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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US three-cent coin (1851–1873)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Three-cent silver</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><div class="location">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">3 cents (0.03 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US dollars</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1851–1853, .80 g. Later pieces, .75 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">14 mm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data">plain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data">1851–1853, .750 <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, .250 <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>. Later pieces, .900 silver, .100 copper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">1851–1853, .0193 troy oz. Later issues, .0217 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1851–1873</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">O</a> (1851 only). To the right of the Roman numeral on the reverse. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> specimens struck without mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1851-O_3CS_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-1851-O_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1851</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1853</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1858_3CS_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-1858_3CS_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1854</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1858</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="center"> <div style="width: 235px; height: 235px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -6px; left: -6px; width: 490px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1866_3CS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1866 3CS.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/490px-1866_3CS.jpg" decoding="async" width="490" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/735px-1866_3CS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/980px-1866_3CS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="1362" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1859</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1873</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1851-O_3CS_(rev).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg/220px-1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg/330px-1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg/440px-1851-O_3CS_%28rev%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Type 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1851</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1853</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="center"> <div style="width: 235px; height: 235px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -6px; left: -248px; width: 490px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1866_3CS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="1866 3CS.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/490px-1866_3CS.jpg" decoding="async" width="490" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/735px-1866_3CS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/1866_3CS.jpg/980px-1866_3CS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="1362" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Types 2 and 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1854</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1873</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>three-cent silver</b>, also known as the <b>three-cent piece in silver</b> or <b>trime</b>, was struck by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">Mint of the United States</a> for circulation from 1851 to 1872, and as a <a href="/wiki/Proof_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof coin">proof coin</a> in 1873. Designed by the Mint's chief engraver, <a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a>, it circulated well while other silver coinage was being hoarded and melted, but once that problem was addressed, became less used. It was abolished by Congress with the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a>. </p><p>After a massive importation of gold bullion during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>, silver could be traded for increasing amounts of gold, so U.S. silver coins were exported and melted for their metal. This, and the reduction of postage rates to three cents, prompted Congress in 1851 to authorize a coin of that denomination made of .750 fine silver, rather than the conventional .900. The three-cent silver was the first American coin to contain metal valued significantly less than its face value, and the first silver coin not to be <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> for an unlimited amount. The coin saw heavy use until Congress acted again in 1853, making other silver coins lighter, which kept them in circulation. Congress also lightened the three-cent silver, and increased its fineness to 900 silver. </p><p>With the return of other denominations to circulation, the three-cent silver saw less use, and its place in commerce was lost with the economic chaos of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, which led to hoarding of all gold and silver coins. A <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">three-cent piece in copper-nickel</a> was struck beginning in 1865, and the three-cent silver saw low mintages for its final decade before its abolition. The series is not widely collected, and the pieces remain inexpensive relative to other U.S. coins of similar scarcity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">Mint of the United States</a> had been striking silver coins since the 1790s, they did not always circulate due to fluctuations in the price of the metal. In 1834, for example, <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">half dollars</a> sold on the market at a premium of one percent. The U.S. was then on a <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallic</a> standard, and though Congress had slightly overvalued silver with respect to gold, enough Mexican silver flowed into the country to produce a rough equilibrium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By early 1849, most of the silver coins in circulation were small coins of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Spanish colonial real</a>, including the "levy" (one real) and "fip" (half real).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The levy and fip often passed for twelve and six cents respectively in the Eastern U.S. The mint accepted them as payment at a slightly lower figure, but even so, lost money on the transactions as many of the pieces were lightweight through wear. The odd denominations of the levy and fip were a convenience, allowing payment or change to be made without the use of <a href="/wiki/Large_cent_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Large cent (United States coin)">cents</a>, which were at that time large, made of copper, and not accepted by the government as legal tender due to their lack of precious metal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Western U.S., the levy and fip were accepted as the equivalent of the silver <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">dime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">half dime</a>, although the Spanish pieces contained more silver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bullion from the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> and other discoveries came to the Eastern U.S. in considerable quantities beginning in 1848. By the following year, the price of gold relative to silver had dropped, making it profitable to export American silver coins, sell them as bullion, and use the payment in gold to buy more U.S. coins. Silver coins consequently vanished from circulation, meaning the highest-value American coin actually circulating that was worth less than the <a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">quarter eagle</a> ($2.50 piece) was the half-dollar-sized copper cent, which saw no use in much of the country because of its lack of legal tender status. Early in 1849, Congress authorized a <a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">gold dollar</a> to help bridge the gap. Spanish silver coins were the bulk of what was left in commerce for small change, although there was disagreement as to the value to be assigned to them. Additionally, they were often heavily worn, reducing their intrinsic worth at a time when Americans expected coins to contain metal worth the value assigned to them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1850, New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Daniel S. Dickinson</a> introduced legislation for a three-cent piece in .750 fine silver, that is, three parts silver to one part copper (American silver coins were then .900 fine). He proposed to offer it in exchange