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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isotopes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Industrial processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Scientific research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Preservative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laboratory_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laboratory_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Laboratory equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laboratory_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Medical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Lighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Miscellaneous uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Argon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 163 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-163" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">163 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%95" title="አርገን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አርገን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرغون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آرغون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Argón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Argón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatapu%27%C3%A3%27%E1%BB%B9" title="Tatapu'ã'ỹ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatapu'ã'ỹ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqon" title="Arqon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arqon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8" title="আর্গন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্গন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="གཉུག་རླུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཉུག་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3" title="Argó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Argó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argone" title="Argone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Argone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%DD%A3%D9%88%D9%86" title="أرݣون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أرݣون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C5%82ch%CA%BCi_doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%AD" title="Níłchʼi dootłʼizhí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Níłchʼi dootłʼizhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoon" title="Argoon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Argoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C" title="Αργό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αργό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Argón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argono" title="Argono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Argono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرگون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Argón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AC" title="氬 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="આર્ગોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્ગોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Арһон – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Арһон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B3%A4" title="아르곤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르곤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAragona" title="ʻAragona – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAragona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Արգոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արգոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argono" title="Argono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Argono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsAlahwe" title="IsAlahwe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsAlahwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93)" title="ארגון (יסוד) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון (יסוד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C9%A9k%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Arɩkɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arɩkɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರ್ಗಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಗಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="არგონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არგონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arigoni" title="Arigoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Arigoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agon" title="Agon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Agon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argons" title="Argons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Argons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonas" title="Argonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Argonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/laznynavni" title="laznynavni – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="laznynavni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ആർഗോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർഗോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauhauh%C4%81" title="Hauhauhā – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hauhauhā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="आरगॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आरगॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86" title="ارجون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارجون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯥꯔꯒꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80_(ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3)" title="Ā (nguòng-só) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ā (nguòng-só)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အာဂွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဂွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3" title="アルゴン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルゴン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonum" title="Argonum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Argonum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆର୍ଗନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆର୍ଗନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਰਗਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਗਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرگون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အာဂွန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာဂွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آرگون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rgon" title="Àrgon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Àrgon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Árgon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqun" title="Arqun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Arqun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D2%91%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Арґон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Арґон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="आर्गन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आर्गन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B2n" title="Argòn – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Argòn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argoni" title="Argoni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Argoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ආගන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආගන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرگون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Argón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Аргонъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аргонъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aargon" title="Aargon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aargon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%86" title="ئارگۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئارگۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்கான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்கான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్గాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్గాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="อาร์กอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์กอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аргон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аргон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="آرگون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرگون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ئارگون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئارگون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AC" title="氬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon" title="Argon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Argon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Argon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Argon (disambiguation)">Argon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1158442001">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap">Argon, <sub>18</sub>Ar</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Argon_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vial containing a violet glowing gas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/250px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Argon_discharge_tube.jpg/500px-Argon_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Argon</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <wbr /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AR</span>-gon</i></a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in an electric field</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(Ar)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>[<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001397920000000000♠"></span>39.792</span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001399630000000000♠"></span>39.963</span>]<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001399500000000000♠"></span>39.95<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.16</span> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Argon in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Hydrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Beryllium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Carbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oxygen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Fluorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Sodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Silicon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Phosphorus</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Chlorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c; border:1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box;;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Potassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Calcium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Scandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Manganese</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Nickel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copper</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zinc</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Arsenic</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Selenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bromine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Krypton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Silver</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Gold</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Mercury (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Lead</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff9999;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#9bff99;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#99ccff;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Nihonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Moscovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Tennessine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#fdff8c;">Oganesson</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a><br />↑<br /><strong>Ar</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> ← <strong>argon</strong> → <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">group 18 (noble gases)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">period 3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="color legend: p-block" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#fdff8c; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#p-block" title="Block (periodic table)">p-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">at <span title="STP: standard temperature and pressure: 0 °C and 101.325 kPa"><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">83.81 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (−189.34 °C, −308.81 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">87.302 K (−185.848 °C, −302.526 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(at STP)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1.784 g/L</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal;">when liquid (at <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">b.p.</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1.3954 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Triple_point" title="Triple point">Triple point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">83.8058 K, 68.89 kPa<sup id="cite_ref-b92_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150.687 K, 4.863 MPa<sup id="cite_ref-b92_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.18 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.53 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20.85<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure"><b>Vapor pressure</b></a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content; width:-webkit-fit-content; width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure"><i>P</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature"><i>T</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>  </td> <td>47 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>87 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: (none)<br /> 0<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: no data </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 1520.6 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 2665.8 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 3931 kJ/mol </li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements#argon" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements">more</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">106±10 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">188 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:18_(Ar_I)_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png/240px-18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png/360px-18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png/480px-18_%28Ar_I%29_NIST_ASD_emission_spectrum.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of argon</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" title="Cubic crystal system">face-centered cubic</a> (fcc) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">cF4</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Face-centered cubic crystal structure for argon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/60px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="126" /></a></span></div><i>a</i> = 546.91 pm (at triple point)<sup id="cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17.72<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2999700000000000000♠"></span>−3</span></sup>  W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetic">diamagnetic</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3004804000000000000♠"></span>−19.6<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup></span> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a></th><td class="infobox-data">323 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second" title="Metre per second">m/s</a> (gas, at 27 °C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-37-1 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Naming</th><td class="infobox-data">from the Greek <i>ἀργόν</i>, meaning 'lazy' or 'inactive', in reference to its inertness</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a> and first isolation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Rayleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1894)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes of argon</a><span style="float:right; padding-right: 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_argon_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox argon isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_argon_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox argon isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>36</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">0.334% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>37</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">trace</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006302400000000000♠"></span>35 d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine-37" title="Chlorine-37"><sup>37</sup>Cl</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>38</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">0.0630% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>39</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">trace </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009845743680000000♠"></span>268 y</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β<sup>−</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-39" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium-39"><sup>39</sup>K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>40</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">99.6% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>41</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">trace </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003656040000000000♠"></span>109.34 min</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">β<sup>−</sup></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-41" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium-41"><sup>41</sup>K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>42</sup>Ar </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7009103824504000000♠"></span>32.9 y</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">β<sup>−</sup></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-42" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium-42"><sup>42</sup>K</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Argon" title="Category:Argon">Category: Argon</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_argon" title="Template:Infobox argon"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_argon" title="Template talk:Infobox argon"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_argon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox argon"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Argon</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> <b>Ar</b> and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 18. It is in group 18 of the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argon is the third most abundant <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">Earth's atmosphere</a>, at 0.934% (9340 <a href="/wiki/Parts-per_notation" title="Parts-per notation">ppmv</a>). It is more than twice as abundant as <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a> (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> (18 ppmv). Argon is the most abundant noble gas in <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a>, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. </p><p>Nearly all argon in Earth's atmosphere is <a href="/wiki/Radiogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogenic">radiogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Argon-40" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon-40">argon-40</a>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">decay</a> of <a href="/wiki/Potassium-40" title="Potassium-40">potassium-40</a> in Earth's crust. In the universe, <a href="/wiki/Argon-36" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon-36">argon-36</a> is by far the most common argon <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a>, as it is the most easily produced by stellar <a href="/wiki/Nucleosynthesis" title="Nucleosynthesis">nucleosynthesis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovas</a>. </p><p>The name "argon" is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀργόν</span></span>, neuter singular form of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀργός</span></span> meaning 'lazy' or 'inactive', as a reference to the fact that the element undergoes almost no chemical reactions. The complete <a href="/wiki/Octet_rule" title="Octet rule">octet</a> (eight electrons) in the outer atomic shell makes argon stable and resistant to bonding with other elements. Its <a href="/wiki/Triple_point" title="Triple point">triple point</a> temperature of 83.8058 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> is a defining fixed point in the <a href="/wiki/International_Temperature_Scale_of_1990" title="International Temperature Scale of 1990">International Temperature Scale of 1990</a>. </p><p>Argon is extracted industrially by the <a href="/wiki/Fractional_distillation" title="Fractional distillation">fractional distillation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_air" title="Liquid air">liquid air</a>. It is mostly used as an <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas" title="Inert gas">inert</a> <a href="/wiki/Shielding_gas" title="Shielding gas">shielding gas</a> in welding and other high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily unreactive substances become reactive; for example, an argon atmosphere is used in <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. It is also used in <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">incandescent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent lighting">fluorescent lighting</a>, and other gas-discharge tubes. It makes a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Ion_laser#Argon_laser" title="Ion laser">blue-green gas laser</a>. It is also used in fluorescent glow starters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argon_ice_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Argon_ice_1.jpg/250px-Argon_ice_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Argon_ice_1.jpg/330px-Argon_ice_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Argon_ice_1.jpg/500px-Argon_ice_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon</figcaption></figure> <p>Argon has approximately the same <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">solubility</a> in water as <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and is 2.5 times more soluble in water than <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>. Argon is colorless, odorless, nonflammable and nontoxic as a solid, liquid or gas.