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</div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3845</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: carbon microstructure</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3575</span> Challenge of Net-Zero Carbon Construction and Measurement of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Reduction to Climate Change, Economy and Job Growths in Hong Kong and Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20Tak%20Kit">Kwok Tak Kit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the Paris Agreement 2015, the countries committed to address and combat the climate change and its negative impacts and agree to the target of reducing the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission substantially by limiting the global temperature to 20C above the pre-industrial level in this century. A internationally Submit named “ 26th United Nations Climate Conference” (COP26) was held in Glasgow in 2021 with all committed countries agreed to the finalize the outstanding element in Paris Agreement and Glasgow Climate Pact to keep 1.50C. In this paper, we will focus on the basic approach of waste strategy, recycling policy, circular economy strategy, net-zero strategy and sustainability strategy and the importance of the elements which affect the carbon emission, waste generation and energy conservation will be further reviewed with recommendation for future study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net-zero%20carbon" title="net-zero carbon">net-zero carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emission" title=" carbon emission"> carbon emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144405/challenge-of-net-zero-carbon-construction-and-measurement-of-energy-consumption-and-carbon-emission-reduction-to-climate-change-economy-and-job-growths-in-hong-kong-and-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3574</span> Comparing the Embodied Carbon Impacts of a Passive House with the BC Energy Step Code Using Life Cycle Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20Polovina">Lorena Polovina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maddy%20%20Kennedy-Parrott"> Maddy Kennedy-Parrott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Fakoor"> Mohammad Fakoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry accounts for approximately 40% of total GHG emissions worldwide. In order to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, ambitious reductions in the carbon intensity of our buildings are crucial. Passive House presents an opportunity to reduce operational carbon by as much as 90% compared to a traditional building through improving thermal insulation, limiting thermal bridging, increasing airtightness and heat recovery. Up until recently, Passive House design was mainly concerned with meeting the energy demands without considering embodied carbon. As buildings become more energy-efficient, embodied carbon becomes more significant. The main objective of this research is to calculate the embodied carbon impact of a Passive House and compare it with the BC Energy Step Code (ESC). British Columbia is committed to increasing the energy efficiency of buildings through the ESC, which is targeting net-zero energy-ready buildings by 2032. However, there is a knowledge gap in the embodied carbon impacts of more energy-efficient buildings, in particular Part 3 construction. In this case study, life cycle assessments (LCA) are performed on Part 3, a multi-unit residential building in Victoria, BC. The actual building is not constructed to the Passive House standard; however, the building envelope and mechanical systems are designed to comply with the Passive house criteria, as well as Steps 1 and 4 of the BC Energy Step Code (ESC) for comparison. OneClick LCA is used to perform the LCA of the case studies. Several strategies are also proposed to minimize the total carbon emissions of the building. The assumption is that there will not be significant differences in embodied carbon between a Passive House and a Step 4 building due to the building envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20carbon" title="embodied carbon">embodied carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20modeling" title=" energy modeling"> energy modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20step%20code" title=" energy step code"> energy step code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130565/comparing-the-embodied-carbon-impacts-of-a-passive-house-with-the-bc-energy-step-code-using-life-cycle-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3573</span> Sustainable Zero Carbon Communities: The Role of Community-Based Interventions in Reducing Carbon Footprint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damilola%20Mofikoya">Damilola Mofikoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developed countries account for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. In the last decade, countries including the United States and China have made a commitment to cut down carbon emissions by signing the Paris Climate Agreement. However, carbon neutrality is a challenging issue to tackle at the country level because of the scale of the problem. To overcome this challenge, cities are at the forefront of these efforts. Many cities in the United States are taking strategic actions and proposing programs and initiatives focused on renewable energy, green transportation, less use of fossil fuel vehicles, etc. There have been concerns about the implications of those strategies and a lack of community engagement. This paper is focused on community-based efforts that help actualize the reduction of carbon footprint through sustained and inclusive action. Existing zero-carbon assessment tools are examined to understand variables and indicators associated with the zero-carbon goals. Based on a broad, systematic review of literature on community strategies, and existing zero-carbon assessment tools, a dashboard was developed to help simplify and demystify carbon neutrality goals at a community level. The literature was able to shed light on the key contributing factors responsible for the success of community efforts in carbon neutrality. Stakeholder education is discussed as one of the strategies to help communities take action and generate momentum. The community-based efforts involving individuals and residents, such as reduction of food wastages, shopping preferences, transit mode choices, and healthy diets, play an important role in the context of zero-carbon initiatives. The proposed community-based dashboard will emphasize the importance of sustained, structured, and collective efforts at a communal scale. Finally, the present study discusses the relationship between life expectancy and quality of life and how it affects carbon neutrality in communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title="carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title=" communities"> communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20expectancy" title=" life expectancy"> life expectancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145563/sustainable-zero-carbon-communities-the-role-of-community-based-interventions-in-reducing-carbon-footprint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3572</span> Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Rotary-Swaged Wire of Commercial-Purity Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Duchek">Michal Duchek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Pal%C3%A1n"> Jan Palán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Kubina"> Tomas Kubina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bars made of titanium grade 2 and grade 4 were subjected to rotary forging with up to 2.2 true strain reduction in the cross-section from 10 to 3.81 mm. During progressive deformation, grain refinement in the transverse direction took place. In the longitudinal direction, ultrafine microstructure has not developed. It has been demonstrated that titanium grade 2 strengthens more than grade 4. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 650 MPa to 1040 MPa in titanium grade 4. Hardness profiles on the cross section in both materials show an increase in the centre of the wire. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial-purity%20titanium" title="commercial-purity titanium">commercial-purity titanium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire" title=" wire"> wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20swaging" title=" rotary swaging"> rotary swaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73382/mechanical-and-microstructural-properties-of-rotary-swaged-wire-of-commercial-purity-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3571</span> Assessing the Impact of Industry 4.0 Implementation on Carbon Neutrality in industries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepinoud%20Hamedi">Sepinoud Hamedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ponder points to observationally look at the impact of carbon-neutrality approaches on the key assets required for Industry 4.0 driven savvy fabricating and how these assets can give a economical competitive advantage. The hypothetical system is coordinates with the regulation hypothesis and the resource-based see (RBV). The observational strategy is utilized for collecting information through studies and assist covariance-based auxiliary condition modeling is utilized to test the theories. Discoveries demonstrate that carbon–neutral-based government arrangements have a more grounded impact on unmistakable assets and human aptitudes than intangible assets related to Industry 4.0 driven shrewd fabricating. Moment, carbon–neutral arrangement arrangement with the firm’s maintainability destinations plays a directing impact on the relationship between carbon–neutral-based government arrangements and assets (substantial, intangible assets and human abilities) for Industry 4.0 driven shrewd fabricating. Finally, the three assets (substantial, intangible assets and human abilities) for Industry 4.0 driven savvy fabricating play a basic part in creating firms’ carbon–neutral capability and assist improving operational execution. Administrative suggestions incorporate venture in progressed advanced innovations, creating a solid mentality among workers and supply chain partners, and planning preparing programs for upgrading shrewd fabricating execution to create carbon-neutrality capability. This think about proposes a crossover hypothesis within the setting of carbon nonpartisanship by coordination institutional theory and RBV. Typically the primary think about that looks at the impact of carbon neutrality-based government arrangements on crucial Industry 4.0-driven savvy fabricating assets and the circuitous impact on carbon nonpartisanship capability and operational execution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon" title="carbon">carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%204.0" title=" industry 4.0"> industry 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrality" title=" neutrality"> neutrality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBV" title=" RBV"> RBV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonpartisanship" title=" nonpartisanship"> nonpartisanship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179732/assessing-the-impact-of-industry-40-implementation-on-carbon-neutrality-in-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3570</span> Gas Pressure Evaluation through Radial Velocity Measurement of Fluid Flow Modeled by Drift Flux Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Rima%20Cheniti">Aicha Rima Cheniti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Besbes"> Hatem Besbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Haggege"> Joseph Haggege</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Sintes"> Christophe Sintes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider a drift flux mixture model of the blood flow. The mixture consists of gas phase which is carbon dioxide and liquid phase which is an aqueous carbon dioxide solution. This model was used to determine the distributions of the mixture velocity, the mixture pressure, and the carbon dioxide pressure. These theoretical data are used to determine a measurement method of mean gas pressure through the determination of radial velocity distribution. This method can be applicable in experimental domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20carbon%20dioxide%20pressure" title="mean carbon dioxide pressure">mean carbon dioxide pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20mixture%20pressure" title=" mean mixture pressure"> mean mixture pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20velocity" title=" mixture velocity"> mixture velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20velocity" title=" radial velocity"> radial velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52258/gas-pressure-evaluation-through-radial-velocity-measurement-of-fluid-flow-modeled-by-drift-flux-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3569</span> Strategies to Achieve Deep Decarbonisation in Power Generation: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alotaiq">Abdullah Alotaiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transition to low-carbon power generation is essential for mitigating climate change and achieving sustainability. This process, however, entails considerable costs, and understanding the factors influencing these costs is critical. This is necessary to cater to the increasing demand for low-carbon electricity across the heating, industry, and transportation sectors. A crucial aspect of this transition is identifying cost-effective and feasible paths for decarbonization, which is integral to global climate mitigation efforts. It is concluded that hybrid solutions, combining different low-carbon technologies, are optimal for minimizing costs and enhancing flexibility. These solutions also address the challenges associated with phasing out existing fossil fuel-based power plants and broadening the spectrum of low-carbon power generation options. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title="review">review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20generation" title=" power generation"> power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transition" title=" energy transition"> energy transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarbonisation" title=" decarbonisation"> decarbonisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183033/strategies-to-achieve-deep-decarbonisation-in-power-generation-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3568</span> Characterization of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Doped Polymer Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atilla%20Evcin">Atilla Evcin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahri%20Ersoy"> Bahri Ersoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S%C3%BCleyman%20Akp%C4%B1nar"> Süleyman Akpınar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sinan%20Atl%C4%B1"> I. Sinan Atlı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ceramic, polymer and composite nanofibers are nowadays begun to be utilized in many fields of nanotechnology. By the means of dimensions, these fibers are as small as nano scale but because of having large surface area and microstructural characteristics, they provide unique mechanic, optical, magnetic, electronic and chemical properties. In terms of nanofiber production, electrospinning has been the most widely used technique in recent years. In this study, carbon nanofibers have been synthesized from solutions of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by electrospinning method. The carbon nanofibers have been stabilized by oxidation at 250 °C for 2 h in air and carbonized at 750 °C for 1 h in H2/N2. Images of carbon nanofibers have been taken with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images have been analyzed to study the fiber morphology and to determine the distribution of the fiber diameter using FibraQuant 1.3 software. Then polymer composites have been produced from mixture of carbon nanofibers and silicone polymer. The final polymer composites have been characterized by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. These results have been reported and discussed. At result, homogeneous carbon nanofibers with 100-167 nm of diameter were obtained with optimized electrospinning conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82591/characterization-of-electrospun-carbon-nanofiber-doped-polymer-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3567</span> Woody Carbon Stock Potentials and Factor Affecting Their Storage in Munessa Forest, Southern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojo%20Mengistu%20Gelasso">Mojo Mengistu Gelasso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tropical forest is considered the most important forest ecosystem for mitigating climate change by sequestering a high amount of carbon. The potential carbon stock of the forest can be influenced by many factors. Therefore, studying these factors is crucial for understanding the determinants that affect the potential for woody carbon storage in the forest. