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id="masthead" role="banner"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation navbar-fixed-top navbar-left" role="navigation">  <div class="container" id="navigation_menu"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/">MORPH</a> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="cc_spacer"></div> <div class="site-header"> <div class="site-branding"> <a class="home-link" href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/" title="MORPH" rel="home"> <h1 class="site-title">MORPH</h1> <h2 class="site-description">A blog about languages and how they change</h2> </a> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <header class="archive-page-header"> <h3 class="archive-page-title">Browsed by<br>Month: <span>March 2019</span></h3> </header> <div id="primary" class="col-md-9 content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-654" class="post-content post-654 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-borrowing category-english category-french category-historical-linguistics category-phonology category-speaker-variation"> <header class="entry-header"> <span class="screen-reader-text">How to break an impasse</span> <h2 class="entry-title"> <a href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/index.php/2019/03/20/how-to-break-an-impasse/" rel="bookmark">How to break an impasse</a> </h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <h5 class="entry-date"><i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> <a href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/index.php/2019/03/20/how-to-break-an-impasse/" title="5:15 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2019-03-20T17:15:16+00:00" pubdate>March 20, 2019 </time></a><span class="byline"><span class="sep"></span><i class="fa fa-user"></i> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/index.php/author/olly/" title="View all posts by Oliver Bond" rel="author">Oliver Bond</a></span></span> <i class="fa fa-comments-o"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Comments </span> <a href="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/index.php/2019/03/20/how-to-break-an-impasse/#respond" class="comments-link" >0 Comment</a></h5> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Have Brexit negotiations met an <em>impasse</em> (where the first vowel sounds like the vowel in ‘him’), or an <em>impasse</em> where the vowel is like the initial sound in the French word <em>bain</em> /bɛ̃/? Or is it something in between?</p> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-665 alignleft" src="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit-280x300.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="300" srcset="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit-280x300.jpg 280w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit-768x823.jpg 768w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit-955x1024.jpg 955w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit-252x270.jpg 252w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/brexit.jpg 1082w" sizes="(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px" /></p> <p>If it is the former, congratulations! This borrowing from French has been successfully integrated into your native phonology, whilst simultaneously making a nod to its orthography.</p> <p>If you opt to French-it-up then you have recognised that this word is not an Anglo-Saxon one, and that it should be flagged as such by keeping the pronunciation classic. Or you are French.</p> <p>If you are somewhere between these two extremes, you are in good company. This highly topical word has no less than 12 British variants listed in the OED, reflecting various solutions to integrating the nasalized French vowel /ɛ̃/ and stress pattern into English:</p> <p><a href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/92128"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-664 aligncenter" src="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/impasse-1-300x97.jpg" alt="" width="575" height="186" srcset="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/impasse-1-300x97.jpg 300w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/impasse-1-768x247.jpg 768w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/impasse-1-604x194.jpg 604w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/impasse-1.jpg 951w" sizes="(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px" /></a>Choosing which pronunciation to use for <em>impasse</em> is both a linguistic and social minefield, with every utterance revealing something about your education and social networks. No pressure then.</p> <p>Recent news reports are providing a very rich corpus of data on the pronunciation of this specific word, with many variants being used within the same news report by different speakers, and perhaps even the same speaker.</p> <p>For those yet to commit, choosing which to pick may be bewildering. So how do we avoid this impasse? Perhaps unsurprisingly, one tactic speakers use is to avoid using a word they aren’t confident pronouncing altogether. It might be safer to stick to<em> deadlock</em>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/BBCPolitics/videos/laura-kuenssberg-shows-off-her-language-sklills-on-this-weeks-brexitcast-podcast/1540136839409624/"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-658 size-medium alignleft" src="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kuensberg-300x295.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="295" srcset="https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kuensberg-300x295.jpg 300w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kuensberg-768x755.jpg 768w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kuensberg-275x270.jpg 275w, https://morph.surrey.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/kuensberg.jpg 956w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></p> <p>Watch BBC Political Editor Laura Kuenssberg translate <em>deadlock</em> into German, Spanish and French.</p> <p><span style="font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;">Ultimately, our cousins across the pond may have some influence in resolving this issue in the long term. The OED lists only two variants for U.S. English, with variation based on stress, not vowel quality, and U.S. variants of words (e.g. <em>schedule</em>, U.S. /skɛdjuːl/ vs U.K. /ˈʃedʒ.uːl/) are widely adopted in the speech of the UK public. But this will not necessar</span>ily be the case and the multiple UK variants may continue for some time.</p> <p>The impasse goes to show that languages tend to tolerate a whole lot of diversity, even when the world of politics doesn’t.</p> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <div id="secondary" class="col-md-3 sidebar widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="mc4wp_form_widget-2" class="widget widget_mc4wp_form_widget"><h4 class="widget-title">Follow Morph</h4><script>(function() { window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { listeners: [], forms: { on: function(evt, cb) { window.mc4wp.listeners.push( { event : evt, callback: cb } ); } } } })(); </script><form id="mc4wp-form-1" class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-123" method="post" data-id="123" data-name="Follow Morph" ><div class="mc4wp-form-fields"><p> Receive notification of new posts by email. </p><p> <label>Email address: </label> <input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Your email address" required /> 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<option class="level-1" value="73">   Old French  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="43">   Old Norse  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="128">   Ososo  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="66">   Paamese  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="161">   Persian  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="92">   Polish  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="37">   Portuguese  (3)</option> <option class="level-1" value="139">   Raga  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="146">   Raljaja  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="145">   Raljako  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="110">   Russian  (3)</option> <option class="level-1" value="133">   Russian Sign Language  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="136">   Sa  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="140">   Sang  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="164">   Sanskrit  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="167">   Serbian  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="137">   Ske  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="9">   Slovenian  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="108">   Soq  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="44">   Swedish  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="158">   Sylheti  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="54">   Tamil  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="104">   Turkish  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="130">   U  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="129">   Utu  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="147">   Vatlongos  (2)</option> <option class="level-1" value="154">   Welsh  (3)</option> <option class="level-1" value="85">   Wipi  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="159">   Yimas  (1)</option> <option class="level-1" value="131">   Yoy  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="173">lexicalisation  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="111">Lexicography  (2)</option> <option class="level-0" value="75">lexicon  (13)</option> <option class="level-0" value="81">linguistic reconstruction  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="38">metathesis  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="2">morphology  (17)</option> <option class="level-0" value="3">number  (2)</option> <option class="level-0" value="68">Oceanic languages  (7)</option> <option class="level-0" value="63">Optimal categorisation  (5)</option> <option class="level-0" value="118">palindrome  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="155">Personification  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="59">phonology  (5)</option> <option class="level-0" value="70">possession  (5)</option> <option class="level-0" value="22">Prescriptivism  (6)</option> <option class="level-0" value="93">Psycholinguistics  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="77">reanalysis  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="102">scripts  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="83">Semantics  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="115">Sign languages  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="106">sociolinguistics  (3)</option> <option class="level-0" value="24">sound change  (7)</option> <option class="level-0" value="34">Spanish  (2)</option> <option class="level-0" value="87">speaker variation  (5)</option> <option class="level-0" value="20">syntax  (4)</option> <option class="level-0" value="5">typology  (7)</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized  (8)</option> <option class="level-0" value="172">vernacular literacy materials  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="117">Visual modality  (1)</option> <option class="level-0" value="103">writing systems  (2)</option> </select> </form><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { dropdown.parentNode.submit(); } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </aside><aside id="search-2" 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