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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21436289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21436289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21436289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21436289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21436289]'), work: {"id":21436289,"title":"Comment on “A space-time accurate method for solving solute transport problems” by S. G. Li, F. Ruan, and D. McLaughlin","created_at":"2016-02-01T21:57:26.040-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21436289/Comment_on_A_space_time_accurate_method_for_solving_solute_transport_problems_by_S_G_Li_F_Ruan_and_D_McLaughlin?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_21436289","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41873795,"asset_id":21436289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42514237,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Zoppou","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristopherZoppou","display_name":"Christopher Zoppou","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherZoppou?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":154543,"name":"Space Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Time?f_ri=4526"},{"id":193015,"name":"Solute transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solute_transport?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14305481" data-work_id="14305481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14305481/Effects_of_stream_discharge_alluvial_depth_and_bar_amplitude_on_hyporheic_flow_in_pool_riffle_channels">Effects of stream discharge, alluvial depth and bar amplitude on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1] Hyporheic flow results from the interaction between streamflow and channel morphology and is an important component of stream ecosystems because it enhances water and solute exchange between the river and its bed. Hyporheic flow in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14305481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1] Hyporheic flow results from the interaction between streamflow and channel morphology and is an important component of stream ecosystems because it enhances water and solute exchange between the river and its bed. Hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels is particularly complex because of three-dimensional topography that spans a range of partially to fully submerged conditions, inducing both static and dynamic head variations. Hence, these channels exhibit transitional conditions of streambed pressure and hyporheic flow compared to previous studies of fully submerged, two-dimensional bed forms. Here, we conduct a series of three-dimensional simulations to investigate the effects of bed topography, depth of alluvium, and stream discharge on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle reaches with variable bed form submergence, and we propose three empirical formulae to predict the mean depth of hyporheic exchange and characteristic values of the residence time distribution (mean and standard deviation). Hyporheic exchange is predicted with a three-dimensional pumping model, and hyporheic flow is modeled as a Darcy flow. We find that the hyporheic residence time is well approximated by a lognormal distribution for both partially and entirely submerged pool-riffle topography, with the parameters of the distribution defined by the mean and variance of the log-transformed residence time. Depth of alluvium has a substantial effect on hyporheic flow when alluvial depth is less than a third of the bed form wavelength for the conditions examined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14305481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d885fe8b8c18f378c229c5ff0e7867e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44339798,"asset_id":14305481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44339798/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33262079" href="https://uidaho.academia.edu/DanieleTonina">Daniele Tonina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33262079" type="text/json">{"id":33262079,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Tonina","domain_name":"uidaho","page_name":"DanieleTonina","display_name":"Daniele Tonina","profile_url":"https://uidaho.academia.edu/DanieleTonina?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33262079/9852884/10981955/s65_daniele.tonina.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14305481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14305481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14305481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14305481", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14305481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14305481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14305481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14305481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6951" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater">Groundwater</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6951" type="text/json">{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14305481]'), work: {"id":14305481,"title":"Effects of stream discharge, alluvial depth and bar amplitude on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels","created_at":"2015-07-22T12:35:52.605-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14305481/Effects_of_stream_discharge_alluvial_depth_and_bar_amplitude_on_hyporheic_flow_in_pool_riffle_channels?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_14305481","summary":"1] Hyporheic flow results from the interaction between streamflow and channel morphology and is an important component of stream ecosystems because it enhances water and solute exchange between the river and its bed. Hyporheic flow in pool-riffle channels is particularly complex because of three-dimensional topography that spans a range of partially to fully submerged conditions, inducing both static and dynamic head variations. Hence, these channels exhibit transitional conditions of streambed pressure and hyporheic flow compared to previous studies of fully submerged, two-dimensional bed forms. Here, we conduct a series of three-dimensional simulations to investigate the effects of bed topography, depth of alluvium, and stream discharge on hyporheic flow in pool-riffle reaches with variable bed form submergence, and we propose three empirical formulae to predict the mean depth of hyporheic exchange and characteristic values of the residence time distribution (mean and standard deviation). Hyporheic exchange is predicted with a three-dimensional pumping model, and hyporheic flow is modeled as a Darcy flow. We find that the hyporheic residence time is well approximated by a lognormal distribution for both partially and entirely submerged pool-riffle topography, with the parameters of the distribution defined by the mean and variance of the log-transformed residence time. Depth of alluvium has a substantial effect on hyporheic flow when alluvial depth is less than a third of the bed form wavelength for the conditions examined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44339798,"asset_id":14305481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33262079,"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Tonina","domain_name":"uidaho","page_name":"DanieleTonina","display_name":"Daniele Tonina","profile_url":"https://uidaho.academia.edu/DanieleTonina?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33262079/9852884/10981955/s65_daniele.tonina.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":984993,"name":"Residence Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Residence_Time?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1203061,"name":"Lognormal Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lognormal_Distribution?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32959227" data-work_id="32959227" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32959227/Interfacial_tension_measurements_and_wettability_evaluation_for_geological_CO2_storage">Interfacial tension measurements and wettability evaluation for geological CO2 storage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Interfacial interactions, namely interfacial tension, wettability, capillarity and interfacial mass transfer are known to govern fluid distribution and behavior in porous media. Therefore the interfacial interactions between CO 2 , brine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32959227" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Interfacial interactions, namely interfacial tension, wettability, capillarity and interfacial mass transfer are known to govern fluid distribution and behavior in porous media. Therefore the interfacial interactions between CO 2 , brine and oil and/or gas reservoirs have a significant influence on the effectiveness of any CO 2 storage operations. However, data and knowledge of interfacial properties in storage conditions are scarce. This issue becomes particularly true in the case of deep saline aquifers where limited, economically driven, data collection and archiving are available. In this paper, we present a complete set of brine-CO 2 interfacial tension data at pressure, temperature and salinity conditions, representative of a CO 2 storage operation. A semi-empirical correlation is proposed to calculate the interfacial tension from the experimental data. Wettability is studied at pore scale, using glass micromodels in order to track fluids distribution as a function of the thermodynamic properties and wettability conditions for water-CO 2 systems. With this approach, we show that, in strongly hydrophilic porous media, the CO 2 does not wet the solid surface whereas; if the porous media has less hydrophilic properties the CO 2 significantly wets the surface.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32959227" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df96d97b4a556a0f571740e497ffa1c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53085807,"asset_id":32959227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53085807/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64167103" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PEgermann">P. Egermann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64167103" type="text/json">{"id":64167103,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Egermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PEgermann","display_name":"P. 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Therefore the interfacial interactions between CO 2 , brine and oil and/or gas reservoirs have a significant influence on the effectiveness of any CO 2 storage operations. However, data and knowledge of interfacial properties in storage conditions are scarce. This issue becomes particularly true in the case of deep saline aquifers where limited, economically driven, data collection and archiving are available. In this paper, we present a complete set of brine-CO 2 interfacial tension data at pressure, temperature and salinity conditions, representative of a CO 2 storage operation. A semi-empirical correlation is proposed to calculate the interfacial tension from the experimental data. Wettability is studied at pore scale, using glass micromodels in order to track fluids distribution as a function of the thermodynamic properties and wettability conditions for water-CO 2 systems. With this approach, we show that, in strongly hydrophilic porous media, the CO 2 does not wet the solid surface whereas; if the porous media has less hydrophilic properties the CO 2 significantly wets the surface.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53085807,"asset_id":32959227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64167103,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Egermann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PEgermann","display_name":"P. Egermann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PEgermann?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526"},{"id":90637,"name":"Porous Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porous_Media?f_ri=4526"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=4526"},{"id":165199,"name":"Interfacial Tension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interfacial_Tension?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1256879,"name":"Thermodynamic Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermodynamic_Properties?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29519186" data-work_id="29519186" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29519186/Toward_a_Political_Ecology_of_Biosocial_Relations_Rethinking_the_Urban_Water_Metabolism_Beyond_the_City">Toward a Political Ecology of Biosocial Relations: Rethinking the Urban Water Metabolism Beyond the City</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This working paper examines the concept of metabolism and its potential as a critical analytical lens to study the contemporary city from a political perspective. The paper illustrates how the metabolism concept has been used... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29519186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This working paper examines the concept of metabolism and its potential as a critical analytical lens to study the contemporary city from a political perspective. The paper illustrates how the metabolism concept has been used historically, both as a metaphor to describe the technological, social, political and economic dimensions of human-environment relations, and as a concrete analytical tool to quantify and better understand how flows of matter and energy shape the territorial and spatial configurations of cityscapes. Drawing on the example of the urban water metabolism of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), the paper shows how the metabolism concept can be applied to study the politics of water in the city.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29519186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b8fa07b22b0e53c58f0a9992e7975e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50656530,"asset_id":29519186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50656530/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4324827" href="https://rug.academia.edu/KarstenSchulz">Karsten Schulz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4324827" type="text/json">{"id":4324827,"first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Schulz","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"KarstenSchulz","display_name":"Karsten Schulz","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/KarstenSchulz?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4324827/1733954/11977028/s65_karsten.schulz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29519186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29519186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29519186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29519186", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29519186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29519186").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29519186").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29519186"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="190" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sociology">Environmental Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="190" type="text/json">{"id":190,"name":"Environmental Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sociology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography">Urban Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277" type="text/json">{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3126" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology">Political Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3126" type="text/json">{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29519186]'), work: {"id":29519186,"title":"Toward a Political Ecology of Biosocial Relations: Rethinking the Urban Water Metabolism Beyond the City","created_at":"2016-10-29T04:15:45.090-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29519186/Toward_a_Political_Ecology_of_Biosocial_Relations_Rethinking_the_Urban_Water_Metabolism_Beyond_the_City?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_29519186","summary":"This working paper examines the concept of metabolism and its potential as a critical analytical lens to study the contemporary city from a political perspective. The paper illustrates how the metabolism concept has been used historically, both as a metaphor to describe the technological, social, political and economic dimensions of human-environment relations, and as a concrete analytical tool to quantify and better understand how flows of matter and energy shape the territorial and spatial configurations of cityscapes. Drawing on the example of the urban water metabolism of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), the paper shows how the metabolism concept can be applied to study the politics of water in the city.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50656530,"asset_id":29519186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4324827,"first_name":"Karsten","last_name":"Schulz","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"KarstenSchulz","display_name":"Karsten Schulz","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/KarstenSchulz?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4324827/1733954/11977028/s65_karsten.schulz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":190,"name":"Environmental Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sociology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=4526"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=4526"},{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=4526"},{"id":9787,"name":"Environmental Policy and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Policy_and_Governance?f_ri=4526"},{"id":12194,"name":"Critical Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Geography?f_ri=4526"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4526"},{"id":88361,"name":"Water governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance?f_ri=4526"},{"id":102984,"name":"Urban Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Political_Ecology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":289001,"name":"Urban Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Metabolism?f_ri=4526"},{"id":386427,"name":"World-Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World-Ecology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":521084,"name":"Urban Ecology - Urban Metabolism / Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Ecology_-_Urban_Metabolism_Resilience?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1109540,"name":"Socio-hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-hydrology?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10721923" data-work_id="10721923" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10721923/Currencies">Currencies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(excerpt) "We should indeed look to watery natures for inspiration. We are all part of an oceanic commons that sustains and bonds all life. Turning to water as design muse can thus be understood as a moment of recognition, where our own... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10721923" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(excerpt) "We should indeed look to watery natures for inspiration. We are all part of an oceanic commons that sustains and bonds all life. Turning to water as design muse can thus be understood as a moment of recognition, where our own watery natures are amplified. But when we hail the ocean as teacher, do we also consider the silent slippage between gift and theft, between use and usurpation? What happens when the sea ceases to be an unknowable mystery, and is figured instead as inexhaustible resource? Water—as substance or idea—cannot be simply ours for the taking."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10721923" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="347a08140b45aa6bb4d4fdc27123f288" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36605717,"asset_id":10721923,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36605717/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148819" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/AstridaNeimanis">Astrida Neimanis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148819" type="text/json">{"id":148819,"first_name":"Astrida","last_name":"Neimanis","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"AstridaNeimanis","display_name":"Astrida Neimanis","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/AstridaNeimanis?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148819/262246/14977836/s65_astrida.neimanis.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10721923 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10721923"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10721923, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10721923", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10721923]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10721923").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10721923").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10721923"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3407" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies">Environmental Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3407" type="text/json">{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory">Cultural Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4195" type="text/json">{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10721923]'), work: {"id":10721923,"title":"Currencies","created_at":"2015-02-11T19:50:58.697-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10721923/Currencies?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_10721923","summary":"(excerpt) \"We should indeed look to watery natures for inspiration. We are all part of an oceanic commons that sustains and bonds all life. Turning to water as design muse can thus be understood as a moment of recognition, where our own watery natures are amplified. But when we hail the ocean as teacher, do we also consider the silent slippage between gift and theft, between use and usurpation? What happens when the sea ceases to be an unknowable mystery, and is figured instead as inexhaustible resource? Water—as substance or idea—cannot be simply ours for the taking.\" ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36605717,"asset_id":10721923,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148819,"first_name":"Astrida","last_name":"Neimanis","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"AstridaNeimanis","display_name":"Astrida Neimanis","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/AstridaNeimanis?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148819/262246/14977836/s65_astrida.neimanis.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526"},{"id":23193,"name":"Environmental Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Humanities?f_ri=4526"},{"id":169892,"name":"Ecocultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecocultural_Theory?f_ri=4526"},{"id":738447,"name":"Blue Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blue_Humanities?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13264437 coauthored" data-work_id="13264437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13264437/Global_monthly_water_stress_2_Water_demand_and_severity_of_water_stress">Global monthly water stress: 2. Water demand and severity of water stress</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1] This paper assesses global water stress at a finer temporal scale compared to conventional assessments. To calculate time series of global water stress at a monthly time scale, global water availability, as obtained from simulations of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13264437" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1] This paper assesses global water stress at a finer temporal scale compared to conventional assessments. To calculate time series of global water stress at a monthly time scale, global water availability, as obtained from simulations of monthly river discharge from the companion paper, is confronted with global monthly water demand. Water demand is defined here as the volume of water required by users to satisfy their needs. Water demand is calculated for the benchmark year of 2000 and contrasted against blue water availability, reflecting climatic variability over the period 1958-2001. Despite the use of the single benchmark year with monthly variations in water demand, simulated water stress agrees well with long-term records of observed water shortage in temperate, (sub)tropical, and (semi)arid countries, indicating that on shorter (i.e., decadal) time scales, climatic variability is often the main determinant of water stress. With the monthly resolution the number of people experiencing water scarcity increases by more than 40% compared to conventional annual assessments that do not account for seasonality and interannual variability. The results show that blue water stress is often intense and frequent in densely populated regions (e.g., India, United States, Spain, and northeastern China). By this method, regions vulnerable to infrequent but detrimental water stress could be equally identified (e.g., southeastern United Kingdom and northwestern Russia).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13264437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2ea1db2298e22eaca1fa00b07d97103" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45534086,"asset_id":13264437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45534086/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32521846" href="https://uu.academia.edu/MarcBierkens">Marc Bierkens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32521846" type="text/json">{"id":32521846,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bierkens","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"MarcBierkens","display_name":"Marc Bierkens","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/MarcBierkens?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13264437">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13264437"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YoshihideWada">Yoshihide Wada</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13264437'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13264437').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13264437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13264437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13264437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13264437", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13264437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13264437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13264437"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13264437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13264437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13264437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13264437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13264437").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13264437").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13264437"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability">Water Availability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6497" type="text/json">{"id":6497,"name":"Water Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13264437]'), work: {"id":13264437,"title":"Global monthly water stress: 2. Water demand and severity of water stress","created_at":"2015-06-25T00:31:34.729-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13264437/Global_monthly_water_stress_2_Water_demand_and_severity_of_water_stress?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_13264437","summary":"1] This paper assesses global water stress at a finer temporal scale compared to conventional assessments. To calculate time series of global water stress at a monthly time scale, global water availability, as obtained from simulations of monthly river discharge from the companion paper, is confronted with global monthly water demand. Water demand is defined here as the volume of water required by users to satisfy their needs. Water demand is calculated for the benchmark year of 2000 and contrasted against blue water availability, reflecting climatic variability over the period 1958-2001. Despite the use of the single benchmark year with monthly variations in water demand, simulated water stress agrees well with long-term records of observed water shortage in temperate, (sub)tropical, and (semi)arid countries, indicating that on shorter (i.e., decadal) time scales, climatic variability is often the main determinant of water stress. With the monthly resolution the number of people experiencing water scarcity increases by more than 40% compared to conventional annual assessments that do not account for seasonality and interannual variability. The results show that blue water stress is often intense and frequent in densely populated regions (e.g., India, United States, Spain, and northeastern China). By this method, regions vulnerable to infrequent but detrimental water stress could be equally identified (e.g., southeastern United Kingdom and northwestern Russia).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45534086,"asset_id":13264437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32521846,"first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bierkens","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"MarcBierkens","display_name":"Marc Bierkens","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/MarcBierkens?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32567658,"first_name":"Yoshihide","last_name":"Wada","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YoshihideWada","display_name":"Yoshihide Wada","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YoshihideWada?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":6497,"name":"Water Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Availability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":66263,"name":"Water Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand?f_ri=4526"},{"id":122396,"name":"Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Stress?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5007556" data-work_id="5007556" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/5007556/Water_Consumption_Based_on_a_Disaggregated_Social_Accounting_Matrix_of_Huesca_Spain">Water Consumption Based on a Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix of Huesca (Spain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Making use of the social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish province of Huesca in 2002, updated following Junius and Oosterhaven's GRAS method and work by Lenzen and colleagues, we have estimated the water footprint of the region. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5007556" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Making use of the social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish province of Huesca in 2002, updated following Junius and Oosterhaven's GRAS method and work by Lenzen and colleagues, we have estimated the water footprint of the region. The water footprint is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants plus the direct consumption in the households. We built an open Leontief model, which gives us the water embodied in the production of goods. The valuations concern the industrial, service, and domestic sectors’ water consumption, the embodied water imported from and exported to other countries, and the agrarian water use. This agrarian sector, clearly the sector that shows the greatest water consumption, is carefully examined, so it is disaggregated for the calculations into 31 irrigation land products, dry land, and 9 livestock classifications. As a consequence, the framework enables the observation of the relationships and flows of water taking place among all the sectors and activities in the economy. Finally, we also make use of the per capita water footprint estimations to get a clear picture of how the responsibility for water use is distributed once foreign trade is taken into account.