for the Spanish silver, which would be valued at eight reals to the dollar for the purpose, higher than the going rate. The new coin would weigh three-tenths as much as the dime, but the debasement of the silver would compensate the government for the losses it would take in redeeming the underweight, worn Spanish coins. The three-cent denomination was chosen as it coordinated well with the six- and twelve-cent values often assigned the fip and levy. The House of Representatives instead considered legislation to reduce the valuation of the Spanish coins to ten cents per real, and to strike a <a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">twenty-cent piece</a>, of .900 silver, to facilitate the exchange. Neil Carothers, in his book on small-denomination American money, suggests that the House's plan would have resulted in the Spanish coins staying in circulation, and any twenty-cent pieces issued being hoarded or melted. No legislation passed in 1850, which saw continued export of America's silver coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers106–107_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers106–107-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Impetus for the passage of a three-cent coin came when Congress, in January 1851, considered reducing postage rates from five cents to three. In 1849, <a href="/wiki/House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" class="mw-redirect" title="House Committee on Ways and Means">House Committee on Ways and Means</a> chairman, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Vinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Vinton">Samuel Vinton</a>, had written to Mint director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maskell_Patterson" title="Robert Maskell Patterson">Robert M. Patterson</a> that his committee was considering both reducing the postage rate and instituting a three-cent coin. Although no legislative action was then taken, Patterson had the mint prepare experimental <a href="/wiki/Pattern_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattern coins">pattern coins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House committee proposing the 1851 bill included Dickinson's three-cent piece, and provided that it be legal tender up to 30 cents. When the bill was debated in the House on January 13, 1851, New York Congressman <a href="/wiki/William_Duer_(U.S._Congressman)" title="William Duer (U.S. Congressman)">William Duer</a> indicated that he felt both coin and stamp should be denominated at 2<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> cents, and his fellow New Yorker, <a href="/wiki/Orsamus_Matteson" class="mw-redirect" title="Orsamus Matteson">Orsamus Matteson</a>, offered an amendment to that effect. The amendment failed, as did every other attempt to change the legislation, including Dickinson's plea, in the Senate, to restore the requirement that the new coin be used to retire some of the Spanish silver. The bill passed both houses, and became the Act of March 3, 1851 when President <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> signed it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian53_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian53-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers107–108_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers107–108-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay218–219_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay218–219-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carothers pointed out the precedent-setting nature of the legislation, the first to authorize an American silver coin containing an amount of metal worth considerably less than its face value: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>This almost forgotten statute is one of the most significant measures in American currency history. After resisting for sixty years every attempt to introduce any form of fiduciary silver coinage, Congress adopted a subsidiary silver coin as an adjunct to the postal service, without realizing that the first step had been taken in the relegation of silver to the status of a subordinate monetary material. The new piece was the first silver coin in the history of the United States that was not legal tender for an unlimited amount. Subsidiary coinage had been established, but in a trivial way, by an unworkable law, and at a time when the entire silver currency was flowing out of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers108_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers108-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_(Judd-125_Original)_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-1850_P3CS_Three_Cent_Silver_%28Judd-125_Original%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pattern_coin" title="Pattern coin">Pattern coin</a> struck to Peale's design for the <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_piece" title="Three-cent piece">three-cent piece</a> in silver</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to striking the pattern coins in 1849, officials at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> continued to experiment with three-cent silvers. The matter was caught up in ongoing conflict between Mint chief coiner <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Peale" title="Franklin Peale">Franklin Peale</a>, and the chief engraver, <a href="/wiki/James_B._Longacre" title="James B. Longacre">James B. Longacre</a>, who each prepared designs. Peale produced a coin depicting a <a href="/wiki/Pileus_(hat)" title="Pileus (hat)">Liberty cap</a>, based on a design prepared by Longacre's late predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gobrecht" title="Christian Gobrecht">Christian Gobrecht</a>, in 1836. Longacre prepared a design similar to the coin that was eventually released.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 2, 1851, the day before the legislation was passed, Longacre, with the reluctant permission of Patterson (a Peale ally) sent <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Treasury Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a> samples of his proposed three-cent piece, along with a letter explaining the symbology. Patterson preferred Peale's design, but recommended Longacre's for approval on the ground that it was in lower <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen271-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patterson, writing to Corwin on March 7, indicated that if the three-cent were struck in .900 silver, it would be hoarded, but as the silver in the .750 pieces was worth only two and a half cents, the Mint would profit via <a href="/wiki/Seignorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Seignorage">seignorage</a> from coining the new pieces. Patterson also suggested that the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">New Orleans Mint</a> could be used to strike the new coin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the provision of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_Act_of_1837&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mint Act of 1837 (page does not exist)">Mint Act of 1837</a> entrusting Longacre, by virtue of his office, with responsibility for preparing dies, Peale prepared his own and ran off some sample three-cent pieces. Both types of pattern coin were sent by Patterson to Corwin on March 25, 1851, with the Mint director's recommendation that the chief engraver's design be selected. The next day, acting Treasury Secretary William L. Hodge approved Longacre's design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay219–220_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay219–220-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knowing there was a large demand for the new coins, Patterson thought it best to build up a stock of 500,000 before beginning distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers109_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art historian <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vermeule" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelius Vermeule">Cornelius Vermeule</a>, in his book on American coins and medals, considered the silver three-cent piece one of the ugliest U.S. coins, though it "has the redeeming feature of delicate workmanship".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule191_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule191-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dennis Tucker, head of Whitman Publishing, in 2016 described the coin as "something of a 'Sarah plain and small'."