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<li id="toc-Typographic_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typographic_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Typographic variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typographic_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_writing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use in writing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use in writing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_in_writing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related characters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligatures_and_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligatures_and_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ligatures and abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligatures_and_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other representations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Computing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">G</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 144 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="G (літара) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="G (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="G (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="G (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(lettre)" title="G (lettre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="G (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="G үзг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="G үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="G (լատինական) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="G (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(t%C3%AEp)" title="G (tîp) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="G (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="ജി (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജി (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="ဂျီ (အက္ခရာ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျီ (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(letter)" title="G (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="G (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(buksteew)" title="G (buksteew) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="G (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="G (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="G (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(lotin)" title="G (lotin) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="G (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਜੀ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(lat%C4%B1n)" title="G (latın) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="G (latın)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(alifbeet)" title="G (alifbeet) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="G (alifbeet)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="G (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="G (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(Askkil)" title="G (Askkil) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="G (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="G (латиниця) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="G (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G" title="G – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="G" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the Cyrillic letter <a href="/wiki/%D4%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ԍ"> Komi Sje (Ԍ)</a> or the <a href="/wiki/%C9%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ɢ">Voiced uvular plosive (ɢ)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">7th letter of the Latin alphabet</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/G_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="G (disambiguation)">G (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint selfref">For <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical reasons</a>, "G#" redirects here. For the musical note, see <a href="/wiki/G%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="G♯ (musical note)">G♯ (musical note)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">G</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal">G g</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_G.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Latin_letter_G.svg/220px-Latin_letter_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Latin_letter_G.svg/330px-Latin_letter_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Latin_letter_G.svg/440px-Latin_letter_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">d͡z</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span>]</li><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+0047, U+0067, U+0261</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pictogram of a Camel"><img alt="Pictogram of a Camel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/20px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/30px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg/40px-Camelus_bactrianus-sil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="294" /></a></span> (speculated origin)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticG-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Proto-semiticG-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticG-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gimel"><img alt="Gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/20px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/30px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/40px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_03.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Greek Gamma"><img alt="Early Greek Gamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/20px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/30px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Greek_Gamma_03.svg/40px-Greek_Gamma_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Etruscan_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Early Etruscan C"><img alt="Early Etruscan C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/20px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/30px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Early_Etruscan_C.svg/40px-Early_Etruscan_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="27" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Γ γ</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%82" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌂">𐌂</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>G g</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time period</th><td class="infobox-data">~−300 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="₲">₲</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">Ȝ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%9D%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Ᵹ">Ᵹ</a></li><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/10px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/15px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/20px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ࠂ">ࠂ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">ℷ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%A1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="𐡂">𐡂</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D4%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:Գ">Գ</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:գ">գ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">(ג ﺝ ﮒ ܓ)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transliterations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated graphs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">gh</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs#G" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">g(x)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:14em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="G"><img