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential for woody carbon stock and how it varies based on plant community types, as well as along altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest. Vegetation data was collected using systematic sampling. Five line transects were established at 100 m intervals along the altitudinal gradient between two consecutive transect lines. On each transect, 10 quadrats (20 x 20 m), separated by 200 m, were established. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results showed that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest was 210.43 ton/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon density varied significantly based on environmental factors, while community types had no significant effect. The highest mean carbon stock was found at middle altitudes (2367-2533 m.a.s.l), lower slopes (0-13%), and west-facing aspects. The Podocarpus falcatus-Croton macrostachyus community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock, as larger tree size classes and older trees dominated it. Overall, the potential for woody carbon sequestration in this study was strongly associated with environmental variables. Additionally, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the study area might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, our study suggests that the development and implementation of a sustainable forest management plan is necessary to increase the carbon sequestration potential of this forest and mitigate climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=munessa%20forest" title="munessa forest">munessa forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20carbon%20stock" title=" woody carbon stock"> woody carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20mitigation" title=" climate mitigation"> climate mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176039/woody-carbon-stock-potentials-and-factor-affecting-their-storage-in-munessa-forest-southern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3566</span> Woody Carbon Stock Potentials and Factor Affecting Their Storage in Munessa Forest, Southern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengistu%20Gelasso%20Mojo">Mengistu Gelasso Mojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tropical forest is considered the most important forest ecosystem for mitigating climate change by sequestering a high amount of carbon. The potential carbon stock of the forest can be influenced by many factors. Therefore, studying these factors is crucial for understanding the determinants that affect the potential for woody carbon storage in the forest. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential for woody carbon stock and how it varies based on plant community types, as well as along altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest. Vegetation data was collected using systematic sampling. Five line transects were established at 100 m intervals along the altitudinal gradient between two consecutive transect lines. On each transect, 10 quadrats (20 x 20 m), separated by 200 m, were established. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results showed that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest was 210.43 ton/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon density varied significantly based on environmental factors, while community types had no significant effect. The highest mean carbon stock was found at middle altitudes (2367-2533 m.a.s.l), lower slopes (0-13%), and west-facing aspects. The Podocarpus falcatus-Croton macrostachyus community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock, as larger tree size classes and older trees dominated it. Overall, the potential for woody carbon sequestration in this study was strongly associated with environmental variables. Additionally, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the study area might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, our study suggests that the development and implementation of a sustainable forest management plan is necessary to increase the carbon sequestration potential of this forest and mitigate climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=munessa%20forest" title="munessa forest">munessa forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20carbon%20stock" title=" woody carbon stock"> woody carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20mitigation" title=" climate mitigation"> climate mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175912/woody-carbon-stock-potentials-and-factor-affecting-their-storage-in-munessa-forest-southern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3565</span> Carbon Supported Silver Nanostructures for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonali%20Panigrahy">Sonali Panigrahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjunatha%20K."> Manjunatha K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudip%20Barman"> Sudip Barman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrocatalytic reduction methods hold significant promise in addressing the urgent need to mitigate excessive greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂). A highly effective catalyst is essential for achieving the conversion of CO₂ into valuable products due to the complex, multi-electron, and multi-product nature of the CO₂ reduction process. The electrochemical reduction of CO₂, driven by renewable energy sources, presents a valuable opportunity for simultaneously reducing CO₂ emissions while generating valuable chemicals and fuels, with syngas being a noteworthy product. Silver-based electrodes have been the focus of extensive research due to their low overpotential and remarkable selectivity in promoting the generation of carbon monoxide (CO) in the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR). In this study, we delve into the synthesis of carbon-supported silver nanoparticles (Ag/C), which serve as efficient electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO₂. The as-prepared catalyst, Ag/C, is not only cost-effective but also highly proficient in facilitating the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into syngas, which is a customizable mixture of hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The highest faradic efficiency for the production of CO on Ag/C was calculated to be 56.4% at -1.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. The maximum partial current density for the generation of CO was determined to be -9.4 mA cm-2 at a potential of -1.