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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struggle_for_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Struggle for power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struggle_for_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_protocol_as_head_of_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_protocol_as_head_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Diplomatic protocol as head of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_protocol_as_head_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Later tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Removal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement,_death_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement,_death_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retirement, death and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement,_death_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorni" title="Nikolai Podgorni – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nikolai Podgorni" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A" title="نيكولاي بودجورني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاي بودجورني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Podgorni" title="Nikolái Podgorni – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nikolái Podgorni" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Мікалай Віктаравіч Падгорны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мікалай Віктаравіч Падгорны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Viktorovi%C4%8D_Podgornyj" title="Nikolaj Viktorovič Podgornyj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nikolaj Viktorovič Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Podgornyj" title="Nikolaj Podgornyj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nikolaj Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Wiktorowitsch_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Wiktorowitsch Podgorny – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nikolai Wiktorowitsch Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorn%C3%B5i" title="Nikolai Podgornõi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nikolai Podgornõi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol%C3%A1i_Podgorni" title="Nikolái Podgorni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nikolái Podgorni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorni" title="Nikolai Podgorni – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nikolai Podgorni" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نیکلای پادگورنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکلای پادگورنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Podgorny" title="Nikolaï Podgorny – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nikolaï Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Pidhornyi" title="Mykola Pidhornyi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mykola Pidhornyi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%9C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88" title="니콜라이 포드고르니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜라이 포드고르니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Նիկոլայ Պոդգոռնի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլայ Պոդգոռնի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Viktorovich_Podgorni" title="Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorni – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorni" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Podgorny" title="Nikolay Podgorny – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nikolay Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Viktorovi%C4%8D_Podgornyj" title="Nikolaj Viktorovič Podgornyj – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nikolaj Viktorovič Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99" title="ניקולאי פודגורני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולאי פודגורני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნიკოლოზ პოდგორნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკოლოზ პოდგორნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Николай Викторович Подгорный – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Николай Викторович Подгорный" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Подгорный Николай Викторович – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Подгорный Николай Викторович" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Podgornyj" title="Nicolaus Podgornyj – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikola_Pidhornijs" title="Mikola Pidhornijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mikola Pidhornijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolajus_Podgornas" title="Nikolajus Podgornas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nikolajus Podgornas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola%C3%AF_Podgorny" title="Nikolaï Podgorny – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nikolaï Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Podgorny" title="Nikolaj Podgorny – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nikolaj Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%89%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8C%E3%82%A4" title="ニコライ・ポドゴルヌイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコライ・ポドゴルヌイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Podgornyj" title="Nikolaj Podgornyj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nikolaj Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nikolai Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Podgorny" title="Nikołaj Podgorny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nikołaj Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nikolai Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Подгорный, Николай Викторович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подгорный, Николай Викторович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny" title="Nikolai Podgorny – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nikolai Podgorny" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Николај Подгорни – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Николај Подгорни" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgornyi" title="Nikolai Podgornyi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikolai Podgornyi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaj_Podgornyj" title="Nikolaj Podgornyj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nikolaj Podgornyj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Николай Подгорный – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soviet Ukrainian politician (1903–1983)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Podgorny" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Podgorny_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Podgorny (disambiguation)">Podgorny (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Viktorovich</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i> Podgorny</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nikolai Podgorny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ru"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Николай Подгорный</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolai_Podgorny(cropped)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nicolai_Podgorny%28cropped%29_%281%29.jpg/220px-Nicolai_Podgorny%28cropped%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Nicolai_Podgorny%28cropped%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="353" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Podgorny in 1963</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman of the Presidium <br /> of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 December 1965 – 16 June 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union#Secretariat" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 October 1964 – 6 December 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 December 1957 – 2 July 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">18 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 5 February] 1903<br />Karlovka, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Karlivka" title="Karlivka">Karlivka</a>, Ukraine)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-01-12)</span> (aged 79)<br /><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Cemetery" title="Novodevichy Cemetery">Novodevichy Cemetery</a>, Moscow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_people" title="Soviet people">Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1930–1976)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Natalya Nikolayevna Podgornaya (1908–1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Natalia and Lesia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical engineer">Mechanical engineer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975214_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975214-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">civil servant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nikolai Podgorny's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png/128px-Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png/192px-Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png/256px-Nikolai_Podgorny_Signature_1967.