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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Characteristics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Characteristics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Physical properties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Chemical properties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Compounds </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Compounds subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pertechnetate_and_other_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertechnetate_and_other_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Pertechnetate and other derivatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertechnetate_and_other_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_chalcogenide_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_chalcogenide_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Other chalcogenide derivatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_chalcogenide_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simple_hydride_and_halide_complexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple_hydride_and_halide_complexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Simple hydride and halide complexes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple_hydride_and_halide_complexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordination_and_organometallic_complexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordination_and_organometallic_complexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Coordination and organometallic complexes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordination_and_organometallic_complexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Isotopes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence_and_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence_and_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Occurrence and production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occurrence_and_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Occurrence and production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Occurrence_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fission_waste_product" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fission_waste_product"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Fission waste product </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fission_waste_product-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fission_product_for_commercial_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fission_product_for_commercial_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Fission product for commercial use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fission_product_for_commercial_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_disposal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_disposal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Waste disposal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_disposal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutron_activation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutron_activation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Neutron activation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutron_activation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Particle_accelerators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particle_accelerators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Particle accelerators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particle_accelerators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuclear_medicine_and_biology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_medicine_and_biology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Nuclear medicine and biology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_medicine_and_biology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_and_chemical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_and_chemical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Industrial and chemical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_and_chemical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precautions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Precautions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Technetium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 141 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" > 141 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegnesium" title="Tegnesium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tegnesium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%AD%E1%8A%94%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ቴክኔቲየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴክኔቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="تكنيشيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تكنيشيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnecio" title="Tecnecio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tecnecio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehne%C8%9Biu" title="Tehnețiu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tehnețiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecneciu" title="Tecneciu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tecneciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texnesium" title="Texnesium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Texnesium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kn%C3%A9sium" title="Téknésium – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Téknésium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="টেকনেশিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেকনেশিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Тэхнецый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэхнецый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Тэхнэц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэхнэц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्नीशियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टेक्नीशियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesyo" title="Teknesyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Teknesyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཊེག་ནི་ཤིམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཊེག་ནི་ཤིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tehnecij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetiom" title="Teknetiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Teknetiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecneci" title="Tecneci – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tecneci" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesyo" title="Teknesyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Teknesyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technecium" title="Technecium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Technecium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecneziu" title="Tecneziu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tecneziu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetiwm" title="Technetiwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Technetiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="طيكنيتيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طيكنيتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehneetsium" title="Tehneetsium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tehneetsium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Τεχνήτιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνήτιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnecio" title="Tecnecio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tecnecio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknecio" title="Teknecio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teknecio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknezio" title="Teknezio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teknezio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تکنسیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تکنسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Technétium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnezi" title="Tecnezi – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tecnezi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teicn%C3%A9itiam" title="Teicnéitiam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teicnéitiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87heghnai%C3%A7hum" title="Çheghnaiçhum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çheghnaiçhum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teicnetium" title="Teicnetium – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Teicnetium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnecio" title="Tecnecio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tecnecio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="ટેક્નેશિયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ટેક્નેશિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Технециүм – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Технециүм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%AC" title="테크네튬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테크네튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Տեխնեցիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեխնեցիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्निशियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेक्निशियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tehnecij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknecio" title="Teknecio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Teknecio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknesium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThanyambi" title="UmThanyambi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThanyambi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknet%C3%ADn" title="Teknetín – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Teknetín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnezio" title="Tecnezio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tecnezio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="טכנציום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טכנציום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bk%C9%A9n%C9%9Bs%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Tɛkɩnɛsɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛkɩnɛsɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟೆಕ್ನೀಶಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೆಕ್ನೀಶಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტექნეციუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტექნეციუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetiom" title="Teknetiom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Teknetiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekineti" title="Tekineti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tekineti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcetiel" title="Tcetiel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tcetiel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8knesy%C3%B2m" title="Tèknesyòm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tèknesyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesy%C3%BBm" title="Teknesyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Teknesyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehn%C4%93cijs" title="Tehnēcijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tehnēcijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technecis" title="Technecis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Technecis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnessio" title="Tecnessio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tecnessio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnecii" title="Tehnecii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tehnecii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/runjinme" title="runjinme – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="runjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnesio" title="Tecnesio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tecnesio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techn%C3%A9cium" title="Technécium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Technécium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Технециум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Технециум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ടെക്നീഷ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെക്നീഷ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्नेटियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टेक्नेटियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="تكنيشيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تكنيشيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teknetium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Технеци – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Технеци" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Технеци – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Технеци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="တက္ကနက်တီယမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တက္ကနက်တီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="तेक्नेसियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तेक्नेसियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%8D%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="テクネチウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テクネチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techneetsium" title="Techneetsium – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Techneetsium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Teknesium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecn%C3%A8ci" title="Tecnèci – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tecnèci" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଟେକ୍ନିସିଅମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟେକ୍ନିସିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texnetsiy" title="Texnetsiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Texnetsiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਟੈਕਨੀਸ਼ੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੈਕਨੀਸ਼ੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्नेसियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="टेक्नेसियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ٹیکنیٹیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیکنیٹیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%90%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ټېکنېټيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټېکنېټيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnessi" title="Tecnessi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tecnessi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technet" title="Technet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Technet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tecnécio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techne%C8%9Biu" title="Technețiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Technețiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiqnisyu" title="Tiqnisyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiqnisyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="टेक्नेसियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="टेक्नेसियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecn%C3%A8tziu" title="Tecnètziu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tecnètziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetiumi" title="Teknetiumi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teknetiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnezziu" title="Tecnezziu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tecnezziu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Technetium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techn%C3%A9cium" title="Technécium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Technécium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tehnecij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetiyaam" title="Teknetiyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Teknetiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="تێکنیشیۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێکنیشیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Технецијум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Технецијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnicijum" title="Tehnicijum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tehnicijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teknetium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teknetium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknisyo" title="Teknisyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teknisyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தெக்கினீசியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெக்கினீசியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технеций – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Технеций" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="టెక్నీషియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టెక్నీషియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="เทคนีเชียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทคนีเชียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Технетсий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Технетсий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknesyum" title="Teknesyum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Teknesyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Технецій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Технецій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="ٹیکنیشیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیکنیشیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AE%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A" title="تېخېتىسىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تېخېتىسىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnecii" title="Tehnecii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tehnecii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techneti" title="Techneti – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Techneti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%80" title="鍀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鍀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnesyo" title="Tecnesyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tecnesyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="טעכנעטיום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעכנעטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium – Yoruba" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 43 (Tc)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1158442001">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Technetium, 43Tc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg/220px-Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg/330px-Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg/440px-Technetium-sample-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="526" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">Technetium</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tɛkˈniːʃ(i)əm/</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">tek-NEE-sh(ee-)əm</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">shiny gray metal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mass_number" title="Mass number">Mass number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[97] (data not decisive)<a href="#cite_note-most_stable_isotope-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">Technetium in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8; color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> ↑ Tc ↓ <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> ← technetium → <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data">43</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">group 7</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">period 5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#d-block" title="Block (periodic table)">d-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 4d5 5s2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 13, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2430 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (2157 °C, 3915 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4538 K (4265 °C, 7709 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (at 20° C)</th><td class="infobox-data">98Tc: 11.359 g/cm3 99Tc: 11.475 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">33.29 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">585.2 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24.27 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> (extrapolated)<div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>2727 </td> <td>2998 </td> <td>3324 </td> <td>3726 </td> <td>4234 </td> <td>4894 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: +4, +7 −1,<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a> +1,<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a> +2,<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a> +3,<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a> +5,<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a> +6<a href="#cite_note-GE28-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 1.9 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 686.9<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 1470 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 2850 kJ/mol </li><li> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 136 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">147±7 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">205 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Technetium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Technetium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Technetium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Technetium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Technetium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Technetium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Technetium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of technetium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">from decay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres" title="Close-packing of equal spheres">hexagonal close-packed</a> (hcp) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">hP2</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constants</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for technetium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div>a = 274.12 pm c = 439.90 pm (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8.175×10−6/K (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50.6 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">200 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetic">Paramagnetic</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+270.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> thin rod</th><td class="infobox-data">16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-26-8 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prediction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> (1871)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a> and first isolation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Perrier" title="Carlo Perrier">Carlo Perrier</a> (1937)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes of technetium</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_technetium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox technetium isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_technetium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox technetium isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1">[1]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(t1/2) </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">95mTc </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">61.96 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_plus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta plus decay">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">95Mo </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">IT</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">95Tc </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">96Tc </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">4.28 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">β+ </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum-96" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum-96">96Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">97Tc </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">4.21×106 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">ε </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum-97" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum-97">97Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">97mTc </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">91.1 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">IT </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">97Tc </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">97Mo </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">98Tc </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">4.2×106 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium-98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium-98">98Ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium-99" title="Technetium-99">99Tc</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">trace</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">2.111×105 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">β− </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium-99">99Ru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">99mTc</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">6.01 h </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">IT </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">99Tc </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">β− </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">99Ru </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#99ccff"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Technetium" title="Category:Technetium">Category: Technetium</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_technetium" title="Template:Infobox technetium">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_technetium" title="Template talk:Infobox technetium">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_technetium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox technetium">edit</a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Technetium is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> Tc and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 43. It is the lightest element whose <a href="/wiki/Isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopes">isotopes</a> are all <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a>. Technetium and <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a> are the only radioactive elements whose neighbours in the sense of atomic number are both stable. All available technetium is produced as a <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_element" title="Synthetic element">synthetic element</a>. Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission product</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">uranium ore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> ore (the most common source), or the product of <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> ores. This silvery gray, crystalline <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">transition metal</a> lies between <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">group 7</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a>, and its chemical properties are intermediate between those of both adjacent elements. The most common naturally occurring isotope is 99Tc, in traces only. Many of technetium's properties had been predicted by <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> before it was discovered; Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name <a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">ekamanganese</a> (Em). In 1937, technetium became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek technetos, 'artificial', + <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ium#Suffix" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ium">-ium</a>). One short-lived <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a>–emitting <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">technetium-99m</a>, is used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> for a wide variety of tests, such as bone cancer diagnoses. The ground state of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclide" title="Nuclide">nuclide</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99" title="Technetium-99">technetium-99</a> is used as a gamma ray–free source of <a href="/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle">beta particles</a>. Long-lived <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">technetium isotopes</a> produced commercially are byproducts of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">fission</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactors">nuclear reactors</a> and are extracted from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle" title="Nuclear fuel cycle">nuclear fuel rods</a>. Because even the longest-lived isotope of technetium has a relatively short <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> (4.21 million years), the 1952 detection of technetium in <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giants</a> helped to prove that stars can <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">produce heavier elements</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_assumptions">Early assumptions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early assumptions">edit</a>]</div> From the 1860s through 1871, early forms of the periodic table proposed by <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> contained a gap between <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> (element 42) and <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> (element 44). In 1871, Mendeleev predicted this missing element would occupy the empty place below <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and have similar chemical properties. Mendeleev gave it the provisional name eka-manganese (from eka, the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word for one) because it was one place down from the known element manganese.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_misidentifications">Early misidentifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early misidentifications">edit</a>]</div> Many early researchers, both before and after the periodic table was published, were eager to be the first to discover and name the missing element. Its location in the table suggested that it should be easier to find than other undiscovered elements. This turned out not to be the case, due to technetium's radioactivity. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Claimant </th> <th>Suggested name </th> <th>Actual material </th></tr> <tr> <td>1828 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Osann" title="Gottfried Osann">Gottfried Osann</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polinium">Polinium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1845 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pelopium" title="Pelopium">Pelopium</a><a href="#cite_note-history-origin-8">[7]</a> </td> <td>Niobium–tantalum alloy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1847 </td> <td>R. Hermann </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilmenium" title="Ilmenium">Ilmenium</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a> <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1877 </td> <td>Serge Kern </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davyum" title="Davyum">Davyum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a>–<a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a>–<a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> alloy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1896 </td> <td>Prosper Barrière </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lucium" title="Lucium">Lucium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masataka_Ogawa" title="Masataka Ogawa">Masataka Ogawa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nipponium" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipponium">Nipponium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a>, which was the unknown <a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">dvi</a>-manganese<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-nipponium2022-11">[10]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irreproducible_results">Irreproducible results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Irreproducible results">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_(1904-1945,_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg/220px-Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg/330px-Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg/440px-Periodisches_System_der_Elemente_%281904-1945%2C_now_Gdansk_University_of_Technology%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Periodisches System der Elemente (Periodic system of the elements) (1904–1945, now at the <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_University_of_Technology" title="Gdańsk University of Technology">Gdańsk University of Technology</a>): lack of elements: <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a> 84Po (though discovered as early as in 1898 by <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Maria Sklodowska-Curie</a>), <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a> 85At (1940, in Berkeley), <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">francium</a> 87Fr (1939, in France), neptunium 93Np (1940, in Berkeley) and other <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">actinides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a>. Uses old symbols for: <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> 18Ar (here: A), technetium 43Tc (Ma, masurium), <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> 54Xe (X), <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> 86Rn (Em, emanation).</figcaption></figure> German chemists <a href="/wiki/Walter_Noddack" title="Walter Noddack">Walter Noddack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Berg_(scientist)" title="Otto Berg (scientist)">Otto Berg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ida_Tacke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ida Tacke">Ida Tacke</a> reported the discovery of element 75 and element 43 in 1925, and named element 43 masurium (after <a href="/wiki/Masuria" title="Masuria">Masuria</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the region where Walter Noddack's family originated).<a href="#cite_note-multidict-12">[11]</a> This name caused significant resentment in the scientific community, because it was interpreted as referring to a <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">series</a> of <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">victories</a> of the German army over the Russian army in the Masuria region during World War I; as the Noddacks remained in their academic positions while the Nazis were in power, suspicions and hostility against their claim for discovering element 43 continued.<a href="#cite_note-Scerri-13">[12]</a> The group bombarded <a href="/wiki/Columbite" title="Columbite">columbite</a> with a beam of <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> and deduced element 43 was present by examining <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> emission <a href="/wiki/Spectrogram" title="Spectrogram">spectrograms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001423-14">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> of the X-rays produced is related to the atomic number by a <a href="/wiki/Moseley%27s_law" title="Moseley's law">formula</a> derived by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a> in 1913. The team claimed to detect a faint X-ray signal at a wavelength produced by element 43. Later experimenters could not replicate the discovery, and it was dismissed as an error.<a href="#cite_note-armstrong-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Still, in 1933, a series of articles on the discovery of elements quoted the name masurium for element 43.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Some more recent attempts have been made to rehabilitate the Noddacks' claims, but they are disproved by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kuroda" title="Paul Kuroda">Paul Kuroda</a>'s study on the amount of technetium that could have been present in the ores they studied: it could not have exceeded 3 × 10−11 μg/kg of ore, and thus would have been undetectable by the Noddacks' methods.<a href="#cite_note-Scerri-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_discovery_and_later_history">Official discovery and later history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Official discovery and later history">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_chemical_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of the chemical elements">discovery</a> of element 43 was finally confirmed in a 1937 experiment at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a> in Sicily by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Perrier" title="Carlo Perrier">Carlo Perrier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> In mid-1936, Segrè visited the United States, first <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in New York and then the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> in California. He persuaded <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> inventor <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Lawrence</a> to let him take back some discarded cyclotron parts that had become <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a>. Lawrence mailed him a <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> foil that had been part of the deflector in the cyclotron.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Segrè enlisted his colleague Perrier to attempt to prove, through comparative chemistry, that the molybdenum activity was indeed from an element with the atomic number 43. In 1937, they succeeded in isolating the <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium-95" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium-95">technetium-95m</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technetium-97" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium-97">technetium-97</a>.<a href="#cite_note-segre-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-blocks-22">[21]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement">disputed</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Technetium#First_isotopes_known" title="Talk:Technetium">discuss</a>] <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a> officials wanted them to name their discovery panormium, after the Latin name for <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Panormus. In 1947,<a href="#cite_note-segre-21">[20]</a> element 43 was named after the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word technetos (τεχνητός), meaning 'artificial', since it was the first element to be artificially produced.