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argon is chemically <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas" title="Inert gas">inert</a> under most conditions and forms no confirmed stable compounds at room temperature. </p><p>Although argon is a <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a>, it can form some compounds under various extreme conditions. <a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">Argon fluorohydride</a> (HArF), a compound of argon with <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> that is stable below 17 K (−256.1 °C; −429.1 °F), has been demonstrated.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sciencenews-harf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencenews-harf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form <a href="/wiki/Clathrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Clathrates">clathrates</a> with water when atoms of argon are trapped in a lattice of water molecules.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ions">Ions</a>, such as <span class="chemf nowrap">ArH<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Exciplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Exciplex">excited-state complexes</a>, such as ArF, have been demonstrated. Theoretical calculation predicts several more <a href="/wiki/Argon_compounds" title="Argon compounds">argon compounds</a> that should be stable<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but have not yet been synthesized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isolation_of_Argon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Isolation_of_Argon.png/130px-Isolation_of_Argon.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Isolation_of_Argon.png/195px-Isolation_of_Argon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Isolation_of_Argon.png/260px-Isolation_of_Argon.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption>A: test-tube, B: dilute alkali, C: U-shaped glass tube, D: platinum electrode</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Argon</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀργόν</span></span>, neuter singular form of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀργός</span></span> meaning "lazy" or "inactive") is named in reference to its chemical inactivity. This chemical property of this first <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a> to be discovered impressed the namers.<sup id="cite_ref-lazyone1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lazyone1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lazyone2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lazyone2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unreactive gas was suspected to be a component of air by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a> in 1785.<sup id="cite_ref-Cave1785_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cave1785-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon was first isolated from air in 1894 by <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, water, and <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> from a sample of clean air.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They first accomplished this by replicating an experiment of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a>'s. They trapped a mixture of atmospheric air with additional oxygen in a test-tube (A) upside-down over a large quantity of dilute <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a> solution (B), which in Cavendish's original experiment was potassium hydroxide,<sup id="cite_ref-Cave1785_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cave1785-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conveyed a current through wires insulated by U-shaped glass tubes (CC) which sealed around the platinum wire electrodes, leaving the ends of the wires (DD) exposed to the gas and insulated from the alkali solution. The arc was powered by a battery of five <a href="/wiki/Grove_cell" title="Grove cell">Grove cells</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Ruhmkorff_coil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhmkorff coil">Ruhmkorff coil</a> of medium size. The alkali absorbed the oxides of nitrogen produced by the arc and also carbon dioxide. They operated the arc until no more reduction of volume of the gas could be seen for at least an hour or two and the spectral lines of nitrogen disappeared when the gas was examined. The remaining oxygen was reacted with alkaline pyrogallate to leave behind an apparently non-reactive gas which they called argon. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Rayleigh_Vanity_Fair_21_December_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lord_Rayleigh_Vanity_Fair_21_December_1899.jpg/250px-Lord_Rayleigh_Vanity_Fair_21_December_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lord_Rayleigh_Vanity_Fair_21_December_1899.jpg/330px-Lord_Rayleigh_Vanity_Fair_21_December_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="3293" /></a><figcaption>Captioned "Argon", caricature of <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (British magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>, 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>Before isolating the gas, they had determined that nitrogen produced from chemical compounds was 0.5% lighter than nitrogen from the atmosphere. The difference was slight, but it was important enough to attract their attention for many months. They concluded that there was another gas in the air mixed in with the nitrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argon was also encountered in 1882 through independent research of H. F. Newall and W. N. Hartley.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each observed new lines in the <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">emission spectrum</a> of air that did not match known elements. </p><p>Prior to 1957, the symbol for argon was "A". This was changed to Ar after the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> published the work <i><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Inorganic_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry">Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry</a></i> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2></div> <p>Argon constitutes 0.934% by volume and 1.288% by mass of <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">Earth's atmosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air is the primary industrial source of purified argon products. Argon is isolated from air by fractionation, most commonly by <a href="/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">cryogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fractional_distillation" title="Fractional distillation">fractional distillation</a>, a process that also produces purified <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earth's crust and seawater contain 1.2 ppm and 0.45 ppm of argon, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes of argon</a></div> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> of argon found on Earth are <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> (99.6%), <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">36</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> (0.34%), and <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">38</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> (0.06%). Naturally occurring <span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potassium-40" title="Potassium-40"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>K</a></span>, with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 1.25<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000900000000000000♠"></span>9</span></sup> years, decays to stable <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> (11.2%) by <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> or <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission" title="Positron emission">positron emission</a>, and also to stable <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ca</span> (88.8%) by <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta decay</a>. These properties and ratios are used to determine the age of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a> by <a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%93Ar_dating" title="K–Ar dating">K–Ar dating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Earth's atmosphere, <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> is made by <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic ray</a> activity, primarily by neutron capture of <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> followed by two-neutron emission. In the subsurface environment, it is also produced through <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> by <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>K</span>, followed by proton emission. <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">37</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> is created from the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> by <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ca</span> followed by an <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particle</a> emission as a result of subsurface <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear testing">nuclear explosions</a>. It has a half-life of 35 days.<sup id="cite_ref-iso_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between locations in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>, the isotopic composition of argon varies greatly. Where the major source of argon is the decay of <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>K</span> in rocks, <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> will be the dominant isotope, as it is on Earth. Argon produced directly by <a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">stellar nucleosynthesis</a> is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_process" title="Alpha process">alpha-process</a> nuclide <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">36</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span>. Correspondingly, solar argon contains 84.6% <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">36</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> (according to <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> measurements),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ratio of the three isotopes <sup>36</sup>Ar : <sup>38</sup>Ar : <sup>40</sup>Ar in the atmospheres of the outer planets is 8400 : 1600 : 1.