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. This research demonstrates the potential of Ag/C as an electrocatalyst to enable the sustainable production of syngas, contributing to the reduction of CO₂ emissions and the synthesis of valuable chemical precursors and fuels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title="CO₂">CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20monooxide" title=" carbon monooxide"> carbon monooxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver" title=" silver"> silver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174856/carbon-supported-silver-nanostructures-for-electrochemical-carbon-dioxide-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3564</span> Deformation and Crystallization in a 7075-T651 Friction Stir Weld</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Paglia">C. S. Paglia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deformation and the crystallization in a 7075-T651 friction stir weld, in particular for regions directly in contact with the mechanical action of the rotating probe, have been investigated by means of optical microscopy. The investigation enabled to identify regions of the weld differently affected by the deformation caused by the welding process. The highly deformed grains in the horizontal direction close to the plate margin were indicative of shear movements along the horizontal plane, while highly deformed grains along the plate margin in the vertical direction were indicative of vertical shear movements of opposite directions, which superimposed the shear movement along the horizontal plane. The vertical shear movements were not homogeneous through the plate thickness. The microstructure indicated that after the probe passes, the grain growth may take place under static conditions. The small grains microstructure of the nugget region, formed after the main dynamic recrystallization process, develops to an equiaxed microstructure. A material transport influenced by the rotating shoulder was also observed from the trailing to the advancing side of the weld. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA7075-T651" title="AA7075-T651">AA7075-T651</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding" title=" friction stir welding"> friction stir welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124625/deformation-and-crystallization-in-a-7075-t651-friction-stir-weld" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3563</span> High-Yield Synthesis of Nanohybrid Shish-Kebab of Polyethylene on Carbon NanoFillers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Depan">Dilip Depan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austin%20Simoneaux"> Austin Simoneaux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Chirdon"> William Chirdon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Khattab"> Ahmed Khattab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we present a novel approach to synthesize polymer nanocomposites with nanohybrid shish-kebab architecture (NHSK). For this low-density and high density polyethylene (PE) was crystallized on various carbon nano-fillers using a novel and convenient method to prepare high-yield NHSK. Polymer crystals grew epitaxially on carbon nano-fillers using a solution crystallization method. The mixture of polymer and carbon fillers in xylene was flocculated and precipitated in ethanol to improve the product yield. Carbon nanofillers of varying diameter were also used as a nucleating template for polymer crystallization. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was characterized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to quantify the amount of crystalline polymer. Interestingly, whatever the diameter of the carbon nanofiller is, the lamellae of PE is always perpendicular to the long axis of nanofiller. Surface area analysis was performed using BET. Our results indicated that carbon nanofillers of varying diameter can be used to effectively nucleate the crystallization of polymer. The effect of molecular weight and concentration of the polymer was discussed on the basis of chain mobility and crystallization capability of the polymer matrix. Our work shows a facile, rapid, yet high-yield production method to form polymer nanocomposites to reveal application potential of NHSK architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title="carbon nanotubes">carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title=" polyethylene"> polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanohybrid%20shish-kebab" title=" nanohybrid shish-kebab"> nanohybrid shish-kebab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44039/high-yield-synthesis-of-nanohybrid-shish-kebab-of-polyethylene-on-carbon-nanofillers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3562</span> Research on the Public Policy of Vehicle Restriction under Traffic Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Qian">Wang Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bian%20Cheng%20Xiang"> Bian Cheng Xiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, with the improvement of China's urbanization level, the number of urban motor vehicles has grown rapidly. As residents' daily commuting necessities, cars cause a lot of exhaust emissions and urban traffic congestion. In the "Fourteenth Five Year Plan" of China, it is proposed to strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Urban transport accounts for a high proportion of carbon emission sources. It is an important driving force for the realization of China's carbon peak strategy. Some cities have introduced and implemented the policy of "car restriction" to solve related urban problems by reducing the use of cars. This paper analyzes the implementation of the "automobile restriction" policy, evaluates the relevant effects of the automobile restriction policy, and discusses how to better optimize the "automobile restriction" policy in the process of urban governance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emission" title="carbon emission">carbon emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20jams" title=" traffic jams"> traffic jams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20restrictions" title=" vehicle restrictions"> vehicle restrictions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluate" title=" evaluate"> evaluate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159386/research-on-the-public-policy-of-vehicle-restriction-under-traffic-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3561</span> Fabricating Sheets of Mg-Zn Alloys by Thermomechanical Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min">Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, hot-rolled sheets of Mg-xZn alloy s(x=6, 8, and 10 weight percent) were produced by employing casting, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, and annealing processes subsequently. Effect of Zn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn alloys were also investigated in each process. Through calculation of phase equilibria of Mg-Zn alloys, solution treatment temperature was decided as temperatures from 350 oC, where supersaturated solid solution can be obtained. After solution treatment, hot rolling was successfully conducted by reduction of 60%. Compression and tension tests were carried out at room temperature on the samples as-cast, solution treated, hot-rolled and recrystallized after rolling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mg-Zn%20alloy" title="Mg-Zn alloy">Mg-Zn alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20rolling" title=" hot rolling"> hot rolling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47844/fabricating-sheets-of-mg-zn-alloys-by-thermomechanical-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3560</span> Critical Review of Oceanic and Geological Storage of Carbon Sequestration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Nooshadi">Milad Nooshadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Manzardo"> Alessandro Manzardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere continue to rise, mostly as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels. CO₂ injection into the oceans and geological formation as a process of physical carbon capture are two of the most promising emerging strategies for mitigating climate change and global warming. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the two mentioned methods of CO₂ sequestration and to assess information on previous and current advancements, limitations, and uncertainties associated with carbon sequestration in order to identify possible prospects for ensuring the timely implementation of the technology, such as determining how governments and companies can gain a better understanding of CO₂ storage in terms of which media have the most applicable capacity, which type of injection has the fewer environmental impact, and how much carbon sequestration and storage will cost. The behavior of several forms is characterized as a near field, a far field, and a see-floor in ocean storage, and three medias in geological formations as an oil and gas reservoir, a saline aquifer, and a coal bed. To determine the capacity of various forms of media, an analysis of some models and practical experiments are necessary. Additionally, as a major component of sequestration, the various injection methods into diverse media and their monitoring are associated with a variety of environmental impacts and financial consequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title="carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20storage" title=" ocean storage"> ocean storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geologic%20storage" title=" geologic storage"> geologic storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20transportation" title=" carbon transportation"> carbon transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161056/critical-review-of-oceanic-and-geological-storage-of-carbon-sequestration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3559</span> Towards Carbon-Free Communities: A Compilation of Urban Design Criteria for Sustainable Neighborhoods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atefeh%20Kalantari">Atefeh Kalantari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in population and energy consumption has caused environmental crises such as the energy crisis, increased pollution, and climate change, all of which have resulted in a decline in the quality of life, especially in urban environments. Iran is one of the developing countries which faces several challenges concerning energy use and environmental sustainability such as air pollution, climate change, and energy security. On the other hand, due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Sustainable development programs and post-carbon cities rely on implementing energy policies in different sectors of society, particularly, the built environment sector is one of the main ones responsible for energy consumption and carbon emissions for cities. Because of this, several advancements and programs are being implemented to promote energy efficiency for urban planning, and city experts, like others, are looking for solutions to deal with these problems. Among the solutions provided for this purpose, low-carbon design can be mentioned. Among the different scales, the neighborhood can be mentioned as a suitable scale for applying the principles and solutions of low-carbon urban design; Because the neighborhood as a "building unit of the city" includes elements and flows that all affect the number of CO2 emissions. The article aims to provide criteria for designing a low-carbon and carbon-free neighborhood through descriptive methods and secondary data analysis. The ultimate goal is to promote energy efficiency and create a more resilient and livable environment for local residents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-carbon%20urban%20design" title=" low-carbon urban design"> low-carbon urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon-free%20neighborhood" title=" carbon-free neighborhood"> carbon-free neighborhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164911/towards-carbon-free-communities-a-compilation-of-urban-design-criteria-for-sustainable-neighborhoods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3558</span> Reverse Logistics, Green Supply Chain, and Carbon Trading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Asthana">Neha Asthana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Krishna%20Prasad"> Vishal Krishna Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reverse logistics and green supply chain form an interconnected and interwoven network of parameters that contribute to enhancement and incremental exchange in the triple bottom line in the consistently changing and fragmenting markets of the globalizing markets of today. Reverse logistics not only contributes to completing the supply chain in a comprehensive and synchronized manner but also contributes to a significant degree in optimizing green supply chains through procedures such as recycling, refurbishing etc. contributing to waste reduction. Carbon trading, owing to its limitations in the global context and being in a nascent stage seeks plethora of research to determine its full application in synergy with reverse logistics and green supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20logistics" title="reverse logistics">reverse logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20trading" title=" carbon trading"> carbon trading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emissions" title=" carbon emissions"> carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20supply%20chain" title=" green supply chain"> green supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11570/reverse-logistics-green-supply-chain-and-carbon-trading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3557</span> Carbon Blacks: A Broad Type of Carbon Materials with Different Electrocatalytic Activity to Produce H₂O₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Ram%C3%ADrez">Alvaro Ramírez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mart%C3%ADn%20Mu%C3%B1oz-Morales"> Martín Muñoz-Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ester%20L%C3%B3pez-%20Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Ester López- Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Llanos"> Javier Llanos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ania"> C. Ania</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon blacks are value-added materials typically produced through the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. Traditionally, they have been used as catalysts in many different applications, but in the last decade, their potential in green chemistry has gained significant attention. Among them, the electrochemical production of H₂O₂ has attracted interest because of their properties as high oxidant capacity or their industrial interest as a bleaching agent. Carbon blacks are commonly used in this application in a catalytic ink that is drop-casted on supporting electrodes and acts as catalysts for the electrochemical production of H₂O₂ through oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the different structural and electrochemical behaviors of each type of carbon black influence their applications. In this line, the term ‘carbon black’, has to be considered as a generic name that does not guarantee any physicochemical properties if any further description is mentioned. In fact, different specific surface area (SSA), surface functional groups, porous structure, and electro catalysts effect seem very important for electrochemical applications, and considerable differences were found during the analysis of four types of carbon blacks. Thus, the aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of SSA, porous structure, oxygen functional groups, and structural defects to differentiate among these carbon blacks (e.g. Vulcan XC72, Superior Graphite Co, Printex XE2, and Prolabo) for H₂O₂ production via ORR, using carbon paper as electrode support with improved selectivity and efficiency. Results indicate that the number and size of pores, along with surface functional groups, are key parameters that significantly affect the overall process efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20blacks" title="carbon blacks">carbon blacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20reduction%20reaction" title=" oxygen reduction reaction"> oxygen reduction reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20peroxide" title=" hydrogen peroxide"> hydrogen peroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20functional%20groups" title=" surface functional groups"> surface functional groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185526/carbon-blacks-a-broad-type-of-carbon-materials-with-different-electrocatalytic-activity-to-produce-h2o2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3556</span> Effective