alt="G" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg/131px-Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="131" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg/197px-Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg/262px-Latin_alphabet_Gg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic<br />Latin alphabet</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="letter-spacing: 0.1em"> <span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gg</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span><span style="width: 3em; text-align: center; display: inline-block"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Template talk:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_alphabet_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin alphabet sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>G</b>, or <b>g</b>, is the seventh <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>, used in the <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">modern English alphabet</a>, the alphabets of other western <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European languages</a>, and others worldwide. Its name in English is <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet#Letter_names" title="English alphabet"><i>gee</i></a> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>), plural <i>gees</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">lowercase</a> version can be written in two forms: the single-storey (sometimes "opentail") <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opentail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/5px-Opentail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/8px-Opentail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/10px-Opentail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> and the double-storey (sometimes "looptail") <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/6px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/9px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>. The former is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier history, see <a href="/wiki/C#History" title="C">C § History</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Egyptian </th> <th>Phoenician <br /><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">gaml</a> </th> <th>Western Greek<br /><a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Gamma</a> </th> <th>Etruscan<br />C </th> <th>Old Latin<br />C </th> <th>Latin <br />G </th></tr> <tr style="background:white; text-align:center;"> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_gimel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician gimel"><img alt="Phoenician gimel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/30px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/45px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Phoenician_gimel.svg/60px-Phoenician_gimel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Gamma"><img alt="Greek Gamma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg/55px-Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg/83px-Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg/110px-Greek_Gamma_archaic_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanC-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan C"><img alt="Etruscan C" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/30px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/45px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/EtruscanC-01.svg/60px-EtruscanC-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Latin_G.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Latin"><img alt="Old Latin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/20px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/30px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Old_Latin_G.svg/40px-Old_Latin_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin G"><img alt="Latin G" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg/29px-Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg/43px-Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg/58px-Capitalis_monumentalis_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="56" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The evolution of the Latin alphabet's G can be traced back to the Latin alphabet's predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a>. The voiced velar stop was represented by the third letter of the Greek alphabet, <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">gamma (Γ)</a>, which was later adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_language" title="Etruscan language">Etruscan language</a>. Latin then borrowed this "rounded form" of gamma, C, to represent the same sound in words such as <i>recei</i>, which was likely an early dative form of <i><a href="/wiki/Rex_(title)" title="Rex (title)">rex</a></i>, meaning "king", as found in an "early Latin inscription."<sup id="cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, however, the letter C shifted to represent the <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">unvoiced velar</a> stop, leading to the displacement of the letter K. Scholars believe that this change can be attributed to the influence of the Etruscan language on Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards, the letter 'G' was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_alphabet#Old_Latin_period" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Latin alphabet">Old Latin period</a> as a variant of '<a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>' to distinguish voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> from voiceless <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>, and G was used to represent a voiced velar from this point on and C "stood for the unvoiced velar only".<sup id="cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray-Britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The recorded originator of 'G' is <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freedman</a> <a href="/wiki/Spurius_Carvilius_Ruga" title="Spurius Carvilius Ruga">Spurius Carvilius Ruga</a>, who added letter G to the teaching of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman alphabet">Roman alphabet</a> during the 3rd century BC:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, around 230 <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a>. At this time, '<a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>' had fallen out of favor, and 'C', which had formerly represented both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> before open vowels, had come to express <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> in all environments. </p><p>Ruga's positioning of 'G' shows that <a href="/wiki/Alphabetic_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphabetic order">alphabetic order</a> related to the letters' values as <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a> was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. According to some records, the original seventh letter, 'Z', had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_censor" title="Roman censor">Roman censor</a> <a href="/wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caecus" title="Appius Claudius Caecus">Appius Claudius</a>, who found it distasteful and foreign.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sampson (1985) suggests that: "Evidently the order of the alphabet was felt to be such a concrete thing that a new letter could be added in the middle only if a 'space' was created by the dropping of an old letter."