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id="toc-Origin_of_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin of term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disputes_over_the_extent_of_the_Riviera_and_the_Côte_d'Azur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputes_over_the_extent_of_the_Riviera_and_the_Côte_d'Azur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Disputes over the extent of the Riviera and the Côte d'Azur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputes_over_the_extent_of_the_Riviera_and_the_Côte_d'Azur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_prehistory_to_the_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_prehistory_to_the_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>From prehistory to the Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_prehistory_to_the_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Greek influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_colonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Roman colonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbarians_and_Christians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbarians_and_Christians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Barbarians and Christians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbarians_and_Christians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Counts_of_Provence_and_the_House_of_Grimaldi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Counts_of_Provence_and_the_House_of_Grimaldi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>The Counts of Provence and the House of Grimaldi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Counts_of_Provence_and_the_House_of_Grimaldi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity_with_the_British_upper_class_in_18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_with_the_British_upper_class_in_18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Popularity with the British upper class in 18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_with_the_British_upper_class_in_18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway,_gambling_and_royalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway,_gambling_and_royalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Railway, gambling and royalty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway,_gambling_and_royalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-war_period,_American_visitors_and_decline_of_the_aristocracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_period,_American_visitors_and_decline_of_the_aristocracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Inter-war period, American visitors and decline of the aristocracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_period,_American_visitors_and_decline_of_the_aristocracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_period_and_late_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_period_and_late_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Post-war period and late 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_period_and_late_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coastal_municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal_municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coastal municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal_municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nice_and_Alpes-Maritimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nice_and_Alpes-Maritimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Nice and Alpes-Maritimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nice_and_Alpes-Maritimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Var" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Var"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Var</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Var-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Events and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Painters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Painters_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Painters_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Painters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Painters_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French Riviera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_Riviera" title="Franse Riviera – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franse Riviera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الريفييرا الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الريفييرا الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Azul" title="Costa Azul – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Costa Azul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laciv%C9%99rd_sahil" title="Lacivərd sahil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lacivərd sahil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Блакітны Бераг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блакітны Бераг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Лазурны Бераг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лазурны Бераг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B3" title="Лазурен бряг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лазурен бряг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Blava" title="Costa Blava – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Costa Blava" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_Rivi%C3%A9ra" title="Francouzská Riviéra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská Riviéra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivieraen" title="Rivieraen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rivieraen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur" title="Côte d’Azur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Côte d’Azur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AE" title="Κυανή Ακτή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυανή Ακτή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riviera_Francesa" title="Riviera Francesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riviera Francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazura_Marbordo" title="Lazura Marbordo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lazura Marbordo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosta_Urdina" title="Kosta Urdina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kosta Urdina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کوت دازور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوت دازور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riv%C3%A9ara_na_Fraince" title="Rivéara na Fraince – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rivéara na Fraince" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%8B%A4%EC%A5%90%EB%A5%B4" title="코트다쥐르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코트다쥐르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Լազուր ափ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լազուր ափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azura_Marbordo" title="Azura Marbordo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Azura Marbordo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Azzurra" title="Costa Azzurra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costa Azzurra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הריביירה הצרפתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הריביירה הצרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლაჟვარდოვანი ნაპირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაჟვარდოვანი ნაპირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C5%ABra_krasts" title="Azūra krasts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Azūra krasts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzijos_Rivjera" title="Prancūzijos Rivjera – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzijos Rivjera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_Rivi%C3%A9ra" title="Francia Riviéra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia Riviéra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Азурен Брег – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азурен Брег" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="कोत दाझ्युर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोत दाझ्युर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="コート・ダジュール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コート・ダジュール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivieraen" title="Rivieraen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rivieraen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2sta_d%27Azur" title="Còsta d'Azur – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Còsta d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojuvard_sohili" title="Lojuvard sohili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lojuvard sohili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazurowe_Wybrze%C5%BCe" title="Lazurowe Wybrzeże – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lazurowe Wybrzeże" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Azul" title="Costa Azul – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costa Azul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coasta_de_Azur" title="Coasta de Azur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coasta de Azur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Лазурный Берег – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лазурный Берег" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riviera_franceze" title="Riviera franceze – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Riviera franceze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Riviera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%BArov%C3%A9_pobre%C5%BEie" title="Azúrové pobrežie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Azúrové pobrežie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azurna_obala" title="Azurna obala – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azurna obala" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Азурна обала – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азурна обала" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_rivijera" title="Francuska rivijera – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska rivijera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_Riviera" title="Ranskan Riviera – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan Riviera" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_rivieran" title="Franska rivieran – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska rivieran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โกตดาซูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โกตดาซูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Rivieras%C4%B1" title="Fransız Rivierası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransız Rivierası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B2%27%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Французька Рив'єра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька Рив'єра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Côte d'Azur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Côte d'Azur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%9A%E8%97%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" title="蔚藍海岸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蔚藍海岸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182822#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="View the 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_Riviera&params=43_19_12_N_06_39_54_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°19′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">06°39′54″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.32000°N 6.66500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.32000; 6.66500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mediterranean coast in Southeastern France and Monaco</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Côte d'Azur" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Côte d'Azur (disambiguation)">Côte d'Azur (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Blue Coast" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Blue_Coast_Records" title="Blue Coast Records">Blue Coast Records</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Riviera</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">French Riviera</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Côte d'Azur</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:80%;"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Còsta d'Azur</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Riviera" title="Riviera">Riviera</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg/270px-%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg/405px-%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg/540px-%C3%88ze_und_Cap_Ferrat-Grande_Corniche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5102" data-file-height="2703" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/134px-Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/201px-Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/268px-Promenade_des_Anglais_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3790" data-file-height="2517" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:83990_Saint-Tropez,_France_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/134px-83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/201px-83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/268px-83990_Saint-Tropez%2C_France_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg/270px-Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg/405px-Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg/540px-Real_Monte_Carlo_Casino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2278" data-file-height="1519" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%"><b>Clockwise from top</b>: a view of <a href="/wiki/%C3%88ze" title="Èze">Èze</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a>; old town of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a>; <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Casino" title="Monte Carlo Casino">Monte Carlo Casino</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a>; and the city centre of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png/250px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png/375px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png/500px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_overview_map.png 2x" data-file-width="7377" data-file-height="4561" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=French_Riviera&params=43_19_12_N_06_39_54_E_type:landmark_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°19′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">06°39′54″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.32000°N 6.66500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.32000; 6.66500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cotedazurfrance.fr">cotedazurfrance<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg/220px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg/330px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg/440px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>French Riviera</b>, known in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> as the <b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Côte d'Azur</span></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kot<span class="wrap"> </span>dazyʁ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a>: <i lang="oc">Còsta d'Azur</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈkwɔstɔ<span class="wrap"> </span>daˈzyʀ]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Azure_(color)" title="Azure (color)">Azure</a> Coast</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), is the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coastline of the southeast corner of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. There is no official boundary, but it is considered to be the coastal area of the <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> <a href="/wiki/Department_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department (France)">department</a>, extending from the rock formation <a href="/wiki/Massif_de_l%27Esterel" title="Massif de l'Esterel">Massif de l'Esterel</a> to <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Italy_border" title="France–Italy border">France–Italy border</a>, although some other sources place the western boundary further west around <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coast is entirely within the <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a> of France. The <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">semi-enclave</a> within the region, surrounded on three sides by France and fronting the Mediterranean. The French Riviera contains the seaside resorts of <a href="/wiki/Cap-d%27Ail" title="Cap-d'Ail">Cap-d'Ail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu-sur-Mer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche-sur-Mer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan-les-Pins" title="Juan-les-Pins">Juan-les-Pins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theoule-sur-Mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoule-sur-Mer">Theoule-sur-Mer</a>. </p><p><i>Riviera</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word that originates from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Ligurian territory</a> of Italy, wedged between the <a href="/wiki/Var_(river)" title="Var (river)">Var</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magra" title="Magra">Magra</a> rivers. <i>Côte d'Azur</i> is originally a nickname given by France to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a> after its annexation in 1860, because the climate was similar to that of the north of Italy, even in winter, with "a sky as blue as its sea". When the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">Mistral</a> (Northwest) and the <a href="/wiki/Tramontane" title="Tramontane">Tramontane</a> (North) winds are blowing in the <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> areas, the temperature of the Mediterranean can be very cool in summer. This phenomenon is observed very little or not at all on the coast between the French Riviera and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Riviera" title="Italian Riviera">Italian Riviera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This coastline was one of the first modern <a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">resort</a> areas. It began as a winter health resort for the British upper class at the end of the 18th century. With the arrival of the railway in the mid-19th century, it became the playground and vacation spot of British, Russian, and other aristocrats, such as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Tsar Alexander II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">King Edward VII</a>, when he was <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Prince of Wales</a>. In the summer, it also played home to many members of the <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschild family</a>. In the first half of the 20th century, it was frequented by artists and writers, including <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artist)" title="Francis Bacon (artist)">Francis Bacon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset Maugham">Somerset Maugham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, as well as wealthy Americans and Europeans. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it became a popular tourist destination and convention site. Many celebrities, such as <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>, have homes in the region. </p><p>Officially, the French Riviera is home to 163 nationalities with 83,962 foreign residents,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although estimates of the number of non-French nationals living in the area are often much higher.