=DLRC+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-880731-68-0&rft.aulast=Tomaska&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomaska2011" class="citation book cs1">Tomaska, Rick (2011). <i>A Guide Book of Franklin & Kennedy Half Dollars</i>. Atlanta: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-3243-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-3243-8"><bdi>978-0-7948-3243-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+Book+of+Franklin+%26+Kennedy+Half+Dollars&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-3243-8&rft.aulast=Tomaska&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Other sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP/The_Portsmouth_Times1948-05-13" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=McJQAAAAIBAJ&pg=7494,3392083">"Benjamin Franklin opposed putting portraits on coins"</a>. <i>The Portsmouth (Ohio) Times</i>. Associated Press. May 13, 1948. p. 28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Portsmouth+%28Ohio%29+Times&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Franklin+opposed+putting+portraits+on+coins&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1948-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DMcJQAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7494%2C3392083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAP/Ocala_Star-Banner1965-08-22" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BWJPAAAAIBAJ&pg=2396,223726">"Minting of coins with less silver to start on Monday"</a>. <i>Ocala Star-Banner</i>. Associated Press. August 22, 1965. p. 24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ocala+Star-Banner&rft.atitle=Minting+of+coins+with+less+silver+to+start+on+Monday&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1965-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DBWJPAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2396%2C223726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoin_Community_Family" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coincommunity.com/coin_histories/half_dollar_1948_franklin.asp">"1948–63 Half Dollar Franklin History"</a>. Coin Community Family<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1948%E2%80%9363+Half+Dollar+Franklin+History&rft.pub=Coin+Community+Family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coincommunity.com%2Fcoin_histories%2Fhalf_dollar_1948_franklin.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoin_World,_Franklin_half_dollar" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinworld.com/coinvalues/half-dollar/franklin-half-dollar.html">"Franklin half dollar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Coin_World" title="Coin World">Coin World</a></i>. Amos Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coin+World&rft.atitle=Franklin+half+dollar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinworld.com%2Fcoinvalues%2Fhalf-dollar%2Ffranklin-half-dollar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2010-07-14" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Paul M. (July 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006025433/http://www.coincollectingnews.org/1962-franklin-half-dollars-melted-now-valuable/1012538">"1962 Franklin Half Dollars Melted, Now Valuable"</a>. <i>Coin Collecting News</i>. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coin+Collecting+News&rft.atitle=1962+Franklin+Half+Dollars+Melted%2C+Now+Valuable&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coincollectingnews.org%2F1962-franklin-half-dollars-melted-now-valuable%2F1012538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1948-05-01" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0914FE3D54157B93C3A9178ED85F4C8485F9&scp=13&sq=Franklin+half+dollar&st=p">"New half dollar for museum archives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 1, 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+half+dollar+for+museum+archives&rft.date=1948-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DFB0914FE3D54157B93C3A9178ED85F4C8485F9%26scp%3D13%26sq%3DFranklin%2Bhalf%2Bdollar%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaytona_Beach_Sunday_News-Journal1975-03-16" class="citation news cs1">Restifo, Harriett (March 16, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SEwfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1601%2C204937">"The Franklin half"</a>. <i>Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal</i>. p. 10C<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daytona+Beach+Sunday+News-Journal&rft.atitle=The+Franklin+half&rft.pages=10C&rft.date=1975-03-16&rft.aulast=Restifo&rft.aufirst=Harriett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DSEwfAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1601%252C204937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1959-02-15" class="citation news cs1">Shuster, Alvin (February 15, 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F7061EFE3A5B107B93C7A81789D85F4D8585F9&scp=5&sq=%22franklin+half+dollar%22&st=p">"Change of a penny"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 15 (Magazine)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Change+of+a+penny&rft.pages=15+%28Magazine%29&rft.date=1959-02-15&rft.aulast=Shuster&rft.aufirst=Alvin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF7061EFE3A5B107B93C7A81789D85F4D8585F9%26scp%3D5%26sq%3D%2522franklin%2Bhalf%2Bdollar%2522%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTepperApril_1990" class="citation journal cs1">Tepper, Jonathan (April 1990). "Circulation strike Franklin half dollars, Part I". <i><a href="/wiki/Numismatist_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatist (magazine)">The Numismatist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Association" title="American Numismatic Association">American Numismatic Association</a>: 544–546, 617.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatist&rft.atitle=Circulation+strike+Franklin+half+dollars%2C+Part+I&rft.pages=544-546%2C+617&rft.date=1990-04&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTepperMay_1990" class="citation journal cs1">Tepper, Jonathan (May 1990). "Circulation strike Franklin half dollars, Part II". <i><a href="/wiki/Numismatist_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Numismatist (magazine)">The Numismatist</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Numismatic_Association" title="American Numismatic Association">American Numismatic Association</a>: 736–739, 771–772.