<a href="#cite_note-history-origin-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-multidict-12">[11]</a> Segrè returned to Berkeley and met <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a>. They isolated the <a href="/wiki/Metastable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastable isotope">metastable isotope</a> <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">technetium-99m</a>, which is now used in some ten million medical diagnostic procedures annually.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In 1952, the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Merrill" title="Paul W. Merrill">Paul W. Merrill</a> in California detected the <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">spectral signature</a> of technetium (specifically <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> of 403.1 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>, 423.8 nm, 426.2 nm, and 429.7 nm) in light from <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification#Class_S" title="Stellar classification">S-type</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> The stars were near the end of their lives but were rich in the short-lived element, which indicated that it was being produced in the stars by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a>. That evidence bolstered the hypothesis that heavier elements are the product of <a href="/wiki/Nucleosynthesis" title="Nucleosynthesis">nucleosynthesis</a> in stars.<a href="#cite_note-blocks-22">[21]</a> More recently, such observations provided evidence that elements are formed by <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> in the <a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">s-process</a>.<a href="#cite_note-s8-25">[24]</a> Since that discovery, there have been many searches in terrestrial materials for natural sources of technetium. In 1962, technetium-99 was isolated and identified in <a href="/wiki/Uraninite" title="Uraninite">pitchblende</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> in very small quantities (about 0.2 ng/kg),<a href="#cite_note-s8-25">[24]</a> where it originates as a <a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_fission" title="Spontaneous fission">spontaneous fission</a> product of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238">uranium-238</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor" title="Natural nuclear fission reactor">natural nuclear fission reactor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oklo" title="Oklo">Oklo</a> contains evidence that significant amounts of technetium-99 were produced and have since decayed into <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium-99">ruthenium-99</a>.<a href="#cite_note-s8-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_properties">Physical properties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical properties">edit</a>]</div> Technetium is a silvery-gray radioactive <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> with an appearance similar to <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, commonly obtained as a gray powder.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">crystal structure</a> of the bulk pure metal is <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal crystal system">hexagonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Close-packed" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-packed">close-packed</a>, and crystal structures of the nanodisperse pure metal are <a href="/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" title="Cubic crystal system">cubic</a>. Nanodisperse technetium does not have a split NMR spectrum,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> while hexagonal bulk technetium has the Tc-99-NMR spectrum split in 9 satellites.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Atomic technetium has characteristic <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">emission lines</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> of 363.3 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>, 403.1 nm, 426.2 nm, 429.7 nm, and 485.3 nm.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> The unit cell parameters of the orthorhombic Tc metal were reported when Tc is contaminated with carbon (a = 0.2805(4), b = 0.4958(8), c = 0.4474(5)·nm for Tc-C with 1.38 wt% C and a = 0.2815(4), b = 0.4963(8), c = 0.4482(5)·nm for Tc-C with 1.96 wt% C ).<a href="#cite_note-carbide-30">[29]</a> The metal form is slightly <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetism" title="Paramagnetism">paramagnetic</a>, meaning its <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">magnetic dipoles</a> align with external <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic fields</a>, but will assume random orientations once the field is removed.<a href="#cite_note-enc-31">[30]</a> Pure, metallic, single-crystal technetium becomes a <a href="/wiki/Type-II_superconductor" title="Type-II superconductor">type-II superconductor</a> at temperatures below 7.46 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (−265.69 °C; −446.24 °F).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200096-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[b]</a> Below this temperature, technetium has a very high <a href="/wiki/London_penetration_depth" title="London penetration depth">magnetic penetration depth</a>, greater than any other element except <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_properties">Chemical properties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemical properties">edit</a>]</div> Technetium is located in the <a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">group 7</a> of the periodic table, between <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>. As predicted by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">periodic law</a>, its chemical properties are between those two elements. Of the two, technetium more closely resembles rhenium, particularly in its chemical inertness and tendency to form <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalent bonds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwoodEarnshaw19971044-35">[33]</a> This is consistent with the tendency of <a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">period 5 elements</a> to resemble their counterparts in period 6 more than period 4 due to the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide_contraction" title="Lanthanide contraction">lanthanide contraction</a>. Unlike manganese, technetium does not readily form <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> with net positive charge). Technetium exhibits nine <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation states</a> from −1 to +7, with +4, +5, and +7 being the most common.<a href="#cite_note-LANL-36">[34]</a> Technetium dissolves in <a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia">aqua regia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, and concentrated <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, but not in <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> of any concentration.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a> Metallic technetium slowly <a href="/wiki/Tarnish" title="Tarnish">tarnishes</a> in moist air<a href="#cite_note-LANL-36">[34]</a> and, in powder form, burns in <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. When reacting with <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> at high pressure, it forms the hydride TcH1.3<a href="#cite_note-Zhou_2023-37">[35]</a> and while reacting with <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> it forms Tc6C,<a href="#cite_note-carbide-30">[29]</a> with cell parameter 0.398 nm, as well as the nanodisperce low-carbon-content carbide with parameter 0.402nm.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Technetium can catalyse the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine">hydrazine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, and this property is due to its multiplicity of valencies.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> This caused a problem in the separation of plutonium from uranium in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">nuclear fuel processing</a>, where hydrazine is used as a protective reductant to keep plutonium in the trivalent rather than the more stable tetravalent state. The problem was exacerbated by the mutually enhanced solvent extraction of technetium and zirconium at the previous stage,<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> and required a process modification. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compounds">Compounds</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Compounds">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertechnetate_and_other_derivatives">Pertechnetate and other derivatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pertechnetate and other derivatives">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pertechnetate" title="Pertechnetate">Pertechnetate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertechnetate1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pertechnetate1.svg/170px-Pertechnetate1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pertechnetate1.svg/255px-Pertechnetate1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Pertechnetate1.svg/340px-Pertechnetate1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="96" /></a><figcaption>Pertechnetate is one of the most available forms of technetium. It is structurally related to <a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a>.</figcaption></figure> The most prevalent form of technetium that is easily accessible is <a href="/wiki/Sodium_pertechnetate" title="Sodium pertechnetate">sodium pertechnetate</a>, Na[TcO4]. The majority of this material is produced by radioactive decay from [99MoO4]2−:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000127–136-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-nuclmed-42">[40]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent">[99MoO4]2− → [99mTcO4]− + e−</div> <a href="/wiki/Pertechnetate" title="Pertechnetate">Pertechnetate</a> (TcO− 4) is only weakly hydrated in aqueous solutions,<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> and it behaves analogously to perchlorate anion, both of which are <a href="/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Tetrahedral molecular geometry">tetrahedral</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Permanganate" title="Permanganate">permanganate</a> (MnO− 4), it is only a weak <a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_agent" title="Oxidizing agent">oxidizing agent</a>. Related to pertechnetate is <a href="/wiki/Technetium(VII)_oxide" title="Technetium(VII) oxide">technetium heptoxide</a>. This pale-yellow, volatile solid is produced by oxidation of Tc metal and related precursors: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">4 Tc + 7 O2 → 2 Tc2O7</div> It is a molecular metal oxide, analogous to <a href="/wiki/Manganese_heptoxide" title="Manganese heptoxide">manganese heptoxide</a>. It adopts a <a href="/wiki/Centrosymmetry" title="Centrosymmetry">centrosymmetric</a> structure with two types of Tc−O bonds with 167 and 184 pm bond lengths.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Technetium heptoxide hydrolyzes to pertechnetate and <a href="/wiki/Pertechnetic_acid" title="Pertechnetic acid">pertechnetic acid</a>, depending on the pH:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000127-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Tc2O7 + 2 OH− → 2 TcO4− + H2O</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Tc2O7 + H2O → 2 HTcO4</div> HTcO4 is a strong acid. In concentrated <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, [TcO4]− converts to the octahedral form TcO3(OH)(H2O)2, the conjugate base of the hypothetical tri<a href="/wiki/Aquo_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquo complex">aquo complex</a> [TcO3(H2O)3]+.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_chalcogenide_derivatives">Other chalcogenide derivatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other chalcogenide derivatives">edit</a>]</div> Technetium forms a <a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_oxide" title="Technetium(IV) oxide">dioxide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000108-48">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal_dichalcogenide" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal dichalcogenide">disulfide</a>, di<a href="/wiki/Selenide" title="Selenide">selenide</a>, and di<a href="/wiki/Telluride_(chemistry)" title="Telluride (chemistry)">telluride</a>. An ill-defined Tc2S7 forms upon treating <a href="/wiki/Pertechnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertechnate">pertechnate</a> with hydrogen sulfide. It thermally decomposes into disulfide and elemental sulfur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000112–113-49">[47]</a> Similarly the dioxide can be produced by reduction of the Tc2O7. Unlike the case for rhenium, a trioxide has not been isolated for technetium. However, TcO3 has been identified in the gas phase using <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simple_hydride_and_halide_complexes">Simple hydride and halide complexes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Simple hydride and halide complexes">edit</a>]</div> Technetium forms the complex TcH2− 9. The potassium salt is <a href="/wiki/Isostructural" title="Isostructural">isostructural</a> with <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nonahydridorhenate" title="Potassium nonahydridorhenate">ReH2− 9</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000146-51">[49]</a> At high pressure formation of TcH1.3 from elements was also reported.