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its largest city is <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, which has a population of 340,017 as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-pop2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the centre of a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole" title="Métropole">métropole</a></i></span>—<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur">Nice-Côte d'Azur</a>—bringing together 49 communes and more than 540,000 inhabitants and 943,000 in the urban area. Nice is home to <a href="/wiki/Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur_Airport" title="Nice Côte d'Azur Airport">Nice Côte d'Azur Airport</a>, France's third-busiest airport (after <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orly_Airport" title="Orly Airport">Orly Airport</a>), which is on an area of partially reclaimed coastal land at the western end of the <a href="/wiki/Promenade_des_Anglais" title="Promenade des Anglais">Promenade des Anglais</a>. A second airport at <a href="/wiki/Cannes_%E2%80%93_Mandelieu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannes – Mandelieu Airport">Mandelieu</a> was once the region's commercial airport,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is now mainly used by private and business aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/A8_autoroute" title="A8 autoroute">A8 autoroute</a> runs through the region, as does the old main road generally known as the <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_7" title="Route nationale 7">Route nationale 7</a> (officially now DN7 in <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a> and D6007 in <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-speed trains serve the coastal region and inland to <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> <a href="/wiki/LGV_Sud-Est" title="LGV Sud-Est">Sud-Est</a> service reaching <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Nice-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Nice-Ville">Nice-Ville station</a> in five and a half hours from Paris. The French Riviera has a total population of more than two million. It is home to a high tech and science park (French: <i>technopole</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Sophia-Antipolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia-Antipolis">Sophia-Antipolis</a> (north of <a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>) and a research and technology centre at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nice_Sophia_Antipolis" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nice Sophia Antipolis">University of Nice Sophia Antipolis</a>. The region has 35,000 students, of whom 25 percent are working toward a doctorate.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French Riviera is a major <a href="/wiki/Yachting" title="Yachting">yachting</a> and cruising area with several marinas along its coast. According to the Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency, each year the Riviera hosts 50 percent of the world's <a href="/wiki/Superyacht" title="Superyacht">superyacht</a> fleet, with 90 percent of all superyachts visiting the region's coast at least once in their lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a tourist centre, the French Riviera benefits from 310 to 330 days of sunshine per year, 115 kilometres (71 miles) of coastline and beaches, 18 golf courses, 14 ski resorts and 3,000 restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_term">Origin of term</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin of term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Hercules,_Monaco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg/220px-Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg/330px-Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg/440px-Port_Hercules%2C_Monaco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Port_Hercules" title="Port Hercules">Port Hercules</a>, Monaco</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>French Riviera</i> comes by analogy with the term <a href="/wiki/Italian_Riviera" title="Italian Riviera">Italian Riviera</a>, which extends east of the French Riviera (from <a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventimiglia, Italy">Ventimiglia</a> to <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as the 19th century, the British referred to the region as the <i>Riviera</i> or the <i>French Riviera</i>, usually referring to the eastern part of the coast, between Monaco and the Italian border.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Riviera</i> is an Italian noun which means "coastline".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Côte d'Azur</i> was given to the coast by the writer <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phen_Li%C3%A9geard" title="Stéphen Liégeard">Stéphen Liégeard</a> in his book, <i>La Côte d’azur</i>, published in December 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liégeard was born in <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a>, in the French department of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>, and adapted that name by substituting the azure colour of the Mediterranean for the gold of Côte-d'Or.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Niçard language">Niçard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a>) and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the only usual names are <i>Còsta d'Azur</i> in Occitan and <i>Côte d'Azur</i> in French.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A term like "French Riviera" (<i>Ribiera Francesa</i> in Occitan, <i>Riviera Française</i> in French) would only be used in literal translation, or adaptations of it. For instance, in French, "Riviera Française" is found in the online <a href="/wiki/Grand_Larousse_encyclop%C3%A9dique#Online_version" title="Grand Larousse encyclopédique">Larousse encyclopedia</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to refer to the holidays of a group of English workers (moreover, in Occitan, the word <i>ribiera</i> "coastline" mostly works as a common name, whereas in French, the old-fashioned term <i>Rivière de Gênes</i> was used to refer to the Italian Riviera whose center is <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poster by David Dellepiane (1866–1932)"><img alt="Poster by David Dellepiane (1866–1932)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg/128px-Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg/192px-Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg/256px-Dellepiane-C%C3%B4te-d%27Azur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poster by <a href="/wiki/David_Dellepiane" title="David Dellepiane">David Dellepiane</a> (1866–1932)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The French riviera between Beaulieu-sur-Mer and Cap-d'Ail, as seen from Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat"><img alt="The French riviera between Beaulieu-sur-Mer and Cap-d'Ail, as seen from Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG/290px-Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG/434px-Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG/579px-Coted%27Azur-Beaulieu-France.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The French riviera between <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu-sur-Mer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cap-d%27Ail" title="Cap-d'Ail">Cap-d'Ail</a>, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Agay, a seaside resort in Saint-Raphaël"><img alt="Agay, a seaside resort in Saint-Raphaël" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG/240px-Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG/360px-Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG/480px-Agay_vu_du_Dramont.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Agay, a seaside resort in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cap-Roux and the Corniche d'Or in the calanque of Anthéor, Massif de l'Esterel"><img alt="Cap-Roux and the Corniche d'Or in the calanque of Anthéor, Massif de l'Esterel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg/320px-Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg/480px-Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg/640px-Calanque_du_Petit_Canereit-Massif_de_l%27Esterel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6225" data-file-height="3502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cap-Roux and the Corniche d'Or in the <a href="/wiki/Calanque" title="Calanque">calanque</a> of Anthéor, <a href="/wiki/Massif_de_l%27Esterel" title="Massif de l'Esterel">Massif de l'Esterel</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disputes_over_the_extent_of_the_Riviera_and_the_Côte_d'Azur"><span id="Disputes_over_the_extent_of_the_Riviera_and_the_C.C3.B4te_d.27Azur"></span>Disputes over the extent of the Riviera and the Côte d'Azur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Disputes over the extent of the Riviera and the Côte d'Azur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menton_BW_0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Menton_BW_0.JPG/220px-Menton_BW_0.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Menton_BW_0.JPG/330px-Menton_BW_0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Menton_BW_0.JPG/440px-Menton_BW_0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Old Town district of <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, which is the last town on the Côte d'Azur before the Italian border</figcaption></figure> <p>Côte d'Azur and the French Riviera have no official boundaries. Some sources put the western boundary at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a>. Others include Saint Tropez, <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a> or <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Var_(departement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Var (departement)">Var (departement)</a>, or as far as <a href="/wiki/Cassis" title="Cassis">Cassis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a> departement.