Water Purification by Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raviteja%20Chintala">Raviteja Chintala </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water shortage in many areas of the world have predominantly increased the demand for efficient methods involved in the production of drinking water, So purification of water invoking cost effective and efficient methods is a challenging field of research. In this regard, Reverse osmosis membrane desalination of both seawater and inland brackish water is currently being deployed in various locations around the world. In the present work an attempt is made to integrate these existing technologies with novel method, Wherein carbon nanotubes at the lab scale are prepared which further replace activated carbon tubes being used traditionally. This has proven to enhance the efficiency of the water filter, Effectively neutralising most of the organic impurities. Furthermore, This ensures the reduction in TDS. Carbon nanotubes have wide range in scope of applications such as composite reinforcements, Field emitters, Sensors, Energy storage and energy conversion devices and catalysts support phases, Because of their unusual mechanical, Electrical, Thermal and structural properties. In particular, The large specific surface area, as well as the high chemical and thermal stability, Makes carbon nanotube an attractive adsorbent in waste water treatment. Carbon nanotubes are effective in eliminating these harmful media from water as an adsorbent. In this work, Candle soot method has been incorporated for the preparation of carbon nanotubes and mixed with activated charcoal in different compositions. The effect of composition change is monitored by using TDS measuring meter. As the composition of Nano carbon increases, The TDS of the water gradually decreases. In order to enhance the life time for carbon filter, Nano tubes are provided with larger surface area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDS%20%28Total%20Dissolved%20Solids%29" title="TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)">TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candle%20soot" title=" candle soot"> candle soot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3674/effective-water-purification-by-impregnated-carbon-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3555</span> Alloying Effect on Hot Workability of M42 High Speed Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, and Nb addition on the microstructure and hot workability of cast M42 tool steels, basically consisting of 1.0C, 0.2Mn, 3.8Cr, 1.5W, 8.5Co, 9.2Mo, and 1.0V in weight percent has been investigated. Tool steels containing Si of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.%, Al of 0.06 and 0.12 wt.%, Ti of 0.3 wt.%, Zr of 0.3 wt.%, and Nb of 0.3 wt.% were cast into ingots of 140 mm´ 140 mm´ 330 mm by vacuum induction melting. After solution treatment at 1150°C for 1.5 hrs. followed by furnace cooling, hot rolling at 1180 °C was conducted on the ingots. Addition of titanium, zirconium and niobium was found to retard the decomposition of the eutectic carbides and result in the deterioration of hot workability of the tool steels, while addition of aluminium and silicon showed relatively well decomposed carbide structure and resulted in sound hot rolled plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20steels" title="high speed steels">high speed steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloying%20elements" title=" alloying elements"> alloying elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbides" title=" eutectic carbides"> eutectic carbides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20workability" title=" hot workability"> hot workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7125/alloying-effect-on-hot-workability-of-m42-high-speed-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3554</span> Experimental Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operated with Nano Fiber and Nano Fiber/Nano Particle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevser%20Dincer">Kevser Dincer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basma%20Waisi"> Basma Waisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ozan%20Ozdemir"> M. Ozan Ozdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Pasaogullari"> Ugur Pasaogullari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20McCutcheon"> Jeffrey McCutcheon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanofibers are defined as fibers with diameters less than 100 nanometers. They can be produced by interfacial polymerization, electrospinning and electrostatic spinning. In this study, behaviours of activated carbon nano fiber (ACNF), carbon nano-fiber (CNF), Polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube (PAN/CNT), Polyvinyl alcohol/nano silver (PVA/Ag) in PEM fuel cells are investigated experimentally. This material was used as gas diffusion layer (GDL) in PEM fuel cells. When the performances of these cells are compared to each other at 5x5 cm2 cell, it is found that the PVA/Ag exhibits the best performance among all. In this work, nano fiber and nano fiber/nano particles electrical conductivities have been studied to understand their effects on PEM fuel cell performance. According to the experimental results, the maximum electrical conductivity performance of the fuel cell with nanofiber was found to be at PVA/Ag. The electrical conductivities of CNF, ACNF, PAN/CNT are lower for PEM. The resistance of cell with PVA/Ag is lower than the resistance of cell with PAN/CNT, ACNF, CNF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cells" title="proton exchange membrane fuel cells">proton exchange membrane fuel cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nano%20fiber" title=" carbon nano fiber"> carbon nano fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activate%20carbon%20nano-fiber" title=" activate carbon nano-fiber"> activate carbon nano-fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVA%20fiber" title=" PVA fiber"> PVA fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAN%20fiber" title=" PAN fiber"> PAN fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particle%20nanocomposites" title=" nano particle nanocomposites"> nano particle nanocomposites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38111/experimental-investigation-of-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells-operated-with-nano-fiber-and-nano-fibernano-particle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3553</span> Microstructures and Mechanical Property of ti6al4v - a Comparison between Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Spark Plasma Sintering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Karimi">Javad Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashanth%20Konda%20Gokuldoss"> Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microstructural inhomogeneity in additively manufactured materials affects the material properties. The present study aims in minimizing such microstructural inhomogeneity in Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) from the gas atomized powder. A detailed and systematic study of the effect of remelting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V manufactured by SLM was compared with electron beam melting and spark plasma sintering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti6Al4V" title=" Ti6Al4V"> Ti6Al4V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129821/microstructures-and-mechanical-property-of-ti6al4v-a-comparison-between-selective-laser-melting-electron-beam-melting-and-spark-plasma-sintering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3552</span> Carbon Sequestration in Spatio-Temporal Vegetation Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nothando%20Gwazani">Nothando Gwazani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Marembo"> K. R. Marembo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from fossil fuel and land use change necessitates identification of strategies for mitigating threats associated with global warming. Oceans are insufficient to offset the accelerating rate of carbon