<a href="#cite_note-Zhou_2023-37">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png/220px-Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png/330px-Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png/440px-Zirconium-tetrachloride-3D-balls-A.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>TcCl4 forms chain-like structures, similar to the behavior of several other metal tetrachlorides.</figcaption></figure> The following binary (containing only two elements) technetium halides are known: <a href="/wiki/TcF6" class="mw-redirect" title="TcF6">TcF6</a>, TcF5, <a href="/wiki/TcCl4" class="mw-redirect" title="TcCl4">TcCl4</a>, TcBr4, TcBr3, α-TcCl3, β-TcCl3, TcI3, α-TcCl2, and β-TcCl2. The <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation states</a> range from Tc(VI) to Tc(II). Technetium halides exhibit different structure types, such as molecular octahedral complexes, extended chains, layered sheets, and metal clusters arranged in a three-dimensional network.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-AS-53">[51]</a> These compounds are produced by combining the metal and halogen or by less direct reactions. TcCl4 is obtained by chlorination of Tc metal or Tc2O7. Upon heating, TcCl4 gives the corresponding Tc(III) and Tc(II) chlorides.<a href="#cite_note-AS-53">[51]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">TcCl4 → α-TcCl3 + 1/2 Cl2</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">TcCl3 → β-TcCl2 + 1/2 Cl2</div> The structure of TcCl4 is composed of infinite zigzag chains of edge-sharing TcCl6 octahedra. It is isomorphous to transition metal tetrachlorides of <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">hafnium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AS-53">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_(Tc-99).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg/220px-Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg/330px-Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg/440px-Chloro-containing_coordination_complexes_of_technetium_%28Tc-99%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Chloro-containing coordination complexes of technetium (99Tc) in various oxidation states: Tc(III), Tc(IV), Tc(V), and Tc(VI) represented.</figcaption></figure> Two polymorphs of <a href="/wiki/Technetium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium trichloride">technetium trichloride</a> exist, α- and β-TcCl3. The α polymorph is also denoted as Tc3Cl9. It adopts a confacial <a href="/wiki/Octahedral_molecular_geometry#Bioctahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Octahedral molecular geometry">bioctahedral structure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> It is prepared by treating the chloro-acetate Tc2(O2CCH3)4Cl2 with HCl. Like <a href="/wiki/Trirhenium_nonachloride" title="Trirhenium nonachloride">Re3Cl9</a>, the structure of the α-polymorph consists of triangles with short M-M distances. β-TcCl3 features octahedral Tc centers, which are organized in pairs, as seen also for <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum trichloride">molybdenum trichloride</a>. TcBr3 does not adopt the structure of either trichloride phase. Instead it has the structure of <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_tribromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum tribromide">molybdenum tribromide</a>, consisting of chains of confacial octahedra with alternating short and long Tc—Tc contacts. TcI3 has the same structure as the high temperature phase of <a href="/wiki/Titanium(III)_iodide" title="Titanium(III) iodide">TiI3</a>, featuring chains of confacial octahedra with equal Tc—Tc contacts.<a href="#cite_note-AS-53">[51]</a> Several anionic technetium halides are known. The binary tetrahalides can be converted to the hexahalides [TcX6]2− (X = F, Cl, Br, I), which adopt <a href="/wiki/Octahedral_molecular_geometry" title="Octahedral molecular geometry">octahedral molecular geometry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-s8-25">[24]</a> More reduced halides form anionic clusters with Tc–Tc bonds. The situation is similar for the related elements of Mo, W, Re. These clusters have the nuclearity Tc4, Tc6, Tc8, and Tc13. The more stable Tc6 and Tc8 clusters have prism shapes where vertical pairs of Tc atoms are connected by triple bonds and the planar atoms by single bonds. Every technetium atom makes six bonds, and the remaining valence electrons can be saturated by one axial and two <a href="/wiki/Bridging_ligand" title="Bridging ligand">bridging ligand</a> halogen atoms such as <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordination_and_organometallic_complexes">Coordination and organometallic complexes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Coordination and organometallic complexes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tc_CNCH2CMe2(OMe)_6Cation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png/220px-Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png/330px-Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png/440px-Tc_CNCH2CMe2%28OMe%29_6Cation.png 2x" data-file-width="1018" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_sestamibi" title="Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi">Technetium (99mTc) sestamibi</a> ("Cardiolite") is widely used for imaging of the heart.</figcaption></figure> Technetium forms a variety of <a href="/wiki/Coordination_complex" title="Coordination complex">coordination complexes</a> with organic ligands. Many have been well-investigated because of their relevance to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Technetium forms a variety of compounds with Tc–C bonds, i.e. organotechnetium complexes. Prominent members of this class are complexes with CO, arene, and cyclopentadienyl ligands.<a href="#cite_note-Alberto-57">[55]</a> The binary carbonyl Tc2(CO)10 is a white volatile solid.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> In this molecule, two technetium atoms are bound to each other; each atom is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Octahedron" title="Octahedron">octahedra</a> of five carbonyl ligands. The bond length between technetium atoms, 303 pm,<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> is significantly larger than the distance between two atoms in metallic technetium (272 pm). Similar <a href="/wiki/Carbonyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyl">carbonyls</a> are formed by technetium's <a href="/wiki/Congener_(chemistry)" title="Congener (chemistry)">congeners</a>, manganese and rhenium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000286,_328-61">[59]</a> Interest in organotechnetium compounds has also been motivated by applications in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alberto-57">[55]</a> Technetium also forms aquo-carbonyl complexes, one prominent complex being [Tc(CO)3(H2O)3]+, which are unusual compared to other metal carbonyls.<a href="#cite_note-Alberto-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes of technetium</a></div> Technetium, with <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> Z = 43, is the lowest-numbered element in the periodic table for which all isotopes are <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a>. The second-lightest exclusively radioactive element, <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a>, has atomic number 61.<a href="#cite_note-LANL-36">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">Atomic nuclei</a> with an odd number of <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a> are less stable than those with even numbers, even when the total number of <a href="/wiki/Nucleon" title="Nucleon">nucleons</a> (protons + <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a>) is even,<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> and odd numbered elements have fewer stable <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a>. The most stable <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radioactive isotopes</a> are technetium-97 with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 4.21±0.16 million years and technetium-98 with 4.2±0.3 million years; current measurements of their half-lives give overlapping <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence intervals</a> corresponding to one <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> and therefore do not allow a definite assignment of technetium's most stable isotope. The next most stable isotope is technetium-99, which has a half-life of 211,100 years.<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1">[1]</a> Thirty-four other radioisotopes have been characterized with <a href="/wiki/Mass_number" title="Mass number">mass numbers</a> ranging from 86 to 122.<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1">[1]</a> Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour, the exceptions being technetium-93 (2.73 hours), technetium-94 (4.88 hours), technetium-95 (20 hours), and technetium-96 (4.3 days).<a href="#cite_note-CRCisotopes-63">[61]</a> The primary <a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">decay mode</a> for isotopes lighter than technetium-98 (98Tc) is <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a>, producing <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> (Z = 42).<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-64">[62]</a> For technetium-98 and heavier isotopes, the primary mode is <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta emission</a> (the emission of an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> or <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a>), producing <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> (Z = 44), with the exception that technetium-100 can decay both by beta emission and electron capture.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> Technetium also has numerous <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomers</a>, which are isotopes with one or more <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">excited</a> nucleons. Technetium-97m (97mTc; "m" stands for <a href="/wiki/Metastability" title="Metastability">metastability</a>) is the most stable, with a half-life of 91 days and <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">excitation energy</a> 0.0965 MeV.<a href="#cite_note-CRCisotopes-63">[61]</a> This is followed by technetium-95m (61 days, 0.03 MeV), and technetium-99m (6.01 hours, 0.142 MeV).<a href="#cite_note-CRCisotopes-63">[61]</a> Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a major product of the fission of uranium-235 (235U), making it the most common and most readily available isotope of technetium. One gram of technetium-99 produces 6.2 × 108 disintegrations per second (in other words, the <a href="/wiki/Specific_activity" title="Specific activity">specific activity</a> of 99Tc is 0.62 G<a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a>/g).<a href="#cite_note-enc-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_production">Occurrence and production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Occurrence and production">edit</a>]</div> Technetium occurs naturally in the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a> in minute concentrations of about 0.003 parts per trillion. Technetium is so rare because the <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-lives</a> of 97Tc and 98Tc are only 4.2 million years. More than a thousand of such periods have passed since the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, so the probability of survival of even one atom of <a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a> technetium is effectively zero. However, small amounts exist as spontaneous <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission products</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">uranium ores</a>. A kilogram of uranium contains an estimated 1 <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)" title="Orders of magnitude (mass)">nanogram</a> (10−9 g) equivalent to ten trillion atoms of technetium.<a href="#cite_note-blocks-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Red_giant" title="Red giant">red giant</a> stars with the spectral types S-, M-, and N display a spectral absorption line indicating the presence of technetium.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> These red giants are known informally as <a href="/wiki/Technetium_star" title="Technetium star">technetium stars</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fission_waste_product">Fission waste product</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fission waste product">edit</a>]</div> In contrast to the rare natural occurrence, bulk quantities of technetium-99 are produced each year from <a href="/wiki/Spent_nuclear_fuel" title="Spent nuclear fuel">spent nuclear fuel rods</a>, which contain various fission products. The fission of a gram of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235">uranium-235</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a> yields 27 mg of technetium-99, giving technetium a <a href="/wiki/Fission_product_yield" title="Fission product yield">fission product yield</a> of 6.1%.