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="172" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color:#FCF;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Central institution membership</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1963–1965: Member, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a> Secretariat </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1960–1977: Full member, <a href="/wiki/20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th/21st</a>, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th</a> & <a href="/wiki/25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th</a> Politburo </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1958–1960: Candidate member, <a href="/wiki/20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th</a> Presidium </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1952–1982: Full member, <a href="/wiki/20th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th</a>, 21st, <a href="/wiki/22nd_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/23rd_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/24th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th</a>, & <a href="/wiki/25th_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Central Committee</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color:#FCF;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Other political offices held</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1953–1957: Second Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Jan.–Mar. 1958: Deputy Chairman, Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian SFSR </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1950–1953: First Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Regional_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Kharkiv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine">Kharkiv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1944-1946: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_(Ukraine)" title="Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine)">Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1942-1944: Director, Moscow Technological Institute of Food Industry </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1940–1942: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Council of People's Commissars of the USSR</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 1939–1940: Deputy People's Commissar of the Food Industry, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_(Ukraine)" title="Council of People's Commissars (Ukraine)">Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR</a> </li></ul> </div> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (18 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 5 February] 1903 – 12 January 1983) was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> statesman who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of the Soviet Union, from 1965 to 1977. </p><p>Podgorny was born to a Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> family in the city of <a href="/wiki/Karlovka,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlovka, Ukraine">Karlovka</a> on 18 February 1903. He later graduated from a local worker's school in 1926 before completing his education at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Food_Technologies" title="National University of Food Technologies">Kiev Technological Institute of Food Industry</a> in 1931. In 1930, Podgorny became a member of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> and climbed up the Soviet hierarchy after years of service to the country's centrally <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economy</a>. By 1953, Podgorny became Second Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> in 1953 before later serving as <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a> from 1957 to 1963. </p><p>In October 1964, Podgorny participated in a coup replacing Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>. Thereafter, as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collective leadership in the Soviet Union">collective leadership</a>, Podgorny formed an unofficial <a href="/wiki/Triumvirate#Soviet_Union" title="Triumvirate">Triumvirate</a> (also known by its Russian name <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union#List_of_troikas" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Troika</a></i>) alongside <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Soviet Union">General Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>. On 6 December 1965, he replaced <a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a> as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. After Kosygin's standing was damaged in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring crisis</a> in 1968, Podgorny emerged as the second-most powerful figure in the country behind Brezhnev.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, his influence over policy declined as Brezhnev consolidated his control over the regime. By June 1977, he was removed as Chairman of the Presidium as well as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo</a>. Upon his removal from the Soviet leadership, Podgorny was forced to resign from active politics and sidelined in Soviet affairs until his death in 1983. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny was born on 18 February [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 5 February] 1903 in <a href="/wiki/Karlivka" title="Karlivka">Karlovka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>), to a <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> <a href="/wiki/Working-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Working-class">working-class</a> family. After the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution (1917)">Russian Revolution</a> in 1917, Podgorny became one of the founders of the Karlovka branch of the <a href="/wiki/Komsomol" title="Komsomol">Komsomol</a>, and served as a Secretary of the Komsomol from 1921 to 1923. Podgorny started work at the age of 17 as a student at the mechanical workshops in Karlovka. In 1926, Podgorny graduated from a local workers' school. In 1930, Podgorny became a member of the <a href="/wiki/All-Union_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)">All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ruling_party" title="Ruling party">ruling party</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p><p>In 1931, Podgorny graduated from the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Food_Technologies" title="National University of Food Technologies">Kiev Technological Institute of Food Industry</a> and started working in the <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> industry. Podgorny was promoted to deputy chief engineer of <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> in 1937 and was promoted in 1939 as the chief engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_Oblast" title="Khmelnytskyi Oblast">Kamenetz-Podolsk Oblast</a> sugar trusts. By the end of 1939, Podgorny had become Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (Ukrainian SSR). The next year, Podgorny was appointed Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warheroes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warheroes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_the_Soviet_leadership_(1942–1964)"><span id="Rise_to_the_Soviet_leadership_.281942.E2.80.931964.29"></span>Rise to the Soviet leadership (1942–1964)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rise to the Soviet leadership (1942–1964)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podgorny became the Director of the Moscow Technological Institute of Food Industry in 1942 during <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">World War II</a>. After the liberation of Ukraine from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, Podgorny reestablished Soviet control over Ukraine on the orders of the Ukrainian SSR and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Government">Soviet Government</a>. In the post-war years, Podgorny regained his old office of Deputy People's Commissar for Food Industry of the Ukrainian SSR, but was later appointed in 1946 as a Permanent Representative to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR" title="Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR">Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR</a>. In April 1950, he was made First Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> Regional Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> (CPU). In 1953, Podgorny was elevated to Second Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee">Central Committee</a> (CC) of the CPU. From 1957 to 1963, Podgorny was First Secretary of the CC of the CPU, effectively the most powerful position in Ukraine. In this role, Podgorny worked on reorganising and modernising the Ukrainian economy, which had been destroyed during the war years. He worked to increase the rate of industrial and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural">agricultural</a> production and to improve people's welfare. He paid particular attention to improving party organisation and educating new <a href="/wiki/Cadre_(politics)" title="Cadre (politics)">cadres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warheroes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warheroes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038,_Berlin,_VI._SED-Parteitag,_Ulbricht,_Chruschtschow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg/260px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg/390px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg/520px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B0114-0010-038%2C_Berlin%2C_VI._SED-Parteitag%2C_Ulbricht%2C_Chruschtschow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Nikolai Podgorny (second from left) at East Germany's 6th Party Conference with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (second from right) in 1963.