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>George Hempl proposed in 1899 that there never was such a "space" in the alphabet and that in fact 'G' was a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Zeta" title="Zeta">zeta</a>. Zeta took shapes like ⊏ in some of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic script">Old Italic scripts</a>; the development of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_square_capitals" title="Roman square capitals">monumental</a> form 'G' from this shape would be exactly parallel to the development of 'C' from <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">gamma</a>. He suggests that the pronunciation <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> > <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> was due to contamination from the also similar-looking 'K'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, both <a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">velar consonants</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> developed <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> before front vowels; consequently in today's <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> have different sound values depending on context (known as <a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_C" title="Hard and soft C">hard and soft C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G" title="Hard and soft G">hard and soft G</a>). Because of <a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a> influence, <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English language orthography</a> shares this feature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typographic_variants">Typographic variants</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LowercaseG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image shows the two forms of the letter g" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LowercaseG.svg/220px-LowercaseG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LowercaseG.svg/330px-LowercaseG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LowercaseG.svg/440px-LowercaseG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Allograph" title="Allograph">Typographic variants</a> include a double-storey and a single-storey <b>g</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern <a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a> <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">g</span> has two typographic variants: the single-storey (sometimes "opentail") <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opentail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a letter g shaped like a circle with a dangling hook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/8px-Opentail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/12px-Opentail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/16px-Opentail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="196" /></a></span> and the double-storey (sometimes "looptail") <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a letter g shaped like spectacles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>. The single-storey form derives from the majuscule (uppercase) form by raising the <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> that distinguishes it from 'c' to the top of the loop (thus closing the loop), and extending the vertical stroke downward and to the left. The double-storey form <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>)</span> had developed similarly, except that some ornate forms then extended the tail back to the right, and to the left again, forming a closed <a href="/wiki/Bowl_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowl (typography)">bowl</a> or loop. In the double-storey version, a small top stroke in the upper-right, often terminating in an orb shape, is called an "ear". The loop-tail form is the original one, as seen in 9th century <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian script">Carolingian script</a>; evolving over centuries of <a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">monastic copying</a>, the open-tail variant came to predominate and it was this that <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Guttenberg</a> adopted when creating the first <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a> typefaces –  until that in turn was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Humanist_minuscule" title="Humanist minuscule">Humanist minuscule</a>, which reasserted the closed-tail form.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally, the two forms are complementary and interchangeable; the form displayed is a <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a> selection choice. In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, the two appearances are generally treated as glyph variants with no <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semantic" class="extiw" title="wikt:semantic">semantic</a> difference. Most <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> typefaces use the looptail form (for example, <span style="font-family:"Times"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">g</span></span>) and most <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> typefaces use the opentail form (for example, <span style="font-family:Arial,"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">g</span></span>) but the <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a> in both cases is U+0067. For applications where the single-storey variant must be distinguished (such as strict <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> in a typeface where the usual g character is double-storey), the character <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0261</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ɡ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G</span> is available, as well as an upper case version, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+A7AC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">Ɡ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT G</span>. </p><p>Occasionally the difference has been exploited to provide contrast. In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, opentail <span class="nowrap">⟨<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opentail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/8px-Opentail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/12px-Opentail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Opentail_g.svg/16px-Opentail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>⟩</span> has always represented a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">voiced velar plosive</a>, while looptail <span class="nowrap">⟨<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>⟩</span> represented a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a> from 1895 to 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, the Council of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a> recognized ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɡ</span>⟩ and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>⟩</span> as typographic equivalents,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this decision was reaffirmed in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the 1949 <i>Principles of the International Phonetic Association</i> recommended the use of <span class="nowrap">⟨<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>⟩</span> for a velar plosive and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ɡ</span>⟩ for an advanced one for languages where it is preferable to distinguish the two, such as Russian,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this practice never caught on.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1999 <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>, the successor to the <i>Principles</i>, abandoned the recommendation and acknowledged both shapes as acceptable variants.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, a study found that native English speakers have little conscious awareness of the looptail form <span class="nowrap">(<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looptail_g.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/8px-Looptail_g.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/12px-Looptail_g.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Looptail_g.svg/16px-Looptail_g.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="132" data-file-height="196" /></a></span>).</span> The authors write: "Despite being questioned repeatedly, and despite being informed directly that G has two lowercase print forms, nearly half of the participants failed to reveal any knowledge of the looptail 'g', and only 1 of the 38 participants was able to write looptail 'g' correctly".