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatist&rft.atitle=Circulation+strike+Franklin+half+dollars%2C+Part+II&rft.pages=736-739%2C+771-772&rft.date=1990-05&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_the_Treasury1948-01-07" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:sdM3AIQBaT8J:www.usmint.gov/historianscorner/index.cfm?action%3DDocDL%26doc%3Dpr545.doc+the+story+of+the+new+benjamin+franklin+half-dollar+ross&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgGxCsNlAAwpzwf0pO7d8K2LS31Oo5yaJvwJxd3OJlFUhFPRBc2U_SmgxCIOt9teP1y1JsFBZlN0OsLiylEUQ5y3Uh0iwyLPo3dKb96-1_4VGay3tn6as1ULApT-1UBzeegYQQ3&sig=AHIEtbSO_O43NRIFrHNLp2ol9jFfA9xpLg&pli=1">"Press service no. S-589"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span>. United States Department of the Treasury. January 7, 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+service+no.+S-589&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Treasury&rft.date=1948-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fviewer%3Fa%3Dv%26q%3Dcache%3AsdM3AIQBaT8J%3Awww.usmint.gov%2Fhistorianscorner%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%253DDocDL%2526doc%253Dpr545.doc%2Bthe%2Bstory%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bnew%2Bbenjamin%2Bfranklin%2Bhalf-dollar%2Bross%26hl%3Den%26gl%3Dus%26pid%3Dbl%26srcid%3DADGEESgGxCsNlAAwpzwf0pO7d8K2LS31Oo5yaJvwJxd3OJlFUhFPRBc2U_SmgxCIOt9teP1y1JsFBZlN0OsLiylEUQ5y3Uh0iwyLPo3dKb96-1_4VGay3tn6as1ULApT-1UBzeegYQQ3%26sig%3DAHIEtbSO_O43NRIFrHNLp2ol9jFfA9xpLg%26pli%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFranklin+half+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/28px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/42px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/56px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220356/http://www.coincommunity.com/us_coin_links/us_halves_franklin.asp">US Franklin Half Dollar by year.</a> Histories, photos, and more.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coinpage.com/franklin%20half-pictures.html">Franklin Half Dollar Pictures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219141430/http://www.coinpage.com/franklin%20half-pictures.html">Archived</a> 2015-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty half dollar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (United States coin)</a> (1948–1963) </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy half dollar</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benjamin_Franklin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Template:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Template talk:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benjamin_Franklin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of governors of Pennsylvania">President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">Ambassador to France (1779–1785)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding of the<br />United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Join,_or_Die" title="Join, or Die"><i>Join, or Die.</i> (1754 political cartoon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Plan" title="Albany Plan">Albany Plan of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Congress" title="Albany Congress">Albany Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">"...to be self-evident"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Franco-American alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_(France%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Amity and Commerce (France–United States)">Treaty of Amity and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Treaty of Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">1776 Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania#Government" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions,<br />other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_electrostatic_machine" title="Franklin's electrostatic machine">Franklin's electrostatic machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifocals" title="Bifocals">Bifocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_stove" title="Franklin stove">Franklin stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_harmonica#Franklin's_armonica" title="Glass harmonica">Glass armonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream#History" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">Lightning rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_experiment" title="Kite experiment">Kite experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_it_forward" title="Pay it forward">Pay it forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associators" title="Associators">Associators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="111th Infantry Regiment (United States)">111th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junto_(club)" title="Junto (club)">Junto club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Company_of_Philadelphia" title="Library Company of Philadelphia">Library Company of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Pennsylvania Hospital">Pennsylvania Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_and_College_of_Philadelphia" title="Academy and College of Philadelphia">Academy and College of Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Contributionship" title="Philadelphia Contributionship">Philadelphia Contributionship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Fire_Company" title="Union Fire Company">Union Fire Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency" title="Early American currency">Early American currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States#Early_postal_history" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">United States Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_street_lighting_in_the_United_States" title="History of street lighting in the United States">Street lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Abolition_Society" title="Pennsylvania Abolition Society">President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Neuf_S%C5%93urs" title="Les Neuf Sœurs">Master, Les Neuf Sœurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Burial_Ground" title="Christ Church Burial Ground">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Papers_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="The Papers of Benjamin Franklin">The Papers of Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silence_Dogood" title="Silence Dogood">Silence Dogood letters (1722)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dissertation_on_Liberty_and_Necessity,_Pleasure_and_Pain" title="A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain"><i>A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain</i> (1725)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Busy-Body_(pen_name)" title="The