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress had required, in the authorizing act for the three-cent silver, that the piece bear a design distinct from both the gold dollar and the other silver coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint38_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint38-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Longacre wrote in his letter to Corwin of March 2, 1851, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>On so small a coin it is impossible that the device can be at once conspicuous and striking unless it is simple—complexity would defeat the object. For the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a> I have therefore chosen a star (one of the heraldic elements of the National crest) bearing on its centre the shield of the Union, surrounded by the legal inscription and date. For the reverse I have devised an ornamental letter C embracing in its centre the Roman numeral III, the whole encircled by the thirteen stars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack155_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack155-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Longacre's original design for the reverse (type 1) was altered when the fineness of the coin was increased in 1854, to aid the public in distinguishing between them. For the type 2 and type 3, (the reverses of which are identical, the only differences between the two types are on the obverse) an olive sprig, a symbol of peace, was added over the <i>III</i>, and a bundle of three arrows, a symbol of war, below it. The arrows are bound by a ribbon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5,_9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5,_9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Type_1_(1851–1853)"><span id="Type_1_.281851.E2.80.931853.29"></span>Type 1 (1851–1853)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Type 1 (1851–1853)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg/220px-1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg/330px-1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg/440px-1776_Potosi_2_reales_obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1355" /></a><figcaption>A Spanish colonial two-reals piece ("two bits") from the Potosí Mint (today in Bolivia)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to numismatic historian <a href="/wiki/Walter_Breen" title="Walter Breen">Walter Breen</a>, "the new 3¢ coins were minted in large quantities, went immediately into circulation, and stayed there".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen271-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite mechanical difficulties in striking so small a piece,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian53_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian53-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a total of 5,446,400 were struck at Philadelphia in 1851, and 720,000 at New Orleans—the latter would prove the only mintage of three-cent pieces outside Philadelphia. The coins were shipped directly to post offices for use with stamps. Members of the public who wanted pieces were refused them by mint officials, who advised would-be purchasers to seek them at treasury depository branches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The small size of the coins, which were dubbed "fish scales", was disliked as they were easily lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mint used them to redeem some of the Spanish silver, but the bulk of those foreign coins remained in circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A shopper paying for a small purchase with a gold dollar might receive fifteen or so three-cent pieces and the remainder in badly worn fips and other small silver coins. One Philadelphia newspaper reported, derisively, that merchants were reduced to giving ladles full of three-cent pieces in change for a five-dollar banknote.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers111–112_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers111–112-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Silver coins continued to flow out of the U.S. in 1852, and the three-cent silver saw its highest mintage, 18,663,500, all from Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of these pieces was larger than that of all other silver coins struck by the mints in 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers109_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chaotic state of commerce, with no circulating federal coin valued between the three-cent piece and gold dollar, was a source of concern, and mint officials and congressmen corresponded in 1852 concerning a reduction in weight of silver coins such as the half dime and half dollar. Congress at last responded with laws passed on February 21, 1853 and March 3, 1853. These reduced the weight of all silver coins except for the <a href="/wiki/Seated_Liberty_dollar" title="Seated Liberty dollar">silver dollar</a>. The weight of the three-cent piece was reduced from .8 grams to .75, but its fineness increased to .900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8–9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8–9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the other reduced-weight silver coins were given legal tender limits of five dollars, that of the three-cent piece remained at thirty cents. Carothers theorized, "Congress, probably realizing that the 3 cent piece was a misfit at best, preferred to leave it with a discordant legal tender value".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers122–123_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers122–123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pursuant to these congressional acts, mintage of the type 1 three-cent silver stopped on March 31, 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen271-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These changes to the silver coinage alleviated the problem of small change, as the new lightweight coins remained in circulation and were not then hoarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers123_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers123-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Type_2_(1854–1858)"><span id="Type_2_.281854.E2.80.931858.29"></span>Type 2 (1854–1858)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Type 2 (1854–1858)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The shift to .900 silver for the three-cent silver was intended to help drive the Spanish coins out of circulation. Longacre made changes to both sides of the three-cent silver, engraving a triple line around the star on the obverse and adding an olive branch and a bundle of arrows to the reverse, in order to assist the public in distinguishing between three-cent pieces of type 1 and type 2, since the material value of their silver now differed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein14_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These parallel changes were made to the other silver coins of less than a dollar as well. As it was more urgent to complete work on the modifications to silver coins such as the half dollar and <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a>, Longacre left the redesign of the three-cent piece for last, and did not complete work on the coin until late 1853. The new treasury secretary, <a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)">James Guthrie</a>, approved the changes on November 10 of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting with 1854, small quantities of <a href="/wiki/Proof_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof coin">proof coins</a> were struck and apparently distributed in sets with the other silver coins. Beginning in 1858, Mint director <a href="/wiki/James_Ross_Snowden" title="James Ross Snowden">James Ross Snowden</a> made the <a href="/wiki/Proof_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Proof set">proof sets</a> available to the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1853 acts had also prohibited the mint from buying silver from the public. Since the silver dollar was heavy relative to its face value, little silver was presented for striking into that piece. As the statutes did not permit the public to deposit silver and receive it back in the form of subsidiary silver coins (the three-cent piece through half dollar), this effectively placed the U.S. on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>. Despite the statutes, in 1853 and 1854, Snowden had the mint purchase large quantities of silver bullion at a fixed price, generally above the market rate, and struck it into coin. The fact that the subsidiary coins were only legal tender to five dollars and could not be redeemed for gold resulted in a glut of silver coins in commerce. This oversupply, which persisted through 1862,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers129–136_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers129–136-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then led to lower mintages of silver coins in the mid-1850s, including the three-cent piece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest mintage for the type-2 three-cent silver occurred in 1858, when 1,603,700 were struck for circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Type_3_(1859–1873)"><span id="Type_3_.281859.E2.80.931873.29"></span>Type 3 (1859–1873)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Type 3 (1859–1873)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although there is no archival evidence, Breen theorizes that in 1858 Snowden ordered Longacre