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5007556" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df694f15037bff5badda2fc9ddabe5b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49489264,"asset_id":5007556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49489264/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6639091" rel="nofollow" href="https://rpi.academia.edu/IgnacioCazcarro">Ignacio Cazcarro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6639091" type="text/json">{"id":6639091,"first_name":"Ignacio","last_name":"Cazcarro","domain_name":"rpi","page_name":"IgnacioCazcarro","display_name":"Ignacio Cazcarro","profile_url":"https://rpi.academia.edu/IgnacioCazcarro?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5007556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5007556"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5007556, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5007556", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5007556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5007556; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5007556"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5007556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5007556"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5007556; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5007556]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5007556").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5007556").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5007556"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output_Economics">Input Output Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6639" type="text/json">{"id":6639,"name":"Input Output Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain">Spain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40516" type="text/json">{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis">Input-Output Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40523" type="text/json">{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5007556]'), work: {"id":5007556,"title":"Water Consumption Based on a Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix of Huesca (Spain","created_at":"2013-11-05T22:44:25.848-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5007556/Water_Consumption_Based_on_a_Disaggregated_Social_Accounting_Matrix_of_Huesca_Spain?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_5007556","summary":"Making use of the social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish province of Huesca in 2002, updated following Junius and Oosterhaven's GRAS method and work by Lenzen and colleagues, we have estimated the water footprint of the region. The water footprint is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants plus the direct consumption in the households. We built an open Leontief model, which gives us the water embodied in the production of goods. The valuations concern the industrial, service, and domestic sectors’ water consumption, the embodied water imported from and exported to other countries, and the agrarian water use. This agrarian sector, clearly the sector that shows the greatest water consumption, is carefully examined, so it is disaggregated for the calculations into 31 irrigation land products, dry land, and 9 livestock classifications. As a consequence, the framework enables the observation of the relationships and flows of water taking place among all the sectors and activities in the economy. Finally, we also make use of the per capita water footprint estimations to get a clear picture of how the responsibility for water use is distributed once foreign trade is taken into account.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49489264,"asset_id":5007556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6639091,"first_name":"Ignacio","last_name":"Cazcarro","domain_name":"rpi","page_name":"IgnacioCazcarro","display_name":"Ignacio Cazcarro","profile_url":"https://rpi.academia.edu/IgnacioCazcarro?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":6639,"name":"Input Output Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":40523,"name":"Input-Output Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input-Output_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":318476,"name":"Virtual Water and Water Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Water_and_Water_Footprint?f_ri=4526"},{"id":596272,"name":"Huesca","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Huesca?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21378141" data-work_id="21378141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21378141/Land_use_change_in_a_200_year_period_and_its_effect_on_blue_and_green_water_flow_in_two_Slovenian_Mediterranean_catchments_lessons_for_the_future">Land use change in a 200-year period and its effect on blue and green water flow in two Slovenian Mediterranean catchments— lessons for the future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21378141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the influential driving factors of landscape development provide an essential basis for tackling current environmental questions in land and water management. Hence, this article investigates the influence of historical land use pattern on the hydrological processes and provision of blue and green water flow and storage for man and ecosystems under current climate conditions. Moreover, we discuss in how far these findings could be used to predict or optimise future land management options or as a reference for future land and water management. We used digitalized historical land use maps from 1787, 1827, 1940 and 1984 and a digital land use map of present situation from 2009 for our study areas, which are two small scale Slovenian catchments (Reka and Dragonja). The integrated river basin model soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate the land use change effects on blue and green water flow. The results showed for both catchments that the influence of land use change on total and green water quantity would be statistically insignificant but would have considerable effects on the seasonal flows. In the Reka catchment, historical situations indicate effects on spring and summer blue and green water flow due to a decreased percentage of forest and an increased percentage of grassland and vineyards in the past. Results for the Dragonja catchment indicate past shift from arable land use to forest as decrease in summer green water flow and increase in blue water flow. Possible effects are also increased levels of blue water flow and decreased levels of green water flow during the growing period of the year.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21378141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="010d275b36315d32bf0c98a0b9cc6d42" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41842012,"asset_id":21378141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41842012/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1739183" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan">Matjaž Glavan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1739183" type="text/json">{"id":1739183,"first_name":"Matjaž","last_name":"Glavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatjažGlavan","display_name":"Matjaž Glavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1739183/598270/743163/s65_matja_.glavan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21378141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21378141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21378141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21378141", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21378141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21378141; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21378141"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21378141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21378141"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21378141; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21378141]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21378141").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21378141").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21378141"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21378141]'), work: {"id":21378141,"title":"Land use change in a 200-year period and its effect on blue and green water flow in two Slovenian Mediterranean catchments— lessons for the future","created_at":"2016-02-01T01:46:40.596-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21378141/Land_use_change_in_a_200_year_period_and_its_effect_on_blue_and_green_water_flow_in_two_Slovenian_Mediterranean_catchments_lessons_for_the_future?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_21378141","summary":"The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the influential driving factors of landscape development provide an essential basis for tackling current environmental questions in land and water management. Hence, this article investigates the influence of historical land use pattern on the hydrological processes and provision of blue and green water flow and storage for man and ecosystems under current climate conditions. Moreover, we discuss in how far these findings could be used to predict or optimise future land management options or as a reference for future land and water management. We used digitalized historical land use maps from 1787, 1827, 1940 and 1984 and a digital land use map of present situation from 2009 for our study areas, which are two small scale Slovenian catchments (Reka and Dragonja). The integrated river basin model soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate the land use change effects on blue and green water flow. The results showed for both catchments that the influence of land use change on total and green water quantity would be statistically insignificant but would have considerable effects on the seasonal flows. In the Reka catchment, historical situations indicate effects on spring and summer blue and green water flow due to a decreased percentage of forest and an increased percentage of grassland and vineyards in the past. Results for the Dragonja catchment indicate past shift from arable land use to forest as decrease in summer green water flow and increase in blue water flow. Possible effects are also increased levels of blue water flow and decreased levels of green water flow during the growing period of the year.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41842012,"asset_id":21378141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1739183,"first_name":"Matjaž","last_name":"Glavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatjažGlavan","display_name":"Matjaž Glavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1739183/598270/743163/s65_matja_.glavan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26598277" data-work_id="26598277" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26598277/A_dimensionless_parameter_approach_to_the_thermal_behavior_of_an_aquifer_thermal_energy_storage_system">A dimensionless parameter approach to the thermal behavior of an aquifer thermal energy storage system</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To predict the performance of an aquifer thermal energy storage system, an understanding of the system's hydrothermal behavior is needed. One possibility is to run a detailed numerical simulation of the system. However, for a single-well... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26598277" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To predict the performance of an aquifer thermal energy storage system, an understanding of the system's hydrothermal behavior is needed. One possibility is to run a detailed numerical simulation of the system. However, for a single-well system in which fluid flow is limited to steady radial flow, a characterization scheme based on a set of four dimensionless parameter groups allows production temperatures and energy recovery factors to be read from graphs. The assumption of radial fluid flow is valid when buoyancy flow can be neglected and a well is fully screened in a horizontal aquifer which is confined above and below by impermeable layers. Criteria for little buoyancy flow include a low permeability or vertically stratified aquifer, a small temperature difference between injected and ambient water. and short cycle leneth The ha.•ie enerov tranannrt ., ,.., ........ •,.• ....... r layer system with steady radial fluid flow in the aquifer are nondimensionalized to derive the key parameter groups. Next a numerical model which calculates the heat transfer in the aquifer and confining layers for an injection-storage-production cycle is run for a range of values of these groups. The calculated production temperatures and energy recovery factors are then presented graphically as a function of the parameter groups. Comparisons between results of field experiments and recovery factors read from the graphs show good agreement. ATES cycl• [Tsang eta!., 1977; Fabris et al., 1977]. Recently, Sauty et al. [1980a] have studied the thermal behavior of a simplified single-well ATES system in terms of , a set of dimensionless groups. A few heat storage field experiments in either confined</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26598277" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6e7da60ba17a58bab15086657df7002" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46885808,"asset_id":26598277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46885808/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50579127" href="https://lu.academia.edu/JohanClaesson">Johan Claesson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50579127" type="text/json">{"id":50579127,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Claesson","domain_name":"lu","page_name":"JohanClaesson","display_name":"Johan Claesson","profile_url":"https://lu.academia.edu/JohanClaesson?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26598277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26598277"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26598277, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26598277", }); 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One possibility is to run a detailed numerical simulation of the system. However, for a single-well system in which fluid flow is limited to steady radial flow, a characterization scheme based on a set of four dimensionless parameter groups allows production temperatures and energy recovery factors to be read from graphs. The assumption of radial fluid flow is valid when buoyancy flow can be neglected and a well is fully screened in a horizontal aquifer which is confined above and below by impermeable layers. Criteria for little buoyancy flow include a low permeability or vertically stratified aquifer, a small temperature difference between injected and ambient water. and short cycle leneth The ha.•ie enerov tranannrt ., ,.., ........ •,.• ....... r layer system with steady radial fluid flow in the aquifer are nondimensionalized to derive the key parameter groups. Next a numerical model which calculates the heat transfer in the aquifer and confining layers for an injection-storage-production cycle is run for a range of values of these groups. The calculated production temperatures and energy recovery factors are then presented graphically as a function of the parameter groups. Comparisons between results of field experiments and recovery factors read from the graphs show good agreement. ATES cycl• [Tsang eta!., 1977; Fabris et al., 1977]. Recently, Sauty et al. [1980a] have studied the thermal behavior of a simplified single-well ATES system in terms of , a set of dimensionless groups. A few heat storage field experiments in either confined","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46885808,"asset_id":26598277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50579127,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Claesson","domain_name":"lu","page_name":"JohanClaesson","display_name":"Johan Claesson","profile_url":"https://lu.academia.edu/JohanClaesson?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":8067,"name":"Heat Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":13386,"name":"Heat 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Gude","profile_url":"https://msstate.academia.edu/VeeraGnaneswarGude?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9193502/3299744/19400480/s65_veera_gnaneswar.gude.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7841695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7841695"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7841695, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7841695", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7841695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7841695; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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storage for desalination processes powered by renewable energy and waste heat sources","created_at":"2014-08-01T05:20:55.028-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7841695/Energy_storage_for_desalination_processes_powered_by_renewable_energy_and_waste_heat_sources?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_7841695","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34338939,"asset_id":7841695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9193502,"first_name":"Veera Gnaneswar","last_name":"Gude","domain_name":"msstate","page_name":"VeeraGnaneswarGude","display_name":"Veera Gnaneswar Gude","profile_url":"https://msstate.academia.edu/VeeraGnaneswarGude?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9193502/3299744/19400480/s65_veera_gnaneswar.gude.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526"},{"id":756,"name":"Environmental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526"},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=4526"},{"id":6284,"name":"Water and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=4526"},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":9990,"name":"Water Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Treatment?f_ri=4526"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=4526"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9365454/1_02_1996E1_Rein_Andr%C3%A9_ROOS_book_The_Forgotten_Pollution">1-02(1996E1) Rein André ROOS, book: The Forgotten Pollution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Increasing pace of Industrialization throughout the world has brought with It a serious, and ever Increasing threat from air pollution. It Is true that this threat Is being taken seriously, and that many responsible research workers,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9365454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Increasing pace of Industrialization throughout the world has brought with It a serious, and ever Increasing threat from air pollution. It Is true that this threat Is being taken seriously, and that many responsible research workers, government advisers and others are working towards Its reduction. But air pollution seems to have something of the nature of a hydra-headed monster: tackle one problem and another immediately grows to take its place. Actions taken sometimes have results that are far from what was envisioned, sometimes even seeming to make the problem worse. <br /> <br />In "The Forgotten Pollution", Roos shows clearly and In an often entertaining way, how many of the "unexpected" side effects of pollution by waste gases and particles can be explained by paying attention to the electrical activity of the atmosphere and the earth. <br />Using an Instrument, which he has developed the Electrostatic Charged Aerosol Monitor (ECAM), together with other instruments and reference to the literature, much of it dating back to the early days of science, when electrostatics was appreciated as a science more than It Is today, Roos has succeeded In explaining many hitherto "puzzling" phenomena in a clear, simple and intellectually satisfying way.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9365454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74942f1fdc9d416b77c7d19cb8eafcc5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35618401,"asset_id":9365454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35618401/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="387879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReinAndreRoos">Rein Andre Roos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="387879" type="text/json">{"id":387879,"first_name":"Rein Andre","last_name":"Roos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReinAndreRoos","display_name":"Rein Andre Roos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReinAndreRoos?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/387879/6610349/7472257/s65_rein_andre.roos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9365454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9365454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9365454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9365454", }); 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It Is true that this threat Is being taken seriously, and that many responsible research workers, government advisers and others are working towards Its reduction. But air pollution seems to have something of the nature of a hydra-headed monster: tackle one problem and another immediately grows to take its place. Actions taken sometimes have results that are far from what was envisioned, sometimes even seeming to make the problem worse.\r\n\r\nIn \"The Forgotten Pollution\", Roos shows clearly and In an often entertaining way, how many of the \"unexpected\" side effects of pollution by waste gases and particles can be explained by paying attention to the electrical activity of the atmosphere and the earth. \r\nUsing an Instrument, which he has developed the Electrostatic Charged Aerosol Monitor (ECAM), together with other instruments and reference to the literature, much of it dating back to the early days of science, when electrostatics was appreciated as a science more than It Is today, Roos has succeeded In explaining many hitherto \"puzzling\" phenomena in a clear, simple and intellectually satisfying way.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35618401,"asset_id":9365454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":387879,"first_name":"Rein Andre","last_name":"Roos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReinAndreRoos","display_name":"Rein Andre Roos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReinAndreRoos?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/387879/6610349/7472257/s65_rein_andre.roos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":66,"name":"Agricultural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":1292,"name":"Health Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2696,"name":"Power Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Electronics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3707,"name":"Climate change policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3755,"name":"Meteorology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meteorology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4062,"name":"Boundary Layer Meteorology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boundary_Layer_Meteorology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water 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Effects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollution_and_Health_Effects?f_ri=4526"},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=4526"},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=4526"},{"id":21559,"name":"Health Care Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":21685,"name":"Watershed Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Watershed_Hydrology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=4526"},{"id":87501,"name":"Aerosol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerosol?f_ri=4526"},{"id":98914,"name":"Meteorology \u0026 Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meteorology_and_Climatology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":255822,"name":"Electronics Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_Engineering?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4983185" data-work_id="4983185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4983185/A_linear_model_for_the_coupled_surface_subsurface_flow_in_a_meandering_stream">A linear model for the coupled surface-subsurface flow in a meandering stream</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1] The interest about the exchange of water between streams and aquifers has been increasing among the hydrologic community because of the implications of the exchange of heat, solutes, and colloids for the water quality of aquatic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4983185" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1] The interest about the exchange of water between streams and aquifers has been increasing among the hydrologic community because of the implications of the exchange of heat, solutes, and colloids for the water quality of aquatic environments. Unfortunately, our understanding of the relevance of the exchange processes is limited by the great number of coupled hydrological and geomorphological factors that interact to generate the complex spatial patterns of exchange. In this context, the present work presents a mathematical model for the surface-subsurface exchange through the streambed of a meandering stream. The model is based on the linearization of the equations that govern the hydrodynamics and the morphodynamics of the system, and it provides a first-order analytical solution of the coupled flow field of both the surface and the subsurface flows. The results show that stream curvature determines a characteristic spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange, with water upwelling and downwelling concentrated near the stream banks. The exchange can drive surface water deep into the sediments, thus keeping deep alluvium regions connected with the stream. The relationships between hyporheic exchange flux and the geometrical and hydrodynamical properties of the stream-aquifer system are also investigated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4983185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbd339f9ef557245d35c14dd5467133a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49500832,"asset_id":4983185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49500832/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6587042" href="https://polito.academia.edu/RobertoRevelli">Roberto Revelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6587042" type="text/json">{"id":6587042,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Revelli","domain_name":"polito","page_name":"RobertoRevelli","display_name":"Roberto Revelli","profile_url":"https://polito.academia.edu/RobertoRevelli?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6587042/3844049/4497715/s65_roberto.revelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4983185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4983185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4983185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4983185", }); 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Unfortunately, our understanding of the relevance of the exchange processes is limited by the great number of coupled hydrological and geomorphological factors that interact to generate the complex spatial patterns of exchange. In this context, the present work presents a mathematical model for the surface-subsurface exchange through the streambed of a meandering stream. The model is based on the linearization of the equations that govern the hydrodynamics and the morphodynamics of the system, and it provides a first-order analytical solution of the coupled flow field of both the surface and the subsurface flows. The results show that stream curvature determines a characteristic spatial pattern of hyporheic exchange, with water upwelling and downwelling concentrated near the stream banks. The exchange can drive surface water deep into the sediments, thus keeping deep alluvium regions connected with the stream. The relationships between hyporheic exchange flux and the geometrical and hydrodynamical properties of the stream-aquifer system are also investigated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49500832,"asset_id":4983185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6587042,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Revelli","domain_name":"polito","page_name":"RobertoRevelli","display_name":"Roberto Revelli","profile_url":"https://polito.academia.edu/RobertoRevelli?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6587042/3844049/4497715/s65_roberto.revelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":56503,"name":"Linear Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":181847,"name":"First-Order Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First-Order_Logic?f_ri=4526"},{"id":286413,"name":"Spatial Pattern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Pattern?f_ri=4526"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4526"},{"id":958451,"name":"Subsurface Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsurface_Flow?