Busy-Body (pen name)">The Busy-Body columns (1729)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_Gazette" title="The Pennsylvania Gazette"><i>The Pennsylvania Gazette</i> (1729–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_publishers_and_printers" title="Early American publishers and printers">Early American publishers and printers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Richard%27s_Almanack" title="Poor Richard's Almanack"><i>Poor Richard's Almanack</i> (1732–1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drinker%27s_Dictionary" title="The Drinker's Dictionary">The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advice_to_a_Friend_on_Choosing_a_Mistress" title="Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress">"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_of_Polly_Baker" title="The Speech of Polly Baker">"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_Concerning_the_Increase_of_Mankind,_Peopling_of_Countries,_etc." title="Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc."><i>Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.</i> (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiments_and_Observations_on_Electricity" title="Experiments and Observations on Electricity"><i>Experiments and Observations on Electricity</i> (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Birch#Copies_of_Franklin_letters" title="Thomas Birch">Birch letters (1755)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_to_Wealth" title="The Way to Wealth"><i>The Way to Wealth</i> (1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Chronicle" title="Pennsylvania Chronicle"><i>Pennsylvania Chronicle</i> (1767)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rules_By_Which_A_Great_Empire_May_Be_Reduced_To_A_Small_One" class="extiw" title="s:Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One"><i>Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One</i> (1773)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removal#Benjamin_Franklin" title="Indian removal">Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Royal_Academy" title="A Letter to a Royal Academy"><i>A Letter to a Royal Academy</i> (1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage#Benjamin_Franklin's_Remarks_Concerning_the_Savages_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble savage"><i>Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America</i> (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morals_of_Chess" title="The Morals of Chess">"The Morals of Chess" (1786)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Address_to_the_Public" class="extiw" title="s:An Address to the Public"><i>An Address to the Public</i> (1789)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Plan_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Free_Blacks" class="extiw" title="s:A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks"><i>A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks</i> (1789)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Autobiography_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin"><i>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</i> (1771–1790, pub. 1791)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelles_and_Satires" title="Bagatelles and Satires"><i>Bagatelles and Satires</i> (pub. 1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers#The_New_England_Courant" title="History of American newspapers">Franklin as a journalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin%27s_phonetic_alphabet" title="Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet">Franklin's phonetic alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Court" title="Franklin Court">Franklin Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_House" title="Benjamin Franklin House">Benjamin Franklin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology">Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Parkway" title="Benjamin Franklin Parkway">Benjamin Franklin Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_National_Memorial" title="Benjamin Franklin National Memorial">Benjamin Franklin National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute_Awards" title="Franklin Institute Awards">awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Medal" title="Franklin Medal">medal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Medal_(American_Philosophical_Society)" title="Benjamin Franklin Medal (American Philosophical Society)">Benjamin Franklin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_Arts)" title="Benjamin Franklin Medal (Royal Society of Arts)">Royal Society of Arts medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">Depicted in <i>The Apotheosis of Washington</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(painting)" title="Treaty of Paris (painting)">Treaty of Paris</a></i> (1783 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Drawing_Electricity_from_the_Sky" title="Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky">Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky</a></i> (1816 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Boston)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Chicago)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Chicago)">Chicago statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Columbus,_Ohio)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Columbus, Ohio)">Columbus, Ohio, statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(University_of_Pennsylvania)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (University of Pennsylvania)">University of Pennsylvania statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon, statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (San Francisco)">San Francisco statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Stanford_University)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Stanford University)">Stanford University statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Washington, D.C.)">Washington D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial#Exterior" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial pediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franklin half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">One-hundred-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_silver_dollar" title="Benjamin Franklin silver dollar">Franklin silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin_on_stamps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benjamin Franklin on stamps">other