to make changes to improve striking quality, as most type-2 pieces were weakly struck. The changes include removal of one of the outlines around the star, with smaller and more evenly spaced lettering. Breen suggests that the lettering displays the influence of Assistant Engraver Anthony C. Paquet, who likely assisted Longacre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen273_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen273-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These changes only affected the obverse, leaving the reverse unaltered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic chaos of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">civil war</a> brought the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Note" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Tender Note">legal tender notes</a>, backed only by the credit of the government, and by mid-1862, gold and silver coins had vanished from circulation in much of the nation, their place taken by such makeshifts as <a href="/wiki/Fractional_currency" title="Fractional currency">fractional currency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers156–158_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers156–158-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trime remained in circulation longer than the other silver coins, apparently due to the public misconception that it was still made of debased silver, but by the autumn of 1862, it too was hoarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian54_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian54-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With little point to issuing coins that would not circulate, mintage of the three-cent silver dropped from 343,000 in 1862 to 21,000 in 1863, a figure that would be exceeded only once (22,000 in 1866) throughout the remainder of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1863, Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> wrote in a letter that the three-cent silver had entirely vanished from circulation, proposing that it be issued in aluminum to avoid hoarding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress began the task of restoring federal coins to circulation in 1864 with a <a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">two-cent piece</a> in bronze, and by authorizing a <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">three-cent piece in copper-nickel</a> the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1866, it authorized a five-cent piece in the latter alloy, the <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel</a>, as it has come to be known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint48–49_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint48–49-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the trime effectively replaced by base-metal pieces, it did not share in the increased mintage of silver coins that began in 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-cent silver was struck at the rate of just a few thousand per year into the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1870, Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/George_Boutwell" class="mw-redirect" title="George Boutwell">George Boutwell</a> sent Congress a draft bill to replace the outdated 1837 Mint Act and the bits of legislation passed over the years regarding the mint and coinage. Even in the draft bill, no provision was made for the three-cent silver, though some in Congress wished to retain the coin in anticipation of the <a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">resumption of specie payments</a>. After much debate in Congress, President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> on February 12 of that year. The law abolished the two-cent piece, the trime, the half dime, and the standard silver dollar (later restored in 1878). Carothers calls the abolition of the silver three- and five-cent pieces "a necessity if the 3 cent and 5 cent nickel pieces were to be continued after the revival of silver coinage".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers226–236_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers226–236-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breen deems the decision to eliminate the silver three-cent piece and the half dime, which might have directly competed with the two copper-nickel coins, a favor to industrialist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wharton" title="Joseph Wharton">Joseph Wharton</a>, whose mines produced much of the nickel ore used in their coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen295_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen295-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to numismatist R. W. Julian, the three-cent silver "had played its part well in the U.S. monetary system, but there was no longer any need for it".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian54_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian54-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Large quantities of the three-cent silver, including much of the production from 1863 and later, were held by the treasury and were melted after the coin was deauthorized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the trime was confirmed as fully legal tender by the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a>, which proclaimed all coin and currency of the United States good to any amount for payment of public and private debt, it had long since disappeared from circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen243_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen243-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-cent nickel also went the way of its silver counterpart, and, following years of low mintages and decreasing popularity, it was abolished by the Act of September 26, 1890 along with the gold dollar and <a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">three-dollar piece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein18_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein18-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting">Collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Kevin Flynn and Winston Zack in their book on the three-cent silver, "Lower interest [in the trime] means that it is the type of coin [for] which you can find great deals on pricing, even on dates in which rarity is high."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/R._S._Yeoman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. S. Yeoman">R. S. Yeoman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_Book_of_United_States_Coins" title="A Guide Book of United States Coins">A Guide Book of United States Coins</a></i>, published in 2017, the ones that catalog the highest are the proof issues from before 1858, with the 1854 issue leading the way, listed at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$12,000</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not listed is the 1851 proof trime, of which only one is known, last sold in 2012 for <span style="white-space: nowrap">$172,500</span>, and which once formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eliasberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Eliasberg">Louis Eliasberg</a> collection. Flynn and Zack theorize that this was the specimen viewed by Hodge in approving Longacre's design, as there is no record of its return to the Philadelphia Mint.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack138_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack138-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1873 coin, the trime's final issue, was struck in proof only, and is listed at between <span style="white-space: nowrap">$825</span> and <span style="white-space: nowrap">$2,000</span>, depending on condition. Most U.S. coins of that year were struck with a "close <i>3</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the date, and, following a complaint that the <i>3</i> too closely resembled an eight, an "open <i>3</i>" variety. The three-cent silver exists only as a close <i>3</i>. Of coins struck for circulation, Yeoman's highest listings are for the 1868, at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$11,000</span> in near pristine <a href="/wiki/Coin_grading" title="Coin grading">MS-66</a> condition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack52_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack52-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yeoman lists all three-cent pieces before 1863 at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$40</span> in worn <a href="/wiki/Coin_grading" title="Coin grading">G-4 condition</a>, except the 1851 through 1853 at Philadelphia ($25). All three-cent pieces from 1863 to 1872 are less valuable in proof than in uncirculated MS-63 condition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the mintage of later dates was melted by the Mint after the termination of the series, having already been produced in low numbers in its latter years, thereby increasing scarcity of late trimes yet further.