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contrasts with the low abundance of <a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a> <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">36</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> in Earth's atmosphere, which is only 31.5 ppmv (= 9340 ppmv × 0.337%), comparable with that of neon (18.18 ppmv) on Earth and with interplanetary gasses, measured by <a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_probe" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary probe">probes</a>. </p><p>The atmospheres of <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a> (the largest moon of <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>) contain argon, predominantly as <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The predominance of <a href="/wiki/Radiogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogenic">radiogenic</a> <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> is the reason the <a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">standard atomic weight</a> of terrestrial argon is greater than that of the next element, <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>, a fact that was puzzling when argon was discovered. <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Mendeleev</a> positioned the elements on his <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> in order of atomic weight, but the inertness of argon suggested a placement <i>before</i> the reactive <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a> later solved this problem by showing that the periodic table is actually arranged in order of <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> (see <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History of the periodic table</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compounds">Compounds</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Argon_compounds" title="Argon compounds">Argon compounds</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png/170px-Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png/255px-Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png/340px-Argon-fluorohydride-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="739" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Space-filling_model" title="Space-filling model">Space-filling model</a> of <a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">argon fluorohydride</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Argon's complete octet of <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> indicates full s and p subshells. This full <a href="/wiki/Valence_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence shell">valence shell</a> makes argon very stable and extremely resistant to bonding with other elements. Before 1962, argon and the other noble gases were considered to be chemically inert and unable to form compounds; however, compounds of the heavier noble gases have since been synthesized. The first argon compound with tungsten pentacarbonyl, W(CO)<sub>5</sub>Ar, was isolated in 1975. However, it was not widely recognised at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2000, another argon compound, <a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">argon fluorohydride</a> (HArF), was formed by researchers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">University of Helsinki</a>, by shining ultraviolet light onto frozen argon containing a small amount of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> with <a href="/wiki/Caesium_iodide" title="Caesium iodide">caesium iodide</a>. This discovery caused the recognition that argon could form weakly bound compounds, even though it was not the first.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencenews-harf_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencenews-harf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is stable up to 17 kelvins (−256 °C). The <a href="/wiki/Metastable" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastable">metastable</a> <span class="chemf nowrap">ArCF<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span></span></span> dication, which is valence-<a href="/wiki/Isoelectronicity" title="Isoelectronicity">isoelectronic</a> with <a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_fluoride" title="Carbonyl fluoride">carbonyl fluoride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phosgene" title="Phosgene">phosgene</a>, was observed in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Argon-36" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon-36">Argon-36</a>, in the form of argon hydride (<a href="/wiki/Argonium" title="Argonium">argonium</a>) ions, has been detected in <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">interstellar medium</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Nebula" title="Crab Nebula">Crab Nebula</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>; this was the first <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble-gas molecule</a> detected in <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solid argon <a href="/wiki/Hydride" title="Hydride">hydride</a> (Ar(H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) has the same crystal structure as the MgZn<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Laves_phase" title="Laves phase">Laves phase</a>. It forms at pressures between 4.3 and 220 GPa, though Raman measurements suggest that the H<sub>2</sub> molecules in Ar(H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> dissociate above 175 GPa.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <p>Argon is extracted industrially by the <a href="/wiki/Fractional_distillation" title="Fractional distillation">fractional distillation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_air" title="Liquid air">liquid air</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic">cryogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_separation" title="Air separation">air separation</a> unit; a process that separates <a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen" title="Liquid nitrogen">liquid nitrogen</a>, which boils at 77.3 K, from argon, which boils at 87.3 K, and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a>, which boils at 90.2 K. About 700,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> of argon are produced worldwide every year.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Argon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Argon.jpg/180px-Argon.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Argon.jpg/270px-Argon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Argon.jpg/360px-Argon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Cylinders containing argon gas for use in extinguishing fire without damaging server equipment</figcaption></figure> <p>Argon has several desirable properties: </p> <ul><li>Argon is a chemically <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas" title="Inert gas">inert gas</a>.</li> <li>Argon is the cheapest alternative when <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> is not sufficiently inert.</li> <li>Argon has low <a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a>.</li> <li>Argon has electronic properties (ionization and/or the emission spectrum) desirable for some applications.</li></ul> <p>Other <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a> would be equally suitable for most of these applications, but argon is by far the cheapest. It is inexpensive, since it occurs naturally in air and is readily obtained as a byproduct of <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic">cryogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_separation" title="Air separation">air separation</a> in the production of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen" title="Liquid nitrogen">liquid nitrogen</a>: the primary constituents of air are used on a large industrial scale. The other noble gases (except <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>) are produced this way as well, but argon is the most plentiful by far. The bulk of its applications arise simply because it is inert and relatively cheap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_processes">Industrial processes</h3></div> <p>Argon is used in some high-temperature industrial processes where ordinarily non-reactive substances become reactive. For example, an argon atmosphere is used in graphite electric furnaces to prevent the graphite from burning. </p><p>For some of these processes, the presence of nitrogen or oxygen gases might cause defects within the material. Argon is used in some types of <a href="/wiki/Arc_welding" title="Arc welding">arc welding</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gas_metal_arc_welding" title="Gas metal arc welding">gas metal arc welding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gas_tungsten_arc_welding" title="Gas tungsten arc welding">gas tungsten arc welding</a>, as well as in the processing of <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> and other reactive elements. An argon atmosphere is also used for growing crystals of <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shielding_gas" title="Shielding gas">shielding gas</a></div> <p>Argon is used in the poultry industry to <a href="/wiki/Asphyxiant_gas" title="Asphyxiant gas">asphyxiate</a> birds, either for mass culling following disease outbreaks, or as a means of slaughter more humane than <a href="/wiki/Electronarcosis" title="Electronarcosis">electric stunning</a>. Argon is denser than air and displaces oxygen close to the ground during <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas_asphyxiation" title="Inert gas asphyxiation">inert gas asphyxiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its non-reactive nature makes it suitable in a food product, and since it replaces oxygen within the dead bird, argon also enhances shelf life.<sup id="cite_ref-FraquezaBarreto2009_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FraquezaBarreto2009-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon is sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">extinguishing fires</a> where valuable equipment may be damaged by water or foam.