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1960, Podgorny became a <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_in_the_1960s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the 1960s">member of the Politburo</a> (Political Bureau), the highest policy-making authority in the Soviet Union. By 1963, Podgorny had risen to prominence within the Soviet hierarchy as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (CPSU). As a <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Protégé">protégé</a> and close companion of Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, he travelled with him to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations headquarters">United Nations headquarters</a> in 1960. Podgorny acted as a Soviet emissary to <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Podgorny's beliefs were strongly influenced by Khrushchev, and under <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>'s rule, Podgorny was one of the most liberal members within the Soviet leadership, even more liberal than <a href="/wiki/List_of_Premiers_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Premiers of the Soviet Union">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975223_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975223-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (May 2018)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Podgorny briefly fell out of Khruschev's favor in 1961 when he blamed bad <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">corn</a> yields in the Ukrainian SSR on "bad weather", while Khrushchev claimed the crops had been "stolen" and "pilfered".<sup id="cite_ref-badweather_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-badweather-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1962, Podgorny reported to Khrushchev that agricultural output had again increased: Under Podgorny's leadership, the Ukrainian SSR had doubled Ukraine's supply of <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grain</a> to the state from the previous year. Because of his handling of agriculture, <a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a> commentators saw Podgorny as one of Khrushchev's many potential heirs.<sup id="cite_ref-badweather_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-badweather-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historian Ilya Zemtsov, the author of <i>Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika</i>, Brezhnev began starting a conspiracy against Khrushchev when he found out that he had chosen Podgorny, and not himself, as his potential successor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198974_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198974-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1964 ouster to remove Khrushchev as <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">First Secretary</a> and Premier, Podgorny and Brezhnev appealed to the Central Committee, blaming Khrushchev for economic failures and accusing him of <a href="/wiki/Voluntarism_(metaphysics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntarism (metaphysics)">voluntarism</a> and immodest behaviour. Influenced by Brezhnev and his allies, <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo</a> members voted to remove Khrushchev from office.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Khrushchev_troika_(1964–1977)"><span id="Post-Khrushchev_troika_.281964.E2.80.931977.29"></span>Post-Khrushchev troika (1964–1977)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-Khrushchev troika (1964–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struggle_for_power">Struggle for power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Struggle for power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the aftermath of Khrushchev's removal, a <a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership" title="Collective leadership">collective leadership</a> known as a <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union#List_of_troikas" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">troika</a></i> was formed, headed by Brezhnev as First Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before becoming head of state, Podgorny served as the party's <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Second Secretary</a>, and was therefore in charge of the Party's Organisational Division. In this capacity, Podgorny threatened Brezhnev's position as First Secretary because the Organisational Division, if Podgorny chose so, could easily be turned into his own power base within the party. Due to this risk, Brezhnev allied himself with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/KGB_chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="KGB chairman">KGB chairman</a>, to oppose both Podgorny and Kosygin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198987_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198987-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Podgorny's position was constantly threatened by Brezhnev and his allies. In an article in <i>Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta</i> from February 1965, the newspaper criticised the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> Party organisation which Podgorny had previously headed, but also its management of the economy. By indirectly criticising Podgorny, the article raised doubts about his qualifications as a leading member of the Soviet leadership. Podgorny launched a counterattack in his 1965 speech in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, where he criticised the Soviet leadership's <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industrial policy</a>. This, as it turned out, would be a move he would regret for life. Instead of offending just Brezhnev and Shelepin, he offended the whole conservative wing of the leadership. To make matters even worse for Podgorny, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a>, who had kept outside of the conflict, sided with Brezhnev, and called his views "revisionist". Later in December 1965, Podgorny relinquished his seat in the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Secretariat</a>, and took Mikoyan's place as <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198988_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ilya Zemstov, his departure from the Secretariat signaled the end of his wish to assume the First Secretaryship.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (May 2018)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989105_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989105-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg/300px-Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg/450px-Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg/600px-Nikolai-Podgornyi-1969-in-Tampere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1291" /></a><figcaption>Podgorny visiting <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1969.</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Politburo members under Brezhnev were <a href="/wiki/Hardline" title="Hardline">conservative communists</a>. Even so, Podgorny remained one of the most liberal-minded members in the <a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attribution_needed" title="Wikipedia:Attribution needed"><span title="This sentence may contain perspectives and opinions without stating whose they are. (May 2018)">attribution needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other liberal-minded Politburo members included Kosygin and <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975211_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975211-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factionalism within the Soviet leadership in the 1960s led Podgorny to become more active; he held several speeches in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and went on numerous <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a> at the expense of Brezhnev and Kosygin's popularity. There was speculation in Soviet society that Podgorny was trying to replace Kosygin as Premier, or even Brezhnev as General Secretary, due to his increasing presence in the late 1960s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1971, the <a href="/wiki/24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th Party Congress</a> affirmed Brezhnev's and Kosygin's status as the leadership's current highest-ranking figures but Podgorny nevertheless showed that he remained a major player in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet politics">Soviet politics</a> by leading delegations to China and North Vietnam later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975211–212_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975211–212-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Brezhnev adopted more liberal positions, Podgorny attracted support among hardline communists by opposing his conciliatory stance towards Yugoslavia, disarmament deals with