<a href="#cite_note-enc-31">[30]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/Fissile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fissile">fissile</a> isotopes produce similar yields of technetium, such as 4.9% from <a href="/wiki/Uranium-233" title="Uranium-233">uranium-233</a> and 6.21% from <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239">plutonium-239</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000374–404-69">[67]</a> An estimated 49,000 T<a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a> (78 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a>) of technetium was produced in nuclear reactors between 1983 and 1994, by far the dominant source of terrestrial technetium.<a href="#cite_note-yoshihara-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-leon-71">[69]</a> Only a fraction of the production is used commercially.<a href="#cite_note-72">[c]</a> Technetium-99 is produced by the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a> of both uranium-235 and plutonium-239. It is therefore present in <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout">nuclear fallout</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">fission bomb</a> explosions. Its decay, measured in <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerels</a> per amount of spent fuel, is the dominant contributor to nuclear waste radioactivity after about 104~106 years after the creation of the nuclear waste.<a href="#cite_note-yoshihara-70">[68]</a> From 1945–1994, an estimated 160 T<a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a> (about 250 kg) of technetium-99 was released into the environment during atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear test">nuclear tests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-yoshihara-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> The amount of technetium-99 from nuclear reactors released into the environment up to 1986 is on the order of 1000 TBq (about 1600 kg), primarily by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_reprocessing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear fuel reprocessing">nuclear fuel reprocessing</a>; most of this was discharged into the sea. Reprocessing methods have reduced emissions since then, but as of 2005 the primary release of technetium-99 into the environment is by the <a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> plant, which released an estimated 550 TBq (about 900 kg) from 1995 to 1999 into the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leon-71">[69]</a> From 2000 onwards the amount has been limited by regulation to 90 TBq (about 140 kg) per year.<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Discharge of technetium into the sea resulted in contamination of some seafood with minuscule quantities of this element. For example, <a href="/wiki/European_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="European lobster">European lobster</a> and fish from west <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> contain about 1 Bq/kg of technetium.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fission_product_for_commercial_use">Fission product for commercial use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fission product for commercial use">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Metastability" title="Metastability">metastable</a> isotope technetium-99m is continuously produced as a <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission product</a> from the fission of uranium or <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>: <math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^{238}_{92}U ->[{\ce {sf}}] ^{137}_{53}I + ^{99}_{39}Y + 2^{1}_{0}n}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>U</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>92</mn> <mn>238</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>sf</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>I</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>53</mn> <mn>137</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo>+</mo> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Y</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>39</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>n</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^{238}_{92}U ->[{\ce {sf}}] ^{137}_{53}I + ^{99}_{39}Y + 2^{1}_{0}n}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69e432873016029d0ca91cbd92c76fc15631fd66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.293ex; width:24.636ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^{238}_{92}U ->[{\ce {sf}}] ^{137}_{53}I + ^{99}_{39}Y + 2^{1}_{0}n}}}"> <math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^{99}_{39}Y ->[\beta^-][1.47\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{40}Zr ->[\beta^-][2.1\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{41}Nb ->[\beta^-][15.0\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{42}Mo ->[\beta^-][65.94\,{\ce {h}}] ^{99}_{43}Tc ->[\beta^-][211,100\,{\ce {y}}] ^{99}_{44}Ru}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Y</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>39</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>1.47</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Zr</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>40</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>2.1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Nb</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>41</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>15.0</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Mo</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>42</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>65.94</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>h</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Tc</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>43</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mn>211</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>y</mtext> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mo>−</mo> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Ru</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <mn>44</mn> <mn>99</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^{99}_{39}Y ->[\beta^-][1.47\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{40}Zr ->[\beta^-][2.1\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{41}Nb ->[\beta^-][15.0\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{42}Mo ->[\beta^-][65.94\,{\ce {h}}] ^{99}_{43}Tc ->[\beta^-][211,100\,{\ce {y}}] ^{99}_{44}Ru}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33a9d13cb741fa5c8efce11540847d7deac9654b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.079ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.592ex; width:62.84ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^{99}_{39}Y ->[\beta^-][1.47\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{40}Zr ->[\beta^-][2.1\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{41}Nb ->[\beta^-][15.0\,{\ce {s}}] ^{99}_{42}Mo ->[\beta^-][65.94\,{\ce {h}}] ^{99}_{43}Tc ->[\beta^-][211,100\,{\ce {y}}] ^{99}_{44}Ru}}}"> Because used fuel is allowed to stand for several years before reprocessing, all molybdenum-99 and technetium-99m is decayed by the time that the fission products are separated from the major <a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">actinides</a> in conventional <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">nuclear reprocessing</a>. The liquid left after plutonium–uranium extraction (<a href="/wiki/PUREX" title="PUREX">PUREX</a>) contains a high concentration of technetium as TcO− 4 but almost all of this is technetium-99, not technetium-99m.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200039-79">[75]</a> The vast majority of the technetium-99m used in medical work is produced by irradiating dedicated <a href="/wiki/Enriched_uranium#Highly_enriched_uranium_(HEU)" title="Enriched uranium">highly enriched uranium</a> targets in a reactor, extracting molybdenum-99 from the targets in reprocessing facilities,<a href="#cite_note-nuclmed-42">[40]</a> and recovering at the diagnostic center the technetium-99m produced upon decay of molybdenum-99.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> Molybdenum-99 in the form of molybdate MoO2− 4 is <a href="/wiki/Adsorption" title="Adsorption">adsorbed</a> onto acid alumina (Al 2O 3) in a <a href="/wiki/Radiation_shielding" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation shielding">shielded</a> <a href="/wiki/Column_chromatography" title="Column chromatography">column chromatograph</a> inside a <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m_generator" title="Technetium-99m generator">technetium-99m generator</a> ("technetium cow", also occasionally called a "molybdenum cow"). Molybdenum-99 has a half-life of 67 hours, so short-lived technetium-99m (half-life: 6 hours), which results from its decay, is being constantly produced.<a href="#cite_note-blocks-22">[21]</a> The soluble <a href="/wiki/Pertechnetate" title="Pertechnetate">pertechnetate</a> TcO− 4 can then be chemically extracted by <a href="/wiki/Elution" title="Elution">elution</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Saline_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Saline solution">saline solution</a>. A drawback of this process is that it requires targets containing uranium-235, which are subject to the security precautions of fissile materials.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg/170px-First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg/255px-First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg/340px-First_technetium-99m_generator_-_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m_generator" title="Technetium-99m generator">technetium-99m generator</a>, unshielded, 1958. A Tc-99m <a href="/wiki/Pertechnetate" title="Pertechnetate">pertechnetate</a> solution is being eluted from Mo-99 <a href="/wiki/Molybdate" title="Molybdate">molybdate</a> bound to a chromatographic substrate</figcaption></figure> Almost two-thirds of the world's supply comes from two reactors; the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Universal_Reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Universal Reactor">National Research Universal Reactor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chalk_River_Laboratories" title="Chalk River Laboratories">Chalk River Laboratories</a> in Ontario, Canada, and the <a href="/wiki/Petten_nuclear_reactor" title="Petten nuclear reactor">High Flux Reactor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Research_and_Consultancy_Group" title="Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group">Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group</a> in Petten, Netherlands. All major reactors that produce technetium-99m were built in the 1960s and are close to the <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end of life</a>. The two new Canadian <a href="/wiki/Multipurpose_Applied_Physics_Lattice_Experiment" title="Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment">Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment</a> reactors planned and built to produce 200% of the demand of technetium-99m relieved all other producers from building their own reactors. With the cancellation of the already tested reactors in 2008, the future supply of technetium-99m became problematic.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waste_disposal">Waste disposal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Waste disposal">edit</a>]</div> The long half-life of technetium-99 and its potential to form <a href="/wiki/Anionic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anionic">anionic</a> species creates a major concern for long-term <a href="/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management" title="High-level radioactive waste management">disposal of radioactive waste</a>. Many of the processes designed to remove fission products in reprocessing plants aim at <a href="/wiki/Cationic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cationic">cationic</a> species such as <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Caesium-137" title="Caesium-137">caesium-137</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Strontium-90" title="Strontium-90">strontium-90</a>). Hence the pertechnetate escapes through those processes. Current disposal options favor <a href="/wiki/Geological_repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological repository">burial</a> in continental, geologically stable rock. The primary danger with such practice is the likelihood that the waste will contact water, which could leach radioactive contamination into the environment. The anionic pertechnetate and <a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">iodide</a> tend not to adsorb into the surfaces of minerals, and are likely to be washed away. By comparison <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> tend to bind to soil particles. Technetium could be immobilized by some environments, such as microbial activity in lake bottom sediments,<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_chemistry" title="Environmental chemistry">environmental chemistry</a> of technetium is an area of active research.