Histoire générale des sciences - Classification thématique

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href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-xixe-s/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> s. </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 442 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 87 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, xve s." href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-xve-s/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, <span class="pc">xv</span><sup>e</sup> s. </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 4 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 média </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, xvie s." href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-xvie-s/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, <span class="pc">xvi</span><sup>e</sup> s. </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 40 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 7 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, xviie s." href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-xviie-s/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, <span class="pc">xvii</span><sup>e</sup> s. </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 72 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 13 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, xviiie s." href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-xviiie-s/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, <span class="pc">xviii</span><sup>e</sup> s. </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 124 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 14 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, Antiquité" href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-antiquite/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, Antiquité </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 33 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 7 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, Moyen Âge" href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-moyen-age/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, Moyen Âge </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 27 articles </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Histoire des sciences : personnalités, de 1900 à nos jours" href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/histoire-des-sciences-personnalites-de-1900-a-nos-jours/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Histoire des sciences : personnalités, de 1900 à nos jours </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 192 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 173 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Historiens des sciences" href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/historiens-des-sciences/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Historiens des sciences </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 12 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 1 média </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/academie-des-sciences-de-russie/"> <span class="rg">ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES DE RUSSIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jérôme PIERREL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 282 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Créée par le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Forme slave tardive (la forme ancienne est cěsarǐ , du latin cæsar ), tsar sert au Moyen Âge à désigner l'empereur romain, byzantin ou germanique. Voulant affirmer son indépendance et cherchant à rivaliser avec Byzance, Syméon de Bulgarie prit, en 919, le titre de tsar ( car' ) des Bulgares et des Grecs. Après l'échec de cette tentative (1018), le terme sera repris par les monarques..." title="Article : TSAR" href="/encyclopedie/tsar/">tsar</a> Pierre le Grand (1672-1725) en 1724 – oukase (décret) du 8 février nouveau style –, l’Académie des sciences et des arts de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Deuxième ville de la Fédération de Russie par la taille (plus de 4,5 millions d’habitants en 2010), Saint-Pétersbourg (en russe Sankt Petersburg , Petrograd de 1914 à 1924 et Leningrad de 1924 à 1991) a joué un rôle essentiel dans l'histoire nationale. Pendant deux siècles, elle a été la capitale de l'Empire russe. Après avoir été le théâtre des révolutions de Février et d'..." title="Article : SAINT-PÉTERSBOURG" href="/encyclopedie/saint-petersbourg/">Saint-Pétersbourg</a> a été ouverte à la fin de l’année suivante, par l’impératrice Catherine I<sup>re</sup> (oukase du 18 décembre). Sa première...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/agnotologie/"> <span class="rg">AGNOTOLOGIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Mathias GIREL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 992 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AGNOTOLOGIE" href="/encyclopedie/agnotologie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Robert Neel Proctor - crédits : Robert N. Proctor" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/4/csm_ph180340_443a26eb37.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le terme « agnotologie » a été introduit par l’historien des sciences Robert N. Proctor (université de Stanford) pour désigner l’étude de l’ignorance et, au-delà de ce sens général, la « production culturelle de l’ignorance ». Si son usage académique semble assez circonscrit à la ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/chinoise-civilisation-sciences-et-techniques/"> <span class="rg">CHINOISE (CIVILISATION) - </span><span class="rm">Sciences et techniques</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Claude MARTZLOFF</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 568 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Pour la Chine, comme pour d'autres civilisations, plus on remonte le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Chacun sait à quel aspect de son expérience répond le mot de temps ; mais aucune définition de la notion correspondante n'a reçu jusqu'ici, chez les savants comme chez les philosophes, une approbation