<sup id="cite_ref-Côte_d_2000_p._448_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Côte_d_2000_p._448-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Côte_d_2005_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Côte_d_2005-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her 1955 novel, <i>The Talented Mr. Ripley</i>, <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Highsmith" title="Patricia Highsmith">Patricia Highsmith</a> describes the Riviera as including all of the coast between Toulon and the Italian border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Provence" title="History of Provence">History of Provence</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_prehistory_to_the_Bronze_Age">From prehistory to the Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From prehistory to the Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region of the French Riviera has been inhabited since <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> times. Primitive tools dating to between 1,000,000 and 1,050,000 years ago were discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Grotte_du_Vallonnet" title="Grotte du Vallonnet">Grotte du Vallonnet</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a>, with stones and bones of animals, including bovines, rhinoceros, and bison. At <a href="/wiki/Terra_Amata_(archaeological_site)" title="Terra Amata (archaeological site)">Terra Amata</a> (380,000 to 230,000 years ago), near the <a href="/wiki/Nice#Port" title="Nice">Nice Port</a>, a fireplace was discovered that is one of the oldest found in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stone <a href="/wiki/Dolmens" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolmens">dolmens</a>, monuments from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, can be found near <a href="/wiki/Draguignan" title="Draguignan">Draguignan</a>, while the Valley of Marvels (<a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_des_Merveilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallée des Merveilles">Vallée des Merveilles</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Mount_B%C3%A9go" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Bégo">Mount Bégo</a>, at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) elevation, is presumed to have been an outdoor religious sanctuary, having over 40,000 drawings of people and animals, dated to about 2000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_influence">Greek influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Greek influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in the 7th century BC, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> sailors from <a href="/wiki/Phocaea" title="Phocaea">Phocaea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> began to visit and then build <a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">emporia</a> along the Côte d'Azur. Emporia were started at Olbia (<a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>); Antipolis (<a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>) and Nikaia (Nice). These settlements, which traded with the inhabitants of the interior, became rivals of the <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>, who also visited the Côte d'Azur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_colonization">Roman colonization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roman colonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 8 BC, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> built an imposing trophy monument at <a href="/wiki/La_Turbie" title="La Turbie">La Turbie</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Trophy_of_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Trophy of Augustus">Trophy of the Alps</a> or Trophy of Augustus) to mark the pacification of the region. </p><p>Roman towns, monuments and <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatres</a> were built along the Côte d'Azur and many still survive, such as the amphitheatre and <a href="/wiki/Roman_baths" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman baths">baths</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cimiez" title="Cimiez">Cimiez</a>, above Nice, and the amphitheatre, Roman walls and other remains at <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg/170px-Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg/255px-Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg/340px-Frejus_Cathedral_Baptistery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The 5th-century baptistery of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Cathedral" title="Fréjus Cathedral">Fréjus Cathedral</a>, which is still in use</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbarians_and_Christians">Barbarians and Christians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Barbarians and Christians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roman <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> reached the height of its power and prosperity during the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. In the mid-3rd century, <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> began to invade the region, and Roman power weakened. </p><p>In the same period, Christianity started to become a powerful force in the region. The first <a href="/wiki/Cathedrals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedrals">cathedrals</a> were built in the 4th century, and <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">bishoprics</a> were established: in Fréjus at the end of the 4th century, Cimiez and <a href="/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a> in 439, and Antibes in 442. The oldest Christian structure still in existence on the Côte d'Azur is the baptistery of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Cathedral" title="Fréjus Cathedral">Fréjus Cathedral</a>, built at the end of the 5th century, which also saw the founding of the first <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> in the region, <a href="/wiki/Lerins_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lerins Monastery">Lerins Monastery</a> on an island off the coast at Cannes. </p><p>The fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> in the first half of the 5th century was followed by invasions of Provence by the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>. There was then a long period of wars and dynastic quarrels, which in turn led to further invasions by the <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> in the 9th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Counts_of_Provence_and_the_House_of_Grimaldi">The Counts of Provence and the House of Grimaldi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Counts of Provence and the House of Grimaldi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some peace was restored to the coast by the establishment in 879 of a <a href="/wiki/Lower_Burgundy" title="Lower Burgundy">new kingdom of Provence</a>, ruled first by the <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> dynasty (879–1112), then by the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a> (1112–1246), and finally by the Angevins (1246–1382, <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">elder branch</a>, 1382–1483 (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois-Anjou" title="House of Valois-Anjou">younger branch</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg/220px-Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg/330px-Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg/440px-Grimaud_IV-03-04-2005-010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of the Grimaldi castle at <a href="/wiki/Grimaud,_Var" title="Grimaud, Var">Grimaud</a>, near Saint-Tropez</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 13th century, another powerful political force appeared, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Grimaldi" title="House of Grimaldi">House of Grimaldi</a>. Descended from a Genoese nobleman expelled from Genoa by his rivals in 1271, members of the different branches of the Grimaldis took power in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, Antibes and Nice, and built castles at <a href="/wiki/Grimaud,_Var" title="Grimaud, Var">Grimaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Monaco">Prince of Monaco</a>, is a descendant of the Grimaldis. </p><p>In 1388, the city of Nice and its surrounding territory, from the mouth of the Var to the Italian border, were separated from Provence and came under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>. The territory was called the <i>Comté de Nice</i> after 1526, and thereafter its language, history and culture were separate from those of Provence until 1860, when it was re-attached to France under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a>. </p><p>Provence retained its formal independence until 1480, when the last <i>Comte de Provence</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="René I of Naples">René I of Naples</a>, died and left the Comté to his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles IV, Duke of Anjou">Charles du Maine</a>, who in turn left it to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI of France</a>. In 1486, Provence formally became part of France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity_with_the_British_upper_class_in_18th_and_19th_centuries">Popularity with the British upper class in 18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popularity with the British upper class in 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the end of the 18th century, the area later known as the Côte d'Azur was a remote and impoverished region, known mostly for fishing, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a> groves and the production of flowers for <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a> (manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>). </p><p>A new phase began when the coast became a fashionable health resort for the British upper class in the late 18th century. The first British traveller to describe its benefits was the novelist <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Tobias Smollett</a>, who visited <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> in 1763 when it was still an Italian city within the Kingdom of Sardinia. Smollett brought Nice and its warm winter climate to the attention of the British aristocracy with <i><a href="/wiki/Travels_through_France_and_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Travels through France and Italy">Travels through France and Italy</a></i>, written in 1765. At about the same time, a Scottish doctor, <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(physician,_born_1735)" title="John Brown (physician, born 1735)">John Brown</a>, became famous for prescribing what he called climato-therapy, a change in climate, to cure a variety of diseases including <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, known then as consumption. The French historian Paul Gonnet wrote that, as a result, Nice was filled with "a colony of pale and listless