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> An alternative disposal method, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" title="Nuclear transmutation">transmutation</a>, has been demonstrated at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> for technetium-99. In this process, the technetium (technetium-99 as a metal target) is bombarded with <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> to form the short-lived technetium-100 (half-life = 16 seconds) which decays by beta decay to stable <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a>-100. If recovery of usable ruthenium is a goal, an extremely pure technetium target is needed; if small traces of the <a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">minor actinides</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">americium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">curium</a> are present in the target, they are likely to undergo fission and form more <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission products</a> which increase the radioactivity of the irradiated target. The formation of ruthenium-106 (half-life 374 days) from the 'fresh fission' is likely to increase the activity of the final ruthenium metal, which will then require a longer cooling time after irradiation before the ruthenium can be used.<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> The actual separation of technetium-99 from spent nuclear fuel is a long process. During <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">fuel reprocessing</a>, it comes out as a component of the highly radioactive waste liquid. After sitting for several years, the radioactivity reduces to a level where extraction of the long-lived isotopes, including technetium-99, becomes feasible. A series of chemical processes yields technetium-99 metal of high purity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200087–96-88">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutron_activation">Neutron activation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Neutron activation">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum-99" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum-99">Molybdenum-99</a>, which decays to form technetium-99m, can be formed by the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_activation" title="Neutron activation">neutron activation</a> of molybdenum-98.<a href="#cite_note-IAEA_TECDOC-1340-89">[85]</a> When needed, other technetium isotopes are not produced in significant quantities by fission, but are manufactured by neutron irradiation of parent isotopes (for example, technetium-97 can be made by neutron irradiation of <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium-96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium-96">ruthenium-96</a>).<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Particle_accelerators">Particle accelerators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Particle accelerators">edit</a>]</div> The feasibility of technetium-99m production with the 22-MeV-proton bombardment of a molybdenum-100 target in medical cyclotrons following the reaction 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc was demonstrated in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> The recent shortages of medical technetium-99m reignited the interest in its production by proton bombardment of isotopically enriched (>99.5%) molybdenum-100 targets.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-20150530-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> Other techniques are being investigated for obtaining molybdenum-99 from molybdenum-100 via (n,2n) or (γ,n) reactions in particle accelerators.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_medicine_and_biology">Nuclear medicine and biology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Nuclear medicine and biology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">Technetium-99m</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basedow-vor-nach-RIT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Upper image: two drop-like features merged at their bottoms; they have a yellow centre and a red rim on a black background. Caption: Graves' Disease Tc-Uptake 16%. Lower image: red dots on black background. Caption: 250 Gy (30mCi) + Prednison." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Basedow-vor-nach-RIT.jpg/170px-Basedow-vor-nach-RIT.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Basedow-vor-nach-RIT.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Technetium <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">scintigraphy</a> of a neck of <a href="/wiki/Graves%27_disease" title="Graves' disease">Graves' disease</a> patient</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">Technetium-99m</a> ("m" indicates that this is a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer#Metastable_isomers" title="Nuclear isomer">metastable</a> nuclear isomer) is used in radioactive isotope <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">medical tests</a>. For example, technetium-99m is a <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_tracer" title="Radioactive tracer">radioactive tracer</a> that medical imaging equipment tracks in the human body.<a href="#cite_note-blocks-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20150530-92">[88]</a> It is well suited to the role because it emits readily detectable 140 <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">keV</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a>, and its half-life is 6.01 hours (meaning that about 94% of it decays to technetium-99 in 24 hours).<a href="#cite_note-enc-31">[30]</a> The chemistry of technetium allows it to be bound to a variety of biochemical compounds, each of which determines how it is metabolized and deposited in the body, and this single isotope can be used for a multitude of diagnostic tests. More than 50 common <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiopharmaceuticals">radiopharmaceuticals</a> are based on technetium-99m for imaging and functional studies of the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a>, heart muscle, <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Human lung">lungs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_skeleton" title="Human skeleton">skeleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000414-97">[93]</a> The longer-lived isotope, technetium-95m with a half-life of 61 days, is used as a <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_tracer" title="Radioactive tracer">radioactive tracer</a> to study the movement of technetium in the environment and in plant and animal systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200012–27-98">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_and_chemical">Industrial and chemical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Industrial and chemical">edit</a>]</div> Technetium-99 decays almost entirely by beta decay, emitting beta particles with consistent low energies and no accompanying gamma rays. Moreover, its long half-life means that this emission decreases very slowly with time. It can also be extracted to a high chemical and isotopic purity from radioactive waste. For these reasons, it is a <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) standard beta emitter, and is used for equipment calibration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200087-99">[95]</a> Technetium-99 has also been proposed for optoelectronic devices and <a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">nanoscale</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear battery">nuclear batteries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> Like <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a>, technetium can serve as a <a href="/wiki/Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst">catalyst</a>. In processes such as the <a href="/wiki/Dehydrogenation" title="Dehydrogenation">dehydrogenation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol" title="Isopropyl alcohol">isopropyl alcohol</a>, it is a far more effective catalyst than either rhenium or palladium. However, its radioactivity is a major problem in safe catalytic applications.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200087–90-101">[97]</a> When steel is immersed in water, adding a small concentration (55 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per notation">ppm</a>) of potassium pertechnetate(VII) to the water protects the <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> from corrosion,<a href="#cite_note-:0-102">[98]</a> even if the temperature is raised to 250 °C (523 K).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001425-103">[99]</a> For this reason, pertechnetate has been used as an anodic <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a> inhibitor for steel, although technetium's radioactivity poses problems that limit this application to self-contained systems.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> While (for example) CrO2− 4 can also inhibit corrosion, it requires a concentration ten times as high. In one experiment, a specimen of carbon steel was kept in an aqueous solution of pertechnetate for 20 years and was still uncorroded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001425-103">[99]</a> The mechanism by which pertechnetate prevents corrosion is not well understood, but seems to involve the reversible formation of a thin surface layer (<a href="/wiki/Passivation_(chemistry)" title="Passivation (chemistry)">passivation</a>). One theory holds that the pertechnetate reacts with the steel surface to form a layer of <a href="/wiki/Technetium_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium dioxide">technetium dioxide</a> which prevents further corrosion; the same effect explains how iron powder can be used to remove pertechnetate from water. The effect disappears rapidly if the concentration of pertechnetate falls below the minimum concentration or if too high a concentration of other ions is added.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200091-105">[101]</a> As noted, the radioactive nature of technetium (3 MBq/L at the concentrations required) makes this corrosion protection impractical in almost all situations.<a href="#cite_note-:0-102">[98]</a> Nevertheless, corrosion protection by pertechnetate ions was proposed (but never adopted) for use in <a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">boiling water reactors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200091-105">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precautions">Precautions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Precautions">edit</a>]</div> Technetium plays no natural biological role and is not normally found in the human body.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a> Technetium is produced in quantity by nuclear fission, and spreads more readily than many radionuclides. It appears to have low chemical toxicity. For example, no significant change in blood formula, body and organ weights, and food consumption could be detected for rats which ingested up to 15 μg of technetium-99 per gram of food for several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> In the body, technetium quickly gets converted to the stable TcO− 4 ion, which is highly water-soluble and quickly excreted. The radiological toxicity of technetium (per unit of mass) is a function of compound, type of radiation for the isotope in question, and the isotope's half-life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau2000371–381-107">[103]</a> All isotopes of technetium must be handled carefully. The most common isotope, technetium-99, is a weak beta emitter; such radiation is stopped by the walls of laboratory glassware. The primary hazard when working with technetium is inhalation of dust; such <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">radioactive contamination</a> in the lungs can pose a significant cancer risk. For most work, careful handling in a <a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">fume hood</a> is sufficient, and a <a href="/wiki/Glove_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Glove box">glove box</a> is not needed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200040-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-most_stable_isotope-2"><a href="#cite_ref-most_stable_isotope_2-0">^</a> The most stable isotope of technetium cannot be determined based on existing data due to overlapping measurement uncertainties for the half-lives of the two longest-lived isotopes. The half-life of 97Tc with an uncertainty corresponding to one <a href="/wiki/Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">standard deviation</a> is 4.21±0.16 million years, while that for 98Tc is 4.2±0.3 million years; these measurements have overlapping <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence intervals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Irregular crystals and trace impurities raise this transition temperature to 11.2 K for 99.9% pure technetium powder.