<sup id="cite_ref-SuKim2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuKim2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h3></div> <p>Liquid argon is used as the target for neutrino experiments and direct <a href="/wiki/Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a> searches. The interaction between the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles" class="mw-redirect" title="Weakly interacting massive particles">WIMPs</a> and an argon nucleus produces <a href="/wiki/Scintillation_(physics)" title="Scintillation (physics)">scintillation</a> light that is detected by <a href="/wiki/Photomultiplier_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Photomultiplier tubes">photomultiplier tubes</a>. Two-phase detectors containing argon gas are used to detect the ionized electrons produced during the WIMP–nucleus scattering. As with most other liquefied noble gases, argon has a high scintillation light yield (about 51 photons/keV<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), is transparent to its own scintillation light, and is relatively easy to purify. Compared to <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>, argon is cheaper and has a distinct scintillation time profile, which allows the separation of electronic recoils from nuclear recoils. On the other hand, its intrinsic beta-ray background is larger due to <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> contamination, unless one uses argon from underground sources, which has much less <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> contamination. Most of the argon in Earth's atmosphere was produced by electron capture of long-lived <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>K</span> (<span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>K</span> + e<sup>−</sup> → <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> + ν) present in natural potassium within Earth. The <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> activity in the atmosphere is maintained by cosmogenic production through the knockout reaction <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">40</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span>(n,2n)<span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> and similar reactions. The half-life of <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> is only 269 years. As a result, the underground Ar, shielded by rock and water, has much less <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">39</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Ar</span> contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dark-matter detectors currently operating with liquid argon include <a href="/wiki/DarkSide_(dark_matter_experiment)" title="DarkSide (dark matter experiment)">DarkSide</a>, <a href="/wiki/WIMP_Argon_Programme" title="WIMP Argon Programme">WArP</a>, <a href="/wiki/ArDM" title="ArDM">ArDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic_Low-Energy_Astrophysics_with_Neon" title="Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon">microCLEAN</a> and <a href="/wiki/DEAP" title="DEAP">DEAP</a>. Neutrino experiments include <a href="/wiki/ICARUS_(experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="ICARUS (experiment)">ICARUS</a> and <a href="/wiki/MicroBooNE" title="MicroBooNE">MicroBooNE</a>, both of which use high-purity liquid argon in a <a href="/wiki/Time_projection_chamber" title="Time projection chamber">time projection chamber</a> for fine grained three-dimensional imaging of neutrino interactions. </p><p>At Linköping University, Sweden, the inert gas is being utilized in a vacuum chamber in which plasma is introduced to ionize metallic films.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process results in a film usable for manufacturing computer processors. The new process would eliminate the need for chemical baths and use of expensive, dangerous and rare materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservative">Preservative</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CsCrystals.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CsCrystals.JPG/250px-CsCrystals.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CsCrystals.JPG/330px-CsCrystals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CsCrystals.JPG/500px-CsCrystals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A sample of <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> is packed under argon to avoid reactions with air</figcaption></figure> <p>Argon is used to displace oxygen- and moisture-containing air in packaging material to extend the shelf-lives of the contents (argon has the <a href="/wiki/E_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="E numbers">European food additive code</a> E938). Aerial oxidation, hydrolysis, and other chemical reactions that degrade the products are retarded or prevented entirely. High-purity chemicals and pharmaceuticals are sometimes packed and sealed in argon.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17099243_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17099243-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a>, argon is used in a variety of activities to provide a barrier against oxygen at the liquid surface, which can spoil wine by fueling both microbial metabolism (as with <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid_bacteria" title="Acetic acid bacteria">acetic acid bacteria</a>) and standard <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">redox</a> chemistry. </p><p>Argon is sometimes used as the propellant in <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a> cans. </p><p>Argon is also used as a preservative for such products as <a href="/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish">varnish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a>, and paint, by displacing air to prepare a container for storage.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2002, the American <a href="/wiki/National_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archives">National Archives</a> stores important national documents such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> within argon-filled cases to inhibit their degradation. Argon is preferable to the helium that had been used in the preceding five decades, because helium gas escapes through the intermolecular pores in most containers and must be regularly replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboratory_equipment">Laboratory equipment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Air-free_technique" title="Air-free technique">Air-free technique</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glovebox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Glovebox.jpg/250px-Glovebox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Glovebox.jpg/330px-Glovebox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Glovebox.jpg/500px-Glovebox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glovebox" title="Glovebox">Gloveboxes</a> are often filled with argon, which recirculates over scrubbers to maintain an <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>-, and moisture-free atmosphere</figcaption></figure> <p>Argon may be used as the <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas" title="Inert gas">inert gas</a> within <a href="/wiki/Schlenk_line" title="Schlenk line">Schlenk lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glovebox" title="Glovebox">gloveboxes</a>. Argon is preferred to less expensive nitrogen in cases where nitrogen may react with the reagents or apparatus. </p><p>Argon may be used as the carrier gas in <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Electrospray_ionization_mass_spectrometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry">electrospray ionization mass spectrometry</a>; it is the gas of choice for the plasma used in <a href="/wiki/Inductively_coupled_plasma" title="Inductively coupled plasma">ICP</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopy</a>. Argon is preferred for the sputter coating of specimens for <a href="/wiki/Scanning_electron_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanning electron microscopy">scanning electron microscopy</a>. Argon gas is also commonly used for <a href="/wiki/Sputter_deposition" title="Sputter deposition">sputter deposition</a> of thin films as in <a href="/wiki/Microelectronics" title="Microelectronics">microelectronics</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Microfabrication" title="Microfabrication">wafer cleaning in microfabrication</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cryosurgery" title="Cryosurgery">Cryosurgery</a> procedures such as <a href="/wiki/Cryoablation" title="Cryoablation">cryoablation</a> use liquid argon to destroy tissue such as <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> cells. It is used in a procedure called "argon-enhanced coagulation", a form of argon <a href="/wiki/Plasma_torch" title="Plasma torch">plasma beam</a> <a href="/wiki/Electrosurgery" title="Electrosurgery">electrosurgery</a>. The procedure carries a risk of producing <a href="/wiki/Gas_embolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas embolism">gas embolism</a> and has resulted in the death of at least one patient.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blue <a href="/wiki/Argon_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon laser">argon lasers</a> are used in surgery to weld arteries, destroy tumors, and correct eye defects.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon has also been used experimentally to replace nitrogen in the breathing or decompression mix known as <a href="/wiki/Argox_(breathing_gas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argox (breathing gas)">Argox</a>, to speed the elimination of dissolved nitrogen from the blood.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lighting">Lighting</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/250px-ArTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/330px-ArTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/ArTube.jpg/500px-ArTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Argon <a href="/wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp" title="Gas-discharge lamp">gas-discharge lamp</a> forming "Ar", the symbol for argon</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Incandescent light">Incandescent lights</a> are filled with argon, to preserve the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_filament" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical filament">filaments</a> at high temperature from oxidation. It is used for the specific way it ionizes and emits light, such as in <a href="/wiki/Plasma_globe" title="Plasma globe">plasma globes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calorimeter_(particle_physics)" title="Calorimeter (particle physics)">calorimetry</a> in experimental <a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">particle physics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp" title="Gas-discharge lamp">Gas-discharge lamps</a> filled with pure argon provide lilac/violet light; with argon and some mercury, blue light. Argon is also used for blue and green <a href="/wiki/Argon_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon laser">argon-ion lasers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_uses">Miscellaneous uses</h3></div> <p>Argon is used for <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Insulated_glazing" title="Insulated glazing">energy-efficient windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argon is also used in technical <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> to inflate a <a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">dry suit</a> because it is inert and has low thermal conductivity.