English women and listless sons of nobility near death". </p><p>In 1834, a British nobleman and politician named <a href="/wiki/Henry_Peter_Brougham" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Peter Brougham">Henry Peter Brougham</a>, First Baron Brougham and Vaux, who had played an important part in the abolition of the slave trade, travelled with his unwell daughter to the south of France, intending to go to Italy. A cholera epidemic in Italy forced him to stop at <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, where he enjoyed the climate and scenery so much that he bought land and built a villa. He began to spend his winters there and, owing to his fame, others followed: Cannes soon had a small British <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclave</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a> was a later British visitor who came for his health. In 1882 he rented a villa called La Solitude at <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>, where he wrote much of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Child%27s_Garden_of_Verses" title="A Child's Garden of Verses">A Child's Garden of Verses</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway,_gambling_and_royalty"><span id="Railway.2C_gambling_and_royalty"></span>Railway, gambling and royalty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Railway, gambling and royalty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1864, six years after Nice became part of France following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a> the first railway was completed, making Nice and the Riviera accessible to visitors from all over Europe. One hundred thousand visitors arrived in 1865. By 1874, residents of foreign enclaves in Nice, most of whom were British, numbered 25,000. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg/220px-4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg/330px-4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg/440px-4859_VER5137_Revelation_studios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Villa_Ephrussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Ephrussi">Villa Ephrussi</a> in Cap-Saint-Jean-Ferrat was built in 1905–1912 by <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_de_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatrice de Rothschild">Beatrice de Rothschild</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschild family</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-19th century, British and French entrepreneurs began to see the potential of promoting tourism along the Côte d'Azur. At the time, gambling was illegal in France and Italy. In 1856, the Prince of <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Charles III, Prince of Monaco">Charles III</a>, began constructing a <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a> in Monaco, which was called a health <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spa</a> to avoid criticism by the church. The casino was a failure, but in 1863 the Prince signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blanc" title="François Blanc">François Blanc</a>, a French businessman already operating a successful casino at <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> (southwestern Germany), to build a resort and new casino. Blanc arranged for <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a> and carriages to take visitors from Nice to Monaco, and built hotels, gardens and a casino in a place called Spélugues. At the suggestion of his mother, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Caroline_Gibert_de_Lametz" title="Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz">Princess Caroline</a>, Charles III renamed the place <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a> after himself. When the railway reached Monte Carlo in 1870, many thousands of visitors began to arrive and the population of the principality of Monaco doubled. </p><p>The French Riviera soon became a popular destination for European royalty. Just days after the railway reached Nice in 1864, Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a> visited on a private train, followed soon afterwards by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">Leopold II</a>, the King of the Belgians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg/220px-Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg/330px-Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg/440px-Monument_reine_Victoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Queen Victoria in Cimiez, in the hills above Nice, where she was a regular winter visitor</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a> was a frequent visitor. In 1882 she stayed in <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, and in 1891 spent several weeks at the Grand Hotel at <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>. In 1892 she stayed at the Hotel Cost-belle in <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>. In successive years from 1895 to 1899 she stayed in <a href="/wiki/Cimiez" title="Cimiez">Cimiez</a> in the hills above Nice. First, in 1895 and 1896, she patronised the Grand Hôtel, while in later years she and her staff took over the entire west wing of the Excelsior Hôtel Régina, which had been designed with her needs specifically in mind (part of which later became the home and studio of the renowned artist <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>). She travelled with an entourage of between sixty and a hundred, including chef, ladies in waiting, dentist, Indian servants, her own bed and her own food.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a> was a regular visitor to Cannes, starting in 1872. He frequented the Club Nautique, a private club on the <a href="/wiki/La_Croisette" class="mw-redirect" title="La Croisette">Croisette</a>, the fashionable seafront boulevard of Cannes. He visited there each spring for a two-month period, observing yacht races from shore while the royal yacht, <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a>, was sailed by professional crewmen. After he became King in 1901, he never again visited the French Riviera. </p><p>By the end of the 19th century the Côte d'Azur began to attract artistic painters, who appreciated the climate, the bright colors and clear light. Among them were <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Renoir">Auguste Renoir</a>, who settled in <a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Mougins" title="Mougins">Mougins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_period,_American_visitors_and_decline_of_the_aristocracy"><span id="Inter-war_period.2C_American_visitors_and_decline_of_the_aristocracy"></span>Inter-war period, American visitors and decline of the aristocracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Inter-war period, American visitors and decline of the aristocracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/French_Riviera" title="Special:EditPage/French Riviera">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22French+Riviera%22">"French Riviera"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22French+Riviera%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22French+Riviera%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22French+Riviera%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22French+Riviera%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22French+Riviera%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> brought down many of the royal houses of Europe and altered the nature and the calendar of the French Riviera. Following the war, greater numbers of Americans began arriving, with business moguls and celebrities eventually outnumbering aristocrats. The 'High Society' scene moved from a winter season to a summer season. </p><p>Americans began coming to the south of France in the 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> set part of his novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ambassadors" title="The Ambassadors">The Ambassadors</a></i> on the Riviera. <a href="/wiki/James_Gordon_Bennett_Jr." title="James Gordon Bennett Jr.">James Gordon Bennett Jr.</a>, the son and heir of the founder of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i>, had a villa in <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu</a>. Industrialist <a href="/wiki/John_Pierpont_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pierpont Morgan">John Pierpont Morgan</a> gambled at Monte Carlo and bought 18th-century paintings by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Fragonard</a> in Grasse – shipping them to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum">Metropolitan Museum</a> in New York. </p><p>A feature of the French Riviera in the inter-war years was the <a href="/wiki/Le_Train_Bleu_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Train Bleu (train)">Train Bleu</a>, an all first-class sleeper train which brought wealthy passengers down from <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>. It made its first trip in 1922, and carried <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset Maugham">Somerset Maugham</a>, and the future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward VIII</a> over the years. </p><p>While Europe was still recovering from the war and the <a href="/wiki/American_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="American dollar">American dollar</a> was strong, American writers and artists started arriving on the Côte d'Azur. <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence" title="The Age of Innocence">The Age of Innocence</a></i> (1920) at a villa near <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>, winning the Pulitzer Prize for the novel (the first woman to do so). Dancer <a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Isadora Duncan</a> frequented Cannes and Nice, but died in 1927 when her scarf caught in a wheel of the <a href="/wiki/Amilcar" title="Amilcar">Amilcar</a> motor car in which she was a passenger and strangled her. The writer <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a> first visited with his wife Zelda in 1924, stopping at Hyères, <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a> – eventually staying at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a>, where he wrote much of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a></i> and began <i><a href="/wiki/Tender_Is_the_Night" title="Tender Is the Night">Tender Is the Night</a></i>. </p><p>While Americans were largely responsible for making summer the high season, a French fashion designer, <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a>, made sunbathing fashionable. She acquired a striking tan during the summer of 1923, and tans then became the fashion in Paris. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII abdication crisis">abdication crisis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British Monarchy</a> in 1936, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a>, the intended bride of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VIII">King Edward VIII</a>, was staying at the Villa Lou Viei in Cannes, talking with the King by telephone each day. After his abdication, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor" title="Duke of Windsor">Duke of Windsor</a> (as he became) and his new wife stayed at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Cro%C3%AB" title="Château de la Croë">Villa La Croë</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Antibes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d'Antibes">Cap d'Antibes</a>. </p><p>The English playwright and novelist <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Maugham" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset Maugham">Somerset Maugham</a> also became a resident in 1926, buying the <a href="/wiki/Villa_La_Mauresque" title="Villa La Mauresque">Villa La Mauresque</a> toward the tip of <a href="/wiki/Cap_Ferrat" title="Cap Ferrat">Cap Ferrat</a>, near Nice.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Germany invaded France</a> in June 1940, the remaining British colony was evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> and eventually to Britain. American Jewish groups helped some of the Jewish artists living in the south of France, such as <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, to escape to the United States. In August 1942, 600 Jews from Nice were rounded up by French police and sent to <a href="/wiki/Drancy_internment_camp" title="Drancy internment camp">Drancy</a>, and eventually to <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">death camps</a>. In all about 5,000 French Jews from Nice perished during the war. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a> in Normandy, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a> (initially Operation Anvil), the code name for the Allied invasion of Southern France, commenced on 15 August 1944, when American parachute troops landed near Fréjus, and a fleet landed 60,000 troops of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Europe">American Seventh Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(France)" title="1st Army (France)">French First Army</a> between <a href="/wiki/Cavalaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalaire">Cavalaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agay" title="Agay">Agay</a>, east of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a>. German resistance was not as fanatical as <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">High Command</a> had ordered, and crumbled in days.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint-Tropez was badly damaged by German mines at the time of the liberation. The novelist <a href="/wiki/Colette" title="Colette">Colette</a> organized an effort to assure the town was rebuilt in its original style. </p><p>When the war ended, artists Marc Chagall and Pablo Picasso returned to live and work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_period_and_late_20th_century">Post-war period and late 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Post-war period and late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> was launched in September 1946, marking the return of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">French cinema</a> to world screens. The <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Festivals_et_des_Congr%C3%A8s" title="Palais des Festivals et des Congrès">Festival Palace</a> was built in 1949 on the site of the old Cercle Nautique, where the Prince of Wales had met his mistresses in the late 19th century. The release of the French film <i><a href="/wiki/And_God_Created_Woman_(1956_film)" title="And God Created Woman (1956 film)">Et Dieu… créa la femme</a></i> (<i>And God Created Woman</i>) in November 1956 was a major event for the Riviera, making an international star of <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>, and making an international tourist destination of Saint-Tropez, particularly for the new class of wealthy international travellers called the <a href="/wiki/Jet_set" title="Jet set">jet set</a>. </p><p>The marriage of American film actress <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rainier_III,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Rainier III, Prince of Monaco">Prince Rainier of Monaco</a> on 18 April 1956, attracted world attention once again. It was viewed on television by 30 million people. </p><p>During the 1960s, the Mayor of Nice, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_M%C3%A9decin" title="Jacques Médecin">Jacques Médecin</a>, decided to reduce the dependence of the Riviera on ordinary tourism, and to make it a destination for international congresses and conventions. He built the <i><a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Congr%C3%A8s_Acropolis" title="Palais des Congrès Acropolis">Palais des Congrès</a></i> at the Acropolis in Nice, and founded a <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Marc_Chagall" title="Musée Marc Chagall">Chagall Museum</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Matisse_(Nice)" title="Musée Matisse (Nice)">Matisse Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cimiez" title="Cimiez">Cimiez</a>. High-rise apartment buildings and real estate developments began to spread. </p><p>At the end of August 1997, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Diana" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Diana">Princess Diana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dodi_Fayed" title="Dodi Fayed">Dodi Fayed</a> spent their last days together on his father's yacht off <a href="/wiki/Pampelonne" title="Pampelonne">Pampelonne Beach</a> near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, shortly before they died in the <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_l%27Alma" title="Pont de l'Alma">Alma Tunnel</a> in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png/220px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png/330px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png/440px-C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azur_map.png 2x" data-file-width="6148" data-file-height="3801" /></a><figcaption>The 46 coastal municipalities</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg/220px-Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg/330px-Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg/440px-Cap_Ferrat-Plage_la_Paloma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cap_Ferrat" title="Cap Ferrat">Cap Ferrat</a>; Plage la Paloma, a beach on the Côte d'Azur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannes_promenade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cannes_promenade.jpg/220px-Cannes_promenade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cannes_promenade.jpg/330px-Cannes_promenade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cannes_promenade.jpg/440px-Cannes_promenade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Boulevard de la Croisette along the waterfront in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg/220px-Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg/330px-Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg/440px-Saint-Jeannet_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4054" data-file-height="2830" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jeannet,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port-Porquerolles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Port-Porquerolles.jpg/220px-Port-Porquerolles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Port-Porquerolles.jpg/330px-Port-Porquerolles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Port-Porquerolles.jpg/440px-Port-Porquerolles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Port of <a href="/wiki/Porquerolles" title="Porquerolles">Porquerolles</a>, an island in <a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg/220px-Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg/330px-Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg/440px-Massif_de_l%27Esterel-Saint_Raphael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7599" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S-Tropes-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/S-Tropes-001.jpg/220px-S-Tropes-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/S-Tropes-001.jpg/330px-S-Tropes-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/S-Tropes-001.jpg/440px-S-Tropes-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_municipalities">Coastal municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Coastal municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable alternance"> <caption>The 46 coastal municipalities from west to east </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipality</th> <th>Inhabitants<br />(1 January 2018)</th> <th>Département </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cassis" title="Cassis">Cassis</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7,027</td> <td>Bouches-du-Rhône </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">35,281</td> <td>Bouches-du-Rhône </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer" title="Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer">Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,580</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandol" title="Bandol">Bandol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8,404</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanary-sur-Mer" title="Sanary-sur-Mer">Sanary-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">16,696</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Six-Fours-les-Plages" title="Six-Fours-les-Plages">Six-Fours-les-Plages</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">33,665</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer" title="Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer">Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,979</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Seyne-sur-Mer" title="La