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_writing_systems">Use in writing systems</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G" title="Hard and soft G">Hard and soft G</a></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> by language </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Orthography </th> <th>Phonemes </th> <th>Environment </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_phonology" title="Afrikaans phonology">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Arabic romanization</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azeri</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">Catalan</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td>/(d)ʒ/ </td> <td>Before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>) </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Danish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except word-initially </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Word-initially </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Any </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i in more recent loanwords from French </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>silent</i> </td> <td>Some words, initial <gn>, and word-finally before a consonant </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_orthography" title="Faroese orthography">Faroese</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td>soft, lenited; see <a href="/wiki/Faroese_phonology" title="Faroese phonology">Faroese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td>hard </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>soft </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td> <td>after a, æ, á, e, o, ø and before u </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span> </td> <td>after ó, u, ú and before a, i, or u </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>silent</i> </td> <td>after a, æ, á, e, o, ø and before a </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i, see <i><a href="/wiki/Gheada" title="Gheada">Gheada</a></i> for consonant variation </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, obsolete, replaced by <span class="nowrap">⟨x⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Greek romanization</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before ai, e, i, oi, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before ai, e, i, oi, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a>/</span> </td> <td>soft </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td>hard </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span> </td> <td>hard, lenited; see <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Icelandic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td>soft, lenited </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">Irish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except after i or before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td> <td>After i or before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_orthography" title="Italian orthography">Italian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malay_orthography" title="Malay orthography">Malay</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Norwegian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before ei, i, j, øy, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before ei, i, j, øy, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian orthography">Romanian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except after i or before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">kʲ</a>/</span> </td> <td>After i or before e, i </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">Swedish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before ä, e, i, ö, y </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before ä, e, i, ö, y </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Except before e, i, ö, ü </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>/</span> </td> <td>Before e, i, ö, ü </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/ ~ /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/ </td> <td>Before i </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3></div> <p>In English, the letter appears either alone or in some <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a>. Alone, it represents </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">voiced velar plosive</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> or "hard" <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>), as in <i>goose</i>, <i>gargoyle</i>, and <i>game</i>;</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced palato-alveolar affricate">voiced palato-alveolar affricate</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> or "soft" <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>), predominates before <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span>, as in <i>giant</i>, <i>ginger</i>, and <i>geology</i>; or</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant">voiced palato-alveolar sibilant</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span>) in post-medieval loanwords from French, such as <i>rouge</i>, <i>beige</i>, <i>genre</i> (often), and <i><a href="/wiki/Margarine" title="Margarine">margarine</a></i> (rarely)</li></ul> <p><span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> is predominantly soft before <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> (including the digraphs <span class="nowrap">⟨ae⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨oe⟩</span>), <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span>, or <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span>, and hard otherwise. It is hard in those derivations from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:γυνή">γυνή</a> (gynḗ)</i> meaning woman where initial-worded as such. Soft <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> is also used in many words that came into English from medieval church/academic use, French, Spanish, Italian or Portuguese – these tend to, in other ways in English, closely align to their Ancient Latin and Greek roots (such as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fragile" class="extiw" title="wikt:fragile">fragile</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a></i>). There remain widely used a few English words of non-Romance origin where <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> is hard followed by <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span> or <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span> (<i>get</i>, <i>give</i>, <i>gift</i>), and very few in which <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> is soft though followed by <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gaol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaol">gaol</a></i>, which since the 20th century is almost always written as "jail". </p><p>The double consonant <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Dg_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dg (digraph)">gg</a>⟩</span> has the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> (hard <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>) as in <i>nugget</i>, with very few exceptions: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> in <i>exaggerate</i> and <i>veggies</i> and dialectally <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡd͡ʒ/</span> in <i>suggest</i>. </p><p>The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Dg_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dg (digraph)">dg</a>⟩</span> has the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> (soft <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>), as in <i>badger</i>. Non-digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨dg⟩</span> can also occur, in compounds like <i>floodgate</i> and <i>headgear</i>. </p><p>The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Ng_(digraph)#N" class="mw-redirect" title="Ng (digraph)">ng</a>⟩</span> may represent: </p> <ul><li>a <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) as in <i>length</i>, <i>singer</i></li> <li>the latter followed by hard <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋɡ/</span>) as