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1357232" data-work_id="1357232" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1357232/Yeni_Bir_Su_Politikas%C4%B1na_Do%C4%9Fru_T%C3%BCrkiyede_Su_Y%C3%B6netimi_Alternatifler_ve_%C3%96neriler">Yeni Bir Su Politikasına Doğru: Türkiye'de Su Yönetimi, Alternatifler ve Öneriler</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The process of privatization in Turkey started as a result of some agreements signed with the World Bank and the IMF in the 1980s. A decade later this process started to include also water services and became already dominant by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1357232" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The process of privatization in Turkey started as a result of some agreements signed with the World Bank and the IMF in the 1980s. A decade later this process started to include also water services and became already dominant by the beginning of 2000. The main actors of privatization in the world are a few water multinationals, some international organizations such as the World Water Council (WWC) a global water privatization lobby that builds the necessary social, economic, and legal grounds for these corporations to create a global water market and take control of it, and the nation-states which are in an increasing competition for “development”. The main discourse of these actors is that the growing world population despite the limited and constant amount of water resources causes a global water crisis and the public sector fails to deal with it. This view became also official in Turkey within decades resulting in global scale gatherings taking place in the country such as the 5th World Water Forum (WWF) in 2009 organized by the WWC. <br />First, contrary to this discourse, the growing pressure on the world’s water resources results from increasing demand from unsustainable economic activities rather than the increasing human need for water due to population growth. For as much as, only 15% of total water consumption in Turkey is urban while 85% is agricultural and industrial together. For this reason, the decrease in water use per capita per year fails in explaining the water crisis in Turkey. In addition, Turkey aims at increasing its share, in both agricultural and industrial sectors, in the global market. This means that pressure on water resources will grow and an increasing share of water will be used for meeting the demands of economic sectors instead of human needs. Second, the public sector is not primarily responsible for failing to deal with water problems. In both, the world and Turkey privatization in the water domain has a relatively short history while it is the contrary for the public sector. Even though the public sector in Turkey has long been affected adversely by centralist and anti-democratic structures, it provides us with much experience and many lessons to learn in water management. Instead of abandoning the public sector as the pro-privatization lobbies suggest, it seems essential to redefine the meaning of public and search for ways to make it closer to citizens and the local scale through public participation. <br />In the last decades, many social and ecological problems arose around the globe due to practices of privatization. These problems caused various social counter-movements in almost every country they occurred. To overcome this problem, the pro-privatization lobby, through its international think-tanks and investment organizations, defined a “new” term called Public-Private Partnership (PPP) which is neither new nor has anything to do with public content but privatization itself. As a result of many reforms of commercialization and privatization of water resources and services in Turkey: i) water has become an economic commodity rather than a human right, ii) the cost of water has risen while its quality has dropped down; iii) water services have become profit-driven rather than human-centered; iv) water consumption has been promoted rather than water conservation; v) private companies have become richer from common property water resources while some economically disadvantaged people and locals such as the river basin communities have become poorer; vi) water multinationals have taken risks whose price are often paid by the public; vii) local governments have become increasingly dependent on multinationals, and viii) corruption has flourished. In defending water resources and water as human rights, there is a growing need for Public Public Partnership (PuP) in contrast with PPP. Water, which belongs to the public, should naturally be managed in the hands of the public. <br />This field study is based on in-depth interviews and focuses on group meetings held with over 60 key water actors in Ankara, Batman, Diyarbakır, İstanbul, and Van in May and November 2011. Among these actors were mayors and technical staff working in municipalities and “water and sanitation services authorities”, activists of civil society organizations, and academics working on the water policy and management in Turkey. Actors indicate that a new water policy should adopt the following principles in Turkey: <br />• Water is neither an instrument for building hegemony in the region (in particular the Middle East) nor a national security weapon, but an opportunity for promoting dialogue and peace among states and nations. <br />• Water is not an instrument of economic development, but a fundamental right to life for both humans and other living beings. <br />• The main actors of water management are neither water corporations nor central government bureaucrats, but people. <br />• As water is a right for all living beings including humans, its management should not be in the hands of water corporations and the central government supporting them, but in the hands of the public. <br />• The sacrifice of the locals for the so-called “general public good” is the root cause of all social-ecological injustice. <br />• An essential approach in water management is not more consumption, but conservation of water resources. <br />• Raising the cost of water is not the best but the most unjust way of conserving water resources as it creates more debts for economically disadvantaged people. <br />• The scale of water management is not defined by the nation-states but the water basin itself. <br />The building of a new water policy under the guidance of these principles could only be possible with the involvement of the local actors. This study shows that local authorities should shoulder several responsibilities at the stage of defining a new water policy and empowering it so that it challenges the existing one. The success of both stages depends entirely on the local authorities’ performance in attracting a growing public involvement from all segments of society. One efficient way to achieve such performance is an exchange of experience and political empowerment through PuPs at regional, national and global scales.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1357232" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="beef1b86b54359fdd4cf8f5f5631ad9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":8445047,"asset_id":1357232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8445047/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="705686" href="https://boun.academia.edu/Akg%C3%BCn%C4%B0lhan">Akgün İlhan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="705686" type="text/json">{"id":705686,"first_name":"Akgün","last_name":"İlhan","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"Akgünİlhan","display_name":"Akgün İlhan","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/Akg%C3%BCn%C4%B0lhan?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/705686/420795/35208477/s65_akg_n.i_lhan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1357232 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1357232"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1357232, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1357232", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1357232]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1357232").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1357232").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1357232"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19675" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey">Modern Turkey</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19675" type="text/json">{"id":19675,"name":"Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1357232]'), work: {"id":1357232,"title":"Yeni Bir Su Politikasına Doğru: Türkiye'de Su Yönetimi, Alternatifler ve Öneriler","created_at":"2012-02-07T18:09:58.639-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1357232/Yeni_Bir_Su_Politikas%C4%B1na_Do%C4%9Fru_T%C3%BCrkiyede_Su_Y%C3%B6netimi_Alternatifler_ve_%C3%96neriler?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_1357232","summary":"The process of privatization in Turkey started as a result of some agreements signed with the World Bank and the IMF in the 1980s. A decade later this process started to include also water services and became already dominant by the beginning of 2000. The main actors of privatization in the world are a few water multinationals, some international organizations such as the World Water Council (WWC) a global water privatization lobby that builds the necessary social, economic, and legal grounds for these corporations to create a global water market and take control of it, and the nation-states which are in an increasing competition for “development”. The main discourse of these actors is that the growing world population despite the limited and constant amount of water resources causes a global water crisis and the public sector fails to deal with it. This view became also official in Turkey within decades resulting in global scale gatherings taking place in the country such as the 5th World Water Forum (WWF) in 2009 organized by the WWC. \r\nFirst, contrary to this discourse, the growing pressure on the world’s water resources results from increasing demand from unsustainable economic activities rather than the increasing human need for water due to population growth. For as much as, only 15% of total water consumption in Turkey is urban while 85% is agricultural and industrial together. For this reason, the decrease in water use per capita per year fails in explaining the water crisis in Turkey. In addition, Turkey aims at increasing its share, in both agricultural and industrial sectors, in the global market. This means that pressure on water resources will grow and an increasing share of water will be used for meeting the demands of economic sectors instead of human needs. Second, the public sector is not primarily responsible for failing to deal with water problems. In both, the world and Turkey privatization in the water domain has a relatively short history while it is the contrary for the public sector. Even though the public sector in Turkey has long been affected adversely by centralist and anti-democratic structures, it provides us with much experience and many lessons to learn in water management. Instead of abandoning the public sector as the pro-privatization lobbies suggest, it seems essential to redefine the meaning of public and search for ways to make it closer to citizens and the local scale through public participation. \r\nIn the last decades, many social and ecological problems arose around the globe due to practices of privatization. These problems caused various social counter-movements in almost every country they occurred. To overcome this problem, the pro-privatization lobby, through its international think-tanks and investment organizations, defined a “new” term called Public-Private Partnership (PPP) which is neither new nor has anything to do with public content but privatization itself. As a result of many reforms of commercialization and privatization of water resources and services in Turkey: i) water has become an economic commodity rather than a human right, ii) the cost of water has risen while its quality has dropped down; iii) water services have become profit-driven rather than human-centered; iv) water consumption has been promoted rather than water conservation; v) private companies have become richer from common property water resources while some economically disadvantaged people and locals such as the river basin communities have become poorer; vi) water multinationals have taken risks whose price are often paid by the public; vii) local governments have become increasingly dependent on multinationals, and viii) corruption has flourished. In defending water resources and water as human rights, there is a growing need for Public Public Partnership (PuP) in contrast with PPP. Water, which belongs to the public, should naturally be managed in the hands of the public. \r\nThis field study is based on in-depth interviews and focuses on group meetings held with over 60 key water actors in Ankara, Batman, Diyarbakır, İstanbul, and Van in May and November 2011. Among these actors were mayors and technical staff working in municipalities and “water and sanitation services authorities”, activists of civil society organizations, and academics working on the water policy and management in Turkey. Actors indicate that a new water policy should adopt the following principles in Turkey: \r\n•\tWater is neither an instrument for building hegemony in the region (in particular the Middle East) nor a national security weapon, but an opportunity for promoting dialogue and peace among states and nations. \r\n•\tWater is not an instrument of economic development, but a fundamental right to life for both humans and other living beings. \r\n•\tThe main actors of water management are neither water corporations nor central government bureaucrats, but people. \r\n•\tAs water is a right for all living beings including humans, its management should not be in the hands of water corporations and the central government supporting them, but in the hands of the public. \r\n•\tThe sacrifice of the locals for the so-called “general public good” is the root cause of all social-ecological injustice. \r\n•\tAn essential approach in water management is not more consumption, but conservation of water resources. \r\n•\tRaising the cost of water is not the best but the most unjust way of conserving water resources as it creates more debts for economically disadvantaged people. \r\n•\tThe scale of water management is not defined by the nation-states but the water basin itself. \r\nThe building of a new water policy under the guidance of these principles could only be possible with the involvement of the local actors. This study shows that local authorities should shoulder several responsibilities at the stage of defining a new water policy and empowering it so that it challenges the existing one. The success of both stages depends entirely on the local authorities’ performance in attracting a growing public involvement from all segments of society. One efficient way to achieve such performance is an exchange of experience and political empowerment through PuPs at regional, national and global scales.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":8445047,"asset_id":1357232,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":705686,"first_name":"Akgün","last_name":"İlhan","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"Akgünİlhan","display_name":"Akgün İlhan","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/Akg%C3%BCn%C4%B0lhan?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/705686/420795/35208477/s65_akg_n.i_lhan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":19675,"name":"Modern Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Turkey?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78579150" data-work_id="78579150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78579150/A_concept_for_data_driven_uncertainty_quantification_and_its_application_to_carbon_dioxide_storage_in_geological_formations">A concept for data-driven uncertainty quantification and its application to carbon dioxide storage in geological formations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78579150" data-share-source="work_strip" 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78255319/Advances_in_the_application_and_utility_of_subseasonal_to_seasonal_predictions">Advances in the application and utility of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictive timescale, encompassing lead times ranging from 2 weeks to a season, is at the frontier of forecasting science. Forecasts on this timescale provide opportunities for enhanced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78255319" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictive timescale, encompassing lead times ranging from 2 weeks to a season, is at the frontier of forecasting science. Forecasts on this timescale provide opportunities for enhanced application-focused capabilities to complement existing weather and climate services and products. There is, however, a ‘knowledge-value’ gap, where a lack of evidence and awareness of the potential socio-economic benefits of S2S forecasts limits their wider uptake. To address this gap, here we present the first global community effort at summarizing relevant applications of S2S forecasts to guide further decision-making and support the continued development of S2S forecasts and related services. Focusing on 12 sectoral case studies spanning public health, agriculture, water resource management, renewable energy and utilities, and emergency management and response, we draw on recent advancements to explore their application and utility. 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Forecasts on this timescale provide opportunities for enhanced application-focused capabilities to complement existing weather and climate services and products. There is, however, a ‘knowledge-value’ gap, where a lack of evidence and awareness of the potential socio-economic benefits of S2S forecasts limits their wider uptake. To address this gap, here we present the first global community effort at summarizing relevant applications of S2S forecasts to guide further decision-making and support the continued development of S2S forecasts and related services. Focusing on 12 sectoral case studies spanning public health, agriculture, water resource management, renewable energy and utilities, and emergency management and response, we draw on recent advancements to explore their application and utility. These case studies mark a sign...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85365861,"asset_id":78255319,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":205295783,"first_name":"Elijah","last_name":"Adefisan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElijahAdefisan","display_name":"Elijah Adefisan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElijahAdefisan?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205295783/65908809/54252573/s65_elijah.adefisan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":3754,"name":"Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":53314,"name":"GE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GE?f_ri=4526","nofollow":false},{"id":60285,"name":"Atmospheric sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_sciences?f_ri=4526"},{"id":116626,"name":"Weather and climate modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weather_and_climate_modeling?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3737104,"name":"Subseasonal to Seasonal Forecasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subseasonal_to_Seasonal_Forecasts?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72367036" data-work_id="72367036" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72367036/Fuzzy_Logic_Modelling_of_the_Effects_of_Pollution_on_Domestic_Roof_Harvested_Rainwater_Quality_in_Residential_and_Industrial_Environments">Fuzzy Logic Modelling of the Effects of Pollution on Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater Quality in Residential and Industrial Environments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study presents the effects of environmental pollution on the quality of domestic roof-harvested rainwater (DRHRW) using fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). Seven metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and six water-quality... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72367036" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study presents the effects of environmental pollution on the quality of domestic roof-harvested rainwater (DRHRW) using fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). Seven metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and six water-quality parameters (Acidity, PO4 (3-), SO4 (2-), NO3 (-) , Cl(-), and pH) were investigated in DRHRW sampled from 12 sampling points each from Ibadan (residential) and Lagos (industrial) environments, Nigeria. The results of these parameters were formulated into membership function fuzzy matrices based on four contamination classifications of high, marginal, low, and poor qualities using regulatory limits as criteria. The products membership function matrices and weight matrices generated indices that classified the degree of anthropogenic activity impact on the sites. Results of FCA classified the DRHRW from residential environment as between high and marginal quality, whereas DRHRW from industrial environment is classified between marginal and low quality. Lead ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72367036" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2461bca63527d71765fa915ad47a3a43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81321204,"asset_id":72367036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81321204/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17106548" href="https://universityoflagos.academia.edu/FolusoAgunbiade">Foluso Agunbiade</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17106548" type="text/json">{"id":17106548,"first_name":"Foluso","last_name":"Agunbiade","domain_name":"universityoflagos","page_name":"FolusoAgunbiade","display_name":"Foluso Agunbiade","profile_url":"https://universityoflagos.academia.edu/FolusoAgunbiade?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72367036 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72367036"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72367036, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72367036", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72367036]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72367036").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72367036").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72367036"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic">Fuzzy Logic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4165" type="text/json">{"id":4165,"name":"Fuzzy Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11976" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution">Air pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11976" type="text/json">{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72367036]'), work: {"id":72367036,"title":"Fuzzy Logic Modelling of the Effects of Pollution on Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater Quality in Residential and Industrial Environments","created_at":"2022-02-23T20:47:44.287-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72367036/Fuzzy_Logic_Modelling_of_the_Effects_of_Pollution_on_Domestic_Roof_Harvested_Rainwater_Quality_in_Residential_and_Industrial_Environments?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_72367036","summary":"This study presents the effects of environmental pollution on the quality of domestic roof-harvested rainwater (DRHRW) using fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA). Seven metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and six water-quality parameters (Acidity, PO4 (3-), SO4 (2-), NO3 (-) , Cl(-), and pH) were investigated in DRHRW sampled from 12 sampling points each from Ibadan (residential) and Lagos (industrial) environments, Nigeria. The results of these parameters were formulated into membership function fuzzy matrices based on four contamination classifications of high, marginal, low, and poor qualities using regulatory limits as criteria. The products membership function matrices and weight matrices generated indices that classified the degree of anthropogenic activity impact on the sites. Results of FCA classified the DRHRW from residential environment as between high and marginal quality, whereas DRHRW from industrial environment is classified between marginal and low quality. Lead ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81321204,"asset_id":72367036,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17106548,"first_name":"Foluso","last_name":"Agunbiade","domain_name":"universityoflagos","page_name":"FolusoAgunbiade","display_name":"Foluso Agunbiade","profile_url":"https://universityoflagos.academia.edu/FolusoAgunbiade?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4165,"name":"Fuzzy Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Logic?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4526"},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=4526"},{"id":85280,"name":"Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry?f_ri=4526"},{"id":184470,"name":"Rain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rain?f_ri=4526"},{"id":613465,"name":"Statistical models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_models?f_ri=4526"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70910375" data-work_id="70910375" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/70910375/Sharing_water_engineering_the_Indus_Water_Treaty">Sharing water: engineering the Indus Water Treaty</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When Pakistan and India achieved independence in 1947, their boundaries and the disputed state of Kashmir lay directly across the vast and vital Indus river basin. This quickly led to a still-simmering row over territorial rights and a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70910375" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When Pakistan and India achieved independence in 1947, their boundaries and the disputed state of Kashmir lay directly across the vast and vital Indus river basin. This quickly led to a still-simmering row over territorial rights and a similarly entrenched but more resolved conflict on water rights. During ten years of negotiations, which involved engineers rather than politicians and using the World Bank as mediator, the two countries finally concluded the Indus Water Treaty in 1960. This paper describes how the treaty was arrived at, its provisions for separate management and water sharing, the many, often massive, control schemes that have been built or attempted since and the lessons learned for future cross-border water disputes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70910375" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="182756604" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IDrabu">Iftikhar Drabu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="182756604" type="text/json">{"id":182756604,"first_name":"Iftikhar","last_name":"Drabu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IDrabu","display_name":"Iftikhar Drabu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IDrabu?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70910375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70910375"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70910375, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70910375", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70910375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70910375").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70910375").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70910375"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196326" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_and_Water_Resources_Development_and_Management">Land and Water Resources Development and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="196326" type="text/json">{"id":196326,"name":"Land and Water Resources Development and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_and_Water_Resources_Development_and_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70910375]'), work: {"id":70910375,"title":"Sharing water: engineering the Indus Water Treaty","created_at":"2022-02-08T01:41:55.702-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70910375/Sharing_water_engineering_the_Indus_Water_Treaty?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_70910375","summary":"When Pakistan and India achieved independence in 1947, their boundaries and the disputed state of Kashmir lay directly across the vast and vital Indus river basin. This quickly led to a still-simmering row over territorial rights and a similarly entrenched but more resolved conflict on water rights. During ten years of negotiations, which involved engineers rather than politicians and using the World Bank as mediator, the two countries finally concluded the Indus Water Treaty in 1960. This paper describes how the treaty was arrived at, its provisions for separate management and water sharing, the many, often massive, control schemes that have been built or attempted since and the lessons learned for future cross-border water disputes.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":182756604,"first_name":"Iftikhar","last_name":"Drabu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IDrabu","display_name":"Iftikhar Drabu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IDrabu?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":196326,"name":"Land and Water Resources Development and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_and_Water_Resources_Development_and_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70406343" data-work_id="70406343" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70406343/Robust_simulation_of_root_zone_soil_moisture_with_assimilation_of_surface_soil_moisture_data">Robust simulation of root zone soil moisture with assimilation of surface soil moisture data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An operational framework is presented for assimilating surface soil moisture remote sensing measurements into a soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) model for the robust prediction of root zone moisture time series. The proposed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70406343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An operational framework is presented for assimilating surface soil moisture remote sensing measurements into a soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) model for the robust prediction of root zone moisture time series. The proposed approach is based on analytical treatment of the dynamical equations coupling surface and deeper soil reservoirs. The resulting framework uses biases between observed and modeled time rates of change of surface soil moisture to quantify biases between modeled and actual root zone average soil moisture contents. The approach is based on the popular interactions between soil-biosphere-atmosphere (ISBA) force-restore SVAT model. An experimental data set, collected near Cork, Ireland, is analyzed both for a long data series of 183 days and four short periods that were selected to focus on different hydrometeorological conditions. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework performs uniformly robust over 3 orders of magnitude of misspecification of saturated hydraulic conductivity. In the presence of uncertain initial conditions, the results demonstrated a marked increase in model skill (over the original ISBA model) for periods when average precipitation was less than average potential evaporation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70406343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a7370ece0b5ca9a5e764d9ff58c7f1d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80172886,"asset_id":70406343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80172886/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="194777594" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoMancini45">Marco Mancini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="194777594" type="text/json">{"id":194777594,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Mancini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoMancini45","display_name":"Marco Mancini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoMancini45?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194777594/57231768/45447382/s65_marco.mancini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70406343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70406343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70406343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70406343", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70406343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70406343; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70406343"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70406343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70406343"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70406343; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70406343]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70406343").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70406343").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70406343"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1252" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing">Remote Sensing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1252" type="text/json">{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70406343]'), work: {"id":70406343,"title":"Robust simulation of root zone soil moisture with assimilation of surface soil moisture data","created_at":"2022-02-04T03:51:08.557-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70406343/Robust_simulation_of_root_zone_soil_moisture_with_assimilation_of_surface_soil_moisture_data?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_70406343","summary":"An operational framework is presented for assimilating surface soil moisture remote sensing measurements into a soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT) model for the robust prediction of root zone moisture time series. The proposed approach is based on analytical treatment of the dynamical equations coupling surface and deeper soil reservoirs. The resulting framework uses biases between observed and modeled time rates of change of surface soil moisture to quantify biases between modeled and actual root zone average soil moisture contents. The approach is based on the popular interactions between soil-biosphere-atmosphere (ISBA) force-restore SVAT model. An experimental data set, collected near Cork, Ireland, is analyzed both for a long data series of 183 days and four short periods that were selected to focus on different hydrometeorological conditions. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework performs uniformly robust over 3 orders of magnitude of misspecification of saturated hydraulic conductivity. In the presence of uncertain initial conditions, the results demonstrated a marked increase in model skill (over the original ISBA model) for periods when average precipitation was less than average potential evaporation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80172886,"asset_id":70406343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":194777594,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Mancini","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcoMancini45","display_name":"Marco Mancini","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoMancini45?