the West, and pressuring of East Germany into conceding to the <a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Berlin negotiations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brezhnevprotocol_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brezhnevprotocol-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Politburo, Podgorny could count on the support of <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Gennady Voronov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, when Podgorny and Kosygin actually agreed on something Brezhnev would find himself in the minority, and forced to follow their decisions. However, such an opportunity was often ignored due to how frequently Podgorny found himself in conflict with Kosygin over policy issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989103_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989103-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the collective leadership was rendered powerless in the late 1970s when Brezhnev achieved all but complete control over the Politburo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975169_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975169-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_protocol_as_head_of_state">Diplomatic protocol as head of state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diplomatic protocol as head of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg/300px-Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg/450px-Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg/600px-Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_AN_410.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2557" data-file-height="1611" /></a><figcaption>In his capacity as head of state, Podgorny (seated right) meets <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (seated left) in Moscow.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1967, just before the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Podgorny delivered an intelligence report to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> which claimed, falsely, that <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> troops were massing along the <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971 Podgorny went on two state visits, the first to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) and the second to <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>; Kosygin went on a visit to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> while Brezhnev visited <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Podgorny frequently paid visits to North Vietnam during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> to discuss Soviet-Vietnamese foreign relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975429_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975429-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Podgorny visited <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Daoud_Khan" title="Mohammad Daoud Khan">Mohammad Daoud Khan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Afghanistan_(1973%E2%80%931978)" title="Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975212_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975212-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brezhnev conspired to oust Podgorny as early as 1970. The reason was simple: Brezhnev was third, while Podgorny was first in the ranking of Soviet <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(diplomacy)" title="Protocol (diplomacy)">diplomatic protocol</a>. Since September 1970 Brezhnev tried to form an opposition in the Politburo to oust Podgorny. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, "There was some speculation in Moscow" that if Brezhnev did not succeed in removing Podgorny he would establish a Council of State modelled after institutions found in, for example, <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of the German Democratic Republic">East Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="State Council of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Romania" title="State Council of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a>. The post of Chairman of the Council of State would give Brezhnev the top state and party job in the USSR. Brezhnev's backers were unable, and did not even try, to remove Podgorny from the head of state post at the 1970 Central Committee plenum. Brezhnev could count on only five votes, while another seven Politburo members were opposed to granting Brezhnev more power. Under such circumstances, removing Podgorny would be condemned among the Soviet elite for violating the principle of collective leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Brezhnevprotocol_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brezhnevprotocol-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_tenure">Later tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1970s, Brezhnev strengthened Podgorny's position at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier</a> Kosygin by giving the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium</a> executive powers. As a result of these changes, the post of Chairman of the Presidium changed from a largely honorary office to the second most important office in the USSR. Pleased by the extension of powers given to the Supreme Soviet, Podgorny saw little threat to his position, even if a Central Committee resolution from 1971 had called for the expansion of Party activities in the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198997_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198997-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unbeknownst to Podgorny, Brezhnev felt threatened by his new authority and ordered <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a> to review the <a href="/wiki/1936_Soviet_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1936 Soviet Constitution">1936 Soviet Constitution</a> for a way to weaken Podgorny's position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989118_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989118-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it turned out there were none under current Soviet law. As the head of state, Podgorny could block any measures taken by Brezhnev to circumscribe his powers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Chernenko's solution to this dilemma was to make it law that the Party leader could also become the Chairman of the Presidium. Consequently, a new constitution was drafted to include such a provision. On 7 October 1977, the <a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977 Soviet Constitution</a> which affirmed the Party's supremacy in Soviet society was approved by the Soviet leadership. The approval of the 1977 Soviet Constitution is considered Podgorny's death knell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989119_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989119-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal">Removal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podgorny's removal from office in 1977 has become the most notable example of power transfer in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1964%E2%80%931982)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)">late Brezhnev Era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199835_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199835-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Vincent_Daniels" title="Robert Vincent Daniels">Robert Vincent Daniels</a>, Podgorny was, before his removal, the second most powerful man in the Soviet Union, behind Brezhnev but ahead of Premier Kosygin. Though there were some <a href="/wiki/Sovietologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietologist">Sovietologists</a> who foresaw Podgorny's fall, the decision to remove Podgorny from the Politburo took the world by surprise. On 24 May 1977, a unanimous vote was taken by the Central Committee after <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Romanov" title="Grigory Romanov">Grigory Romanov</a> proposed removing Podgorny from the Politburo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199836_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199836-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vote seemed to have taken Podgorny by surprise, and immediately after the vote, he got up from his politburo seat to instead sit with the ordinary members. Podgorny was nominally still Chairman of the Presidium, but his leadership had ended. After his removal from the Politburo Podgorny's name disappeared from Soviet media.