in <i>jungle</i>, <i>finger</i>, <i>longest</i></li></ul> <p>Non-digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> also occurs, with possible values </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/nɡ/</span> as in <i>engulf</i>, <i>ungainly</i></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/nd͡ʒ/</span> as in <i>sponge</i>, <i>angel</i></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/nʒ/</span> as in <i>melange</i></li></ul> <p>The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">gh</a>⟩</span> (in many cases a replacement for the obsolete letter <a href="/wiki/Yogh" title="Yogh">yogh</a>, which took various values including <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>) may represent: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> as in <i>ghost</i>, <i>aghast</i>, <i>burgher</i>, <i>spaghetti</i></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> as in <i>cough</i>, <i>laugh</i>, <i>roughage</i></li> <li>∅ (no sound) as in <i>through</i>, <i>neighbor</i>, <i>night</i></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> in <i>ugh</i></li> <li>(rarely) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> in <i>hiccough</i></li> <li>(rarely) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> in <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/s%27ghetti" class="extiw" title="wikt:s'ghetti">s'ghetti</a></i></li></ul> <p>Non-digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨gh⟩</span> also occurs, in compounds like <i>foghorn</i>, <i>pigheaded</i>. </p><p>The digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Dg_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dg (digraph)">gn</a>⟩</span> may represent: </p> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> as in <i>gnostic</i>, <i>deign</i>, <i>foreigner</i>, <i>signage</i></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/nj/</span> in loanwords like <i>champignon</i>, <i>lasagna</i></li></ul> <p>Non-digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨gn⟩</span> also occurs, as in <i>signature</i>, <i>agnostic</i>. </p><p>The trigraph <span class="nowrap">⟨ngh⟩</span> has the value <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> as in <i>gingham</i> or <i>dinghy</i>. Non-trigraph <span class="nowrap">⟨ngh⟩</span> also occurs, in compounds like <i>stronghold</i> and <i>dunghill</i>. </p><p>G is the <a href="/wiki/Letter_frequency" title="Letter frequency">tenth least frequently used letter</a> in the English language (after <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>, <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>), with a frequency of about 2.02% in words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h3></div> <p>Most <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Nordic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic languages">Nordic languages</a> also have two main pronunciations for <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span>, hard and soft. While the soft value of <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> varies in different Romance languages (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(d)ʒ]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> in most dialects of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>), in all except Romanian and Italian, soft <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> has the same pronunciation as the <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span>. </p><p>In Italian and Romanian, <span class="nowrap">⟨gh⟩</span> is used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> before front vowels where <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> would otherwise represent a soft value. In Italian and French, <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Gn_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gn (digraph)">gn</a>⟩</span> is used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">palatal nasal</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲ/</span>, a sound somewhat similar to the <span class="nowrap">⟨ny⟩</span> in English <i>canyon</i>. In Italian, the <a href="/wiki/Trigraph_(orthography)" title="Trigraph (orthography)">trigraph</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨gli⟩</span>, when appearing before a vowel or as the article and pronoun <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gli" class="extiw" title="wikt:gli">gli</a></i>, represents the <a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral approximant">palatal lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ/</span>. Other languages typically use <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, regardless of position. </p><p>Amongst European languages, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> are exceptions, as they do not have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> in their native words. In <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> represents a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">voiced velar fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɣ/</span> instead, a sound that does not occur in modern English, but there is a dialectal variation: many Netherlandic dialects use a voiceless fricative (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ]</span>) instead, and in southern dialects it may be palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʝ]</span>. Nevertheless, word-finally, it is always voiceless in all dialects, including the standard Dutch of Belgium and the Netherlands. On the other hand, some dialects (like <a href="/wiki/Amelands" title="Amelands">Amelands</a>) may have a phonemic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> uses <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dʒ/</span>, in addition to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, and also uses it to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">glide</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> is used in the digraph <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> which represents the <a href="/wiki/Velar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar nasal">velar nasal</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> and is pronounced like the <span class="nowrap">⟨ng⟩</span> in <i>singer</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> languages use the letter <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> by itself for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>. </p><p>In older <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> orthographies, <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> was used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>, while <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> was written as <span class="nowrap">⟨ǧ⟩</span> (<span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> with <a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">caron</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> Latin alphabet uses <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> exclusively for the "soft" sound, namely <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɟ/</span>. The sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> is written as <span class="nowrap">⟨q⟩</span>. This leads to unusual spellings of loanwords: <i>qram</i> 'gram', <i>qrup</i> 'group', <i>qaraj</i> 'garage', <i>qallium</i> 'gallium'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_systems">Other systems</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ɡ⟩</span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">voiced velar plosive</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨ɢ⟩</span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">voiced uvular plosive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/G_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="G (disambiguation)">G (disambiguation)</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_prefix" title="Unit prefix">Unit prefix</a> G, meaning 1,000,000,000 times.