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/194777594/57231768/45447382/s65_marco.mancini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526"},{"id":10981,"name":"Data Assimilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Assimilation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":83037,"name":"Soil moisture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_moisture?f_ri=4526"},{"id":146736,"name":"Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Vegetation_Atmosphere_Transfer_Modeling?f_ri=4526"},{"id":497452,"name":"Numerical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1119718,"name":"Initial Condition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Initial_Condition?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1885930,"name":"Soil moisture content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_moisture_content?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4075327,"name":"Saturated hydraulic conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saturated_hydraulic_conductivity?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63168592" data-work_id="63168592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63168592/Hydrological_modeling_using_a_dynamic_neuro_fuzzy_system_with_on_line_and_local_learning_algorithm">Hydrological modeling using a dynamic neuro-fuzzy system with on-line and local learning algorithm</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper introduces the dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modeling system (DNFLMS) that is based on a dynamic Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy inference system with on-line and local learning algorithm for complex dynamic hydrological modeling... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63168592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper introduces the dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modeling system (DNFLMS) that is based on a dynamic Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy inference system with on-line and local learning algorithm for complex dynamic hydrological modeling tasks. Our DNFLMS is aimed to implement a fast training speed with the capability of on-line simulation where model adaptation occurs at the arrival of each new item of hydrological data. The DNFLMS applies an on-line, one-pass, training procedure to create and update fuzzy local models dynamically. The extended Kalman filtering algorithm is then implemented to optimize the parameters of the consequence part of each fuzzy model during the training phase. Local generalization in the DNFLMS is employed to optimize the parameters of each fuzzy model separately, region-by-region, using subsets of training data rather than all training data. The proposed DNFLMS is applied to develop a model to forecast the flow of Waikoropupu Springs, located in the Takaka Valley, South Island, New Zealand, and the influence of the operation of the 32 Megawatt Cobb hydropower station on spring flow. It is demonstrated that the proposed DNFLMS is superior in terms of model complexity and computational efficiency when compared with models that adopt global generalization such as a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) trained with the back propagation learning algorithm and the well-known adaptive neural-fuzzy system (ANFIS).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63168592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51e1de5c45d418ad887daf567549bef3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75681492,"asset_id":63168592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75681492/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7441131" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHong">Timothy Hong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7441131" type="text/json">{"id":7441131,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Hong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyHong","display_name":"Timothy Hong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHong?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7441131/9832701/10958171/s65_timothy.hong.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63168592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63168592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63168592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63168592", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63168592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63168592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63168592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63168592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5750" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Propagation">Back Propagation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5750" type="text/json">{"id":5750,"name":"Back Propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Propagation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63168592]'), work: {"id":63168592,"title":"Hydrological modeling using a dynamic neuro-fuzzy system with on-line and local learning algorithm","created_at":"2021-12-03T23:46:54.441-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63168592/Hydrological_modeling_using_a_dynamic_neuro_fuzzy_system_with_on_line_and_local_learning_algorithm?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_63168592","summary":"This paper introduces the dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modeling system (DNFLMS) that is based on a dynamic Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy inference system with on-line and local learning algorithm for complex dynamic hydrological modeling tasks. Our DNFLMS is aimed to implement a fast training speed with the capability of on-line simulation where model adaptation occurs at the arrival of each new item of hydrological data. The DNFLMS applies an on-line, one-pass, training procedure to create and update fuzzy local models dynamically. The extended Kalman filtering algorithm is then implemented to optimize the parameters of the consequence part of each fuzzy model during the training phase. Local generalization in the DNFLMS is employed to optimize the parameters of each fuzzy model separately, region-by-region, using subsets of training data rather than all training data. The proposed DNFLMS is applied to develop a model to forecast the flow of Waikoropupu Springs, located in the Takaka Valley, South Island, New Zealand, and the influence of the operation of the 32 Megawatt Cobb hydropower station on spring flow. It is demonstrated that the proposed DNFLMS is superior in terms of model complexity and computational efficiency when compared with models that adopt global generalization such as a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) trained with the back propagation learning algorithm and the well-known adaptive neural-fuzzy system (ANFIS).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75681492,"asset_id":63168592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7441131,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Hong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyHong","display_name":"Timothy Hong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHong?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7441131/9832701/10958171/s65_timothy.hong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":5750,"name":"Back Propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Propagation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=4526"},{"id":168071,"name":"Computational Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Efficiency?f_ri=4526"},{"id":314271,"name":"Fuzzy System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_System?f_ri=4526"},{"id":434746,"name":"Model System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_System?f_ri=4526"},{"id":662255,"name":"Neuro Fuzzy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuro_Fuzzy?f_ri=4526"},{"id":807335,"name":"Fuzzy Inference System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Inference_System?f_ri=4526"},{"id":872410,"name":"Extended Kalman Filter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extended_Kalman_Filter?f_ri=4526"},{"id":977247,"name":"Model Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Complexity?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1853742,"name":"Complex Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Dynamics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2821309,"name":"learning algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/learning_algorithm?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2840526,"name":"multi layer perceptron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/multi_layer_perceptron?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2968128,"name":"Fuzzy Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3908111,"name":"hydrologic model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/hydrologic_model?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54660738" data-work_id="54660738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54660738/Snow_accumulation_and_distribution_in_an_Alpine_Watershed">Snow accumulation and distribution in an Alpine Watershed</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Distribution of snow water equivalence (SWE) was measured in the Emerald Lake watershed located in Sequoia National Park, California, by taking hundreds of depth measurements and density profiles at six locations during the 1986, 1987 and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54660738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Distribution of snow water equivalence (SWE) was measured in the Emerald Lake watershed located in Sequoia National Park, California, by taking hundreds of depth measurements and density profiles at six locations during the 1986, 1987 and 1988 water years. A stratified sampling scheme was evaluated by identifying and mapping zones of similar snow properties on the basis of topographic parameters that account fur variations in both accumulation and ablation. Elevation, slope, and radiation values calculated from a digital elevation model were used to determine the zones. Of the variables studied, net radiation was of primary importance. Field measurements of SWE were combined with the physical attributes of the watershed and clustered to identify similar classes of SWE. The entire basin was then partitioned into zones for each survey date. Statistical analysis showed that partitioning the watershed on the basis of topographic and radiation variables does produce superior results over a simple random sample. I N'I'R() I) UCTION Recent pressure on hydrologic resources caused by population influx and resource development increases the need for accurate measurement ol'snow water equivalence (SWE) in alpine regions. In Calil•)rnia, for example, agricultural and metropolitan areas depend on water obtained from the Sierra Nevada to supply a large portion of their water needs. Most of the runoff !Yore alpine environs is melt from the seasonal snowpack. To understand the timing and volume of runoff, a good understanding of the spatial variation of snowpack properties is needed. With the use of both established and recently developed techniques, SWE measurements at a given location are not difficult to obtain [U.S. Army ('orps o./' Engineers, 1956; Dunne and Leopold, 19781. Several accurate methods for measuring density exist, ranging from those involving excavation and sampling pits [Perla and Martinelli, 1978] to the isotope profiling gauge [Kattelmann et al., 1983]. Depth measurement requires only a robust probe and some experience in use. The persistent question is, How do we accurately interpolate between measurements at points to estimate the total volume of water stored in the snowpack over an entire drainage basin? Snowpack properties may vary greatly over small distances. Numerous studies have been conducted in prairies or regions of mild relief [Steppuhn and Dyck, 1974; Adams, 1976; Granberg, I979], and snowpack variation in these places is better understood than spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in alpine regions. The factors contributing to variation in SWE (slope, aspect, elevation, vegetation type, surface roughness, energy exchange) are exaggerated in alpine areas, resulting in a heterogeneous snowpack that changes markedly in space and time. We need sampling methods that can capture snowpack variability and characterize it over an area, that have reasonable time and manpower re, quirements, and yet can accurately assess the snowpack. An approach that requires many samples throughout a basin is seldom practical, given logistical constraints of safety and time. In this study we Copyright 1991 by the American Geophysical Union. Paper number 91WR00506. 0043-1397/91/91 WR-00506505.00 attempted to accurately determine the distribution of SWE over a small alpine basin by identifying and mapping zones of similar snow properties on the basis of topographic and radiation parameters that account for variations in both accumulation and ablation. Parameters used were elevation, slope, and daily integrated net solar radiation calculated for clear atmospheric conditions and an assumed surface albedo. We tested different classification combinations of net radiation, slope, and elevation and varied the number of classes between eight and twelve. The objective was to see if an improved sampling scheme could be developed by stratifying the sample on the basis of physical parameters that control the accumulation and distribution of snow in an alpine watershed. Snow depth and density measurements were obtained in eleven intensive snow surveys over three melt seasons, providing a large sample of spatial point measurements for model development and testing. FACTORS AFFECTING SNOW DISTRIBUTION Investigations on snow accumulation and distribution in the last two decades have focused on elevation, vegetation, and topography [Meiman, 1968]. Although much of the work has been done in regions of low elevation and minimum relief, many of the results apply to alpine areas. Properties of the snowpack (e.g., depth, density, temperature, chemistry) vary in space and time. Snow depth and density are controlled by both accumulation and ablation. On a large scale these processes are controlled by meteorological patterns and major terrain features and on a small scale by redistribution, new snow properties, and micrometeorology. Accumulation consists of two processes: snowfall itself and redistribution of the original snowfall by wind transport or by sloughing and avalanching. Ablation occurs by melting, sublimation, and deflation. Accumulation Snowfall. Precipitation, including snowfall, is a stochastic process, and its variability must be considered on a wide range of scales. Regional climate and latitude affect snowfall, but neither of these vary significantly within most alpine basins. Elevation is considered the single most important factor in snow cover distribution by most of the recent 1541 1542 ELDER ET AL.: SNOW DISTRII[IIJTION IN AI.PINt; WA'II:,RSH}•I)S studies, but orographic effects depend more on slope and wind speed than on elevation [Gray, 1979]. Wind. Much of the spatial heterogeneity of SWE in alpine regions is the result of redistribution by wind. Even if snowfall were uniform over an area, the final deposition pattern would be irregular, because snow is typically moved by wind and redeposited during the storm. Snow is analogous to other sediments and tends to accumulate in areas where flow decelerates or diverges, and it tends to erode in areas of accelerated or convergent flow. Where terrain irregularities and wind patterns are consistent in time, drifts and scoured areas tend to repeat in form and location, year after year. Drifts may shift between storms as the storm track changes, but over a season, consistent patterns still often emerge. Transport of snow by wind is reviewed in detail by Schmidt [1982]. Avalanches and sloughs. Considerable volumes of snow may be moved by avalanches in a watershed, and snow tends to repeatedly slough i¾om slopes that are sufficiently steep. Avalanching does not change the total mass of snow in a drainage basin but does change the distribution. Correct estimates of the volume in avalanche deposits are hydrologically important because they may contain large amounts of water. Zalikhanov [1975] found that 30-64% of the alpine snow cover in the Caucasus may be transported to valley bottoms by avalanches. Ablation A common method to evaluate ablation and snowmelt is through evaluation of the surface energy exchange. Snowpack ablation is controlled by energy exchanges at the air/snow and snow/ground interfaces. Energy inputs may come from solar and emitted atmospheric radiation, sensible heat exchange, latent heat exchange, heat flux from the underlying substrate, and advective heat transfer. Of the available energy sources, it is well documented that solar and longwave radiation usually dominate [Zuzet and Cox, 1975]. Radiation affects net accumulation through ablation at the surface. If the melt only percolates into the snowpack and refreezes, then depth and density have changed but SWE has not. Once meltwater reaches an ice lens or the ground, however, it may move laterally, and the SWE at that point will change. Radiation thus influences the spatial element of accumulation because it may effectively move SWE from discrete parts of the basin where the energy balance is positive or remove SWE when runoff leaves the basin. ..</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54660738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b3ac0218573091ebc1e195b2e20bff8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70918565,"asset_id":54660738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70918565/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="187549612" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/JDozier">Jeff Dozier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="187549612" type="text/json">{"id":187549612,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Dozier","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"JDozier","display_name":"Jeff Dozier","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/JDozier?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54660738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54660738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54660738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54660738", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54660738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54660738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54660738"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54660738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54660738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54660738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54660738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54660738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54660738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54660738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis">Statistical Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5187" type="text/json">{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54660738]'), work: {"id":54660738,"title":"Snow accumulation and distribution in an Alpine Watershed","created_at":"2021-10-01T10:25:21.962-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54660738/Snow_accumulation_and_distribution_in_an_Alpine_Watershed?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_54660738","summary":"Distribution of snow water equivalence (SWE) was measured in the Emerald Lake watershed located in Sequoia National Park, California, by taking hundreds of depth measurements and density profiles at six locations during the 1986, 1987 and 1988 water years. A stratified sampling scheme was evaluated by identifying and mapping zones of similar snow properties on the basis of topographic parameters that account fur variations in both accumulation and ablation. Elevation, slope, and radiation values calculated from a digital elevation model were used to determine the zones. Of the variables studied, net radiation was of primary importance. Field measurements of SWE were combined with the physical attributes of the watershed and clustered to identify similar classes of SWE. The entire basin was then partitioned into zones for each survey date. Statistical analysis showed that partitioning the watershed on the basis of topographic and radiation variables does produce superior results over a simple random sample. I N'I'R() I) UCTION Recent pressure on hydrologic resources caused by population influx and resource development increases the need for accurate measurement ol'snow water equivalence (SWE) in alpine regions. In Calil•)rnia, for example, agricultural and metropolitan areas depend on water obtained from the Sierra Nevada to supply a large portion of their water needs. Most of the runoff !Yore alpine environs is melt from the seasonal snowpack. To understand the timing and volume of runoff, a good understanding of the spatial variation of snowpack properties is needed. With the use of both established and recently developed techniques, SWE measurements at a given location are not difficult to obtain [U.S. Army ('orps o./' Engineers, 1956; Dunne and Leopold, 19781. Several accurate methods for measuring density exist, ranging from those involving excavation and sampling pits [Perla and Martinelli, 1978] to the isotope profiling gauge [Kattelmann et al., 1983]. Depth measurement requires only a robust probe and some experience in use. The persistent question is, How do we accurately interpolate between measurements at points to estimate the total volume of water stored in the snowpack over an entire drainage basin? Snowpack properties may vary greatly over small distances. Numerous studies have been conducted in prairies or regions of mild relief [Steppuhn and Dyck, 1974; Adams, 1976; Granberg, I979], and snowpack variation in these places is better understood than spatial and temporal variations of snow cover in alpine regions. The factors contributing to variation in SWE (slope, aspect, elevation, vegetation type, surface roughness, energy exchange) are exaggerated in alpine areas, resulting in a heterogeneous snowpack that changes markedly in space and time. We need sampling methods that can capture snowpack variability and characterize it over an area, that have reasonable time and manpower re, quirements, and yet can accurately assess the snowpack. An approach that requires many samples throughout a basin is seldom practical, given logistical constraints of safety and time. In this study we Copyright 1991 by the American Geophysical Union. Paper number 91WR00506. 0043-1397/91/91 WR-00506505.00 attempted to accurately determine the distribution of SWE over a small alpine basin by identifying and mapping zones of similar snow properties on the basis of topographic and radiation parameters that account for variations in both accumulation and ablation. Parameters used were elevation, slope, and daily integrated net solar radiation calculated for clear atmospheric conditions and an assumed surface albedo. We tested different classification combinations of net radiation, slope, and elevation and varied the number of classes between eight and twelve. The objective was to see if an improved sampling scheme could be developed by stratifying the sample on the basis of physical parameters that control the accumulation and distribution of snow in an alpine watershed. Snow depth and density measurements were obtained in eleven intensive snow surveys over three melt seasons, providing a large sample of spatial point measurements for model development and testing. FACTORS AFFECTING SNOW DISTRIBUTION Investigations on snow accumulation and distribution in the last two decades have focused on elevation, vegetation, and topography [Meiman, 1968]. Although much of the work has been done in regions of low elevation and minimum relief, many of the results apply to alpine areas. Properties of the snowpack (e.g., depth, density, temperature, chemistry) vary in space and time. Snow depth and density are controlled by both accumulation and ablation. On a large scale these processes are controlled by meteorological patterns and major terrain features and on a small scale by redistribution, new snow properties, and micrometeorology. Accumulation consists of two processes: snowfall itself and redistribution of the original snowfall by wind transport or by sloughing and avalanching. Ablation occurs by melting, sublimation, and deflation. Accumulation Snowfall. Precipitation, including snowfall, is a stochastic process, and its variability must be considered on a wide range of scales. Regional climate and latitude affect snowfall, but neither of these vary significantly within most alpine basins. Elevation is considered the single most important factor in snow cover distribution by most of the recent 1541 1542 ELDER ET AL.: SNOW DISTRII[IIJTION IN AI.PINt; WA'II:,RSH}•I)S studies, but orographic effects depend more on slope and wind speed than on elevation [Gray, 1979]. Wind. Much of the spatial heterogeneity of SWE in alpine regions is the result of redistribution by wind. Even if snowfall were uniform over an area, the final deposition pattern would be irregular, because snow is typically moved by wind and redeposited during the storm. Snow is analogous to other sediments and tends to accumulate in areas where flow decelerates or diverges, and it tends to erode in areas of accelerated or convergent flow. Where terrain irregularities and wind patterns are consistent in time, drifts and scoured areas tend to repeat in form and location, year after year. Drifts may shift between storms as the storm track changes, but over a season, consistent patterns still often emerge. Transport of snow by wind is reviewed in detail by Schmidt [1982]. Avalanches and sloughs. Considerable volumes of snow may be moved by avalanches in a watershed, and snow tends to repeatedly slough i¾om slopes that are sufficiently steep. Avalanching does not change the total mass of snow in a drainage basin but does change the distribution. Correct estimates of the volume in avalanche deposits are hydrologically important because they may contain large amounts of water. Zalikhanov [1975] found that 30-64% of the alpine snow cover in the Caucasus may be transported to valley bottoms by avalanches. Ablation A common method to evaluate ablation and snowmelt is through evaluation of the surface energy exchange. Snowpack ablation is controlled by energy exchanges at the air/snow and snow/ground interfaces. Energy inputs may come from solar and emitted atmospheric radiation, sensible heat exchange, latent heat exchange, heat flux from the underlying substrate, and advective heat transfer. Of the available energy sources, it is well documented that solar and longwave radiation usually dominate [Zuzet and Cox, 1975]. Radiation affects net accumulation through ablation at the surface. If the melt only percolates into the snowpack and refreezes, then depth and density have changed but SWE has not. Once meltwater reaches an ice lens or the ground, however, it may move laterally, and the SWE at that point will change. Radiation thus influences the spatial element of accumulation because it may effectively move SWE from discrete parts of the basin where the energy balance is positive or remove SWE when runoff leaves the basin. ..","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70918565,"asset_id":54660738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187549612,"first_name":"Jeff","last_name":"Dozier","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"JDozier","display_name":"Jeff Dozier","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/JDozier?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=4526"},{"id":284544,"name":"Digital Elevation Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Elevation_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":968245,"name":"Simple Random Sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simple_Random_Sampling?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2700043,"name":"Stratified sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratified_sampling?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44678820" data-work_id="44678820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44678820/Editorial_Contemporary_Challenges_for_International_Water_Law_Setting_a_new_course">Editorial - Contemporary Challenges for International Water Law: Setting a new course</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44678820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c4c5c42236e2c001063b4b9946edbb9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65152522,"asset_id":44678820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65152522/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10579604" href="https://chongqing.academia.edu/DavidDevlaeminck">David J Devlaeminck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10579604" type="text/json">{"id":10579604,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Devlaeminck","domain_name":"chongqing","page_name":"DavidDevlaeminck","display_name":"David J Devlaeminck","profile_url":"https://chongqing.academia.edu/DavidDevlaeminck?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10579604/7348229/111862971/s65_david.devlaeminck.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44678820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44678820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44678820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44678820", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44678820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44678820").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44678820").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44678820"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="996358" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transboundary_Water_Issues">Transboundary Water Issues</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="996358" type="text/json">{"id":996358,"name":"Transboundary Water Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transboundary_Water_Issues?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44678820]'), work: {"id":44678820,"title":"Editorial - Contemporary Challenges for International Water Law: Setting a new course","created_at":"2020-12-10T19:30:37.621-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44678820/Editorial_Contemporary_Challenges_for_International_Water_Law_Setting_a_new_course?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_44678820","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65152522,"asset_id":44678820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10579604,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Devlaeminck","domain_name":"chongqing","page_name":"DavidDevlaeminck","display_name":"David J Devlaeminck","profile_url":"https://chongqing.academia.edu/DavidDevlaeminck?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10579604/7348229/111862971/s65_david.devlaeminck.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":996358,"name":"Transboundary Water Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transboundary_Water_Issues?