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet media told the Soviet people that he had retired due to his stance against <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_goods_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Consumer goods in the Soviet Union">producing more consumer goods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199838_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199838-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-three days after his removal from the Politburo, Podgorny lost his Chairmanship of the Presidium on 16 June 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199839_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199839-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to his advanced age, Brezhnev was regarded as too old to carry out some of the functions of head of state. The Supreme Soviet, on Brezhnev's orders, established the new post of <a href="/wiki/First_Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet">First Deputy Chairman</a> of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, an office equivalent to the post of Vice President. <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Vasili Kuznetsov</a>, at the age of 76, was unanimously approved by the Supreme Soviet as First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement,_death_and_recognition"><span id="Retirement.2C_death_and_recognition"></span>Retirement, death and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Retirement, death and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Podgorny's life after his resignation is not well documented. The last mention of him in any major Soviet media was his meeting with <a href="/wiki/Urho_Kekkonen" title="Urho Kekkonen">Urho Kekkonen</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a>. There was never any explanation given, nor a denunciation of him, by the Soviet authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Podgorny retained his seat in the Supreme Soviet after his downfall. He was seen at the 61st anniversary reception of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Kremlin_Palace" title="Grand Kremlin Palace">Grand Palace of the Kremlin</a> in November 1978 by Tokichiro Uomoto, the Japanese Ambassador to the Soviet Union. Podgorny spoke to Brezhnev, Kosygin, and then to <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a>, all of whom looked embarrassed by the presence of Podgorny, according to Uomoto. Soon after this incident, Podgorny lost his seat in the Supreme Soviet. In <a href="/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery" title="Tretyakov Gallery">Tretyakov Gallery</a>, Podgorny was removed from the 1977 painting of the Soviet leaders at the Red Square by <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Nalbandyan" title="Dmitry Nalbandyan">Dmitry Nalbandyan</a> in which Podgorny stood between Brezhnev and Kosygin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Podgorny died of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> on 12 January 1983, and was buried in Moscow at the <a href="/wiki/Novodevichy_Cemetery" title="Novodevichy Cemetery">Novodevichy Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warheroes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warheroes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with many other high-standing Soviet officials, Podgorny was honoured with several awards. He was awarded five <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of Lenin">Orders of Lenin</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Banner" title="Order of the Red Banner">Order of the Red Banner</a> and several medals, as well as being awarded several foreign state prizes by <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolian People's Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warheroes_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warheroes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Микола Вікторович Підгорний</span>, <i>Mykola Viktorovych Pidhornyy</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Никола́й Ви́кторович Подго́рный</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[nʲɪkɐˈlaj<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ<span class="wrap"> </span>pɐdˈgornɨj]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975214-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975214_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 214.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v13/d170">"170. Memorandum From the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon"</a>. history.state.gov. April 10, 1971<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=170.+Memorandum+From+the+President%27s+Assistant+for+National+Security+Affairs+%28Kissinger%29+to+President+Nixon&rft.pub=history.state.gov&rft.date=1971-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fhistoricaldocuments%2Ffrus1969-76v13%2Fd170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warheroes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warheroes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warheroes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warheroes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warheroes_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9115"><bdi lang="ru">Подгорный Николай Викторович</bdi></a> (in Russian). War Heroes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft.pub=War+Heroes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warheroes.ru%2Fhero%2Fhero.asp%3FHero_id%3D9115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975223-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975223_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 223.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-badweather-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-badweather_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-badweather_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106194935/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897942-2,00.html">"The Leading Contenders to Succeed a Tired Khrushchev"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 29 June 1962. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897942-2,00.html">the original</a> on November 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Leading+Contenders+to+Succeed+a+Tired+Khrushchev&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1962-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C897942-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198974-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198974_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaubman2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Taubman" title="William Taubman">Taubman, William</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/khrushchevmanhis00taub/page/5"><i>Khrushchev: The Man and His Era</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/khrushchevmanhis00taub/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05144-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05144-7"><bdi>0-393-05144-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khrushchev%3A+The+Man+and+His+Era&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-393-05144-7&rft.aulast=Taubman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkhrushchevmanhis00taub%2Fpage%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaubman2003" class="citation book cs1">Taubman, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/khrushchevmanhis00taub/page/16"><i>Khrushchev: The Man and His Era</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/khrushchevmanhis00taub/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05144-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05144-7"><bdi>0-393-05144-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khrushchev%3A+The+Man+and+His+Era&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-393-05144-7&rft.aulast=Taubman&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkhrushchevmanhis00taub%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198987-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198987_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198988-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198988_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989105-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989105_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975211-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975211_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 211.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975211–212-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975211–212_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, pp. 211–212.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brezhnevprotocol-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brezhnevprotocol_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brezhnevprotocol_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080408152946/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877509,00.html">"Soviet Union: Whoa, Comrade Brezhnev"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 6 December 1971. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,877509,00.html">the original</a> on April 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Soviet+Union%3A+Whoa%2C+Comrade+Brezhnev&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1971-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C877509%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989103-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989103_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975169-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975169_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 169.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeng,_Russell_J.2000" class="citation book cs1">Leng, Russell J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5gyS1x44zAQC"><i>Bargaining and learning in recurring crises: the Soviet-American, Egyptian-Israeli, and Indo-Pakistani rivalries</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-06703-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-06703-6"><bdi>0-472-06703-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bargaining+and+learning+in+recurring+crises%3A+the+Soviet-American%2C+Egyptian-Israeli%2C+and+Indo-Pakistani+rivalries&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-472-06703-6&rft.au=Leng%2C+Russell+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5gyS1x44zAQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975429-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975429_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 429.