unanime. Sensible à cette difficulté qu'il jugeait caractéristique de toutes les notions premières, Pascal estimait que le temps est de ces choses qu'il est impossible et même inutile de..." title="Article : TEMPS" href="/encyclopedie/temps/">temps</a>, plus il devient difficile de préciser ce qu'on doit entendre exactement par « science ». C'est pourquoi la « science chinoise » peut se définir de plusieurs manières : il peut s'agir de toute idée, découverte ou ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/epistemologie/"> <span class="rg">ÉPISTÉMOLOGIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Gilles Gaston GRANGER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">13 112 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : &Eacute;PIST&Eacute;MOLOGIE" href="/encyclopedie/epistemologie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Karl Popper - crédits : Keystone/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/6/csm_ph994279_50e47e3c4c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Si l'on traduit par notre mot « science » le mot grec ἐπιστήμη, l'épistémologie est, étymologiquement, la théorie de la science. Bien que la forme anglaise du vocable ait existé avant que le français ne l'assimile, c'est pourtant avec le sens différent et plus large de « théorie de la connaissance...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/fondation-de-l-academie-des-sciences/"> <span class="rg">FONDATION DE L'ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Simone MAZAURIC</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 563 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> L’Académie des sciences a été fondée en 1666, pour des raisons à la fois scientifiques et politiques. Son existence est officialisée en 1699, lorsque Louis XIV lui accorde un règlement détaillé. Elle prend alors le nom d’Académie royale des sciences. Plusieurs fois réorganisée depuis, cette institution,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/histoire-des-sciences-arabes/"> <span class="rg">HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES ARABES </span><span class="rm">(dir. R. Rashed, collab. R. Morelon)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Karine CHEMLA</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 391 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Les traditions scientifiques qui se sont développées hors d'Occident ont été mal traitées, des décennies durant, par la grande majorité des historiens. Cet état de fait fut sans doute induit par une représentation globale de l'histoire des sciences qui a longtemps dominé : les activités scientifiques...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/il-y-a-200-ans-les-savants-en-egypte/"> <span class="rg">IL Y A 200 ANS, LES SAVANTS EN ÉGYPTE </span><span class="rm">(exposition)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Patrice BRET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 258 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>On sait la fascination que l'Égypte exerce sur les Français et combien le mythe napoléonien est resté vivace. On pouvait donc prédire le succès – au demeurant mérité – de l'exposition <em>Il y a 200 ans, les savants en Égypte</em>, que la Grande Galerie du Muséum national d'histoire...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/inde-arts-et-culture-les-sciences/"> <span class="rg">INDE </span><span class="rm">(Arts et culture) - Les sciences</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Francis ZIMMERMANN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">14 198 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : INDE (Arts et culture) - Les sciences" href="/encyclopedie/inde-arts-et-culture-les-sciences/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Meruprastara - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/3/csm_v120068_aec4873bdf.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> L' histoire des sciences, au sens où nous l'entendons en Occident, a bénéficié d'apports spécifiques de l'Inde, au moins dans trois domaines : l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="De tout temps , l'homme a été attiré par la voûte céleste. Il y a des milliers d'années, l'observation des astres lui servait seulement à marquer des étapes dans le déroulement du temps. L'alternance des jours et des nuits, les phases de la Lune et les changements dans la position des planètes retinrent immédiatement son attention. Mais il eut tôt fait de remarquer également qu..." title="Article : ASTRONOMIE" href="/encyclopedie/astronomie/">astronomie</a>, les mathématiques et les sciences médicales. D'autres disciplines scientifiques, la physique par exemple, n'ont...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/islam-la-civilisation-islamique-les-mathematiques-et-les-autres-sciences/"> <span class="rg">ISLAM </span><span class="rm">(La civilisation islamique) - Les mathématiques et les autres sciences</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Georges C. ANAWATI</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> et <span rel="author">Roshdi RASHED</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">22 273 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ISLAM (La civilisation islamique) - Les math&eacute;matiques et les autres sciences" href="/encyclopedie/islam-la-civilisation-islamique-les-mathematiques-et-les-autres-sciences/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="L’observatoire astronomique de Constantinople - crédits : Sonia Halliday Photo Library/ Alamy/ Hemis" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/4/csm_ph240282_726430221d.