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18654144" data-work_id="18654144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18654144/Transient_hydraulic_tomography_in_a_fractured_dolostone_Laboratory_rock_block_experiments">Transient hydraulic tomography in a fractured dolostone: Laboratory rock block experiments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1] The accurate characterization of fractured geologic medium, imaging of fracture patterns and their connectivity have been a challenge for decades. Recently, hydraulic tomography has been proposed as a new method for imaging the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18654144" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1] The accurate characterization of fractured geologic medium, imaging of fracture patterns and their connectivity have been a challenge for decades. Recently, hydraulic tomography has been proposed as a new method for imaging the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S s ) distributions of fractured geologic media. While encouraging results have been obtained in the field, the method has not been rigorously assessed in a controlled laboratory setting. In this study, we assess the performance of transient hydraulic tomography (THT) in a fractured dolomitic rock block. The block is characterized through flow-through tests and multiple pumping tests. The pumping test data were then analyzed with the THT code of to image the fracture patterns and their connectivity through the delineation of K and S s distributions (or tomograms). Results show that the THT analysis of pumping tests yields high-K and low-S s zones that capture the fracture pattern and their connectivity quite well and those patterns become more vivid as additional pumping test data are added to the inverse model. The performance of the estimated K and S s tomograms are then assessed by: (1) comparing the tomograms obtained from synthetic to real data; (2) comparing the tomograms from two different pumping configurations; (3) comparing the estimated geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity (K G ) from the K tomogram to the effective hydraulic conductivity (K eff ) estimated from the flow-through tests; and (4) predicting five independent pumping tests not used in the construction of the K and S s tomograms. The performance assessment of the K and S s tomograms reveals that THT is able to image high-K and low-S s zones that correspond to fracture locations in the fractured rock block and that the tomograms can be used to predict drawdowns from pumping tests not used in the construction of the tomograms with reasonable fidelity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18654144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4e3c6354df82fe5740755734d5d9408" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40183772,"asset_id":18654144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40183772/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38617421" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/SBerg">Steven Berg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38617421" type="text/json">{"id":38617421,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Berg","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"SBerg","display_name":"Steven Berg","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/SBerg?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38617421/10741040/11989859/s65_steven.berg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18654144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18654144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18654144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18654144", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18654144]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18654144").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18654144").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18654144"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18654144]'), work: {"id":18654144,"title":"Transient hydraulic tomography in a fractured dolostone: Laboratory rock block experiments","created_at":"2015-11-19T14:52:42.891-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18654144/Transient_hydraulic_tomography_in_a_fractured_dolostone_Laboratory_rock_block_experiments?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_18654144","summary":"1] The accurate characterization of fractured geologic medium, imaging of fracture patterns and their connectivity have been a challenge for decades. Recently, hydraulic tomography has been proposed as a new method for imaging the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S s ) distributions of fractured geologic media. While encouraging results have been obtained in the field, the method has not been rigorously assessed in a controlled laboratory setting. In this study, we assess the performance of transient hydraulic tomography (THT) in a fractured dolomitic rock block. The block is characterized through flow-through tests and multiple pumping tests. The pumping test data were then analyzed with the THT code of to image the fracture patterns and their connectivity through the delineation of K and S s distributions (or tomograms). Results show that the THT analysis of pumping tests yields high-K and low-S s zones that capture the fracture pattern and their connectivity quite well and those patterns become more vivid as additional pumping test data are added to the inverse model. The performance of the estimated K and S s tomograms are then assessed by: (1) comparing the tomograms obtained from synthetic to real data; (2) comparing the tomograms from two different pumping configurations; (3) comparing the estimated geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity (K G ) from the K tomogram to the effective hydraulic conductivity (K eff ) estimated from the flow-through tests; and (4) predicting five independent pumping tests not used in the construction of the K and S s tomograms. The performance assessment of the K and S s tomograms reveals that THT is able to image high-K and low-S s zones that correspond to fracture locations in the fractured rock block and that the tomograms can be used to predict drawdowns from pumping tests not used in the construction of the tomograms with reasonable fidelity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40183772,"asset_id":18654144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38617421,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Berg","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"SBerg","display_name":"Steven Berg","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/SBerg?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38617421/10741040/11989859/s65_steven.berg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12238952" data-work_id="12238952" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12238952/Nestle_and_Keystone_XL">Nestle and Keystone XL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a threat to our water in northeast Montana. The Keystone XL Pipeline crosses the Missouri River, which is where we get our water from. There is also a possibility of losing control of our water supply to privatization because of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12238952" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a threat to our water in northeast Montana. The Keystone XL Pipeline crosses the Missouri River, which is where we get our water from.  There is also a possibility of losing control of our water supply to privatization because of a gigantic loan for a casino project.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12238952" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3936c72304bba6dee5dc8ed2f8332cad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37533474,"asset_id":12238952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37533474/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4252479" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMontclair">Louis Montclair</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4252479" type="text/json">{"id":4252479,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Montclair","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisMontclair","display_name":"Louis Montclair","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMontclair?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4252479/1684939/2024128/s65_louis.montclair.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12238952 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12238952"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12238952, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12238952", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12238952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12238952").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12238952").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12238952"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11879" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_">Native American Literature (Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11879" type="text/json">{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12238952]'), work: {"id":12238952,"title":"Nestle and Keystone XL","created_at":"2015-05-05T01:54:04.086-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12238952/Nestle_and_Keystone_XL?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_12238952","summary":"There is a threat to our water in northeast Montana. The Keystone XL Pipeline crosses the Missouri River, which is where we get our water from. There is also a possibility of losing control of our water supply to privatization because of a gigantic loan for a casino project. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37533474,"asset_id":12238952,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4252479,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Montclair","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisMontclair","display_name":"Louis Montclair","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisMontclair?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4252479/1684939/2024128/s65_louis.montclair.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":11879,"name":"Native American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":34760,"name":"Irrigation water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_water_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":52830,"name":"American Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Indians?f_ri=4526"},{"id":115977,"name":"Nestle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nestle?f_ri=4526"},{"id":129505,"name":"Missouri River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missouri_River?f_ri=4526"},{"id":153009,"name":"Water Privatization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Privatization?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1334715,"name":"Keystone XL Pipeline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Keystone_XL_Pipeline?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69634489" data-work_id="69634489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69634489/Drinking_Water_Quality_Assessment_of_Public_Tube_Wells_and_Their_Spatial_Distribution_in_the_Rangpur_City_of_Bangladesh">Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Public Tube-Wells and Their Spatial Distribution in the Rangpur City of Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69634489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source of drinking water for most of the working-class people and slum-dwellers are public tube-wells that are installed at the masjid, school, college, marketplace, bus stand, and roadside. Though the water quality is a major concern, there is lack of monitoring of drinking water quality. Hence, this study aims to assess the water quality of the public tube-wells and find out its suitability as drinking water according to the Bangladesh ECR1997 and WHO guidelines. Fifteen water samples were collected from public tube-wells of Rangpur City and some important water quality parameters were tested. After testing, the values of different parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the maximum, minimum, mean, median, and standard deviation. The spatial distribution was illustrated by GIS mapping. The average value of pH 6.75, Total Dissolved Solids 186.2 mg/L, Conductivity 401.98 µS/cm, Dissolved Oxygen 4.34 mg/L, Total Hardness 117.67 mg/L, Alkalinity 107.33 mg/L, Total Iron 1.247 mg/L, Copper 0.067 mg/L, Phosphate 0.35 mg/L, and Chloride 31.56 mg/L. Most of the parameters have been found within the permissible limit but total iron of few samples exceeds the limit. The study reveals that the public tube-well water is safe for consumption. Finally, the geo-spatial map is generated that depicts the distribution of each water quality parameter in Rangpur City.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69634489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f969b05cf401606ea736b8e31bf0362" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79653903,"asset_id":69634489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79653903/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146412748" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15">Ashik Iqbal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146412748" type="text/json">{"id":146412748,"first_name":"Ashik","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshikIqbal15","display_name":"Ashik Iqbal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146412748/59386499/47630842/s65_ashik.iqbal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69634489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69634489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69634489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69634489", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69634489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69634489").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69634489").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69634489"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1362" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis">Spatial Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1362" type="text/json">{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6951" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater">Groundwater</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6951" type="text/json">{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69634489]'), work: {"id":69634489,"title":"Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Public Tube-Wells and Their Spatial Distribution in the Rangpur City of Bangladesh","created_at":"2022-01-27T06:12:54.186-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69634489/Drinking_Water_Quality_Assessment_of_Public_Tube_Wells_and_Their_Spatial_Distribution_in_the_Rangpur_City_of_Bangladesh?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_69634489","summary":"A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source of drinking water for most of the working-class people and slum-dwellers are public tube-wells that are installed at the masjid, school, college, marketplace, bus stand, and roadside. Though the water quality is a major concern, there is lack of monitoring of drinking water quality. Hence, this study aims to assess the water quality of the public tube-wells and find out its suitability as drinking water according to the Bangladesh ECR1997 and WHO guidelines. Fifteen water samples were collected from public tube-wells of Rangpur City and some important water quality parameters were tested. After testing, the values of different parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the maximum, minimum, mean, median, and standard deviation. The spatial distribution was illustrated by GIS mapping. The average value of pH 6.75, Total Dissolved Solids 186.2 mg/L, Conductivity 401.98 µS/cm, Dissolved Oxygen 4.34 mg/L, Total Hardness 117.67 mg/L, Alkalinity 107.33 mg/L, Total Iron 1.247 mg/L, Copper 0.067 mg/L, Phosphate 0.35 mg/L, and Chloride 31.56 mg/L. Most of the parameters have been found within the permissible limit but total iron of few samples exceeds the limit. The study reveals that the public tube-well water is safe for consumption. Finally, the geo-spatial map is generated that depicts the distribution of each water quality parameter in Rangpur City.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79653903,"asset_id":69634489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146412748,"first_name":"Ashik","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshikIqbal15","display_name":"Ashik Iqbal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146412748/59386499/47630842/s65_ashik.iqbal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":17419,"name":"Drinking Water Quality Standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water_Quality_Standards?f_ri=4526"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":178963,"name":"Groundwater Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater_Quality?f_ri=4526"},{"id":186271,"name":"Box and Whisker Plots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Box_and_Whisker_Plots?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68125731" data-work_id="68125731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68125731/The_Environmental_Dimension_of_Groundwater_in_Brazil_Conflicts_between_Mineral_Water_and_Water_Resource_Management">The Environmental Dimension of Groundwater in Brazil: Conflicts between Mineral Water and Water Resource Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Strathprints institutional repository (<a href="https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk" rel="nofollow">https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk</a>) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68125731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Strathprints institutional repository (<a href="https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk" rel="nofollow">https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk</a>) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68125731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a47c2b37894bad62c0d8b178cdc0c523" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78713419,"asset_id":68125731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78713419/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1276420" href="https://strathclyde.academia.edu/FrancescoSindico">Francesco Sindico</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1276420" type="text/json">{"id":1276420,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Sindico","domain_name":"strathclyde","page_name":"FrancescoSindico","display_name":"Francesco Sindico","profile_url":"https://strathclyde.academia.edu/FrancescoSindico?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1276420/494733/711771/s65_francesco.sindico.gif"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68125731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68125731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68125731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68125731", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68125731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68125731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68125731"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68125731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68125731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68125731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68125731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68125731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68125731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68125731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68125731]'), work: {"id":68125731,"title":"The Environmental Dimension of Groundwater in Brazil: Conflicts between Mineral Water and Water Resource Management","created_at":"2022-01-14T07:45:58.981-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68125731/The_Environmental_Dimension_of_Groundwater_in_Brazil_Conflicts_between_Mineral_Water_and_Water_Resource_Management?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_68125731","summary":"The Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78713419,"asset_id":68125731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1276420,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Sindico","domain_name":"strathclyde","page_name":"FrancescoSindico","display_name":"Francesco Sindico","profile_url":"https://strathclyde.academia.edu/FrancescoSindico?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1276420/494733/711771/s65_francesco.sindico.gif"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60958191" data-work_id="60958191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60958191/Vers_la_disparition_de_l_une_des_plus_grandes_foggaras_d_Alg%C3%A9rie_la_foggara_d_El_Meghier">Vers la disparition de l’une des plus grandes foggaras d’Algérie : la foggara d’El Meghier</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Le sud-ouest du Grand Erg occidental du Sahara est considéré comme le berceau de la foggara, une technique ancestrale de captage des eaux souterraines. Il existe actuellement 907 foggaras en exploitation dans les oasis de Touat, Gourara... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60958191" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Le sud-ouest du Grand Erg occidental du Sahara est considéré comme le berceau de la foggara, une technique ancestrale de captage des eaux souterraines. Il existe actuellement 907 foggaras en exploitation dans les oasis de Touat, Gourara et Tidikelt. Malheureusement, ce patrimoine hydraulique et culturel se dégrade d'une année à l'autre en raison de problèmes techniques et sociaux. La foggara d'El Meghier, considérée comme l'une des plus grandes foggaras d'Algérie, est celle dont l'état est le plus dégradé. Le présent article a pour objectif d'expliquer les raisons de cette dégradation et les conséquences qui en découlent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60958191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d3a7639fe706b298ec3e36a1e63b480" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74174735,"asset_id":60958191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74174735/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186631845" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bachirachour">bachir achour</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186631845" type="text/json">{"id":186631845,"first_name":"bachir","last_name":"achour","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bachirachour","display_name":"bachir achour","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bachirachour?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60958191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60958191"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60958191, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60958191", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60958191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60958191; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60958191"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60958191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60958191"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60958191; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60958191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60958191").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60958191").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60958191"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics">Hydraulics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2550" type="text/json">{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation">Irrigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3724" type="text/json">{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State">State</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82489" type="text/json">{"id":82489,"name":"State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60958191]'), work: {"id":60958191,"title":"Vers la disparition de l’une des plus grandes foggaras d’Algérie : la foggara d’El Meghier","created_at":"2021-11-03T16:08:29.319-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60958191/Vers_la_disparition_de_l_une_des_plus_grandes_foggaras_d_Alg%C3%A9rie_la_foggara_d_El_Meghier?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_60958191","summary":"Le sud-ouest du Grand Erg occidental du Sahara est considéré comme le berceau de la foggara, une technique ancestrale de captage des eaux souterraines. Il existe actuellement 907 foggaras en exploitation dans les oasis de Touat, Gourara et Tidikelt. Malheureusement, ce patrimoine hydraulique et culturel se dégrade d'une année à l'autre en raison de problèmes techniques et sociaux. La foggara d'El Meghier, considérée comme l'une des plus grandes foggaras d'Algérie, est celle dont l'état est le plus dégradé. Le présent article a pour objectif d'expliquer les raisons de cette dégradation et les conséquences qui en découlent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74174735,"asset_id":60958191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186631845,"first_name":"bachir","last_name":"achour","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bachirachour","display_name":"bachir achour","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bachirachour?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":82489,"name":"State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":95519,"name":"Selenium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selenium?f_ri=4526"},{"id":113556,"name":"Ground Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=4526"},{"id":163878,"name":"Degradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degradation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":267542,"name":"Problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56777292" data-work_id="56777292" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56777292/The_Modern_Problems_of_Sustainable_Use_and_Management_of_Irrigated_Lands_on_the_Example_of_the_Bukhara_Region_Uzbekistan_">The Modern Problems of Sustainable Use and Management of Irrigated Lands on the Example of the Bukhara Region (Uzbekistan)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56777292" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas. Bukhara is one of those oases. The population of 1.7 mln. and especially the agricultural sector (with an irrigated area of 275,000 ha) use a considerable amount of water. But as the flat topography does not provide sufficient natural drainage, water logging and raising groundwater tables have become serious problems for the agricultural productivity. The combination of the high salinity of the irrigation water and the generous application of fertilizers leads to a widespread soil salinization. Excessive leaching is supposed to reduce the top soil salinity, but as the drainage system is only covering a small portion of the irrigated areas and is in need of maintenance, this process only contributes to the ongoing salinization and the reduction of soil f...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56777292" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b55022fdbf43539e52575e8eb19c3d3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71995995,"asset_id":56777292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71995995/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49462182" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov">Rashid Kulmatov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49462182" type="text/json">{"id":49462182,"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Kulmatov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RashidKulmatov","display_name":"Rashid Kulmatov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56777292 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56777292"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56777292, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56777292", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56777292]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56777292").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56777292").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56777292"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation">Irrigation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3724" type="text/json">{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6951" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater">Groundwater</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6951" type="text/json">{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56777292]'), work: {"id":56777292,"title":"The Modern Problems of Sustainable Use and Management of Irrigated Lands on the Example of the Bukhara Region (Uzbekistan)","created_at":"2021-10-09T05:04:12.876-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56777292/The_Modern_Problems_of_Sustainable_Use_and_Management_of_Irrigated_Lands_on_the_Example_of_the_Bukhara_Region_Uzbekistan_?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_56777292","summary":"The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas. Bukhara is one of those oases. The population of 1.7 mln. and especially the agricultural sector (with an irrigated area of 275,000 ha) use a considerable amount of water. But as the flat topography does not provide sufficient natural drainage, water logging and raising groundwater tables have become serious problems for the agricultural productivity. The combination of the high salinity of the irrigation water and the generous application of fertilizers leads to a widespread soil salinization. Excessive leaching is supposed to reduce the top soil salinity, but as the drainage system is only covering a small portion of the irrigated areas and is in need of maintenance, this process only contributes to the ongoing salinization and the reduction of soil f...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71995995,"asset_id":56777292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49462182,"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Kulmatov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RashidKulmatov","display_name":"Rashid Kulmatov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=4526"},{"id":174132,"name":"Salinization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salinization?f_ri=4526"},{"id":183809,"name":"Bukhara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bukhara?f_ri=4526"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55745223" data-work_id="55745223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55745223/Context_Matters_What_Shapes_Adaptation_to_Water_Stress_in_the_Okanagan">Context Matters: What Shapes Adaptation to Water Stress in the Okanagan?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper describes two case studies of demand-side water management in the Okanagan region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The case studies reveal important lessons about how local context shapes the process of adaptation; in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55745223" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes two case studies of demand-side water management in the Okanagan region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The case studies reveal important lessons about how local context shapes the process of adaptation; in these cases, adaptation to rising and changing water demand under a regime of increasingly limited supply in a semi-arid region. Both case studies represent examples of water meter implementation, specifically volume-based pricing in a residential area and as a compliance tool in a mainly farming district. While the initiative was successful in the residential setting, agricultural metering met with stiff resistance. These cases suggest many factors shape the character of the adaptation process, including: interpretation of the signal relative to context, newness of the approach, consumer values, and local and provincial political agendas. Although context has been explored in resource management circles, thus far climate change adaptation research has not adequately discussed the embeddedness of adaptation. In other words, how context matters and what aspects of context, unrelated to climate change, could encourage or thwart the act of adapting. This study is a simple illustration of the potential drivers, barriers and enabling factors that have influenced the adaptation process of water management decisions in the Okanagan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55745223" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c863ca32506fd72b2d679d3ad08ef479" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71470357,"asset_id":55745223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71470357/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24363" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/JamesTansey">James Tansey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24363" type="text/json">{"id":24363,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Tansey","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"JamesTansey","display_name":"James Tansey","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/JamesTansey?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24363/80773/88624/s65_james.tansey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55745223 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55745223"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55745223, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55745223", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55745223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55745223").