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"><span id="Ancestors.2C_descendants_and_siblings"></span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</h3></div> <ul><li>𐤂 : <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Semitic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel">Gimel</a>, from which the following symbols originally derive</li> <li>C c : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a>, from which G derives</li> <li><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Γ γ</span></span> : <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Gamma" title="Gamma">Gamma</a>, from which C derives in turn</li> <li>ɡ : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɡ">script small G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶢ">ᶢ</a> : Modifier letter small script g is used for phonetic transcription<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>𝼁 : Latin small letter reversed script g, an <a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">extension to IPA</a> for disordered speech (extIPA)<sup id="cite_ref-L220116_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220116-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L221021_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L221021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ᵷ : <a href="/wiki/Turned_g" title="Turned g">Turned g</a></li> <li>𝼂 : Latin letter small capital turned g, an <a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">extension to IPA</a> for disordered speech (extIPA)<sup id="cite_ref-L220116_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220116-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L221021_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L221021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Г г : <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">Ge</a></li> <li>Ȝ ȝ : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/%C8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ȝ">Yogh</a></li> <li>Ɣ ɣ : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Latin_gamma" title="Latin gamma">Gamma</a></li> <li>Ᵹ ᵹ : <a href="/wiki/Insular_g" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular g">Insular g</a></li> <li>ᫌ : Combining insular g, used in the <a href="/wiki/Ormulum" title="Ormulum">Ormulum</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220268_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220268-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ꝿ ꝿ : Turned insular g</li> <li>Ꟑ ꟑ : Closed insular g, used in the <a href="/wiki/Ormulum" title="Ormulum">Ormulum</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220268_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220268-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ɢ : Latin letter small capital G, used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced uvular stop">voiced uvular stop</a></li> <li>𐞒 : Modifier letter small capital G, used as a <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">superscript IPA letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ʛ : Latin letter small capital G with hook, used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">voiced uvular implosive</a></li> <li>𐞔 : Modifier letter small capital G with hook, used as a <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">superscript IPA letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>𐞓 : Modifier letter small g with hook, used as a <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Superscript_IPA" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">superscript IPA letter</a><sup id="cite_ref-L220252_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L220252-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ᴳ ᵍ: Modifier letters are used in the <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꬶ : Used for the <a href="/wiki/Teuthonista" title="Teuthonista">Teuthonista</a> phonetic transcription system<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>G with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">Ǵ ǵ</a> <a href="/wiki/G_with_stroke" title="G with stroke">Ǥ ǥ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">Ĝ ĝ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧ ǧ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ">Ğ ğ</a> <a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">Ģ ģ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">Ɠ ɠ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">Ġ ġ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">Ḡ ḡ</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%A0" title="Ꞡ">Ꞡ ꞡ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶃ">ᶃ</a></li> <li>ց : Armenian alphabet <a href="/wiki/Co_(Armenian_letter)" title="Co (Armenian letter)">Tso</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligatures_and_abbreviations">Ligatures and abbreviations</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">₲</span> - <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_guaran%C3%AD" title="Paraguayan guaraní">Paraguayan guaraní</a></li> <li><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">㎏</span> - the <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> symbol as a single character in the <a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility" title="CJK Compatibility">CJK Compatibility</a> block</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h3></div> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">G</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">g</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ɡ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ɡ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ｇ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ｇ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER G </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT G </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER G </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>71</td> <td>U+0047</td> <td>103</td> <td>U+0067</td> <td>42924</td> <td>U+A7AC</td> <td>609</td> <td>U+0261</td> <td>65319</td> <td>U+FF27</td> <td>65351</td> <td>U+FF47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>71</td> <td>47</td> <td>103</td> <td>67</td> <td>234 158 172</td> <td>EA 9E AC</td> <td>201 161</td> <td>C9 A1</td> <td>239 188 167</td> <td>EF BC A7</td> <td>239 189 135</td> <td>EF BD 87 </td></tr> <tr class="template-charmap-numchr"> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#71;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x47;<wbr /></td> <td>&#103;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x67;<wbr /></td> <td>&#42924;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xA7AC;<wbr /></td> <td>&#609;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x261;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65319;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF27;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65351;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF47;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>199</td> <td>C7</td> <td>135</td> <td>87</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>71</td> <td>47</td> <td>103</td> <td>67</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <div style="width: 500px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_spelling_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO spelling alphabet">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Golf<br /><i style="font-size:75%"></i> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion nounderlines"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/72\/G_morse_code.ogg\/G_morse_code.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#160;&#160;&#9604;&#9604;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#9604;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#160;<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"G morse code.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/G_morse_code.ogg/G_morse_code.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;">  ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ </span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:G_morse_code.ogg" title="File:G morse code.