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>« Et vous avez en ma personne le meilleur barbier de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Au viii e siècle, après avoir destitué les Omeyyades de Damas , les Abbassides transfèrent la capitale du califat en Irak et fondent une ville qui deviendra Bagdad. Métropole d'un vaste empire, Bagdad fut pendant plusieurs siècles un foyer de rayonnement intellectuel et artistique majeur. À partir du xiii e siècle, envahie par les Mongols, un temps dominée par les Perses, ..." title="Article : BAGDAD" href="/encyclopedie/bagdad/">Bagdad</a>, un médecin expérimenté, un chimiste très profond, un astrologue qui ne se trompe point, un grammairien achevé, un parfait rhétoricien, un logicien subtil, un mathématicien accompli dans la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La géométrie est communément définie comme la science des figures de l'espace. Cette définition un peu incertaine risque de conduire à inclure dans la géométrie des questions qui ne sont géométriques que dans leur langage, mais relèvent en fait d'autres domaines. Tel est le cas de l' algèbre géométrique des Grecs qui parlait du « rectangle » de deux segments pour qualifier le pr..." title="Article : GÉOMÉTRIE" href="/encyclopedie/geometrie/">géométrie</a>, dans l'arithmétique, dans l'...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/la-fabrique-des-sciences-modernes/"> <span class="rg">LA FABRIQUE DES SCIENCES MODERNES </span><span class="rm">(S. Schaffer)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Bruno BELHOSTE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 236 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le Britannique Simon Schaffer, né en 1955, professeur à l’université de Cambridge, est un des meilleurs historiens des sciences de sa génération, coauteur à l’âge de trente ans, avec Steven Shapin, d’un premier livre qui fit date, <em>Le Léviathan et la pompe à </em><em>air. Hobbes et Boyle entre...</em></p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item active"> <span class="page-link">1</span> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/classification/histoire-des-sciences/histoire-generale-des-sciences/2/"> 2 </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Médias </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V120066" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Inde : repères chronologiques pour une histoire des sciences" href="/media/inde-reperes-chronologiques-pour-une-histoire-des-sciences-v120066/"> <img id="V120066" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/4/8/csm_v120066_33909ac5c4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Inde : repères chronologiques pour une histoire des sciences - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Repères chronologiques pour une histoire des sciences dans l'Inde." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1968" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Inde : repères chronologiques pour une histoire des sciences </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE180324" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : L’instillation du doute sur les dangers du tabac" href="/media/linstillation-du-doute-sur-les-dangers-du-tabac-de180324/"> <img id="DE180324" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/7/csm_de180324_7e8e63ed25.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="L’instillation du doute sur les dangers du tabac - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Ce court texte extrait d'un mémorandum d'un communicant de l'industrie du tabac pour tenter d'enrayer la chute des ventes illustre la méthode proposée et utilisée. L'idée est de présenter les données épidémiologiques comme « controversées », de manière à instiller le doute dans l'esprit du grand…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1343" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> L’instillation du doute sur les dangers du tabac </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V120068" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Meruprastara" href="/media/meruprastara-v120068/"> <img id="V120068" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/3/csm_v120068_baff605c58.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Meruprastara - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le « développement en pyramide » (meruprastara), version indienne du triangle arithmétique." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Meruprastara </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH131109" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Présentation des membres de l’Académie des sciences par Colbert à Louis XIV</it>, Henri Testelin, d’après Charles Le brun" href="/media/presentation-des-membres-de-lacademie-des-sciences-par-colbert-a-louis-xiv-henri-testelin-dapres-charles-le-brun-ph131109/"> <img id="PH131109" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/8/csm_ph131109_3dcb1adf12.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Présentation des membres de l’Académie des sciences par Colbert à Louis XIV</it>, Henri Testelin, d’après Charles Le brun - crédits : Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" data-description="G.W. Leibniz séjourne à Paris en 1672. Grâce à la fondation de l'Académie royale des sciences en 1667, la ville est devenue un foyer de recherches intellectuelles et scientifiques. Leibniz y fréquentera notamment le mathématicien Christiaan Huygens. Henri Testelin d'après Charles Le Brun, Présentati…" data-copyright=" Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="591" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Présentation des membres de l’Académie des sciences par Colbert à Louis XIV</it>, Henri Testelin, d’après Charles Le brun </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Fine Art Images/ Heritage Images/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="TA072867" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Publications scientifiques dans le monde" href="/media/publications-scientifiques-dans-le-monde-ta072867/"> <img id="TA072867" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/f/csm_ta072867_eb56f8b5c2.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Publications scientifiques dans le monde - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Publication scientifique dans le monde en 2003 : volume et part mondiale, ratio au P.I.B. des zones et des pays. La densité scientifique d'une zone ou d'un pays est le nombre de ses publications, en décompte fractionnaire, rapporté à sa population ; elle est normalisée à 100 pour le monde. L'indice…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="962" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Publications scientifiques dans le monde </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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