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaw1975212-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaw1975212_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaw1975">Law 1975</a>, p. 212.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLaw1975 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198997-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov198997_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989118-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989118_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989119-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZemtsov1989119_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZemtsov1989">Zemtsov 1989</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199835-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199835_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1998">Daniels 1998</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199836-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199836_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1998">Daniels 1998</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199837_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1998">Daniels 1998</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199838-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199838_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1998">Daniels 1998</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels199839-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels199839_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels1998">Daniels 1998</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129115402/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915628,00.html">"Soviet Union: Veep in Moscow"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 17 October 1977. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915628,00.html">the original</a> on January 29, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Soviet+Union%3A+Veep+in+Moscow&rft.date=1977-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C915628%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiroshi_Imai1985" class="citation book cs1">Hiroshi Imai (1985). <i>Mosukuwa Tokuhain Houkoku</i>. Iwanami Shinsho. pp. 26–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-00-420299-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-00-420299-8"><bdi>978-4-00-420299-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mosukuwa+Tokuhain+Houkoku&rft.pages=26-29&rft.pub=Iwanami+Shinsho&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-4-00-420299-8&rft.au=Hiroshi+Imai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Podgorny&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nikolai_Podgorny" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nikolai Podgorny">Nikolai Podgorny</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vincent_Daniels" title="Robert Vincent Daniels">Daniels, Robert Vincent</a> (1998). <i>Russia's Transformation: Snapshots of a Crumbling System</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8476-8709-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8476-8709-0"><bdi>0-8476-8709-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Transformation%3A+Snapshots+of+a+Crumbling+System&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8476-8709-0&rft.au=Daniels%2C+Robert+Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEWEBLaw1975" class="citation book cs1">Law, David A. (1975). <i>Russian Civilization</i>. Ardent Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8422-0529-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8422-0529-2"><bdi>0-8422-0529-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Civilization&rft.pub=Ardent+Media&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8422-0529-2&rft.au=Law%2C+David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZemtsov1989" class="citation book cs1">Zemtsov, Ilya (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chernenkolastbol00zemt"><i>Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-260-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-260-6"><bdi>0-88738-260-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chernenko%3A+The+Last+Bolshevik%3A+The+Soviet+Union+on+the+Eve+of+Perestroika&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88738-260-6&rft.au=Zemtsov%2C+Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchernenkolastbol00zemt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANikolai+Podgorny" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Second_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> </b><br />October 14, 1964 – December 6, 1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frol_Kozlov" title="Frol Kozlov">Frol Kozlov</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Senior Secretary of Cadres of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union </b><br />June 21, 1963 – December 6, 1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Kirichenko">Aleksei Kirichenko</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine</a> </b><br />December 26, 1957– July 2, 1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Pyotr Shelest</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Viktor Churayev</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Kharkiv Oblast </b><br />1950–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Vitaliy Titov</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Chairman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a> </b><br />December 9, 1965 – June 16, 1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin" title="Mikhail Kalinin">Kalinin</a> (1922–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Shvernik">Shvernik</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Voroshilov</a> (1953–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a> (1960–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a> (1964–1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podgorny</a> (1965–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a> (1977–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Andropov</a> (1983–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Chernenko</a> (1984–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Gromyko</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> (1988–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Kuznetsov</a> (1977–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Demichev</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Lukyanov" title="Anatoly Lukyanov">Lukyanov</a> (1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Yanayev" title="Gennady Yanayev">Yanayev</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_and_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Communist Party of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Communist Party of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communist Party of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine_and_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Central Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">First (General) Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafima_Hopner" title="Serafima Hopner">Serafima Hopner</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Kviring" title="Emanuel Kviring">Emanuel Kviring</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Pyatakov" title="Georgy Pyatakov">Georgy Pyatakov</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Bestchetvertnoi" title="Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi">Nikolay Bestchetvertnoi</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Manuilsky" title="Dmitry Manuilsky">Dmitry Manuilsky</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Kviring" title="Emanuel Kviring">Emanuel Kviring</a> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a> (1925–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Kosior" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a> (1928–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1938–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Melnikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Melnikov">Leonid Melnikov</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a> (1957–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petr Shelest</a> (1963–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Vladimir Scherbitsky</a> (1972–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ivashko" title="Vladimir Ivashko">Vladimir Ivashko</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Hurenko" title="Stanislav Hurenko">Stanislav Gurenko</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decision-making bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Politburo / Presidium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orgburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orgburo of the Communist Party of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Orgburo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Control_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Control Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visti_VUCVK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visti