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55745223").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55745223"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="197" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology">Human Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="197" type="text/json">{"id":197,"name":"Human Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3255" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation">Climate Change Adaptation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3255" type="text/json">{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55745223]'), work: {"id":55745223,"title":"Context Matters: What Shapes Adaptation to Water Stress in the Okanagan?","created_at":"2021-10-05T16:10:48.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55745223/Context_Matters_What_Shapes_Adaptation_to_Water_Stress_in_the_Okanagan?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_55745223","summary":"This paper describes two case studies of demand-side water management in the Okanagan region of southern British Columbia, Canada. The case studies reveal important lessons about how local context shapes the process of adaptation; in these cases, adaptation to rising and changing water demand under a regime of increasingly limited supply in a semi-arid region. Both case studies represent examples of water meter implementation, specifically volume-based pricing in a residential area and as a compliance tool in a mainly farming district. While the initiative was successful in the residential setting, agricultural metering met with stiff resistance. These cases suggest many factors shape the character of the adaptation process, including: interpretation of the signal relative to context, newness of the approach, consumer values, and local and provincial political agendas. Although context has been explored in resource management circles, thus far climate change adaptation research has not adequately discussed the embeddedness of adaptation. In other words, how context matters and what aspects of context, unrelated to climate change, could encourage or thwart the act of adapting. This study is a simple illustration of the potential drivers, barriers and enabling factors that have influenced the adaptation process of water management decisions in the Okanagan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71470357,"asset_id":55745223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24363,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Tansey","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"JamesTansey","display_name":"James Tansey","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/JamesTansey?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24363/80773/88624/s65_james.tansey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":197,"name":"Human Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":3255,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":5677,"name":"Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=4526"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4526"},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=4526"},{"id":48218,"name":"Global change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_change?f_ri=4526"},{"id":66263,"name":"Water Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand?f_ri=4526"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=4526"},{"id":122396,"name":"Water Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Stress?f_ri=4526"},{"id":157262,"name":"Adaptability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptability?f_ri=4526"},{"id":198379,"name":"British Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia?f_ri=4526"},{"id":210001,"name":"Climatic Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climatic_Change?f_ri=4526"},{"id":440529,"name":"Semi Arid Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semi_Arid_Region?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50123388" data-work_id="50123388" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50123388/Properties_of_concentration_waves_in_presence_of_nonlinear_sorption_precipitation_dissolution_and_homogeneous_reactions_1_Fundamentals">Properties of concentration waves in presence of nonlinear sorption, precipitation/dissolution, and homogeneous reactions: 1. Fundamentals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Properties of concentration waves of solutes affected by nonlinear sorption, precipitation/ dissolution and homogeneous reactions in the mobile and stationary phases are established when the number of phases is constant. These properties... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50123388" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Properties of concentration waves of solutes affected by nonlinear sorption, precipitation/ dissolution and homogeneous reactions in the mobile and stationary phases are established when the number of phases is constant. These properties essentially depend on the structure of a stoichiometric matrix which describes the chemical interactions. A reduction procedure of the stoichiometric matrix gives the number of waves or peaks together with their propagation velocities, and the retardation factors of species at trace levels. The location of the peaks and their broadening behavior due to the nonlinear equilibria are estimated. The number of waves and the properties of suitable linear combinations of concentrations provide a method for discriminating among rival interaction mechanisms irrespective of the equilibrium constants. This cannot be done using conventional methods based on the comparison between numerical simulations and experimental curves. Bryant et al., 1986] are devoted to the consequences of the set of elementary interactions (homogeneous reactions, adsorption and/or exchange reactions, precipitation, dissolution, degassing processes, etc.) on the structure and properties of the corresponding breakthrough curves (BTC). Predicting qualitative properties of BTCs or elucidating the main features of an interaction mechanism from experimental BTCs can be performed using numerical computer codes. Unfortunately, these calculations can be time consuming and they require that the interaction parameters (i.e., equilibrium constants, kinetic constants, etc.) be known. There is thus a need for some general properties relating the structure (i.e., shape, number, and existence of waves or peaks) of the BTCs to the structure of the solid-fluid interaction mechanism. These properties should be as independent as possible of the interaction parameters, and they should help one both to discriminate among rival mecHanisms and to estimate the sensitivity of the shape of the BTCs to physicochemical parameters. This first of two papers describes the underlying concepts</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50123388" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0612f5894b74a3ceee41039e61eb945a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68226710,"asset_id":50123388,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68226710/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36143528" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/MichelSardin">Michel Sardin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36143528" type="text/json">{"id":36143528,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Sardin","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"MichelSardin","display_name":"Michel Sardin","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/MichelSardin?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50123388 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50123388"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50123388, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50123388", }); 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Fundamentals","created_at":"2021-07-21T01:45:49.948-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50123388/Properties_of_concentration_waves_in_presence_of_nonlinear_sorption_precipitation_dissolution_and_homogeneous_reactions_1_Fundamentals?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_50123388","summary":"Properties of concentration waves of solutes affected by nonlinear sorption, precipitation/ dissolution and homogeneous reactions in the mobile and stationary phases are established when the number of phases is constant. These properties essentially depend on the structure of a stoichiometric matrix which describes the chemical interactions. A reduction procedure of the stoichiometric matrix gives the number of waves or peaks together with their propagation velocities, and the retardation factors of species at trace levels. The location of the peaks and their broadening behavior due to the nonlinear equilibria are estimated. The number of waves and the properties of suitable linear combinations of concentrations provide a method for discriminating among rival interaction mechanisms irrespective of the equilibrium constants. This cannot be done using conventional methods based on the comparison between numerical simulations and experimental curves. Bryant et al., 1986] are devoted to the consequences of the set of elementary interactions (homogeneous reactions, adsorption and/or exchange reactions, precipitation, dissolution, degassing processes, etc.) on the structure and properties of the corresponding breakthrough curves (BTC). Predicting qualitative properties of BTCs or elucidating the main features of an interaction mechanism from experimental BTCs can be performed using numerical computer codes. Unfortunately, these calculations can be time consuming and they require that the interaction parameters (i.e., equilibrium constants, kinetic constants, etc.) be known. There is thus a need for some general properties relating the structure (i.e., shape, number, and existence of waves or peaks) of the BTCs to the structure of the solid-fluid interaction mechanism. These properties should be as independent as possible of the interaction parameters, and they should help one both to discriminate among rival mecHanisms and to estimate the sensitivity of the shape of the BTCs to physicochemical parameters. This first of two papers describes the underlying concepts","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68226710,"asset_id":50123388,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36143528,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Sardin","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"MichelSardin","display_name":"Michel Sardin","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/MichelSardin?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":60653,"name":"Transport Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Properties?f_ri=4526"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":497452,"name":"Numerical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":743556,"name":"Ion Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ion_Exchange?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1228946,"name":"Physical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Properties?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1434580,"name":"Breakthrough Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breakthrough_Curve?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1458665,"name":"Equilibrium Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equilibrium_Constant?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32167453" data-work_id="32167453" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32167453/Comment_on_Digital_Elevation_Model_Grid_Size_Landscape_Representation_and_Hydrologic_Simulations_by_Weihua_Zhang_and_David_R_Montgomery">Comment on “Digital Elevation Model Grid Size, Landscape Representation, and Hydrologic Simulations’ by Weihua Zhang and David R. Montgomery</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">examine the effect of digital elevation model (DEM) grid size on landscape characterization and hydrologic simulation of catchment response. They conclude "that a grid size of 10 m would suffice for many DEM-based applications of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32167453" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">examine the effect of digital elevation model (DEM) grid size on landscape characterization and hydrologic simulation of catchment response. They conclude "that a grid size of 10 m would suffice for many DEM-based applications of geomorphic and hydrologic modeling" (p. 1027). In this comment the findings of the study are reviewed in terms of the information content of the DEMs. We</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32167453" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7726a51f6fbde82ce7795e4c9148393" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52403396,"asset_id":32167453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52403396/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107125" href="https://usask.academia.edu/LawrenceMartz">Lawrence Martz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107125" type="text/json">{"id":107125,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Martz","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"LawrenceMartz","display_name":"Lawrence Martz","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/LawrenceMartz?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107125/20419083/20084422/s65_lawrence.martz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32167453 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32167453"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32167453, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32167453", }); 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Montgomery","created_at":"2017-03-31T08:45:27.183-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32167453/Comment_on_Digital_Elevation_Model_Grid_Size_Landscape_Representation_and_Hydrologic_Simulations_by_Weihua_Zhang_and_David_R_Montgomery?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_32167453","summary":"examine the effect of digital elevation model (DEM) grid size on landscape characterization and hydrologic simulation of catchment response. They conclude \"that a grid size of 10 m would suffice for many DEM-based applications of geomorphic and hydrologic modeling\" (p. 1027). In this comment the findings of the study are reviewed in terms of the information content of the DEMs. We","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52403396,"asset_id":32167453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107125,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Martz","domain_name":"usask","page_name":"LawrenceMartz","display_name":"Lawrence Martz","profile_url":"https://usask.academia.edu/LawrenceMartz?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107125/20419083/20084422/s65_lawrence.martz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":284544,"name":"Digital Elevation Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Elevation_Model?f_ri=4526"},{"id":313898,"name":"Information Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Content?f_ri=4526"},{"id":400982,"name":"Topographic Map","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Topographic_Map?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2556223" data-work_id="2556223" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2556223/Correction_to_Using_linear_approximations_to_rank_realizations_in_groundwater_modeling_Application_to_worst_case_selection_by_J_Jaime_G%C3%B3mez_Hern%C3%A1ndez_and_Jes%C3%BAs_Carrera">Correction to “Using linear approximations to rank realizations in groundwater modeling: Application to worst case selection” by J. 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Jaime Gómez-Hernández and Jesús Carrera","created_at":"2013-02-11T20:59:35.862-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2556223/Correction_to_Using_linear_approximations_to_rank_realizations_in_groundwater_modeling_Application_to_worst_case_selection_by_J_Jaime_G%C3%B3mez_Hern%C3%A1ndez_and_Jes%C3%BAs_Carrera?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_2556223","summary":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50570254,"asset_id":2556223,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106950,"first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Gómez-Hernández","domain_name":"upv","page_name":"JaimeGomezHernandez","display_name":"Jaime Gómez-Hernández","profile_url":"https://upv.academia.edu/JaimeGomezHernandez?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106950/85367/1380701/s65_jaime.g_mez-hern_ndez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":13191,"name":"Groundwater modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater_modeling?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":588230,"name":"Linear Approximation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_Approximation?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7706863" data-work_id="7706863" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7706863/Infiltration_penetration_resistance_and_microphytic_crust_composition_in_contrasted_microsites_within_a_Mediterranean_semi_arid_steppe">Infiltration, penetration resistance and microphytic crust composition in contrasted microsites within a Mediterranean semi-arid steppe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In semi-arid areas with sparse vegetation cover, runoff generated in the open areas is crucial for the maintenance of vegetated patches. Microphytic crusts play a major role in this redistribution of water, thus in¯uencing ecosystem... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7706863" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In semi-arid areas with sparse vegetation cover, runoff generated in the open areas is crucial for the maintenance of vegetated patches. Microphytic crusts play a major role in this redistribution of water, thus in¯uencing ecosystem functioning and dynamics. We investigated the effects of alpha grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) on the composition of the microphytic crusts, surface soil compaction, and in®ltration in a semi-arid steppe of SE Spain. The microphytic crust composition differed between the upslope of S. tenacissima tussocks (tussock microsites) and the inter-tussock areas with sparse vascular plant cover (open microsites), with more moss cover in the tussock microsite, and more cyanobacteria and lichens in the open microsite. The surface soil compaction was higher in the open microsite. Variables related with in®ltration showed a clear microsite effect, with higher in®ltration rate and less time required by ®rst drop to percolate in the tussock microsite. Partial correlation analysis showed a signi®cant negative relationship between the cyanobacteria cover and the in®ltration rate, and both the cyanobacteria cover and the percentage of bare soil showed a signi®cant positive relationship with the time required for ®rst drop to percolate. Our results reinforce the idea that open microsites act as sources of water for S. tenacissima tussocks. This study helps to understand the interactions between microphytic crusts and vascular plants in semi-arid environments. q</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7706863" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9bbbe6e4b2b5b870abb03d0e9c76a7a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48365094,"asset_id":7706863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48365094/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14060634" href="https://alicante.academia.edu/SusanaBautista">Susana Bautista</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14060634" type="text/json">{"id":14060634,"first_name":"Susana","last_name":"Bautista","domain_name":"alicante","page_name":"SusanaBautista","display_name":"Susana Bautista","profile_url":"https://alicante.academia.edu/SusanaBautista?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7706863 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7706863"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7706863, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7706863", }); 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Microphytic crusts play a major role in this redistribution of water, thus in¯uencing ecosystem functioning and dynamics. We investigated the effects of alpha grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) on the composition of the microphytic crusts, surface soil compaction, and in®ltration in a semi-arid steppe of SE Spain. The microphytic crust composition differed between the upslope of S. tenacissima tussocks (tussock microsites) and the inter-tussock areas with sparse vascular plant cover (open microsites), with more moss cover in the tussock microsite, and more cyanobacteria and lichens in the open microsite. The surface soil compaction was higher in the open microsite. Variables related with in®ltration showed a clear microsite effect, with higher in®ltration rate and less time required by ®rst drop to percolate in the tussock microsite. Partial correlation analysis showed a signi®cant negative relationship between the cyanobacteria cover and the in®ltration rate, and both the cyanobacteria cover and the percentage of bare soil showed a signi®cant positive relationship with the time required for ®rst drop to percolate. Our results reinforce the idea that open microsites act as sources of water for S. tenacissima tussocks. This study helps to understand the interactions between microphytic crusts and vascular plants in semi-arid environments. q","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48365094,"asset_id":7706863,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14060634,"first_name":"Susana","last_name":"Bautista","domain_name":"alicante","page_name":"SusanaBautista","display_name":"Susana Bautista","profile_url":"https://alicante.academia.edu/SusanaBautista?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":50071,"name":"Percolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Percolation?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=4526"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=4526"},{"id":253841,"name":"Soil Compaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Compaction?f_ri=4526"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=4526"},{"id":389296,"name":"Infiltration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infiltration?f_ri=4526"},{"id":390247,"name":"Compaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compaction?f_ri=4526"},{"id":413289,"name":"Penetration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Penetration?f_ri=4526"},{"id":429427,"name":"Gramineae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramineae?f_ri=4526"},{"id":543495,"name":"Soil Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Biology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":615464,"name":"Ecosystem Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem_Function?f_ri=4526"},{"id":788416,"name":"Vegetation Cover","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vegetation_Cover?f_ri=4526"},{"id":808624,"name":"Vascular Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_Plants?f_ri=4526"},{"id":962411,"name":"Steppe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steppe?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1192144,"name":"Stipa Tenacissima","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stipa_Tenacissima?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2142568,"name":"Thallophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thallophyta?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13380202" data-work_id="13380202" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13380202/Adaptation_of_urban_water_supply_infrastructure_to_impacts_from_climate_and_socioeconomic_changes_The_case_of_Hamilton_New_Zealand">Adaptation of urban water supply infrastructure to impacts from climate and socioeconomic changes: The case of Hamilton, New Zealand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">While the relations between climate variables and sectoral water demand have been well established in the literature, few studies have attempted to quantify changes in urban water usage with climate change. Concentrating on the city of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13380202" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">While the relations between climate variables and sectoral water demand have been well established in the literature, few studies have attempted to quantify changes in urban water usage with climate change. Concentrating on the city of Hamilton, New Zealand, we investigate possible water use and infrastructure needs for a range of climate and population projections. We find that water demand (at the monthly aggregate level) is largely driven by changes in population, and not significantly affected by changes in climate. However, as population increases, the effect of climate variables on per capita consumption will be magnified. Monthly aggregate changes may further mask potenially significant short-term shortages. In several scenarios, water supply shortages in 2030 occur with a 30-40% probability, suggesting needs for long-term capacity expansion or aggressive demand side management, rather than implementation of short-term management of water demand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13380202" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a54f9ac5e105e32e43cc36e31bd0c2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45406259,"asset_id":13380202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45406259/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32608058" href="https://neu.academia.edu/MatthiasRuth">Matthias Ruth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32608058" type="text/json">{"id":32608058,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Ruth","domain_name":"neu","page_name":"MatthiasRuth","display_name":"Matthias Ruth","profile_url":"https://neu.academia.edu/MatthiasRuth?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13380202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13380202"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13380202, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13380202", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13380202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13380202").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13380202").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13380202"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4753" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability">Climate variability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4753" type="text/json">{"id":4753,"name":"Climate variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management">Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24093" type="text/json">{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13380202]'), work: {"id":13380202,"title":"Adaptation of urban water supply infrastructure to impacts from climate and socioeconomic changes: The case of Hamilton, New Zealand","created_at":"2015-06-28T07:25:36.308-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13380202/Adaptation_of_urban_water_supply_infrastructure_to_impacts_from_climate_and_socioeconomic_changes_The_case_of_Hamilton_New_Zealand?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_13380202","summary":"While the relations between climate variables and sectoral water demand have been well established in the literature, few studies have attempted to quantify changes in urban water usage with climate change. Concentrating on the city of Hamilton, New Zealand, we investigate possible water use and infrastructure needs for a range of climate and population projections. We find that water demand (at the monthly aggregate level) is largely driven by changes in population, and not significantly affected by changes in climate. However, as population increases, the effect of climate variables on per capita consumption will be magnified. Monthly aggregate changes may further mask potenially significant short-term shortages. In several scenarios, water supply shortages in 2030 occur with a 30-40% probability, suggesting needs for long-term capacity expansion or aggressive demand side management, rather than implementation of short-term management of water demand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45406259,"asset_id":13380202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32608058,"first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Ruth","domain_name":"neu","page_name":"MatthiasRuth","display_name":"Matthias Ruth","profile_url":"https://neu.academia.edu/MatthiasRuth?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4753,"name":"Climate variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":24093,"name":"Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4526"},{"id":42230,"name":"Demand Side Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demand_Side_Management?f_ri=4526"},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=4526"},{"id":66263,"name":"Water Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Demand?f_ri=4526"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=4526"},{"id":251652,"name":"Water Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Use?f_ri=4526"},{"id":437146,"name":"Climate impacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_impacts?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12652748" data-work_id="12652748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12652748/Water_and_Human_Health">Water and Human Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As we have broadened our vision of health, the full meaning of water to the human race has begun to reveal itself. In the most concrete terms, our dependency on water is indisputable. In its 1948 Constitution, the World Health... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12652748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As we have broadened our vision of health, the full meaning of water to the human race has begun to reveal itself.  In the most concrete terms, our dependency on water is indisputable. In its 1948 Constitution, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as “a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. This paper explores the multi-dimensional connections between water and human health.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12652748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="df81d78916ca3495c8d8fa12fe52a716" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37762391,"asset_id":12652748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37762391/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25138504" href="https://hartford.academia.edu/MikeMagee">Mike Magee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25138504" type="text/json">{"id":25138504,"first_name":"Mike","last_name":"Magee","domain_name":"hartford","page_name":"MikeMagee","display_name":"Mike Magee","profile_url":"https://hartford.academia.edu/MikeMagee?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25138504/6835710/12252416/s65_mike.magee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12652748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12652748"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12652748, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12652748", }); 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In the most concrete terms, our dependency on water is indisputable. In its 1948 Constitution, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as “a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. 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Includes a workshop case study, 'The Legend of Big Hydro'.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10779711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="841ca514f5032b960dfaa505e55c8ba0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36630755,"asset_id":10779711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36630755/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7801934" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HooperBruce">Bruce P Hooper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7801934" type="text/json">{"id":7801934,"first_name":"Bruce","last_name":"Hooper","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HooperBruce","display_name":"Bruce P Hooper","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HooperBruce?