Seyne-sur-Mer">La Seyne-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">62,888</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ollioules" title="Ollioules">Ollioules</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13,771</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">176,198</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Garde,_Var" title="La Garde, Var">La Garde</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">25,380</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Pradet" title="Le Pradet">Le Pradet</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,265</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carqueiranne" title="Carqueiranne">Carqueiranne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">9,555</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">55,069</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Londe-les-Maures" title="La Londe-les-Maures">La Londe-les-Maures</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,389</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bormes-les-Mimosas" title="Bormes-les-Mimosas">Bormes-les-Mimosas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8,223</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Le_Lavandou" title="Le Lavandou">Le Lavandou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,981</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rayol-Canadel-sur-Mer" title="Rayol-Canadel-sur-Mer">Rayol-Canadel-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">689</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cavalaire-sur-Mer" title="Cavalaire-sur-Mer">Cavalaire-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7,499</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Croix-Valmer" title="La Croix-Valmer">La Croix-Valmer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,778</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramatuelle" title="Ramatuelle">Ramatuelle</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,079</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,103</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gassin" title="Gassin">Gassin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,586</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cogolin" title="Cogolin">Cogolin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,556</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grimaud,_Var" title="Grimaud, Var">Grimaud</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,553</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">53,786</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Maxime" title="Sainte-Maxime">Sainte-Maxime</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">14,240</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-sur-Argens" title="Roquebrune-sur-Argens">Roquebrune-sur-Argens</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">14,626</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl_(Var)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Raphaël (Var)">Saint-Raphaël</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">35,633</td> <td>Var </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oule-sur-Mer" title="Théoule-sur-Mer">Théoule-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,350</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandelieu-la-Napoule" title="Mandelieu-la-Napoule">Mandelieu-la-Napoule</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">21,836</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">73,965</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vallauris" title="Vallauris">Vallauris</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">27,072</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">72,915</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-Loubet" title="Villeneuve-Loubet">Villeneuve-Loubet</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">15,780</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">51,411</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Var" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Var">Saint-Laurent-du-Var</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">28,511</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">341,032</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,533</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,731</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche-sur-Mer</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,064</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ze" title="Èze">Èze</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,225</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cap-d%27Ail" title="Cap-d'Ail">Cap-d’Ail</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,529</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">38,100</td> <td style="text-align:center">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">12,824</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">30,231</td> <td>Alpes-Maritimes </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td><b>Total (46)</b></td> <td style="text-align:right"><b>1,383,588</b></td> <td style="text-align:center"><b>—</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places">Places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Places on the Côte d'Azur (following the broadest definition), following the coast from south-west to north-east, include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassis" title="Cassis">Cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandol" title="Bandol">Bandol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanary-sur-Mer" title="Sanary-sur-Mer">Sanary-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Fours-les-Plages" title="Six-Fours-les-Plages">Six-Fours-les-Plages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Seyne-sur-Mer" title="La Seyne-sur-Mer">La Seyne-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a> and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_d%27Hy%C3%A8res" title="Îles d'Hyères">Îles d'Hyères</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porquerolles" title="Porquerolles">Porquerolles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port-Cros" title="Port-Cros">Port-Cros</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_du_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Île du Levant">Île du Levant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Lavandou" title="Le Lavandou">Le Lavandou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalaire-sur-Mer" title="Cavalaire-sur-Mer">Cavalaire-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Grimaud,_Var" title="Grimaud, Var">Grimaud</a>, with Port-Grimaud on the coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Maxime" title="Sainte-Maxime">Sainte-Maxime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-sur-Argens" title="Roquebrune-sur-Argens">Roquebrune-sur-Argens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Fayence" title="Fayence">Fayence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Adrets-de-l%27Est%C3%A9rel" title="Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel">Les Adrets-de-l'Estérel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanneron" title="Tanneron">Tanneron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oule-sur-Mer" title="Théoule-sur-Mer">Théoule-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelieu-la-Napoule" title="Mandelieu-la-Napoule">Mandelieu-la-Napoule</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Mougins" title="Mougins">Mougins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9rins_Islands" title="Lérins Islands">the Îles de Lérins</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Sainte-Marguerite" title="Île Sainte-Marguerite">Île Sainte-Marguerite</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Honorat" title="Île Saint-Honorat">Île Saint-Honorat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Vallauris" title="Vallauris">Vallauris</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Valbonne" title="Valbonne">Valbonne</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Sophia-Antipolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia-Antipolis">Sophia-Antipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfe-Juan" title="Golfe-Juan">Golfe-Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan-les-Pins" title="Juan-les-Pins">Juan-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Biot,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Biot, Alpes-Maritimes">Biot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-Loubet" title="Villeneuve-Loubet">Villeneuve-Loubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-de-Vence" title="Saint-Paul-de-Vence">Saint-Paul-de-Vence</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jeannet,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Saint-Jeannet, Alpes-Maritimes">Saint-Jeannet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-du-Var" title="Saint-Laurent-du-Var">Saint-Laurent-du-Var</a></li> <li>Inland – <a href="/wiki/Belv%C3%A9d%C3%A8re" title="Belvédère">Belvédère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ze" title="Èze">Èze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Ail" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d'Ail">Cap d'Ail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte-Carlo">Monte-Carlo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beausoleil,_Alpes-Maritimes" title="Beausoleil, Alpes-Maritimes">Beausoleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some data related to tourism on the Riviera in 2006: </p> <ul><li>More than 14 million tourists</li> <li>52% of customers from abroad</li> <li>65 million nights stayed</li> <li>Tourists spending €5 billion</li> <li>75,000 jobs; tourism is 18% of total employment in the Alpes-Maritimes.