VUCVK (page does not exist)">Visti VUCVK</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radianska_Ukraina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radianska Ukraina (page does not exist)">Kommunist / Radyanska Ukraina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravda_Ukrainy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravda Ukrainy (page does not exist)">Pravda Ukrainy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party assemblies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" title="1st Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">1st (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" title="2nd Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">2nd (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" title="3rd Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">3rd (1919)</a></li> <li>4th (1920)</li> <li>5th (1920)</li> <li>6th (1921)</li> <li>7th (1923)</li> <li>8th (1924)</li> <li>9th (1925)</li> <li>10th (1927)</li> <li>11th (1930)</li> <li>12th (1934)</li> <li>13th (1937)</li> <li>14th (1938)</li> <li>15th (1940)</li> <li>16th (1949)</li> <li>17th (1952)</li> <li>18th (1954)</li> <li>19th (1956)</li> <li>20th (1959)</li> <li>21st (1960)</li> <li>22nd (1961)</li> <li>23rd (1966)</li> <li>24th (1971)</li> <li>25th (1976)</li> <li>26th (1981)</li> <li>27th (1986)</li> <li>28th (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1st (1926)</li> <li>2nd (1929)</li> <li>3rd (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected by Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Central Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_1st_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" title="Central Committee of the 1st Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">1st (Jul.–Oct. 1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_2nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_(Bolsheviks)_of_Ukraine" title="Central Committee of the 2nd Congress of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine">2nd (1918–1919)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Successors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Socialist Party of Ukraine">Socialist Party of Ukraine</a> (1991–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Peasant Party of Ukraine">Peasant Party of Ukraine</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a> (1993–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(renewed)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)">Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed)</a> (2000–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Workers_and_Peasants" title="Communist Party of Workers and Peasants">Communist Party of Workers and Peasants</a> (2001–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Ukraine_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)">Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist)</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1976–1981)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1976–1981)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/25th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1976–1981)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grechko" title="Andrei Grechko">Andrei Grechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Viktor Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Kulakov" title="Fyodor Kulakov">Fyodor Kulakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinmukhamed_Kunaev" title="Dinmukhamed Kunaev">Dinmukhamed Kunaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Romanov" title="Grigory Romanov">Grigory Romanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov" title="Nikolai Tikhonov">Nikolai Tikhonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Heydar Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Pyotr Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Pyotr Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Ponomarev" title="Boris Ponomarev">Boris Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Solomentsev" title="Mikhail Solomentsev">Mikhail Solomentsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Vasili Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov" title="Nikolai Tikhonov">Nikolai Tikhonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Kiselyov" title="Tikhon Kiselyov">Tikhon Kiselyov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1971–1976)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1971–1976)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/24th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1971–1976)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Gennady Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Viktor Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Kulakov" title="Fyodor Kulakov">Fyodor Kulakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinmukhamed_Kunaev" title="Dinmukhamed Kunaev">Dinmukhamed Kunaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grechko" title="Andrei Grechko">Andrei Grechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Pyotr Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Pyotr Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Solomentsev" title="Mikhail Solomentsev">Mikhail Solomentsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Ponomarev" title="Boris Ponomarev">Boris Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Romanov" title="Grigory Romanov">Grigory Romanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1966–1971)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1966–1971)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/23rd_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1966–1971)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Gennady Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Arvīds Pelše</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Pyotr Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Viktor Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinmukhamed_Kunaev" title="Dinmukhamed Kunaev">Dinmukhamed Kunaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Pyotr Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1961–1966)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1961–1966)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/22nd_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1961–1966)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Gennady Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frol_Kozlov" title="Frol Kozlov">Frol Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Kuusinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Shvernik">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Alexander Shelepin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Viktor Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Sharof Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Efremov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Efremov (page does not exist)">Leonid Efremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Pyotr Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ustinov" title="Dmitry Ustinov">Dmitry Ustinov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956–1959)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1956–1959)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/20th_Presidium_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> (1956–1959)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin" title="Nikolai Bulganin">Nikolai Bulganin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliment_Voroshilov" title="Kliment Voroshilov">Kliment Voroshilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kirichenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Kirichenko">Alexei Kirichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Malenkov" title="Georgy Malenkov">Georgy Malenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Anastas Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pervukhin" title="Mikhail Pervukhin">Mikhail Pervukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Saburov" title="Maksim Saburov">Maksim Saburov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averky_Aristov" title="Averky Aristov">Averky Aristov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Belyaev_(politician)" title="Nikolai Belyaev (politician)">Nikolai Belyaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ignatov" title="Nikolai Ignatov">Nikolai Ignatov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frol_Kozlov" title="Frol Kozlov">Frol Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Wille_Kuusinen" title="Otto Wille Kuusinen">Otto Kuusinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Furtseva" title="Yekaterina Furtseva">Yekaterina Furtseva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Shvernik">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuritdin_Mukhitdinov" title="Nuritdin Mukhitdinov">Nuritdin Mukhitdinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Zhukov" title="Georgy Zhukov">Georgy Zhukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuritdin_Mukhitdinov" title="Nuritdin Mukhitdinov">Nuritdin Mukhitdinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Furtseva" title="Yekaterina Furtseva">Yekaterina Furtseva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shvernik" title="Nikolai Shvernik">Nikolai Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shepilov" title="Dmitri