<sup id="cite_ref-IEEE2008_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE2008-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket" title="Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket">Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket</a> (VASIMR). Compressed argon gas is allowed to expand, to cool the seeker heads of some versions of the <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">AIM-9 Sidewinder</a> missile and other missiles that use cooled thermal seeker heads. The gas is <a href="/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder#Design" title="AIM-9 Sidewinder">stored at high pressure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon-39, with a half-life of 269 years, has been used for a number of applications, primarily <a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">ice core</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ground_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground water">ground water</a> dating. Also, <a href="/wiki/Potassium%E2%80%93argon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Potassium–argon dating">potassium–argon dating</a> and related <a href="/wiki/Argon_argon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon argon dating">argon-argon dating</a> are used to date <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argon has been used by athletes as a doping agent to simulate <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">hypoxic</a> conditions. In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">World Anti-Doping Agency</a> (WADA) added argon and <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> to the list of prohibited substances and methods, although at this time there is no reliable test for abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2></div> <p>Although argon is non-toxic, it is 38% more <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">dense</a> than air and therefore considered a dangerous <a href="/wiki/Asphyxiant_gas" title="Asphyxiant gas">asphyxiant</a> in closed areas. It is difficult to detect because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. A 1994 incident, in which a man was <a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">asphyxiated</a> after entering an argon-filled section of oil pipe under construction in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, highlights the dangers of argon tank leakage in confined spaces and emphasizes the need for proper use, storage and handling.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/42px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/56px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen%E2%80%93argon_ratio" title="Oxygen–argon ratio">Oxygen–argon ratio</a>, a ratio of two physically similar gases, which has importance in various sectors.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/argon.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Argon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Argon&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fargon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b92-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b92_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b92_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2011" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 4.121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4398-5511-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4398-5511-0"><bdi>1-4398-5511-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=4.121&rft.edition=92nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1-4398-5511-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ar(0) has been observed in <a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">argon fluorohydride</a> (HArF) and ArCF<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLockyearDouglasPriceKarwowska2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lockyear, J.F.; Douglas, K.; Price, S.D.; Karwowska, M.; et al. (2010). "Generation of the ArCF<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> Dication". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters">Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters</a></i>. <b>1</b>: 358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjz900274p">10.1021/jz900274p</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry+Letters&rft.atitle=Generation+of+the+ArCF%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%3Csup%3E2%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E+Dication&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=358&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjz900274p&rft.aulast=Lockyear&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rft.au=Douglas%2C+K.&rft.au=Price%2C+S.D.&rft.au=Karwowska%2C+M.&rft.au=Fijalkowski%2C+K.J.&rft.au=Grochala%2C+W.&rft.au=Reme%C5%A1%2C+M.&rft.au=Roithov%C3%A1%2C+J.&rft.au=Schroder%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arblaster_2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArblaster2018" class="citation book cs1">Arblaster, John W. (2018). <i>Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements</i>. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9"><bdi>978-1-62708-155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Values+of+the+Crystallographic+Properties+of+Elements&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-62708-155-9&rft.aulast=Arblaster&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLide2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeast1984" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert (1984). <i>CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0464-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0464-4"><bdi>0-8493-0464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. 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See <a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group (periodic table)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uigi.com/MSDS_gaseous_Ar.html">"Material Safety Data Sheet Gaseous Argon"</a>. <i>UIGI.com</i>. Universal Industrial Gases, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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L.; Bursten, B. E.; LeMay, H. E. (2006). J. Challice; N. Folchetti (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry00theo_0"><i>Chemistry: The Central Science</i></a></span> (10th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson Education</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry00theo_0/page/276">276</a>& 289. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-109686-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-109686-8"><bdi>978-0-13-109686-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+The+Central+Science&rft.pages=276%26+289&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-109686-8&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=T.+L.&rft.au=Bursten%2C+B.+E.&rft.au=LeMay%2C+H.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistry00theo_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLide2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. R. (2005). "Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". <a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (86th ed.). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. §4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0486-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0486-6"><bdi>978-0-8493-0486-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Properties+of+the+Elements+and+Inorganic+Compounds%3B+Melting%2C+boiling%2C+triple%2C+and+critical+temperatures+of+the+elements&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pages=%C2%A74&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0486-6&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span> On triple point pressure at 69 kPa.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPreston-Thomas1990" class="citation journal cs1">Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/its-90.html">"The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metrologia" title="Metrologia">Metrologia</a></i>. <b>27</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>10. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Metro..27....3P">1990Metro..27....3P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F27%2F1%2F002">10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250785635">250785635</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metrologia&rft.atitle=The+International+Temperature+Scale+of+1990+%28ITS-90%29&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250785635%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F27%2F1%2F002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990Metro..27....3P&rft.aulast=Preston-Thomas&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fits-90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArgon" class="Z3988"></span> On triple point pressure at 83.8058 K.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Argon</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/argon" class="extiw" title="wikt:argon">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Argon" class="extiw" title="c:Argon">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/argon" class="extiw" title="s:argon">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:The_Elements/Argon" class="extiw" title="b:Wikijunior:The Elements/Argon">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/The_periodic_table/Argon" class="extiw" title="v:The periodic table/Argon">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/018.htm">Argon</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/ar_iig.html">USGS Periodic Table – Argon</a></li> <li>Diving applications: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decompression.org/maiken/Why_Argon.htm">Why Argon?