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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soviet economic plan</div> <p>The <b>Ninth Five-Year Plan</b> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Union of Soviet Socialist Republics</a> (USSR) was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the country's economy between 1971 and 1975. There was a marked slowdown in nearly all sectors of the Soviet economy by the time it ended.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was presented by the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)">Council of Ministers</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th Congress</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (CPSU) in 1971. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_24th_Congress_and_development">The 24th Congress and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The 24th Congress and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>The Ninth Five-Year Plan was presented to the <a href="/wiki/24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th Congress</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (CPSU) in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)">Council of Ministers</a>. The plan's main focus was to increase the growth of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_goods_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Consumer goods in the Soviet Union">industrial produced consumer goods</a>. It was the first <a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Five-year plans of the Soviet Union">five-year plan</a> to call for a higher increase for industrial consumer goods than in <a href="/wiki/Capital_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital goods">capital goods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brezhnev told the Congress that increasing the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a> was more important than economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan proposed an increase in <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">gross national income</a> (GNP) by 37 to 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fulfillment">Fulfillment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fulfillment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The goals set by the 24th Party Congress were not fulfilled, and for the first time, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet economy">Soviet economy</a> was facing <a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">stagnating growth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the planned target in consumer goods was higher than in previous plans, the actual growth was far from that planned. Historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Service_(historian)" title="Robert Service (historian)">Robert Service</a> notes in his book <i>History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century</i> that the <a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ministries of the Soviet Union">economic ministries</a>, in collaboration with the Soviet party-police-<a href="/wiki/Military-industrial_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Military-industrial complex">military-industrial complex</a>, purposely prevented the targets from being fulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the plan, investment in the truck industry increased, but the inefficiencies and relative backwardness of blueprints and technology innovation, as noted by Kosygin, were not solved.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period covered by the plan, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet agriculture">Soviet agriculture</a> was hit by chronic drought and bad weather, which led grain production to be 70 million tons short of the planned target.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan called for the capacity of the <a href="/wiki/Coal_preparation_plant" title="Coal preparation plant">Coal Handling and Preparation Plants</a> (CHPP) to increase from 47,000 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">Megawatt</a> (MW) to 65,000 by 1975; CHPP capacity only reached 59,800 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, there was a marked slowdown in nearly all sectors of the Soviet economy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not everything was a failure, as investment in computer technology increased by 420 percent over the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Five-Year_Plan_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)">previous plan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a> that 200,000 workers were involved in improving and introducing modern computer technology in the country. These computer technicians were developing the Automated System for Management (ASU) in an attempt to improve factory and labour productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Average <a href="/wiki/Real_income" title="Real income">real income</a> increased by 4.5 percent per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="First five-year plan (Soviet Union)">First Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Five-Year_Plan_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)">Tenth Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Five-Year_Plan_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleventh Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)">Eleventh Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNuti,_Leopoldi2009" class="citation book cs1">Nuti, Leopoldi (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C"><i>The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985</i></a>. London; New York: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46051-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46051-4"><bdi>978-0-415-46051-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+D%C3%A9tente+in+Europe%3A+From+Helsinki+to+Gorbachev%2C+1975%E2%80%931985&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46051-4&rft.au=Nuti%2C+Leopoldi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_duBOYfkWd0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston,_MichaelHeidenheimer,_Arnold_J.1989" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Michael; Heidenheimer, Arnold J. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fiVeX-lICtcC"><i>Political Corruption: A Handbook</i></a>. New Brunswick, N.J: <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. p. 457. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-163-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-163-4"><bdi>0-88738-163-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Corruption%3A+A+Handbook&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+N.J&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88738-163-4&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Michael&rft.au=Heidenheimer%2C+Arnold+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfiVeX-lICtcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver,_Michael_JHoward_Aldcroft,_Derek2007" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Michael J; Howard Aldcroft, Derek (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FuRrzTp0fWoC"><i>Economic Disasters of the Twentieth Century</i></a>. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84064-589-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84064-589-7"><bdi>978-1-84064-589-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Disasters+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK%3B+Northampton%2C+MA&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84064-589-7&rft.au=Oliver%2C+Michael+J&rft.au=Howard+Aldcroft%2C+Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFuRrzTp0fWoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._Wesson,_Robert1978" class="citation book cs1">G. Wesson, Robert (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppA1WjqExRwC"><i>Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU</i></a>. Stanford, CA: <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover Press">Hoover Press</a>. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8179-6922-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8179-6922-5"><bdi>0-8179-6922-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenin%27s+Legacy%3A+The+Story+of+the+CPSU&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-8179-6922-5&rft.au=G.+Wesson%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppA1WjqExRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarthoff,_Raymond_L.1994" class="citation book cs1">Garthoff, Raymond L. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mGG-x_tuNUcC"><i>Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan</i></a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookings Institution Press">Brookings Institution Press</a>. p. 613. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8157-3041-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8157-3041-1"><bdi>0-8157-3041-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9tente+and+Confrontation%3A+American-Soviet+Relations+from+Nixon+to+Reagan&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8157-3041-1&rft.au=Garthoff%2C+Raymond+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmGG-x_tuNUcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService,_Robert2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Service_(historian)" title="Robert Service (historian)">Service, Robert</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o8Z1QAAACAAJ"><i>History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Books Ltd">Penguin Books Ltd</a>. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-103797-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-103797-4"><bdi>978-0-14-103797-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Modern+Russia%3A+From+Tsarism+to+the+Twenty-first+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-14-103797-4&rft.au=Service%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do8Z1QAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrott,_Bruce1985" class="citation book cs1">Parrott, Bruce (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_MMSoIbbnzcC"><i>Trade, Technology, and Soviet-American Relations</i></a>. Bloomington: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-36025-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-36025-0"><bdi>0-253-36025-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Technology%2C+and+Soviet-American+Relations&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-253-36025-0&rft.au=Parrott%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_MMSoIbbnzcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurroughs,_William_James1997" class="citation book cs1">Burroughs, William James (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C"><i>Does the Weather Really Matter?: The Social Implications of Climate Change</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56126-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56126-4"><bdi>0-521-56126-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Does+the+Weather+Really+Matter%3F%3A+The+Social+Implications+of+Climate+Change&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-56126-4&rft.au=Burroughs%2C+William+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_duBOYfkWd0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson,_David1983" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, David (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1qgOAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union</i></a>. London : Croom Helm: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7099-2704-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7099-2704-5"><bdi>0-7099-2704-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Demand+for+Energy+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=London+%3A+Croom+Helm&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7099-2704-5&rft.au=Wilson%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1qgOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuti,_Leopoldi2009" class="citation book cs1">Nuti, Leopoldi (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_duBOYfkWd0C"><i>The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985</i></a>. London; New York: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46051-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46051-4"><bdi>978-0-415-46051-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+D%C3%A9tente+in+Europe%3A+From+Helsinki+to+Gorbachev%2C+1975%E2%80%931985&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46051-4&rft.au=Nuti%2C+Leopoldi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_duBOYfkWd0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeissinger,_Mark_R.1988" class="citation book cs1">Beissinger, Mark R. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T3k9ednYVbwC"><i>Scientific Management, Socialist Discipline, and Soviet Power</i></a>. Cambridege, Mass: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-79490-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-79490-7"><bdi>0-674-79490-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Management%2C+Socialist+Discipline%2C+and+Soviet+Power&rft.place=Cambridege%2C+Mass&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-674-79490-7&rft.au=Beissinger%2C+Mark+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT3k9ednYVbwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane,_Bruce_J.1982" class="citation book cs1">McFarlane, Bruce J. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq8OAAAAQAAJ"><i>Radical Economics</i></a>. London; Croom Helm: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7099-1733-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7099-1733-3"><bdi>0-7099-1733-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Economics&rft.place=London%3B+Croom+Helm&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-7099-1733-3&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+Bruce+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTq8OAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHainsworth,_Frank1978" class="citation book cs1">Hainsworth, Frank (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mU9AAAAIAAJ"><i>Economics, What Went Wrong? An Introduction to Political Economy</i></a>. Vol. 1. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-454-00092-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-454-00092-8"><bdi>0-454-00092-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economics%2C+What+Went+Wrong%3F+An+Introduction+to+Political+Economy&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-454-00092-8&rft.au=Hainsworth%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0mU9AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANinth+five-year+plan+%28Soviet+Union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Five-Year_Plan_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)">8th Plan</a><br />1968 – 1971</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 9th Five-Year Plan </b><br />1971–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Five-Year_Plan_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth Five-Year Plan (Soviet Union)">10th Plan</a><br />1975 – 1980</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Era_of_Stagnation718" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Stagnation_Era" title="Template:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stagnation_Era" title="Template talk:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stagnation_Era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Era_of_Stagnation718" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1964%E2%80%931982)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)">Events (1964–1982)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collective leadership in the Soviet Union">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Red_Square_demonstration" title="1968 Red Square demonstration">1968 Red Square demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Summit_Meeting_on_Arms_Control" title="Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control">Vladivostok Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Moscow_bombings" title="1977 Moscow bombings">1977 Moscow bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977 Soviet constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Georgian_demonstrations" title="1978 Georgian demonstrations">1978 Georgian demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Zapad-81" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise Zapad-81">Exercise Zapad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev">Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev">Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)">Events (1982–1985)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RYAN" class="mw-redirect" title="RYAN">RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alarm_incident" title="1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident">1983 false nuclear alarm incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cotton_scandal" title="Uzbek cotton scandal">Uzbek cotton scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Games" title="Friendship Games">Friendship Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politburo members<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th</a></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chebrikov" title="Viktor Chebrikov">Chebrikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Chernenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dolgikh" title="Vladimir Dolgikh">Dolgikh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Efremov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Efremov (page does not exist)">Efremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grechko" title="Andrei Grechko">Grechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Gromyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Kiselyov" title="Tikhon Kiselyov">Kiselyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinmukhamed_Kunaev" title="Dinmukhamed Kunaev">Kunaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Kulakov" title="Fyodor Kulakov">Kulakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Pelše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Ponomarev" title="Boris Ponomarev">Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Romanov" title="Grigory Romanov">Romanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Shelepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Shevardnadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Shvernik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Shvernik">Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Solomentsev" title="Mikhail Solomentsev">Solomentsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov" title="Nikolai Tikhonov">Tikhonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitriy_Ustinov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitriy Ustinov">Ustinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Vorotnikov" title="Vitaly Vorotnikov">Vorotnikov</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">Troika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny">Podgorny</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governments_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governments of the Soviet Union">Governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_First_Government" title="Kosygin's First Government">Kosygin's 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Second_Government" title="Kosygin's Second Government">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Third_Government" title="Kosygin's Third Government">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Fourth_Government" title="Kosygin's Fourth Government">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Fifth_Government" title="Kosygin's Fifth Government">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhonov%27s_First_Government" title="Tikhonov's First Government">Tikhonov's 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhonov%27s_Second_Government" title="Tikhonov's Second Government">2nd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1965 Soviet economic reform">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1973 Soviet economic reform">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1979 Soviet economic reform">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Programme" title="Food Programme">Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_Soviet_economic_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 Soviet economic reform (page does not exist)">1984</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_for_the_national_economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union">Five-year plans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Eighth five-year plan (Soviet Union)">8th plan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9th plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Tenth five-year plan (Soviet Union)">10th plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Eleventh five-year plan (Soviet Union)">11th plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&oldid=1274742314">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)&oldid=1274742314</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1971_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:1971 in the 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