stamps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Benjamin_Franklin" title="List of places named for Benjamin Franklin">Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_College" title="Benjamin Franklin College">Benjamin Franklin College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Field" title="Franklin Field">Franklin Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Franklin_(New_Hampshire)" title="Mount Franklin (New Hampshire)">Mount Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin">State of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ben_(MLS_supporters_association)" title="Sons of Ben (MLS supporters association)">Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Franklin" title="USS Franklin">Ships named USS <i>Franklin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Franklin_effect" title="Ben Franklin effect">Ben Franklin effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_in_popular_culture" title="Benjamin Franklin in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_and_Me" title="Ben and Me"><i>Ben and Me</i> (1953 short)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Franklin_in_Paris" title="Ben Franklin in Paris"><i>Ben Franklin in Paris</i> (1964 musical play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)"><i>1776</i> (1969 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(film)" title="1776 (film)">1972 film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Benjamin Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (miniseries)</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!"><i>Liberty!</i> (1997 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids"><i>Liberty's Kids</i> (2002 animated series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(2002_TV_series)" title="Benjamin Franklin (2002 TV series)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (2002 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)"><i>John Adams</i> (2008 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)" title="Sons of Liberty (miniseries)"><i>Sons of Liberty</i> (2015 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(film)" title="Benjamin Franklin (film)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (2022 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Franklin</i> (2024 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New-England_Courant" title="The New-England Courant">The New-England Courant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Museum_(magazine)" title="The American Museum (magazine)"><i>The American Museum</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Read" title="Deborah Read">Deborah Read (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin" title="William Franklin">William Franklin (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Folger_Franklin" title="Francis Folger Franklin">Francis Franklin (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Franklin_Bache" title="Sarah Franklin Bache">Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_Franklin" title="William Temple Franklin">William Franklin (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Bache" title="Benjamin Franklin Bache">Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Franklin_Bache" title="Louis Franklin Bache">Louis F. Bache (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache_Jr." title="Richard Bache Jr.">Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_A._Harwood" title="Andrew A. Harwood">Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallas_Bache" title="Alexander Dallas Bache">Alexander Bache (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Franklin" title="Josiah Franklin">Josiah Franklin (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franklin_(printer)" title="James Franklin (printer)">James Franklin (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Franklin_Mecom" title="Jane Franklin Mecom">Jane Mecom (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Morrell_Folger" title="Mary Morrell Folger">Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Folger_(Nantucket_settler)" title="Peter Folger (Nantucket settler)">Peter Folger (grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache" title="Richard Bache">Richard Bache (son-in-law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Smith_Franklin" title="Ann Smith Franklin">Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Category:Benjamin Franklin">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template talk:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent (5₥)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_half_cent" title="Liberty Cap half cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1800–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1809–1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Braided Hair</a></i> (1840–1857) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">penny (1¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio (Franklin)</a></i> (1787) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_center_cent" title="Silver center cent">Silver center</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chain_cent" title="Chain cent">Chain</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wreath_cent" title="Wreath cent">Wreath</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_large_cent" title="Liberty Cap large cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1796) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1808–1814) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Matron Head</a></i> (1816–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Braided Hair</a></i> (1839–1857, 1868) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Eagle_cent" title="Flying Eagle cent">Flying Eagle</a></i> (1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head</a></i> (1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln</a></b> (1909–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two cents (2¢)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">Billon</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Bronze</a></i> (1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_piece" title="Three-cent piece">Three cents (3¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">Silver</a></i> (1851–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">Bronze (Coronet Head)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1863) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Nickel (Liberty Head)</a></i> (1865–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel (5¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a></i> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1797, 