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table18" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block">H</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block">He</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block">B</span></a></span> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a></span> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block">N</span></a></span> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block">O</span></a></span> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block">F</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a></span> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block">P</span></a></span> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="display:block">S</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:3px solid black; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block">K</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a></span> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="display:block">V</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a></span> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><span style="display:block">In</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a></span> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine"><span style="display:block">I</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a></span> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block">La</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a></span> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block">W</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a></span> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine"><span style="display:block">At</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a></span> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block">U</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a></span> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="display:block">No</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a></span> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; color:inherit; border:none; ;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8;color:inherit; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Molecules_detected_in_outer_space800" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Template:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Template talk:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Molecules_detected_in_outer_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Molecules detected in outer space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Molecules_detected_in_outer_space800" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Molecules detected in outer space</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">Molecules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diatomic_molecule" title="Diatomic molecule">Diatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monochloride" title="Aluminium monochloride">Aluminium monochloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_monofluoride" title="Aluminium monofluoride">Aluminium monofluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(II)_oxide" title="Aluminium(II) oxide">Aluminium(II) oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonium" title="Argonium">Argonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon cation">Carbon cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monophosphide" title="Carbon monophosphide">Carbon monophosphide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monosulfide" title="Carbon monosulfide">Carbon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">Carbon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyano_radical" title="Cyano radical">Cyano radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomic_carbon" title="Diatomic carbon">Diatomic carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoromethylidynium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoromethylidynium (page does not exist)">Fluoromethylidynium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_hydride_ion" title="Helium hydride ion">Helium hydride ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">Hydrogen chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">Hydrogen fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical" title="Hydroxyl radical">Hydroxyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidogen" title="Imidogen">Imidogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">Iron(II) oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_monohydride" title="Magnesium monohydride">Magnesium monohydride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylidyne_radical" title="Methylidyne radical">Methylidyne radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">Nitric oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> (molecular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_monoxide" title="Phosphorus monoxide">Phosphorus monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_mononitride" title="Phosphorus mononitride">Phosphorus mononitride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">Potassium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">Silicon carbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_monoxide" title="Silicon monoxide">Silicon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_monosulfide" title="Silicon monosulfide">Silicon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">Sodium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">Sodium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfanyl" title="Sulfanyl">Sulfanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_mononitride" title="Sulfur mononitride">Sulfur mononitride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_monoxide" title="Sulfur monoxide">Sulfur monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium(II)_oxide" title="Titanium(II) oxide">Titanium(II) oxide</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/60px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/90px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png/120px-Nitrous-oxide-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="441" /></a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/60px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Ethanol-3D-balls.png/120px-Ethanol-3D-balls.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="754" /></a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png/60px-Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png/120px-Buckminsterfullerene-perspective-3D-balls.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triatomic_molecule" title="Triatomic molecule">Triatomic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium(I)_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium(I) hydroxide">Aluminium(I) hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Aluminium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amino_radical" title="Amino radical">Amino radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide" title="Carbonyl sulfide">Carbonyl sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCP_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCP radical (page does not exist)">CCP radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halonium_ion" title="Halonium ion">Chloronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">Diazenylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicarbon_monoxide" title="Dicarbon monoxide">Dicarbon monoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disilicon_carbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disilicon carbide (page does not exist)">Disilicon carbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethynyl_radical" title="Ethynyl radical">Ethynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formyl radical (page does not exist)">Formyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a> (HCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a> (HNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">Hydrogen sulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroperoxyl" title="Hydroperoxyl">Hydroperoxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_cyanide" title="Iron(II) cyanide">Iron cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoformyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoformyl (page does not exist)">Isoformyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_cyanide" title="Magnesium cyanide">Magnesium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnesium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Magnesium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylene_(compound)" title="Methylene (compound)">Methylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylidynephosphane" title="Methylidynephosphane">Methylidynephosphane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">N<sub>2</sub>H<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">Nitroxyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">Ozone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_cyanide" title="Potassium cyanide">Potassium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanide" title="Sodium cyanide">Sodium cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">Sodium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_carbonitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon carbonitride (page does not exist)">Silicon carbonitride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C-Silicon_dicarbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C-Silicon dicarbide (page does not exist)">c-Silicon dicarbide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SiNC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SiNC (page does not exist)">SiNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thioformyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thioformyl (page does not exist)">Thioformyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioxoethenylidene" title="Thioxoethenylidene">Thioxoethenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioxide" title="Titanium dioxide">Titanium dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon" title="Tricarbon">Tricarbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Four<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetylene" title="Acetylene">Acetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Cyanoethynyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_formaldehyde" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">Fulminic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HCCN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HCCN (page does not exist)">HCCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydromagnesium_isocyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydromagnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)">Hydromagnesium isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">Isocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Isothiocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketenyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketenyl (page does not exist)">Ketenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Methyl cation">Methyl cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_radical" title="Methyl radical">Methyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylene_amidogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylene amidogen (page does not exist)">Methylene amidogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propynylidyne" title="Propynylidyne">Propynylidyne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_carbon_dioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated carbon dioxide (page does not exist)">Protonated carbon dioxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonated_hydrogen_cyanide" title="Protonated hydrogen cyanide">Protonated hydrogen cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon_tricarbide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon tricarbide (page does not exist)">Silicon tricarbide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">Thiocyanic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioformaldehyde" title="Thioformaldehyde">Thioformaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon_monosulfide" title="Tricarbon monosulfide">Tricarbon monosulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricarbon_monoxide" title="Tricarbon