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack17_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack17-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mintages_and_rarity">Mintages and rarity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mintages and rarity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mint_mark" title="Mint mark">mint mark</a> appears on the reverse, to the right of the <i>III</i>, in the opening of the <i>C</i> that encloses it. </p> <ul><li>Blank (Philadelphia Mint in Philadelphia)</li> <li>O (New Orleans Mint in New Orleans, 1851 only)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Mint mark </th> <th>Proofs<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Circulation strikes<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1851 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>5,447,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851 </td> <td>O </td> <td> </td> <td>720,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1852 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>18,663,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1853 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11,400,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1854 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>671,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1855 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>139,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1856 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1,458,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1857 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1,042,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1858 </td> <td> </td> <td>210 </td> <td>1,603,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1859 </td> <td> </td> <td>800 </td> <td>364,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>286,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>497,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1862 </td> <td> </td> <td>550 </td> <td>343,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1863 </td> <td> </td> <td>460 </td> <td>21,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1864 </td> <td> </td> <td>470 </td> <td>12,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1865 </td> <td> </td> <td>500 </td> <td>8,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1866 </td> <td> </td> <td>725 </td> <td>22,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1867 </td> <td> </td> <td>625 </td> <td>4,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1868 </td> <td> </td> <td>600 </td> <td>3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1869 </td> <td> </td> <td>600 </td> <td>4,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>3,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871 </td> <td> </td> <td>960 </td> <td>3,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1872 </td> <td> </td> <td>950 </td> <td>1,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1873 </td> <td> </td> <td>600 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/48px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/64px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/28px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/42px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/56px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Levy" and "fip" were corruptions of their value expressed in early Pennsylvania currency, eleven pence for the levy and five and a half pence for the fip. See <a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, p. 217 n.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congress eventually deprived the Spanish silver coins of legal tender status in 1857 and made them exchangeable for the <a href="/wiki/Flying_eagle_cent" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying eagle cent">flying eagle cent</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes known as a "closed <i>3</i>"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay217–218_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers102–105_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 102–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers106–107-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers106–107_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 106–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack7_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian53-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian53_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian53_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJulian">Julian</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers107–108-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers107–108_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 107–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay218–219-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay218–219_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers108-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers108_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen271-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen271_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen">Breen</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay219–220-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay219–220_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, pp. 219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers109-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers109_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers109_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule191-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule191_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule">Vermeule</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoach2016" class="citation news cs1">Roach, Steve (July 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coinworld.com/news/us-coins/2016/07/philadelphia-mint-some-ugliest-coins-ever.html">"Ugly duckling coins may mark the low points of design, but they have their charm"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Coin_World" title="Coin World">Coin World</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716131922/http://www.coinworld.com/news/us-coins/2016/07/philadelphia-mint-some-ugliest-coins-ever.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coin+World&rft.atitle=Ugly+duckling+coins+may+mark+the+low+points+of+design%2C+but+they+have+their+charm&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinworld.com%2Fnews%2Fus-coins%2F2016%2F07%2Fphiladelphia-mint-some-ugliest-coins-ever.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint38-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint38_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint">Bureau of the Mint</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack155-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack155_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5,_9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5,_9_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, pp. 5, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers111–112-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers111–112_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 111–112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8–9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack8–9_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers122–123-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers122–123_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 122–123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers123-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers123_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein14-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein14_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein">Goldstein</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack9_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers129–136-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers129–136_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 129–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYeoman">Yeoman</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen273-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen273_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen">Breen</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers156–158-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers156–158_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 156–158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJulian54-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian54_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJulian54_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJulian">Julian</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman130–131_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYeoman">Yeoman</a>, pp. 130–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack10_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint48–49-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint48–49_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint">Bureau