emission. However, the challenges of oceans as a source of reducing carbon footprint can be effectively overcome by the storage of carbon in terrestrial carbon sinks. The gases with special optical properties that are responsible for climate warming include carbon dioxide (CO₂), water vapors, methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), stratospheric ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s). Amongst these, CO₂ plays a crucial role as it contributes to 50% of the total greenhouse effect and has been linked to climate change. Because plants act as carbon sinks, interest in terrestrial carbon sequestration has increased in an effort to explore opportunities for climate change mitigation. Removal of carbon from the atmosphere is a topical issue that addresses one important aspect of an overall strategy for carbon management namely to help mitigate the increasing emissions of CO₂. Thus, terrestrial ecosystems have gained importance for their potential to sequester carbon and reduce carbon sink in oceans, which have a substantial impact on the ocean species. Field data and electromagnetic spectrum bands were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2, QGIS 2.8 and ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 to examine the vegetation distribution. Satellite remote sensing data coupled with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was employed to assess future potential changes in vegetation distributions in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The observed 5-year interval analysis examines the amount of carbon absorbed using vegetation distribution. In 2015, the numerical results showed low vegetation distribution, therefore increased the acidity of the oceans and gravely affected fish species and corals. The outcomes suggest that the study area could be effectively utilized for carbon sequestration so as to mitigate ocean acidification. The vegetation changes measured through this investigation suggest an environmental shift and reduced vegetation carbon sink, and that threatens biodiversity and ecosystem. In order to sustain the amount of carbon in the terrestrial ecosystems, the identified ecological factors should be enhanced through the application of good land and forest management practices. This will increase the carbon stock of terrestrial ecosystems thereby reducing direct loss to the atmosphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20dynamics" title=" vegetation dynamics"> vegetation dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title=" carbon sequestration"> carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrestrial%20carbon%20sink" title=" terrestrial carbon sink"> terrestrial carbon sink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84332/carbon-sequestration-in-spatio-temporal-vegetation-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3551</span> Multi-Scale Damage Modelling for Microstructure Dependent Short Fiber Reinforced Composite Structure Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Fitoussi">Joseph Fitoussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadali%20Shirinbayan"> Mohammadali Shirinbayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Tcharkhtchi"> Abbas Tcharkhtchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to material flow during processing, short fiber reinforced composites structures obtained by injection or compression molding generally present strong spatial microstructure variation. On the other hand, quasi-static, dynamic, and fatigue behavior of these materials are highly dependent on microstructure parameters such as fiber orientation distribution. Indeed, because of complex damage mechanisms, SFRC structures design is a key challenge for safety and reliability. In this paper, we propose a micromechanical model allowing prediction of damage behavior of real structures as a function of microstructure spatial distribution. To this aim, a statistical damage criterion including strain rate and fatigue effect at the local scale is introduced into a Mori and Tanaka model. A critical local damage state is identified, allowing fatigue life prediction. Moreover, the multi-scale model is coupled with an experimental intrinsic link between damage under monotonic loading and fatigue life in order to build an abacus giving Tsai-Wu failure criterion parameters as a function of microstructure and targeted fatigue life. On the other hand, the micromechanical damage model gives access to the evolution of the anisotropic stiffness tensor of SFRC submitted to complex thermomechanical loading, including quasi-static, dynamic, and cyclic loading with temperature and amplitude variations. Then, the latter is used to fill out microstructure dependent material cards in finite element analysis for design optimization in the case of complex loading history. The proposed methodology is illustrated in the case of a real automotive component made of sheet molding compound (PSA 3008 tailgate). The obtained results emphasize how the proposed micromechanical methodology opens a new path for the automotive industry to lighten vehicle bodies and thereby save energy and reduce gas emission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20fiber%20reinforced%20composite" title="short fiber reinforced composite">short fiber reinforced composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromechanical%20modelling" title=" micromechanical modelling"> micromechanical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue" title=" fatigue"> fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20rate%20effect" title=" strain rate effect"> strain rate effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119982/multi-scale-damage-modelling-for-microstructure-dependent-short-fiber-reinforced-composite-structure-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3550</span> Reasons for the Slow Uptake of Embodied Carbon Estimation in the Sri Lankan Building Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amalka%20Nawarathna">Amalka Nawarathna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirodha%20Fernando"> Nirodha Fernando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaid%20Alwan"> Zaid Alwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global carbon reduction is not merely a responsibility of environmentally advanced developed countries, but also a responsibility of developing countries regardless of their less impact on global carbon emissions. In recognition of that, Sri Lanka as a developing country has initiated promoting green building construction as one reduction strategy. However, notwithstanding the increasing attention on Embodied Carbon (EC) reduction in the global building sector, they still mostly focus on Operational Carbon (OC) reduction (through improving operational energy). An adequate attention has not yet been given on EC estimation and reduction. Therefore, this study aims to identify the reasons for the slow uptake of EC estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. To achieve this aim, 16 numbers of global barriers to estimate EC were identified through existing literature. They were then subjected to a pilot survey to identify the significant reasons for the slow uptake of EC estimation in the Sri Lankan building sector. A questionnaire with a three-point Likert scale was used to this end. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 11 out of 16 challenges/ barriers are highly relevant as reasons for the slow uptake in estimating EC in buildings in Sri Lanka while the other five challenges/ barriers remain as moderately relevant reasons. Further, the findings revealed that there are no low relevant reasons. Eventually, the paper concluded that all the known reasons are significant to the Sri Lankan building sector and it is necessary to address them in order to upturn the attention on EC reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20carbon%20emissions" title="embodied carbon emissions">embodied carbon emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20carbon%20estimation" title=" embodied carbon estimation"> embodied carbon estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20carbon%20reduction" title=" global carbon reduction"> global carbon reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lankan%20building%20sector" title=" Sri Lankan building sector"> Sri Lankan building sector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82999/reasons-for-the-slow-uptake-of-embodied-carbon-estimation-in-the-sri-lankan-building-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3549</span> Aging Effect on Mechanical Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonho%20Moon">Jeonho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, and Nb addition on the microstructure and hot workability of cast M42 tool steels, basically consisting of 1.0 C, 0.2 Mn, 3.8 Cr, 1.5 W, 8.5 Co, 9.2 Mo, and 1.0 V in weight percent has been investigated. Tool steels containing Si of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.