monoxide">Tricarbon monoxide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Five<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Butadiynyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbodiimide" title="Carbodiimide">Carbodiimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanoacetylene" title="Cyanoacetylene">Cyanoacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanoformaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanoformaldehyde (page does not exist)">Cyanoformaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanomethyl" title="Cyanomethyl">Cyanomethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropenylidene" title="Cyclopropenylidene">Cyclopropenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">Formic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isocyanoacetylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isocyanoacetylene (page does not exist)">Isocyanoacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketene" title="Ketene">Ketene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">Methane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Methoxy">Methoxy radical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylenimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylenimine (page does not exist)">Methylenimine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propadienylidene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propadienylidene (page does not exist)">Propadienylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_formaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated formaldehyde (page does not exist)">Protonated formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silane" title="Silane">Silane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicon-carbide_cluster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicon-carbide cluster (page does not exist)">Silicon-carbide cluster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Six<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetonitrile" title="Acetonitrile">Acetonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanobutadiynyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanobutadiynyl radical (page does not exist)">Cyanobutadiynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopropenone" title="Cyclopropenone">Cyclopropenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacetylene" title="Diacetylene">Diacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E-Cyanomethanimine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-Cyanomethanimine (page does not exist)">E-Cyanomethanimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formamide" title="Formamide">Formamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HC4N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HC4N (page does not exist)">HC<sub>4</sub>N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketenimine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketenimine">Ketenimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanethiol" title="Methanethiol">Methanethiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanide" title="Methyl isocyanide">Methyl isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Pentynylidyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propynal" class="mw-redirect" title="Propynal">Propynal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protonated_cyanoacetylene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protonated cyanoacetylene (page does not exist)">Protonated cyanoacetylene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Seven<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">Acetaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylonitrile" title="Acrylonitrile">Acrylonitrile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_cyanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl cyanide">Vinyl cyanide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodiacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_oxide" title="Ethylene oxide">Ethylene oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycolonitrile" title="Glycolonitrile">Glycolonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexatriynyl_radical" title="Hexatriynyl radical">Hexatriynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">Methyl isocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylamine" title="Methylamine">Methylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_alcohol" title="Vinyl alcohol">Vinyl alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Eight<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">Acetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminoacetonitrile" title="Aminoacetonitrile">Aminoacetonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanoallene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanoallene (page does not exist)">Cyanoallene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanimine" title="Ethanimine">Ethanimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycolaldehyde" title="Glycolaldehyde">Glycolaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Hexapentaenylidene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_formate" title="Methyl formate">Methyl formate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methylcyanoacetylene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Nine<br />atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetamide" title="Acetamide">Acetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanohexatriyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_ether" title="Dimethyl ether">Dimethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanethiol" title="Ethanethiol">Ethanethiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyldiacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylformamide" title="N-Methylformamide">N-Methylformamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatetraynyl_radical" title="Octatetraynyl radical">Octatetraynyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propene" class="mw-redirect" title="Propene">Propene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propionitrile" title="Propionitrile">Propionitrile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Ten<br />atoms<br />or more</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">Acetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">Benzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzonitrile" title="Benzonitrile">Benzonitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene" title="Buckminsterfullerene">Buckminsterfullerene</a> (C<sub>60</sub>, C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>, fullerene, buckyball)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyronitrile" title="Butyronitrile">Butyronitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C70_fullerene" title="C70 fullerene">C<sub>70</sub> fullerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Cyanodecapentayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_formate" title="Ethyl formate">Ethyl formate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">Ethylene glycol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heptatrienyl_radical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heptatrienyl radical (page does not exist)">Heptatrienyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_acetate" title="Methyl acetate">Methyl acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanopolyyne" title="Cyanopolyyne">Methyl-cyano-diacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyyne" title="Polyyne">Methyltriacetylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propionaldehyde" title="Propionaldehyde">Propionaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrimidine" title="Pyrimidine">Pyrimidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">Deuterated</a><br />molecules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">Ammonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">Ammonium</a> ion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">Formaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_formaldehyde#Interstellar_reactions" title="Interstellar formaldehyde">Formyl radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">Heavy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">Hydrogen cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_deuteride" title="Hydrogen deuteride">Hydrogen deuteride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">Hydrogen isocyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazenylium" title="Diazenylium">N<sub>2</sub>D<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyne" title="Propyne">Propyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_cation" title="Trihydrogen cation">Trihydrogen cation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#Molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Unconfirmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracene" title="Anthracene">Anthracene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroxyacetone" title="Dihydroxyacetone">Dihydroxyacetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphene" title="Graphene">Graphene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H2NCO%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H2NCO+ (page does not exist)">H<sub>2</sub>NCO<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Linear C<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyethane" title="Methoxyethane">Methoxyethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene">Naphthalene cation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphine" title="Phosphine">Phosphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrene" title="Pyrene">Pyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silylidyne" title="Silylidyne">Silylidyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules#See_also" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_and_molecular_astrophysics" title="Atomic and molecular astrophysics">Atomic and molecular astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_dust" title="Circumstellar dust">Circumstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">Cosmic ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmochemistry" title="Cosmochemistry">Cosmochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_interstellar_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffuse interstellar band">Diffuse interstellar band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_mechanism" title="Forbidden mechanism">Forbidden mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homochirality" title="Homochirality">Homochirality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_dust" title="Intergalactic dust">Intergalactic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_world_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron–sulfur world theory">Iron–sulfur world theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerogen" title="Kerogen">Kerogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecules_in_stars" title="Molecules in stars">Molecules in stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">Organic compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li> <li><a 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