1800–1805) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1829–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1866; 1909–1910) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shield_nickel" title="Shield nickel">Shield</a></i> (1866–1883) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head</a></i> (1883–1913) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_nickel" title="Buffalo nickel">Buffalo (Indian Head)</a></i> (1913–1938) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_nickel" title="Jefferson nickel">Jefferson</a></b> (1938–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)#"Disme"_(1792)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Disme</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1809–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury</a></i> (1916–1945) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt</a></b> (1946–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty cents (20¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1875–1878) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1815–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1838–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty</a></i> (1916–1930) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (eagle reverse)</a> (1932–1998) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Washington (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">Washington (50 State)</a> (1999–2008) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories)</a> (2009) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">Washington (America the Beautiful)</a> (2010–2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse)</a> (2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">Washington (American Women)</a></b> (2022–2025) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (Semiquincentennial)</b></i> (2026) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (youth sports)</b></i> (2027–2030) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1807–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1839–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1915) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty</a></i> (1916–1947) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franklin</a></i> (1948–1963) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy</a></b><sup>c</sup> (1964–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Kennedy (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1776) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair_dollar" title="Flowing Hair dollar">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust_dollar" title="Draped Bust dollar">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–<a href="/wiki/1804_dollar" title="1804 dollar">1804</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gobrecht_dollar" title="Gobrecht dollar">Gobrecht</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Seated_Liberty_dollar" title="Seated Liberty dollar">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1840–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade</a></i> (1873–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_dollar" title="Morgan dollar">Morgan</a></b> (1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Peace_dollar" title="Peace dollar">Peace</a></b> (1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower</a></i> (1971–1978) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Eisenhower (bicentennial)</a></i> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony</a> (1979–1981; 1999) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2000–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins" title="Presidential dollar coins">Presidential</a><sup>c</sup> (2007–2016; 2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Innovation_dollars" title="American Innovation dollars">American Innovation</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2018–2032) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_gold_coins" title="Category:United States gold coins">Gold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Head_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Head gold dollar (page does not exist)">Liberty Head</a></i> (1849–1854) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Princess_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Princess gold dollar (page does not exist)">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle ($2.50)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head_quarter_eagle" title="Classic Head quarter eagle">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_quarter_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head quarter eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1840–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three dollars ($3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle ($5)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_half_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head half eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1839–1908) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle ($10)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1795–1804) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1838–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_eagle" title="Indian Head eagle">Indian Head</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle ($20)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_double_eagle" title="Liberty Head double eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintuple_Stella" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintuple Stella">Quintuple Stella</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">Saint-Gaudens</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Other canceled<br />denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two dollar piece ($2)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">Stella ($4)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879–1880) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">Half union ($50)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1877) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union ($100)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>(<i>italics</i>) Obsolete</li> <li><sup>x</sup> Canceled</li> <li>(<b>bold</b>) Currently in production</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Currently produced for collectors only</li> <li>(<i><b>bold and italics</b></i>) Planned but production not commenced</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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