Shepilov">Dmitri Shepilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalnb%C4%93rzi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Jānis Kalnbērziņš">Jānis Kalnbērziņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Andrei Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyan_Korotchenko" title="Demyan Korotchenko">Demyan Korotchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Kirill Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Vasil Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pervukhin" title="Mikhail Pervukhin">Mikhail Pervukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pospelov" title="Pyotr Pospelov">Pyotr Pospelov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nikolai Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Dmitry Polyansky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Era_of_Stagnation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stagnation_Era" title="Template:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stagnation_Era" title="Template talk:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stagnation_Era" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stagnation Era"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Era_of_Stagnation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Stagnation" title="Era of Stagnation">Era of Stagnation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1964%E2%80%931982)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)">Events (1964–1982)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_leadership_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Collective leadership in the Soviet Union">Collective leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Red_Square_demonstration" title="1968 Red Square demonstration">1968 Red Square demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Summit_Meeting_on_Arms_Control" title="Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control">Vladivostok Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Moscow_bombings" title="1977 Moscow bombings">1977 Moscow bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union">1977 Soviet constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Georgian_demonstrations" title="1978 Georgian demonstrations">1978 Georgian demonstrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Zapad-81" class="mw-redirect" title="Exercise Zapad-81">Exercise Zapad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev">Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev">Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)">Events (1982–1985)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RYAN" class="mw-redirect" title="RYAN">RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alarm_incident" title="1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident">1983 false nuclear alarm incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cotton_scandal" title="Uzbek cotton scandal">Uzbek cotton scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Games" title="Friendship Games">Friendship Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politburo members<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_22nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">22nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_23rd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_24th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">24th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_25th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">25th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_26th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">26th</a></li></ul></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev" title="Heydar Aliyev">Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chebrikov" title="Viktor Chebrikov">Chebrikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Chernenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Demichev" title="Pyotr Demichev">Demichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dolgikh" title="Vladimir Dolgikh">Dolgikh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonid_Efremov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonid Efremov (page does not exist)">Efremov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Grechko" title="Andrei Grechko">Grechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Grishin" title="Viktor Grishin">Grishin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Gromyko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kirilenko_(politician)" title="Andrei Kirilenko (politician)">Kirilenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_Kiselyov" title="Tikhon Kiselyov">Kiselyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinmukhamed_Kunaev" title="Dinmukhamed Kunaev">Kunaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Kosygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Kulakov" title="Fyodor Kulakov">Kulakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Kuznetsov_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Kuznetsov (politician)">Kuznetsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Masherov" title="Pyotr Masherov">Masherov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Mazurov" title="Kirill Mazurov">Mazurov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikoyan" title="Anastas Mikoyan">Mikoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Mzhavanadze" title="Vasil Mzhavanadze">Mzhavanadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arv%C4%ABds_Pel%C5%A1e" title="Arvīds Pelše">Pelše</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podgorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky" title="Dmitry Polyansky">Polyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Ponomarev" title="Boris Ponomarev">Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharof_Rashidov" title="Sharof Rashidov">Rashidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Romanov" title="Grigory Romanov">Romanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Shcherbytsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shelepin" title="Alexander Shelepin">Shelepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Shelest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Shevardnadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Shvernik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Shvernik">Shvernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Solomentsev" title="Mikhail Solomentsev">Solomentsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Suslov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov" title="Nikolai Tikhonov">Tikhonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitriy_Ustinov" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitriy Ustinov">Ustinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Voronov" title="Gennady Voronov">Voronov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Vorotnikov" title="Vitaly Vorotnikov">Vorotnikov</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of leaders of the Soviet Union">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">Troika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Brezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Kosygin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Podgorny</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governments_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governments of the Soviet Union">Governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_First_Government" title="Kosygin's First Government">Kosygin's 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Second_Government" title="Kosygin's Second Government">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Third_Government" title="Kosygin's Third Government">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Fourth_Government" title="Kosygin's Fourth Government">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosygin%27s_Fifth_Government" title="Kosygin's Fifth Government">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhonov%27s_First_Government" title="Tikhonov's First Government">Tikhonov's 1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhonov%27s_Second_Government" title="Tikhonov's Second Government">2nd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1965 Soviet economic reform">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1973 Soviet economic reform">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Soviet_economic_reform" title="1979 Soviet economic reform">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Programme" title="Food Programme">Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1984_Soviet_economic_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1984 Soviet economic reform (page does not exist)">1984</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Five-year_plans_for_the_national_economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union">Five-year plans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Eighth five-year plan (Soviet Union)">8th plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ninth five-year plan (Soviet Union)">9th plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Tenth five-year plan (Soviet Union)">10th plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_five-year_plan_(Soviet_Union)" title="Eleventh five-year plan (Soviet Union)">11th plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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