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7801934/123688958/167018014/s65_bruce.hooper.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10779711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10779711"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10779711, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10779711", }); 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It is shown that the aqueous concentration profile can be obtained exactly in the form of a traveling wave front. We outline the methodology of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3172465" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study a contaminant transport model with a cubic approximation for Langmuir sorption. It is shown that the aqueous concentration profile can be obtained exactly in the form of a traveling wave front. We outline the methodology of obtaining the exact solution and present two possible closed form solutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3172465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef1500a66a916bfa617575b28e7a1ab1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50426764,"asset_id":3172465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50426764/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3623057" href="https://wsu.academia.edu/ValipuramManoranjan">Valipuram Manoranjan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3623057" type="text/json">{"id":3623057,"first_name":"Valipuram","last_name":"Manoranjan","domain_name":"wsu","page_name":"ValipuramManoranjan","display_name":"Valipuram Manoranjan","profile_url":"https://wsu.academia.edu/ValipuramManoranjan?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3172465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3172465"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3172465, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3172465", }); 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It is shown that the aqueous concentration profile can be obtained exactly in the form of a traveling wave front. We outline the methodology of obtaining the exact solution and present two possible closed form solutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50426764,"asset_id":3172465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3623057,"first_name":"Valipuram","last_name":"Manoranjan","domain_name":"wsu","page_name":"ValipuramManoranjan","display_name":"Valipuram Manoranjan","profile_url":"https://wsu.academia.edu/ValipuramManoranjan?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":305,"name":"Applied Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mathematics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66376649" data-work_id="66376649" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66376649/Riverine_Bathymetry_Imaging_With_Indirect_Observations">Riverine Bathymetry Imaging With Indirect Observations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bathymetry, i.e., depth, imaging in a river is of crucial importance for shipping operations and flood management. With advancements in sensor technology and plentiful computational resources, various types of indirect measurements can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66376649" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bathymetry, i.e., depth, imaging in a river is of crucial importance for shipping operations and flood management. With advancements in sensor technology and plentiful computational resources, various types of indirect measurements can be used to estimate high-resolution river bed topography. In this work, we image river bed topography using depth-averaged quasi-steady velocity observations related to the topography through the 2D shallow water equations. The principal component geostatistical approach</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66376649" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6a80a7b30ea14608a12c972b9f8dd2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77592399,"asset_id":66376649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77592399/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38270465" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewFarthing">Matthew Farthing</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38270465" type="text/json">{"id":38270465,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Farthing","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewFarthing","display_name":"Matthew Farthing","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewFarthing?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66376649 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66376649"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66376649, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66376649", }); 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With advancements in sensor technology and plentiful computational resources, various types of indirect measurements can be used to estimate high-resolution river bed topography. In this work, we image river bed topography using depth-averaged quasi-steady velocity observations related to the topography through the 2D shallow water equations. The principal component geostatistical approach","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77592399,"asset_id":66376649,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38270465,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Farthing","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatthewFarthing","display_name":"Matthew Farthing","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MatthewFarthing?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73578584" data-work_id="73578584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73578584/The_mercury_and_cadmium_levels_in_the_waters_of_the_two_major_rivers_in_Cagayan_De_Oro_City_Philippines">The mercury and cadmium levels in the waters of the two major rivers in Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Cagayan de Oro River and the Iponan River are two major rivers in the City of Cagayan de Oro-a highly urbanized city in the southern part of the Philippines. The waters of these two rivers were monitored at the downstream, midstream,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73578584" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Cagayan de Oro River and the Iponan River are two major rivers in the City of Cagayan de Oro-a highly urbanized city in the southern part of the Philippines. The waters of these two rivers were monitored at the downstream, midstream, and upstream portions for 8 months to establish the levels of mercury and cadmium. A total of 11 samples have been taken and analyzed for mercury using AAS equipped with a mercury/hydride</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73578584" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55a1f991330f0c9722b36056ebe4cf82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82046255,"asset_id":73578584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82046255/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="130830529" href="https://must-ph.academia.edu/ronniebesagas">Ronnie Besagas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="130830529" type="text/json">{"id":130830529,"first_name":"Ronnie","last_name":"Besagas","domain_name":"must-ph","page_name":"ronniebesagas","display_name":"Ronnie Besagas","profile_url":"https://must-ph.academia.edu/ronniebesagas?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/130830529/72694548/61163827/s65_ronnie.besagas.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73578584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73578584"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73578584, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73578584", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73578584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73578584; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73578584"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73578584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73578584"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73578584; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73578584]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73578584").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73578584").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73578584"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73578584]'), work: {"id":73578584,"title":"The mercury and cadmium levels in the waters of the two major rivers in Cagayan De Oro City, Philippines","created_at":"2022-03-11T22:20:56.907-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73578584/The_mercury_and_cadmium_levels_in_the_waters_of_the_two_major_rivers_in_Cagayan_De_Oro_City_Philippines?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_73578584","summary":"The Cagayan de Oro River and the Iponan River are two major rivers in the City of Cagayan de Oro-a highly urbanized city in the southern part of the Philippines. The waters of these two rivers were monitored at the downstream, midstream, and upstream portions for 8 months to establish the levels of mercury and cadmium. A total of 11 samples have been taken and analyzed for mercury using AAS equipped with a mercury/hydride","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82046255,"asset_id":73578584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":130830529,"first_name":"Ronnie","last_name":"Besagas","domain_name":"must-ph","page_name":"ronniebesagas","display_name":"Ronnie Besagas","profile_url":"https://must-ph.academia.edu/ronniebesagas?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/130830529/72694548/61163827/s65_ronnie.besagas.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71331679" data-work_id="71331679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71331679/A_numerical_study_of_bank_storage_and_its_contribution_to_streamflow">A numerical study of bank storage and its contribution to streamflow</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Floodplains mitigate against extreme annual hydrologic phenomena by storing substantial volumes of water which would otherwise increase flood volumes. Later floodplains gradually release this water which serves to maintain baseflows. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71331679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Floodplains mitigate against extreme annual hydrologic phenomena by storing substantial volumes of water which would otherwise increase flood volumes. Later floodplains gradually release this water which serves to maintain baseflows. This phenomenon, called bank storage, has important physical and ecological ramifications which in addition to reducing flood peaks, include sustaining riparian vegetation and improving water quality. We developed a model of bank storage based upon the earlier work of Neuman and Witherspoon (Wat. Resour. Res., 6 (1990) 889, 1376; 7 (1971) 611). This model (WaTab2D) treats the flow of water through floodplain soils for a general twodimensional case: non-symmetrical valleys, non-symmetrical channel banks, non-uniform hydraulic geometry and non-zero boundary fluxes. The total volume that can potentially be released from bank storage is nearly proportional to the width of the floodplain, the height of the bank, and the specific yield; the duration over which water is released from bank storage increases with increasing floodplain width and decreases with hydraulic conductivity. Drainage of water from the floodplain with a drop in channel water level occurs over a period of days in gravel, weeks to a few years in sand, years in silt, and decades in clay. The rate of drainage decreases in an exponential-like manner. ᭧ 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71331679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf45fd5b57b5cb3a73cd1680fc221f6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80720659,"asset_id":71331679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80720659/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40284799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter">Peter Whiting</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40284799" type="text/json">{"id":40284799,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Whiting","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhitingPeter","display_name":"Peter Whiting","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71331679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71331679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71331679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71331679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71331679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71331679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71331679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71331679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71331679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71331679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71331679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71331679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71331679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71331679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology">Hydrology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2549" type="text/json">{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71331679]'), work: {"id":71331679,"title":"A numerical study of bank storage and its contribution to streamflow","created_at":"2022-02-13T04:44:13.177-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71331679/A_numerical_study_of_bank_storage_and_its_contribution_to_streamflow?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_71331679","summary":"Floodplains mitigate against extreme annual hydrologic phenomena by storing substantial volumes of water which would otherwise increase flood volumes. Later floodplains gradually release this water which serves to maintain baseflows. This phenomenon, called bank storage, has important physical and ecological ramifications which in addition to reducing flood peaks, include sustaining riparian vegetation and improving water quality. We developed a model of bank storage based upon the earlier work of Neuman and Witherspoon (Wat. Resour. Res., 6 (1990) 889, 1376; 7 (1971) 611). This model (WaTab2D) treats the flow of water through floodplain soils for a general twodimensional case: non-symmetrical valleys, non-symmetrical channel banks, non-uniform hydraulic geometry and non-zero boundary fluxes. The total volume that can potentially be released from bank storage is nearly proportional to the width of the floodplain, the height of the bank, and the specific yield; the duration over which water is released from bank storage increases with increasing floodplain width and decreases with hydraulic conductivity. Drainage of water from the floodplain with a drop in channel water level occurs over a period of days in gravel, weeks to a few years in sand, years in silt, and decades in clay. The rate of drainage decreases in an exponential-like manner. ᭧ 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80720659,"asset_id":71331679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40284799,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Whiting","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WhitingPeter","display_name":"Peter Whiting","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WhitingPeter?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":76653,"name":"Discharge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discharge?f_ri=4526"},{"id":113556,"name":"Ground Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":238233,"name":"Riparian vegetation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Riparian_vegetation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":341079,"name":"Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storage?f_ri=4526"},{"id":877207,"name":"Water Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Level?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63490247" data-work_id="63490247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63490247/A_Two_Phase_Model_for_Trade_Matching_and_Price_Setting_in_Double_Auction_Water_Markets">A Two-Phase Model for Trade Matching and Price Setting in Double Auction Water Markets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Delivery in water markets is generally operated by agencies through channel systems, which imposes physical and institutional market constraints. Many water markets allow water users to post selling and buying requests on a board.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63490247" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Delivery in water markets is generally operated by agencies through channel systems, which imposes physical and institutional market constraints. Many water markets allow water users to post selling and buying requests on a board. However, water users may not be able to choose efficiently when the information (including the constraints) becomes complex. This study proposes an innovative two-phase model to address this problem based on practical experience in China. The first phase seeks and determines the optimal assignment that maximizes the incremental improvement of the system's social welfare according to the bids and asks in the water market. The second phase sets appropriate prices under constraints. Applying this model to China's Xiying Irrigation District shows that it can improve social welfare more than the current ''pool exchange'' method can. Within the second phase, we evaluate three objective functions (minimum variance, threshold-based balance, and two-sided balance), which represent different managerial goals. The threshold-based balance function should be preferred by most users, while the two-sided balance should be preferred by players who post extreme prices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63490247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99ea6d24971484ac0f148e41366db3de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75904581,"asset_id":63490247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75904581/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30132168" href="https://tsinghua.academia.edu/JianshiZhao">Jianshi Zhao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30132168" type="text/json">{"id":30132168,"first_name":"Jianshi","last_name":"Zhao","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"JianshiZhao","display_name":"Jianshi Zhao","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/JianshiZhao?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63490247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63490247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63490247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63490247", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63490247]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63490247").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63490247").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63490247"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63490247]'), work: {"id":63490247,"title":"A Two-Phase Model for Trade Matching and Price Setting in Double Auction Water Markets","created_at":"2021-12-07T16:46:25.145-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63490247/A_Two_Phase_Model_for_Trade_Matching_and_Price_Setting_in_Double_Auction_Water_Markets?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_63490247","summary":"Delivery in water markets is generally operated by agencies through channel systems, which imposes physical and institutional market constraints. Many water markets allow water users to post selling and buying requests on a board. However, water users may not be able to choose efficiently when the information (including the constraints) becomes complex. This study proposes an innovative two-phase model to address this problem based on practical experience in China. The first phase seeks and determines the optimal assignment that maximizes the incremental improvement of the system's social welfare according to the bids and asks in the water market. The second phase sets appropriate prices under constraints. Applying this model to China's Xiying Irrigation District shows that it can improve social welfare more than the current ''pool exchange'' method can. Within the second phase, we evaluate three objective functions (minimum variance, threshold-based balance, and two-sided balance), which represent different managerial goals. The threshold-based balance function should be preferred by most users, while the two-sided balance should be preferred by players who post extreme prices.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75904581,"asset_id":63490247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30132168,"first_name":"Jianshi","last_name":"Zhao","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"JianshiZhao","display_name":"Jianshi Zhao","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/JianshiZhao?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57842659" data-work_id="57842659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57842659/Impact_of_reservoirs_on_river_discharge_and_irrigation_water_supply_during_the_20th_century">Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a quantitative estimation of the impact of reservoirs on discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century at global, continental, and river basin scale. Compared to a natural situation the combined effect... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57842659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a quantitative estimation of the impact of reservoirs on discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century at global, continental, and river basin scale. Compared to a natural situation the combined effect of reservoir operation and irrigation extractions decreased mean annual discharge to oceans and significantly changed the timing of this discharge. For example, in Europe, May discharge decreased by 10%, while in February it increased by 8%. At the end of the 20th century, reservoir operations and irrigation extractions decreased annual global discharge by about 2.1% (930 km 3 yr À1). Simulation results show that reservoirs contribute significantly to irrigation water supply in many regions. Basins that rely heavily on reservoir water are the Colorado and Columbia River basins in the United States and several large basins in India, China, and central Asia (e.g., in the Krishna and Huang He basins, reservoirs more than doubled surface water supply). Continents gaining the most are North America, Africa, and Asia, where reservoirs supplied 57, 22, and 360 km 3 yr À1 respectively between 1981-2000, which is in all cases 40% more than the availability in the situation without reservoirs. Globally, the irrigation water supply from reservoirs increased from around 18 km 3 yr À1 (adding 5% to surface water supply) at the beginning of the 20th century to 460 km 3 yr À1 (adding almost 40% to surface water supply) at the end of the 20th century. The analysis is performed using a newly developed and validated reservoir operation scheme within a global-scale hydrology and vegetation model (LPJmL).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57842659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="723fdeef6daa5514f662ef6f07a8c104" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72544060,"asset_id":57842659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72544060/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32615227" href="https://wageningen-ur.academia.edu/HBiemans">H. Biemans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32615227" type="text/json">{"id":32615227,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Biemans","domain_name":"wageningen-ur","page_name":"HBiemans","display_name":"H. Biemans","profile_url":"https://wageningen-ur.academia.edu/HBiemans?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57842659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57842659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57842659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57842659", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57842659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57842659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57842659"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57842659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57842659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57842659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57842659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57842659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57842659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57842659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics">Applied Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27659" type="text/json">{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57842659]'), work: {"id":57842659,"title":"Impact of reservoirs on river discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century","created_at":"2021-10-14T08:54:09.142-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57842659/Impact_of_reservoirs_on_river_discharge_and_irrigation_water_supply_during_the_20th_century?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_57842659","summary":"This paper presents a quantitative estimation of the impact of reservoirs on discharge and irrigation water supply during the 20th century at global, continental, and river basin scale. Compared to a natural situation the combined effect of reservoir operation and irrigation extractions decreased mean annual discharge to oceans and significantly changed the timing of this discharge. For example, in Europe, May discharge decreased by 10%, while in February it increased by 8%. At the end of the 20th century, reservoir operations and irrigation extractions decreased annual global discharge by about 2.1% (930 km 3 yr À1). Simulation results show that reservoirs contribute significantly to irrigation water supply in many regions. Basins that rely heavily on reservoir water are the Colorado and Columbia River basins in the United States and several large basins in India, China, and central Asia (e.g., in the Krishna and Huang He basins, reservoirs more than doubled surface water supply). Continents gaining the most are North America, Africa, and Asia, where reservoirs supplied 57, 22, and 360 km 3 yr À1 respectively between 1981-2000, which is in all cases 40% more than the availability in the situation without reservoirs. Globally, the irrigation water supply from reservoirs increased from around 18 km 3 yr À1 (adding 5% to surface water supply) at the beginning of the 20th century to 460 km 3 yr À1 (adding almost 40% to surface water supply) at the end of the 20th century. The analysis is performed using a newly developed and validated reservoir operation scheme within a global-scale hydrology and vegetation model (LPJmL).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72544060,"asset_id":57842659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32615227,"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Biemans","domain_name":"wageningen-ur","page_name":"HBiemans","display_name":"H. Biemans","profile_url":"https://wageningen-ur.academia.edu/HBiemans?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":76802,"name":"Reservoir Operation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reservoir_Operation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=4526"},{"id":142810,"name":"Surface Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":192512,"name":"Irrigation Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation_Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":202690,"name":"Human impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_impact?f_ri=4526"},{"id":253469,"name":"North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America?f_ri=4526"},{"id":291498,"name":"River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin?f_ri=4526"},{"id":558243,"name":"Water Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resource?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1494552,"name":"River Discharge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Discharge?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53888024" data-work_id="53888024" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53888024/Incipient_sediment_motion_at_high_slopes_in_uniform_flow_condition">Incipient sediment motion at high slopes in uniform flow condition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reviews the problem of the incipient motion of cohesionless particles in a high sloping water stream. A theoretical analysis of the equilibrium of a gravel particle is developed by a deterministic approach with the introduction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53888024" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reviews the problem of the incipient motion of cohesionless particles in a high sloping water stream. A theoretical analysis of the equilibrium of a gravel particle is developed by a deterministic approach with the introduction of the relative degree of exposure of the particle itself to the stream flow. The parameter, relative degree of exposure, relates the positioning of a particle with the upstream one. The problem of velocity distribution and the definition of drag coefficient is also revised to better account for low submergence. The results of the theory are compared with a series of ad hoc experiments performed by C. Gregoretti.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53888024" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0191c6171928fa83eca3d85cdf1cd64e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70517452,"asset_id":53888024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70517452/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="97177172" href="https://talentgate.academia.edu/carlogregoretti">carlo gregoretti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="97177172" type="text/json">{"id":97177172,"first_name":"carlo","last_name":"gregoretti","domain_name":"talentgate","page_name":"carlogregoretti","display_name":"carlo gregoretti","profile_url":"https://talentgate.academia.edu/carlogregoretti?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97177172/27628276/25948460/s65_carlo.gregoretti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53888024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53888024"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53888024, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53888024", }); 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A theoretical analysis of the equilibrium of a gravel particle is developed by a deterministic approach with the introduction of the relative degree of exposure of the particle itself to the stream flow. The parameter, relative degree of exposure, relates the positioning of a particle with the upstream one. The problem of velocity distribution and the definition of drag coefficient is also revised to better account for low submergence. The results of the theory are compared with a series of ad hoc experiments performed by C. Gregoretti.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70517452,"asset_id":53888024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":97177172,"first_name":"carlo","last_name":"gregoretti","domain_name":"talentgate","page_name":"carlogregoretti","display_name":"carlo gregoretti","profile_url":"https://talentgate.academia.edu/carlogregoretti?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/97177172/27628276/25948460/s65_carlo.gregoretti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":113501,"name":"Sediment transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediment_transport?f_ri=4526"},{"id":620328,"name":"Sediment Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediment_Transport-5?f_ri=4526"},{"id":685328,"name":"Drag Coefficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drag_Coefficient?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1843565,"name":"Stream Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stream_Flow?