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Golf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/75px-ICS_Golf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/113px-ICS_Golf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/ICS_Golf.svg/150px-ICS_Golf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Golf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/90px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/135px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Semaphore_Golf.svg/180px-Semaphore_Golf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_language_G.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sign_language_G.svg/90px-Sign_language_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sign_language_G.svg/135px-Sign_language_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sign_language_G.svg/180px-Sign_language_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="261" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSL_letter_G.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSL_letter_G.svg/90px-BSL_letter_G.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSL_letter_G.svg/135px-BSL_letter_G.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSL_letter_G.svg/180px-BSL_letter_G.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠛"><img alt="⠛" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/77px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/116px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/154px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/British_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="British manual alphabet">British manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Braille_pattern_dots-1245" title="Braille pattern dots-1245">Braille dots-1245</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_G" title="Carolingian G">Carolingian G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_G" title="Hard and soft G">Hard and soft G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics#Gg" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Latin letters used in mathematics § Gg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i>. 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray-Britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ray-Britannica_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRayGaur2022" class="citation web cs1">Ray, Michael; Gaur, Aakanksha (2022-04-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/G-letter">"G"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2022-04-27&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Gaur%2C+Aakanksha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FG-letter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGnanadesikan2011" class="citation book cs1">Gnanadesikan, Amalia E. (2011-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nlEPhP900-UC&q=Boustrophedon"><i>The Writing Revolution: Cuneiform to the Internet</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444359855" title="Special:BookSources/9781444359855"><bdi>9781444359855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Writing+Revolution%3A+Cuneiform+to+the+Internet&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft.isbn=9781444359855&rft.aulast=Gnanadesikan&rft.aufirst=Amalia+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnlEPhP900-UC%26q%3DBoustrophedon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/miscellanea/zed.html">Encyclopaedia Romana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonSigurðssonMálstöð" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Sigurðsson, Baldur; Málstöð, Íslensk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924083021/http://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html">"Sorting the letter ÞORN"</a>. <i>Evertype</i>. ISO CEN/TC304. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evertype.com/standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html">the original</a> on 2018-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evertype&rft.atitle=Sorting+the+letter+%C3%9EORN&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Sigur%C3%B0sson%2C+Baldur&rft.au=M%C3%A1lst%C3%B6%C3%B0%2C+%C3%8Dslensk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evertype.com%2Fstandards%2Fwynnyogh%2Fthorn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHempl1899" class="citation journal cs1">Hempl, George (1899). "The Origin of the Latin Letters G and Z". <i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_and_Proceedings_of_the_American_Philological_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association">Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association</a></i>. <b>30</b>. <a href="/wiki/The_Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Johns Hopkins University Press">The Johns Hopkins University Press</a>: 24–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F282560">10.2307/282560</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/282560">282560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+American+Philological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+the+Latin+Letters+G+and+Z&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=24-41&rft.date=1899&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F282560&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F282560%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hempl&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhang2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Zhang, Sarah (April 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/04/lowercase-g/557504/">"The 'g' in Google's Old Logo Is Really Weird: a tale of two "g"s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+%27g%27+in+Google%E2%80%99s+Old+Logo+Is+Really+Weird%3A+a+tale+of+two+%22g%22s&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2018%2F04%2Flowercase-g%2F557504%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation_phonétique_internationale1895" class="citation journal cs1">Association phonétique internationale (January 1895). 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"desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl" [Décisions officielles]. <i>Le Maître Phonétique</i>. 26 (63) (90): 28–30. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44705217">44705217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Ma%C3%AEtre+Phon%C3%A9tique&rft.atitle=desizj%C9%94%CC%83+ofisj%C9%9Bl&rft.volume=26+%2863%29&rft.issue=90&rft.pages=28-30&rft.date=1948-07%2F1948-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44705217%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1993" class="citation journal cs1">International Phonetic Association (1993). "Council actions on revisions of the IPA". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association">Journal of the International Phonetic Association</a></i>. <b>23</b> (1): 32–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002510030000476X">10.1017/S002510030000476X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249420050">249420050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Council+actions+on+revisions+of+the+IPA&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=32-34&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002510030000476X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249420050%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1949" class="citation book cs1">International Phonetic Association (1949). <i>The Principles of the International Phonetic Association</i>. Department of Phonetics, <a href="/wiki/University_College,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, London">University College, London</a>. Supplement to <i>Le Maître Phonétique</i> 91, January–June 1949. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40200179">i40200179</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Principles+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=Supplement+to+%27%27Le+Ma%C3%AEtre+Phon%C3%A9tique%27%27+91%2C+January-June+1949&rft.pub=Department+of+Phonetics%2C+University+College%2C+London&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fi40200179%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Reprinted in <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i> 40 (3), December 2010, pp. 299–358, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100311000089">10.1017/S0025100311000089</a>.