%, Al of 0.06 and 0.12 wt.%, Ti of 0.3 wt.%, Zr of 0.3 wt.%, and Nb of 0.3wt.% were cast into ingots of 140 mm x 140 mm x 330 mm by vacuum induction melting. After solution treatment at 1150 °C for 1.5 hr followed by furnace cooling, hot rolling at 1180 °C was conducted on the ingots. Addition of titanium, zirconium and niobium was found to retard the decomposition of the eutectic carbides and result in the deterioration of hot workability of the tool steels, while addition of aluminum and silicon showed relatively well decomposed carbide structure and resulted in sound hot rolled plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20stainless%20steel" title="duplex stainless steel">duplex stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloying%20elements" title=" alloying elements"> alloying elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbides" title=" eutectic carbides"> eutectic carbides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20workability" title=" hot workability"> hot workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34983/aging-effect-on-mechanical-behavior-of-duplex-stainless-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3548</span> Comparative Evaluation of Kinetic Model of Chromium and Lead Uptake from Aqueous Solution by Activated Balanitesaegyptiaca Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Umar%20Manko">Mohammed Umar Manko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of batch experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of Balanitesaegyptiaca seeds based activated carbon as compared with industrial activated carbon for the removal of chromium and lead ions from aqueous solution by the adsorption process within 30 to 150 minutes contact time. The activated samples were prepared using zinc chloride and tetraoxophophate(VI) acid. The results obtained showed that the activated carbon of Balanitesaegyptiaca seeds studied had relatively high adsorption capacities for these heavy metal ions compared with industrial Activated Carbon. The percentage removal of Cr (VI) and lead (II) ions by the three activated carbon samples were 64%, 70% and 71%; 60%, 66% and 60% respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was established in 90 minutes for the heavy metal ions. The equilibrium data fitted the pseudo second order out of the pseudo first, pseudo second, Elovich ,Natarajan and Khalaf models tested. The investigation also showed that the adsorbents can effectively remove metal ions from similar wastewater and aqueous media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20second%20order" title=" pseudo second order"> pseudo second order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elovich%20model" title=" Elovich model"> Elovich model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33081/comparative-evaluation-of-kinetic-model-of-chromium-and-lead-uptake-from-aqueous-solution-by-activated-balanitesaegyptiaca-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3547</span> Cold Spray Fabrication of Coating for Highly Corrosive Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harminder%20Singh">Harminder Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold spray is a novel and emerging technology for the fabrication of coating. In this study, coating is successfully developed by this process on superalloy surface. The selected coating composition is already proved as corrosion resistant. The microstructure of the newly developed coating is examined by various characterization techniques, for testing its suitability for high temperature corrosive conditions of waste incinerator. The energy producing waste incinerators are still running at low efficiency, mainly due to their chlorine based highly corrosive conditions. The characterization results show that the developed cold sprayed coating structure is suitable for its further testing in highly aggressive conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title="coating">coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20spray" title=" cold spray"> cold spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43306/cold-spray-fabrication-of-coating-for-highly-corrosive-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3546</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose-Based Halloysite-Carbon Adsorbent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Frydel">Laura Frydel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20M.%20Slomkiewicz"> Piotr M. Slomkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Szczepanik"> Beata Szczepanik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Triclosan has been used as a disinfectant in many medical products, such as: hand disinfectant soaps, creams, mouthwashes, pastes and household cleaners. Due to its strong antimicrobial activity, triclosan is becoming more and more popular and the consumption of disinfectants with triclosan in it is increasing. As a result, this compound increasingly finds its way into waters and soils in an unchanged form, pollutes the environment and may have a negative effect on organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the synthesis of cellulose-based halloysite-carbon adsorbent and perform its characterization. The template in the halloysite-carbon adsorbent was halloysite nanotubes and the carbon precursor was microcrystalline cellulose. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained and the elementary composition (qualitative and quantitative) of the sample was determined by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The identification of the crystallographic composition of the halloysite nanotubes and the sample of the halloysite-carbon composite was carried out using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) method. The FTIR spectra were acquired before and after the adsorption process in order to determine the functional groups on the adsorbent surface and confirm the interactions between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. The parameters of the porous structure of the adsorbent, such as the specific surface area (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), the total pore volume and the volume of mesopores and micropores were determined. Total carbon and total organic carbon were also determined in the samples. A cellulose-based halloysite-carbon adsorbent was used to remove triclosan from water. The degree of removal of triclosan from water was approximately 90%. The results indicate that the halloysite-carbon composite can be successfully used as an effective adsorbent for removing triclosan from water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halloysite" title=" halloysite"> halloysite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triclosan" title=" triclosan"> triclosan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131735/synthesis-and-characterization-of-cellulose-based-halloysite-carbon-adsorbent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20microstructure&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20microstructure&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20microstructure&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20microstructure&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20microstructure&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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