of the Mint</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarothers226–236-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarothers226–236_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarothers">Carothers</a>, pp. 226–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen295-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen295_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen">Breen</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreen243-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreen243_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBreen">Breen</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein18-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein18_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein">Goldstein</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack5_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack138-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack138_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Coin/Detail/3696?redir=t">"1851 3CS (Proof)"</a>. PCGS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045250/http://www.pcgscoinfacts.com/Coin/Detail/3696?redir=t">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1851+3CS+%28Proof%29&rft.pub=PCGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgscoinfacts.com%2FCoin%2FDetail%2F3696%3Fredir%3Dt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack52-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack52_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack17-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn_&_Zack17_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack">Flynn & Zack</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p><p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen" class="citation book cs1">Breen, Walter (1988). <i>Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins</i>. New York, NY: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-14207-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-14207-6"><bdi>978-0-385-14207-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Breen%27s+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+U.S.+and+Colonial+Coins&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-385-14207-6&rft.aulast=Breen&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of the Mint (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rmtAAAAAYAAJ"><i>Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8109299">8109299</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+United+States+Relating+to+the+Coinage&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8109299&rft.au=Bureau+of+the+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrmtAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarothers" class="citation book cs1">Carothers, Neil (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fractionalmoneyh1930neil"><i>Fractional Money: A History of Small Coins and Fractional Paper Currency of the United States</i></a>. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (reprinted 1988 by Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc., Wolfeboro, NH). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-943161-12-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-943161-12-6"><bdi>0-943161-12-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fractional+Money%3A+A+History+of+Small+Coins+and+Fractional+Paper+Currency+of+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.+%28reprinted+1988+by+Bowers+and+Merena+Galleries%2C+Inc.%2C+Wolfeboro%2C+NH%29&rft.date=1930&rft.isbn=0-943161-12-6&rft.aulast=Carothers&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffractionalmoneyh1930neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn_&_Zack" class="citation book cs1">Flynn, Kevin & Zack, Winston (2010). <i>The Authoritative Reference on Three Cent Silver Coins</i>. Roswell, GA: Kyle Vick. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/770720399">770720399</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Authoritative+Reference+on+Three+Cent+Silver+Coins&rft.place=Roswell%2C+GA&rft.pub=Kyle+Vick&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F770720399&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Zack%2C+Winston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaxay" class="citation book cs1">Taxay, Don (1983). <i>The U.S. Mint and Coinage</i> (reprint of 1966 ed.). New York, NY: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-915262-68-7"><bdi>978-0-915262-68-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+U.S.+Mint+and+Coinage&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=reprint+of+1966&rft.pub=Sanford+J.+Durst+Numismatic+Publications&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-915262-68-7&rft.aulast=Taxay&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeule" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Clarkson_Vermeule_III" title="Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule III">Vermeule, Cornelius</a> (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numismaticartina0000verm"><i>Numismatic Art in America</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3"><bdi>978-0-674-62840-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numismatic+Art+in+America&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-674-62840-3&rft.aulast=Vermeule&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnumismaticartina0000verm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeoman" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Yeoman" title="Richard S. Yeoman">Yeoman, R.S.</a> (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_Book_of_United_States_Coins" title="A Guide Book of United States Coins">A Guide Book of United States Coins</a> (The Official Red Book)</i> (71st ed.). Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-4506-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-4506-3"><bdi>978-0-7948-4506-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+Book+of+United+States+Coins+%28The+Official+Red+Book%29&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+Ga.&rft.edition=71st&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-4506-3&rft.aulast=Yeoman&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, Bruce C. (June 6, 2011). "The Power of 3s". <i>Coin World</i>. Sidney, OH: Amos Press, Inc.: 4–5, 14–15, 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coin+World&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+3s&rft.pages=4-5%2C+14-15%2C+18&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Bruce+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian" class="citation journal cs1">Julian, R. W. (July 1998). "The <i>Trime</i> of Our Lives". <i>Coins</i>. Iola, WI: Krause Publications: 52–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Coins&rft.atitle=The+Trime+of+Our+Lives&rft.pages=52-54&rft.date=1998-07&rft.aulast=Julian&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThree-cent+silver" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template talk:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent (5₥)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_half_cent" title="Liberty Cap half cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1800–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1809–1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Braided Hair</a></i> (1840–1857) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">penny (1¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio (Franklin)</a></i> (1787) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_center_cent" title="Silver center cent">Silver center</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chain_cent" title="Chain cent">Chain</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wreath_cent" title="Wreath cent">Wreath</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_large_cent" title="Liberty Cap large cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1796) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1808–1814) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Matron Head</a></i> (1816–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Braided Hair</a></i> (1839–1857, 1868) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Eagle_cent" title="Flying Eagle cent">Flying Eagle</a></i> (1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head</a></i> (1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln</a></b> (1909–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two cents (2¢)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">Billon</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Bronze</a></i> (1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_piece" title="Three-cent piece">Three cents (3¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silver</a></i> (1851–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">Bronze (Coronet Head)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1863) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Nickel (Liberty Head)</a></i> (1865–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel (5¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a></i> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1797, 1800–1805) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1829–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1866; 1909–1910) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shield_nickel" title="Shield nickel">Shield</a></i> (1866–1883) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head</a></i> (1883–1913) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_nickel" title="Buffalo nickel">Buffalo (Indian Head)</a></i> (1913–1938) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_nickel" title="Jefferson nickel">Jefferson</a></b> (1938–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)#"Disme"_(1792)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Disme</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1809–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury</a></i> (1916–1945) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt</a></b> (1946–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty cents (20¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1875–1878) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1815–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1838–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty</a></i> (1916–1930) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (eagle reverse)</a> (1932–1998) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Washington (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">Washington (50 State)</a> (1999–2008) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories)</a> (2009) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">Washington (America the Beautiful)</a> (2010–2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse)</a> (2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">Washington (American Women)</a></b> (2022–2025) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (Semiquincentennial)</b></i> (2026) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (youth sports)</b></i> (2027–2030) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1807–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1839–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1915) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty</a></i> (1916–1947) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_half_dollar" title="Franklin half dollar">Franklin</a></i> (1948–1963) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy</a></b><sup>c</sup> (1964–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Kennedy (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1776) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair_dollar" title="Flowing Hair dollar">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust_dollar" title="Draped Bust dollar">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–<a href="/wiki/1804_dollar" title="1804 dollar">1804</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gobrecht_dollar" title="Gobrecht dollar">Gobrecht</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Seated_Liberty_dollar" title="Seated Liberty dollar">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1840–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade</a></i> (1873–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_dollar" title="Morgan dollar">Morgan</a></b> (1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Peace_dollar" title="Peace dollar">Peace</a></b> (1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower</a></i> (1971–1978) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Eisenhower (bicentennial)</a></i> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony</a> (1979–1981; 1999) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2000–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins" title="Presidential dollar coins">Presidential</a><sup>c</sup> (2007–2016; 2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Innovation_dollars" title="American Innovation dollars">American Innovation</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2018–2032) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_gold_coins" title="Category:United States gold coins">Gold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Head_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Head gold dollar (page does not exist)">Liberty Head</a></i> (1849–1854) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Princess_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Princess gold dollar (page does not exist)">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle ($2.50)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head_quarter_eagle" title="Classic Head quarter eagle">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_quarter_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head quarter eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1840–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three dollars ($3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle ($5)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_half_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head half eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1839–1908) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle ($10)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1795–1804) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1838–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_eagle" title="Indian Head eagle">Indian Head</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle ($20)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_double_eagle" title="Liberty Head double eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintuple_Stella" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintuple Stella">Quintuple Stella</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">Saint-Gaudens</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Other canceled<br />denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two dollar piece ($2)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">Stella ($4)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879–1880) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">Half union ($50)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1877) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union ($100)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>(<i>italics</i>) Obsolete</li> <li><sup>x</sup> Canceled</li> <li>(<b>bold</b>) Currently in production</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Currently produced for collectors only</li> <li>(<i><b>bold and italics</b></i>) Planned but production not commenced</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete United States currency and coinage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">United States coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="History of the United States dollar">History of the United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled denominations of United States currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a> (1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Two-cent piece</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Three-cent nickel</a> (1865–1889)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three-cent silver</a> (1851–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty-cent piece</a> (1875–1878)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gold_coins" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gold coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar</a> (1849–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle</a> (1796–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Three-dollar piece</a> (1854–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle</a> (1795–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle</a> (1795–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle</a> (1850–1933; 2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_currency" title="Fractional currency">Fractional currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">Large denominations of currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">five-hundred-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">one-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">five-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">ten-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued currency types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency" title="Early American currency">Early American currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_interest_treasury_note" title="Compound interest treasury note">Compound interest treasury note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_Note" title="Federal Reserve Bank Note">Federal Reserve Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_overprint_note" title="Hawaii overprint note">Hawaii overprint note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_bearing_note" title="Interest bearing note">Interest bearing note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Note" title="National Bank Note">National Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gold_Bank_Note" title="National