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2006" class="citation web cs1">Wells, John C. (6 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog0611a.htm">"Scenes from IPA history"</a>. <i>John Wells's phonetic blog</i>. Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613022900/http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog0611a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+Wells%27s+phonetic+blog&rft.atitle=Scenes+from+IPA+history&rft.date=2006-11-06&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fblog0611a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1999" class="citation book cs1">International Phonetic Association (1999). <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-63751-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-63751-1"><bdi>0-521-63751-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-63751-1&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWongWadeeEllenblumMcCloskey2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wong, Kimberly; Wadee, Frempongma; Ellenblum, Gali; McCloskey, Michael (2 April 2018). "The Devil's in the g-tails: Deficient letter-shape knowledge and awareness despite massive visual experience". <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</i>. <b>44</b> (9): 1324–1335. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fxhp0000532">10.1037/xhp0000532</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29608074">29608074</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4571477">4571477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Human+Perception+and+Performance&rft.atitle=The+Devil%27s+in+the+g-tails%3A+Deficient+letter-shape+knowledge+and+awareness+despite+massive+visual+experience.&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1324-1335&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4571477%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29608074&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fxhp0000532&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.au=Wadee%2C+Frempongma&rft.au=Ellenblum%2C+Gali&rft.au=McCloskey%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2018" class="citation web cs1">Dean, Signe (4 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/lowercase-g-two-print-forms-looptail-opentail-writing-reading-comprehension">"Most People Don't Know What Lowercase 'G' Looks Like And We're Not Even Kidding"</a>. <i>Science Alert</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073304/https://www.sciencealert.com/lowercase-g-two-print-forms-looptail-opentail-writing-reading-comprehension">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Alert&rft.atitle=Most+People+Don%27t+Know+What+Lowercase+%27G%27+Looks+Like+And+We%27re+Not+Even+Kidding&rft.date=2018-04-04&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Signe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencealert.com%2Flowercase-g-two-print-forms-looptail-opentail-writing-reading-comprehension&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L204132-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L204132_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2004" class="citation web cs1">Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">"L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014355/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-132+Proposal+to+add+additional+phonetic+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220116-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L220116_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220116_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerBall2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf">"L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024034839/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-10-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-116R%3A+Expansion+of+the+extIPA+and+VoQS&rft.date=2020-07-11&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ball%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20116r-ext-ipa-voqs-expansion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L221021-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L221021_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L221021_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf">"L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108092102/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F21-021%3A+Reference+doc+numbers+for+L2%2F20-266R+%22Consolidated+code+chart+of+proposed+phonetic+characters%22+and+IPA+etc.+code+point+and+name+changes&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2021%2F21021-consolidated-ipa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220268-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L220268_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220268_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonWest2020" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; West, Andrew (2020-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20268-n5145-ormulum.pdf">"L2/20-268: Revised proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024033958/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20268-n5145-ormulum.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-10-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-268%3A+Revised+proposal+to+add+ten+characters+for+Middle+English+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=West%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20268-n5145-ormulum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L220252-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L220252_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerAshby2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">"L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730010133/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-07-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-252R%3A+Unicode+request+for+IPA+modifier-letters+%28a%29%2C+pulmonic&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; et al. (2002-03-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">"L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonDicklbergerPentzlinWandl-Vogt2011" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf">"L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011012426/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F11-202%3A+Revised+proposal+to+encode+%22Teuthonista%22+phonetic+characters+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Dicklberger%2C+Alois&rft.au=Pentzlin%2C+Karl&rft.au=Wandl-Vogt%2C+Eveline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/G" class="extiw" title="commons:G">G</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/G" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:G"><i>G</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/g" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:g"><i>g</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2319181">Lewis and Short <i>Latin Dictionary</i>: G</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letter G with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%B4" title="Ǵ">Ǵǵ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ">Ğğ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9C" title="Ĝ">Ĝĝ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧǧ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">Ġġ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G%CC%83" title="G̃">G̃g̃</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%A2" title="Ģ">Ģģ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḡ">Ḡḡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G_with_stroke" title="G with stroke">Ǥǥ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%9E%A0" title="Ꞡ">Ꞡꞡ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ɠ">Ɠɠ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/G%CA%BB" title="Gʻ">Gʻgʻ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶃ">ᶃ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AC%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ꬶ">ꬶ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/Turned_g" title="Turned g">⅁ᵷ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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