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwochau200096-32">[31]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> As of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit">[update]</a>, technetium-99 in the form of <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_pertechnetate" title="Ammonium pertechnetate">ammonium pertechnetate</a> is available to holders of an <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> permit.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHammond2004[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-26">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">anaerobic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endospore" title="Endospore">spore</a>-forming <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Clostridium" title="Clostridium">Clostridium</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> are able to reduce Tc(VII) to Tc(IV). Clostridia bacteria play a role in reducing iron, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, and uranium, thereby affecting these elements' solubility in soil and sediments. Their ability to reduce technetium may determine a large part of mobility of technetium in industrial wastes and other subsurface environments.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. 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Boca Raton, FL: CRC press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9"><bdi>978-0-8493-0485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Elements&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.edition=81st&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche81lide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScerri2013" class="citation book cs1">Scerri, Eric (2013). A Tale of Seven Elements. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195391312" title="Special:BookSources/9780195391312"><bdi>9780195391312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Seven+Elements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780195391312&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwochau2000" class="citation book cs1">Schwochau, K. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BHjxH8q9iukC&pg=PP1">Technetium: Chemistry and radiopharmaceutical applications</a>. Weinheim, DE: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-29496-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-527-29496-1"><bdi>978-3-527-29496-1</bdi></a> – via Google books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technetium%3A+Chemistry+and+radiopharmaceutical+applications&rft.place=Weinheim%2C+DE&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-527-29496-1&rft.aulast=Schwochau&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBHjxH8q9iukC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Technetium" class="extiw" title="commons:Technetium">Technetium</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoppinLiljenzinRydberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Choppin, G.; <a href="/wiki/Jan-Olov_Liljenzin" title="Jan-Olov Liljenzin">Liljenzin, J.-O.</a>; Rydberg, J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Pr7aMRxLZ8C&pg=RA1-PA41">"Nuclear Mass and Stability"</a>. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry (3rd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 41–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-7463-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-7463-8"><bdi>978-0-7506-7463-8</bdi></a> – via Google books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nuclear+Mass+and+Stability&rft.btitle=Radiochemistry+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.pages=41-57&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-7463-8&rft.aulast=Choppin&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Liljenzin%2C+J.-O.&rft.au=Rydberg%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Pr7aMRxLZ8C%26pg%3DRA1-PA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottonWilkinsonMurilloBochmann1999" class="citation book cs1">Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C.A.; Bochmann, M. (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-19957-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-19957-1"><bdi>978-0-471-19957-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-471-19957-1&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=F.A.&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+G.&rft.au=Murillo%2C+C.A.&rft.au=Bochmann%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScerri2007" class="citation book cs1">Scerri, E.R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer">The Periodic Table: Its story and its significance</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530573-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530573-9"><bdi>978-0-19-530573-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Periodic+Table%3A+Its+story+and+its+significance&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530573-9&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=E.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperiodictableits0000scer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1966" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, B.J., ed. (1966). The Radiochemical Manual (2nd ed.). AEA Technology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7058-1768-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7058-1768-4"><bdi>978-0-7058-1768-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radiochemical+Manual&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=AEA+Technology&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-7058-1768-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Tc.html">"Technetium"</a>. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. Retrieved 1 December 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EnvironmentalChemistry.com&rft.atitle=Technetium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvironmentalchemistry.com%2Fyogi%2Fperiodic%2FTc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428124450/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/index.jsp">Nuclide chart</a> (Report). National Nuclear Data Center. Brookhaven, NY: <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/index.jsp">the original</a> on 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nuclide+chart&rft.place=Brookhaven%2C+NY&rft.series=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/technetium" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:technetium">technetium</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/043.htm">Technetium</a> (video). <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a>. Nottingham, UK: University of Nottingham.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technetium&rft.place=Nottingham%2C+UK&rft.series=The+Periodic+Table+of+Videos&rft.pub=University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicvideos.com%2Fvideos%2F043.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnetium" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:3px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Technetium_compounds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Technetium_compounds" title="Template:Technetium compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Technetium_compounds" title="Template talk:Technetium compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Technetium_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Technetium compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Technetium_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Technetium_compounds" title="Technetium compounds">Technetium compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium(II)_chloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium(II) chloride (page does not exist)">TcCl2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_chloride" title="Technetium(III) chloride">TcCl3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_bromide" title="Technetium(III) bromide">TcBr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(III)_iodide" title="Technetium(III) iodide">TcI3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_chloride" title="Technetium(IV) chloride">TcCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_bromide" title="Technetium(IV) bromide">TcBr4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_oxide" title="Technetium(IV) oxide">TcO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(IV)_sulfide" title="Technetium(IV) sulfide">TcS2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(V)_fluoride" title="Technetium(V) fluoride">TcF5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_technetate(V)" title="Sodium technetate(V)">NaTcO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_hexafluoride" title="Technetium hexafluoride">TcF6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium_trioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium trioxide (page does not exist)">TcO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technetium(VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(VII)_oxide" title="Technetium(VII) oxide">Tc2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium(VII)_sulfide" title="Technetium(VII) sulfide">Tc2S7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertechnetic_acid" title="Pertechnetic acid">HTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_pertechnetate" title="Sodium pertechnetate">NaTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_pertechnetate" title="Potassium pertechnetate">KTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_pertechnetate" title="Rubidium pertechnetate">RbTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesium_pertechnetate" title="Caesium pertechnetate">CsTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_pertechnetate" title="Ammonium pertechnetate">NH4TcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertechnetyl_fluoride" title="Pertechnetyl fluoride">TcO 3F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4184557-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85133086">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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[\"CITEREFDesmet,_G.Myttenaere,_C.1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmetMyttenaere1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixonCurtisMusgraveRoensch1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmsley2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrancisDodgeMeinken2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcia-Leon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarraway1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarraway1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGermanFirsovaPeretrukhinKhizhnyak2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGermanKryutchkov2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGermanPeretrukhinGedgovdGrigoriev2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibson1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuérin_BTremblay_SRodrigue_SRousseau_JA2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabashi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisonPhipps2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeiserman1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermann1847\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerrellBuseyGayer1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilemanHugginsKaesz1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirofumi_Arino1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHisamatsuEgashiraMaeno2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmanGhiorsoSeaborg2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolden2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHusted2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_S._TulenkoDean_SchoenfeldDavid_HintenlangCarl_Crane2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnstone2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJongePauwels1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrebs1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuznetsovGermanNagovitsynaFilatova2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuznetsovPoineauGermanFilatova2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaurence_Knight2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLide2004–2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLützenkirchen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerrill1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNies2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerrierSegrè1947\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoineauJohnstoneCzerwinskiSattelberger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoineauJohnstoneWeckKim2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoineauWeckGermanMaruk2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRimshaw1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScerri2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScerri2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFScholtenLambrechtCogneauVera_Ruiz1999\"] = 1,\n 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