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52123397" data-work_id="52123397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52123397/FEATURE_ARTICLE_AND_HIGHLIGHTS_Female_Entrepreneurship_in_Developing_Countries">FEATURE ARTICLE AND HIGHLIGHTS Female Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Visiting scholars and PhD Research internship programmes are posted in Opportunities. All closing dates for applications are 30 September 2010. For more information on how to apply, see Opportunities. For more information on our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52123397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Visiting scholars and PhD Research internship programmes are posted in Opportunities. All closing dates for applications are 30 September 2010. For more information on how to apply, see Opportunities. For more information on our current programme, see Research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52123397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f48ba55cb473f69ab1a4d107f423c317" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69532973,"asset_id":52123397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69532973/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32151590" href="https://syr.academia.edu/MariaMinniti">Maria Minniti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32151590" type="text/json">{"id":32151590,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Minniti","domain_name":"syr","page_name":"MariaMinniti","display_name":"Maria Minniti","profile_url":"https://syr.academia.edu/MariaMinniti?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52123397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52123397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52123397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52123397", }); 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All closing dates for applications are 30 September 2010. For more information on how to apply, see Opportunities. For more information on our current programme, see Research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69532973,"asset_id":52123397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32151590,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Minniti","domain_name":"syr","page_name":"MariaMinniti","display_name":"Maria Minniti","profile_url":"https://syr.academia.edu/MariaMinniti?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38567977 coauthored" data-work_id="38567977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38567977/Development_Indicators_of_City_Resilience_for_Water_Resources_Management_in_Chiang_Rai_Province">Development Indicators of City Resilience for Water Resources Management in Chiang Rai Province</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chiang Rai province, Thailand, one of ten cities in Asia, was selected to participate in the Asian Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) project, and is one of the cities facing effects of climate changes: floods, landslides,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38567977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chiang Rai province, Thailand, one of ten cities in Asia, was selected to participate in the Asian Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) project, and is one of the cities facing effects of climate changes: floods, landslides, inadequate water supplies, as well as urbanization. Regarding climate changes, there must be the process of building city's response and development of indicators in order to cope with the climate changes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop indicators and provided information, which are useful for related organizations and communities to understand the situation of city resilience for water resource management. The indicators development process were comprised of three steps: 1) literature review of knowledge about concepts, theories, research, as well as forming the proposals of development indicators of city resilience, (2) selecting evaluation criteria, and (3) grouping and developing indicators. The results revealed that there were totally 13 indicators divided into two targets to develop city resilience indicators. The first target was Chiang Rai must have sufficient clean water for sustainable use (9 indicators), and the second target was agriculture and community must have adequate and goo quality water (4 indicators). The good indicator for the first target was "Chiang Rai required sufficiently clean water for sustainable use", while the bad indicator was "there must be an improvement is enhancing community level to participate in water management". Regarding the second target, the good indicator was "agricultural and community sectors had sufficient quantity and good quality water", whilst the bad indicator was "there was a requirement for planning improvement to seek new or alternative water sources".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38567977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5fb60d1c3c979fdac1f8d4af0153f134" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58640556,"asset_id":38567977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58640556/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="105286654" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UnggoonWongtragoon">Unggoon Wongtragoon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="105286654" type="text/json">{"id":105286654,"first_name":"Unggoon","last_name":"Wongtragoon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UnggoonWongtragoon","display_name":"Unggoon Wongtragoon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UnggoonWongtragoon?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/105286654/23981822/22992401/s65_unggoon.wongtragoon.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38567977">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38567977"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuneepornSuwanmaneepong">Suneeporn Suwanmaneepong</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38567977'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38567977').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38567977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38567977"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38567977; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38567977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38567977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38567977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38567977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38567977]'), work: {"id":38567977,"title":"Development Indicators of City Resilience for Water Resources Management in Chiang Rai Province","created_at":"2019-03-17T08:46:54.507-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38567977/Development_Indicators_of_City_Resilience_for_Water_Resources_Management_in_Chiang_Rai_Province?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_38567977","summary":"Chiang Rai province, Thailand, one of ten cities in Asia, was selected to participate in the Asian Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) project, and is one of the cities facing effects of climate changes: floods, landslides, inadequate water supplies, as well as urbanization. Regarding climate changes, there must be the process of building city's response and development of indicators in order to cope with the climate changes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to develop indicators and provided information, which are useful for related organizations and communities to understand the situation of city resilience for water resource management. The indicators development process were comprised of three steps: 1) literature review of knowledge about concepts, theories, research, as well as forming the proposals of development indicators of city resilience, (2) selecting evaluation criteria, and (3) grouping and developing indicators. The results revealed that there were totally 13 indicators divided into two targets to develop city resilience indicators. The first target was Chiang Rai must have sufficient clean water for sustainable use (9 indicators), and the second target was agriculture and community must have adequate and goo quality water (4 indicators). The good indicator for the first target was \"Chiang Rai required sufficiently clean water for sustainable use\", while the bad indicator was \"there must be an improvement is enhancing community level to participate in water management\". Regarding the second target, the good indicator was \"agricultural and community sectors had sufficient quantity and good quality water\", whilst the bad indicator was \"there was a requirement for planning improvement to seek new or alternative water sources\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58640556,"asset_id":38567977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":105286654,"first_name":"Unggoon","last_name":"Wongtragoon","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UnggoonWongtragoon","display_name":"Unggoon Wongtragoon","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UnggoonWongtragoon?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/105286654/23981822/22992401/s65_unggoon.wongtragoon.jpg"},{"id":107506313,"first_name":"Suneeporn","last_name":"Suwanmaneepong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuneepornSuwanmaneepong","display_name":"Suneeporn Suwanmaneepong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuneepornSuwanmaneepong?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107506313/52177935/40278658/s65_suneeporn.suwanmaneepong.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37023915" data-work_id="37023915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37023915/Water_in_Modern_Greece_K_12_Lesson_Plan">Water in Modern Greece K-12 Lesson Plan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this educational lesson plan, students will learn about a recent environmental struggle in Greece to prevent diseases caused by the water from affecting the population of a small village in the 19th-20th centuries. The conflict... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37023915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this educational lesson plan, students will learn about a recent environmental struggle in Greece to prevent diseases caused by the water from affecting the population of a small village in the 19th-20th centuries.  The conflict between American archaeologists and the modern village of Ancient Corinth to provide a clean water source was a major environmental concern in the area which is heavily used for agricultural purposes to this day.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37023915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2cd3143c68a925d093db78bf23851b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56973328,"asset_id":37023915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56973328/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43672693" href="https://ascsa.academia.edu/KatherinePetrole">Katherine Petrole</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43672693" type="text/json">{"id":43672693,"first_name":"Katherine","last_name":"Petrole","domain_name":"ascsa","page_name":"KatherinePetrole","display_name":"Katherine Petrole","profile_url":"https://ascsa.academia.edu/KatherinePetrole?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43672693/13710129/80779708/s65_katherine.petrole.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37023915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37023915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37023915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37023915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37023915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37023915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37023915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37023915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39957" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corinth">Corinth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39957" type="text/json">{"id":39957,"name":"Corinth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corinth?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40685" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40685" type="text/json">{"id":40685,"name":"Ancient Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37023915]'), work: {"id":37023915,"title":"Water in Modern Greece K-12 Lesson Plan","created_at":"2018-07-11T01:08:23.007-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37023915/Water_in_Modern_Greece_K_12_Lesson_Plan?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_37023915","summary":"In this educational lesson plan, students will learn about a recent environmental struggle in Greece to prevent diseases caused by the water from affecting the population of a small village in the 19th-20th centuries. The conflict between American archaeologists and the modern village of Ancient Corinth to provide a clean water source was a major environmental concern in the area which is heavily used for agricultural purposes to this day.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56973328,"asset_id":37023915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43672693,"first_name":"Katherine","last_name":"Petrole","domain_name":"ascsa","page_name":"KatherinePetrole","display_name":"Katherine Petrole","profile_url":"https://ascsa.academia.edu/KatherinePetrole?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43672693/13710129/80779708/s65_katherine.petrole.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":39957,"name":"Corinth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corinth?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":40685,"name":"Ancient Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35141840" data-work_id="35141840" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35141840/%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%90_%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%AF%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF_%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%96%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%97%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%A5_%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%94_%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E_%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%92_%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C_%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%95_%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%94%D0%A0">ОЦЕНКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД РАВНИННОГО КРЫМА В НЕРАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОМ ФОНДЕ НЕДР</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В рамках государственной программы по охране окружающей среды и рациональному использованию природных ресурсов на 2015-2017 годы по всей территории Республики Крым производится переоценка запасов подземных вод. В свою очередь,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35141840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В рамках государственной программы по охране окружающей среды и рациональному использованию природных ресурсов на 2015-2017 годы по всей территории Республики Крым производится переоценка запасов подземных вод. В свою очередь, воссоединение Крыма с Российской Федерацией требует приведения эксплуатационных запасов подземных вод в соответствие с действующим законодательством. В связи с этим была проведена оценка современного состояния месторождений нераспределенного фонда недр (НФН) на территории Равнинного и частично Предгорного Крыма. Площадь работ охватывала центральную, западную и северо-восточную части территории Крымского полуострова.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35141840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c78d4f2980d7a758a895f25d6e9084a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55003451,"asset_id":35141840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55003451/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62258366" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NikulinaM">M. Nikulina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62258366" type="text/json">{"id":62258366,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Nikulina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NikulinaM","display_name":"M. Nikulina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NikulinaM?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62258366/18302985/18270538/s65_m..nikulina.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35141840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35141840"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35141840, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35141840", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35141840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35141840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35141840"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35141840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35141840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35141840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35141840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35141840").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35141840").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35141840"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology">Hydrogeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="411" type="text/json">{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35141840]'), work: {"id":35141840,"title":"ОЦЕНКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД РАВНИННОГО КРЫМА В НЕРАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОМ ФОНДЕ НЕДР","created_at":"2017-11-14T02:27:08.837-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35141840/%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%90_%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%AF%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF_%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%96%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%99_%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%97%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%A5_%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%94_%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E_%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%9C%D0%90_%D0%92_%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C_%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%95_%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%94%D0%A0?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_35141840","summary":"В рамках государственной программы по охране окружающей среды и рациональному использованию природных ресурсов на 2015-2017 годы по всей территории Республики Крым производится переоценка запасов подземных вод. В свою очередь, воссоединение Крыма с Российской Федерацией требует приведения эксплуатационных запасов подземных вод в соответствие с действующим законодательством. В связи с этим была проведена оценка современного состояния месторождений нераспределенного фонда недр (НФН) на территории Равнинного и частично Предгорного Крыма. Площадь работ охватывала центральную, западную и северо-восточную части территории Крымского полуострова.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55003451,"asset_id":35141840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62258366,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Nikulina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NikulinaM","display_name":"M. Nikulina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NikulinaM?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62258366/18302985/18270538/s65_m..nikulina.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33851964" data-work_id="33851964" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33851964/LEAU_DANS_LE_MONDE_ET_SES_IMMENSE_PROBL%C3%88MES">L'EAU DANS LE MONDE ET SES IMMENSE PROBLÈMES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L'humanité utilise actuellement 50% de l'eau douce de la planète. En 40 ans utilisera 80%. La répartition géographique de l'eau douce est inégale. À l'heure actuelle un tiers de la population mondiale vit dans des régions où il est rare.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33851964" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L'humanité utilise actuellement 50% de l'eau douce de la planète. En 40 ans utilisera 80%. La répartition géographique de l'eau douce est inégale. À l'heure actuelle un tiers de la population mondiale vit dans des régions où il est rare. L'utilisation de l'eau impropre à la consommation représente 60% des patients sur la planète. La moitié des cours d'eau du monde sont contaminés par les égout, les pesticides et les déchets industriels. Rapport de l'ONU sur l'utilisation de l'eau confirme que, sans mesures contre le gaspillage et en faveur la consommation durables, l'accès à l'eau potable et à l'assainissement sera encore plus réduit.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33851964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="345094d53b9620e7daa0279a94006104" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53832160,"asset_id":33851964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53832160/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82653" href="https://ufba.academia.edu/FernandoAlcoforado">Fernando A G Alcoforado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82653" type="text/json">{"id":82653,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Alcoforado","domain_name":"ufba","page_name":"FernandoAlcoforado","display_name":"Fernando A G Alcoforado","profile_url":"https://ufba.academia.edu/FernandoAlcoforado?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82653/22993/1034466/s65_fernando.alcoforado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33851964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33851964"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33851964, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33851964", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33851964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33851964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33851964"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33851964 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33851964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33851964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33851964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33851964").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33851964").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33851964"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33851964]'), work: {"id":33851964,"title":"L'EAU DANS LE MONDE ET SES IMMENSE PROBLÈMES","created_at":"2017-07-11T16:57:55.902-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33851964/LEAU_DANS_LE_MONDE_ET_SES_IMMENSE_PROBL%C3%88MES?f_ri=4526","dom_id":"work_33851964","summary":"L'humanité utilise actuellement 50% de l'eau douce de la planète. En 40 ans utilisera 80%. La répartition géographique de l'eau douce est inégale. À l'heure actuelle un tiers de la population mondiale vit dans des régions où il est rare. L'utilisation de l'eau impropre à la consommation représente 60% des patients sur la planète. La moitié des cours d'eau du monde sont contaminés par les égout, les pesticides et les déchets industriels. Rapport de l'ONU sur l'utilisation de l'eau confirme que, sans mesures contre le gaspillage et en faveur la consommation durables, l'accès à l'eau potable et à l'assainissement sera encore plus réduit. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53832160,"asset_id":33851964,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82653,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Alcoforado","domain_name":"ufba","page_name":"FernandoAlcoforado","display_name":"Fernando A G Alcoforado","profile_url":"https://ufba.academia.edu/FernandoAlcoforado?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82653/22993/1034466/s65_fernando.alcoforado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6491917" data-work_id="6491917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6491917/Advancing_the_identification_and_evaluation_of_distributed_rainfall_runoff_models_using_global_sensitivity_analysis">Advancing the identification and evaluation of distributed rainfall-runoff models using global sensitivity analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1] This study provides a step-wise analysis of a conceptual grid-based distributed rainfall-runoff model, the United States National Weather Service (US NWS) Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM). It... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6491917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1] This study provides a step-wise analysis of a conceptual grid-based distributed rainfall-runoff model, the United States National Weather Service (US NWS) Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM). It evaluates model parameter sensitivities for annual, monthly, and event time periods with the intent of elucidating the key parameters impacting the distributed model's forecasts. This study demonstrates a methodology that balances the computational constraints posed by global sensitivity analysis with the need to fully characterize the HL-RDHM's sensitivities. The HL-RDHM's sensitivities were assessed for annual and monthly periods using distributed forcing and identical model parameters for all grid cells at 24-hour and 1-hour model time steps respectively for two case study watersheds within the Juniata River Basin in central Pennsylvania. This study also provides detailed spatial analysis of the HL-RDHM's sensitivities for two flood events based on 1-hour model time steps selected to demonstrate how strongly the spatial heterogeneity of forcing influences the model's spatial sensitivities. Our verification analysis of the sensitivity analysis method demonstrates that the method provides robust sensitivity rankings and that these rankings could be used to significantly reduce the number of parameters that should be considered when calibrating the HL-RDHM. Overall, the sensitivity analysis results reveal that storage variation, spatial trends in forcing, and cell proximity to the gauged watershed outlet are the three primary factors that control the HL-RDHM's behavior.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6491917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="371552f5c36364167513b3e20b631e14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48844062,"asset_id":6491917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48844062/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10333615" href="https://bristol.academia.edu/ThorstenWagener">Thorsten Wagener</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10333615" type="text/json">{"id":10333615,"first_name":"Thorsten","last_name":"Wagener","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"ThorstenWagener","display_name":"Thorsten Wagener","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/ThorstenWagener?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6491917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6491917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6491917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6491917", }); 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It evaluates model parameter sensitivities for annual, monthly, and event time periods with the intent of elucidating the key parameters impacting the distributed model's forecasts. This study demonstrates a methodology that balances the computational constraints posed by global sensitivity analysis with the need to fully characterize the HL-RDHM's sensitivities. The HL-RDHM's sensitivities were assessed for annual and monthly periods using distributed forcing and identical model parameters for all grid cells at 24-hour and 1-hour model time steps respectively for two case study watersheds within the Juniata River Basin in central Pennsylvania. This study also provides detailed spatial analysis of the HL-RDHM's sensitivities for two flood events based on 1-hour model time steps selected to demonstrate how strongly the spatial heterogeneity of forcing influences the model's spatial sensitivities. Our verification analysis of the sensitivity analysis method demonstrates that the method provides robust sensitivity rankings and that these rankings could be used to significantly reduce the number of parameters that should be considered when calibrating the HL-RDHM. Overall, the sensitivity analysis results reveal that storage variation, spatial trends in forcing, and cell proximity to the gauged watershed outlet are the three primary factors that control the HL-RDHM's behavior.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48844062,"asset_id":6491917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10333615,"first_name":"Thorsten","last_name":"Wagener","domain_name":"bristol","page_name":"ThorstenWagener","display_name":"Thorsten Wagener","profile_url":"https://bristol.academia.edu/ThorstenWagener?f_ri=4526","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":20099,"name":"Sensitivity Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_Analysis?f_ri=4526"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=4526"},{"id":59054,"name":"Model Identification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Identification?f_ri=4526"},{"id":78719,"name":"Spatial Heterogeneity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Heterogeneity?f_ri=4526"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=4526"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=4526"},{"id":291498,"name":"River Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin?f_ri=4526"},{"id":470296,"name":"Global sensitivity analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_sensitivity_analysis?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1045589,"name":"IT Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_Evaluation?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1211138,"name":"Geographic Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_System?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1290740,"name":"Distributed Hydrological Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Hydrological_Model?f_ri=4526"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28041971" data-work_id="28041971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28041971/Rapid_Detection_and_Quantification_of_Lanthanide_Ions_Using_High_Speed_Polymerase_Chain_Reactions">Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28041971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28041971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="20496061438bdb9cfdc79a2e1f3fb5a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48351204/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMDMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42266429" href="https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano">Tomonori Kawano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42266429" type="text/json">{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28041971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28041971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28041971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28041971", }); 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The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=4526","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4526","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4526"},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1063,"name":"Environmental Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Education?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1420,"name":"Aquatic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1526,"name":"Sensors and Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors_and_Sensing?f_ri=4526"},{"id":1583,"name":"Industrial Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Ecology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":2867,"name":"Environmental Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4035,"name":"Marine Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Ecology?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4331,"name":"Biosensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosensors?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4526"},{"id":4526,"name":"Water 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