Gold Bank Note">National Gold Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_certificate_(United_States)" title="Silver certificate (United States)">Silver certificate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Series" title="Educational Series">Educational Series</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(1890%E2%80%931891)" title="Treasury Note (1890–1891)">Treasury or Coin Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(19th_century)" title="Treasury Note (19th century)">Treasury Note (19th century)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_postal_notes" title="United States postal notes">United States postal notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_Silver_Certificate" title="Black Eagle Silver Certificate">Black Eagle Silver Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasher_Doubloon" title="Brasher Doubloon">Brasher Doubloon</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnyback" title="Funnyback">Funnyback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monetary_policy_and_central_banking_in_the_United_States_(pre–1913)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)" title="Template:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monetary_policy_and_central_banking_in_the_United_States_(pre–1913)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_monetary_policy_in_the_United_States" title="History of monetary policy in the United States">Monetary policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of central banking in the United States">central banking in the United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">pre–1913</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary policy of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a><br />(1607–1760)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bills_of_credit" title="Bills of credit">Bills of credit</a> (c. 1690–1750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Inspection_Act" title="Tobacco Inspection Act">Tobacco Inspection Act</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Tobacco_Inspection_Act_of_1747" title="Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747">Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency Acts</a> (1751; 1764)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">1st Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1760–1840)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1776–1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Banknotes of the United States dollar">U.S. dollar banknotes</a> (1775–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a> (1775–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Pennsylvania" title="Bank of Pennsylvania">Bank of Pennsylvania</a> (1780–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finance_of_the_United_States" title="Superintendent of Finance of the United States">U.S. Finance Superintendent</a> (1781–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a> (1781–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I of the U.S. Constitution</a> <ul><li>1787–1788; <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury Department</a> <ul><li>1789–1913; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security" title="United States Treasury security">U.S. Treasury security</a> (1789–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a> (1791–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">U.S. dollar coins</a> (1792–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">1792 half disme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(19th_century)" title="Treasury Note (19th century)">Treasury Note</a> (1812–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_Jacksonian_Era" title="Banking in the Jacksonian Era">Banking in the Jacksonian Era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a>, 1816–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Bank" title="Suffolk Bank">Suffolk Bank</a>, 1818–1858</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i>, 1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Fund_System" title="Safety Fund System">New York Safety Fund System</a>, 1829–1842</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">Bank War</a>, 1832–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1834" title="Coinage Act of 1834">Coinage Act of 1834</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">Civil War Era</a><br />(1840–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_banking" title="Free banking">Free banking</a> (1836–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_banking" title="Wildcat banking">Wildcat banking</a> (1836–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forstall_System" title="The Forstall System">Forstall System</a> (1842–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Treasury" title="Independent Treasury">Independent U.S. Treasury</a> (1846–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1849" title="Coinage Act of 1849">Coinage Act of 1849</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Three-cent silver</a> (1851–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1853" title="Coinage Act of 1853">Coinage Act of 1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clearing_House" title="The Clearing House">New York Clearing House Association</a> (1853–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1857" title="Coinage Act of 1857">Coinage Act of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a> (1862–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_currency" title="Fractional currency">Fractional currency</a> (1862–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Bank Acts</a> (1863; 1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_bearing_note" title="Interest bearing note">Interest bearing note</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of central banking in the United States">National banks system</a> (1863–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Note" title="National Bank Note">National Bank Note</a> (1863–c. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificate</a> (1863–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_interest_treasury_note" title="Compound interest treasury note">Compound interest treasury note</a> (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1864" title="Coinage Act of 1864">Coinage Act of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Two-cent piece</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Three-cent nickel</a> (1865–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraction_Act_of_1866" title="Contraction Act of 1866">Contraction Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Credit_Act_of_1869" title="Public Credit Act of 1869">Public Credit Act of 1869</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">2nd Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1870–1914)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a></i> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act_of_1870" title="Currency Act of 1870">Currency Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gold_Bank_Note" title="National Gold Bank Note">National Gold Bank Note</a> (1870–1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knox_v._Lee" title="Knox v. Lee">Knox v. Lee</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">Free silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">Specie Payment Resumption Act</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty-cent piece</a> (1875–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland%E2%80%93Allison_Act" title="Bland–Allison Act">Bland–Allison Act</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_certificate_(United_States)" title="Silver certificate (United States)">Silver certificate</a> (1878–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a> (1879–1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_v._Greenman" title="Juilliard v. Greenman">Juilliard v. Greenman</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Silver_Purchase_Act" title="Sherman Silver Purchase Act">Sherman Silver Purchase Act</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(1890%E2%80%931891)" title="Treasury Note (1890–1891)">Treasury Note</a> (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">Gold Standard Act</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich%E2%80%93Vreeland_Act" title="Aldrich–Vreeland Act">Aldrich–Vreeland Act</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monetary_Commission" title="National Monetary Commission">National Monetary Commission</a> (1909–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&oldid=1239143729">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Three-cent_silver&oldid=1239143729</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1851_introductions" title="Category:1851 introductions">1851 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Three-cent_coins_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Three-cent coins of the United States">Three-cent coins of the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 August 2024, at 15:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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