</li> <li>500,000 tourists in the High Country</li> <li>500,000 delegates</li> <li>3 million admissions to museums and monuments</li> <li>More than 45% of tourists come by air</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French Riviera is mostly subtropical, featuring a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, with sunny, hot, dry summers and mild winters. Winter temperatures are moderated by the Mediterranean; days of frost are rare. The average daily low temperature in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> in January is 5.4 °C (41.7 °F); the January average daily low temperature in <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> is 6.2 °C (43.2 °F). The average high temperature in August in Nice is 28.6 °C (83.5 °F); in Toulon the average daily high temperature is 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) </p><p>The Côte d'Azur receives more rainfall annually than <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (803.3 mm (31.63 in) annually in Nice and 684.8 mm (26.96 in) in Toulon compared with 649.8 mm (25.58 in) in Paris), but the rainy days are much less frequent and the Riviera is considerably sunnier; 111 rainy days a year in Paris compared with 61 days in Toulon and 63 in Nice. Rain is generally more common in the Autumn and Winter months while the summers are drier. Toulon has 2,793 hours of sunshine a year, Nice has 2,668 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Micro-climates exist in these coastal regions, and there can be great differences in the weather between various locations. Strong winds such as the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a>, a cold dry wind from the northwest or from the east, are another characteristic, particularly in the winter. Nice, in particular is surrounded by mountains to the North, protecting it from the Mistral winds making it feel milder on sunny days. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">Sirocco</a> is a southerly wind, coming from the African continent and often felt on the Mediterranean coast of Europe. It is a hot and humid wind, occasionally carrying sand from the Sahara which is then deposited in coastal areas across Southern Europe. </p><p>The French Riviera is one of the mildest locations in the world for its latitude, owing to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> which moderates the temperatures in Western Europe, particularly in winter and the warming effect of the Mediterranean Sea. Because of this, the region boasts a long growing season and supports the growth of exotic flora such as Citrus Fruits and Palm Trees. Snow is very uncommon in the winters and the long, hot and sunny summers have long been a draw for tourists since the days of British Aristocracy. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Nice (1981–2010 averages) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(2.72) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.7<br />(1.76) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(1.76) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(1.35) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(0.48) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(0.70) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.1<br />(2.88) </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">132.8<br />(5.23) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.9<br />(4.09) </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.7<br />(3.65) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">733<br />(28.87) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">306 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">348 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">316 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">149 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,724 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg/220px-Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg/330px-Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg/440px-Nice_SPOT_1161.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Nice seen from Spot Satellite</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nice_and_Alpes-Maritimes">Nice and Alpes-Maritimes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nice and Alpes-Maritimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nice and the <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> département are sheltered by the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>. The winds are usually gentle, from the sea to the land, though sometimes the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a> blows strongly from the northwest, or, turned by the mountains, from the east. In 1956 a mistral from the northwest reached 180 kilometres per hour (110 mph) at <a href="/wiki/Nice_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Nice Airport">Nice Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, in summer, the <a href="/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">sirocco</a> brings high temperatures and reddish desert sand from the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Winds_of_Provence" title="Winds of Provence">Winds of Provence</a>). </p><p>Rain can be torrential, particularly in the autumn, when storms and rain are caused by the difference between the colder air inland and the warm Mediterranean water temperature (20–24 °C [68–75 °F]). The rainiest months are September (75.6 millimetres [2.98 in] average rainfall); October (143.9 millimetres [5.67 in]); November (94.3 millimetres [3.71 in]) and December (87.8 millimetres [3.46 in]).<sup id="cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snow on the coast is rare, falling on average once every ten years. 1956 was exceptional, when 20 cm (7.9 in) blanketed the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1985 the coast between <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a> received 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in). In the mountains, snow is present from November to May. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Var">Var</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Var"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The département of <a href="/wiki/Var_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Var (département)">Var</a> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>) has a climate slightly warmer, drier and sunnier than Nice and Alpes-Maritimes, but is less sheltered from the wind. </p><p>The mistral, which brings cold and dry air down from the upper Alpine regions via the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhône valley">Rhône valley</a> and extends with diminishing intensity along the Côte d'Azur, blows frequently during the winter. Strong winds blow for about 75 days a year in <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus" title="Fréjus">Fréjus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_and_festivals">Events and festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Events and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several major events take place: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> and southeast France: <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo</a>, January<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg/220px-Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg/330px-Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg/440px-Barrichello_2009_Monaco_GP_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco Grand Prix</a> race</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Monaco: <a href="/wiki/International_Circus_Festival_of_Monte-Carlo" title="International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo">International Circus Festival of Monte-Carlo</a>, January / February</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelieu-la-Napoule" title="Mandelieu-la-Napoule">Mandelieu-la-Napoule</a>: La Fête du Mimosa, February</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nice_Carnival" title="Nice Carnival">Carnival</a>, February</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>: Lemon Festival, February</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourrettes-sur-Loup" title="Tourrettes-sur-Loup">Tourrettes-sur-Loup</a>: Violet Festival, March</li> <li>Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Monte-Carlo_Masters" title="Monte-Carlo Masters">Monte-Carlo Masters</a>, April–May</li> <li>Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Grand Prix</a> race, May</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>; Rose Festival, May</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannes Film Market">Cannes Film Market</a>, May</li> <li>Nice: <a href="/wiki/Nice_Jazz_Festival" title="Nice Jazz Festival">Jazz Festival</a>, July</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan-les-Pins" title="Juan-les-Pins">Juan-les-Pins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jazz_%C3%A0_Juan" title="Jazz à Juan">Jazz à Juan</a>, late July.</li> <li>Grasse: Jasmine Festival, August</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toulon_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulon Tournament">Toulon Tournament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tall_Ships%27_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall Ships' Race">Tall Ships' Race</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painters">Painters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Painters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Paul_Signac_-_The_Port_of_Saint-Tropez_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3953" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a>, <i>The Port of Saint-Tropez</i>, oil on canvas, 1901</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate and vivid colors of the Mediterranean attracted many famous artists during the 19th and 20th centuries. They included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a> (1867–1947); retired to and died at <a href="/wiki/Le_Cannet" title="Le Cannet">Le Cannet</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Broders" title="Roger Broders">Roger Broders</a> (1883–1953); Parisian travel poster illustrator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a> (1887–1985); lived in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-de-Vence" title="Saint-Paul-de-Vence">Saint-Paul-de-Vence</a> between 1948 and 1985.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Edmond_Cross" title="Henri-Edmond Cross">Henri-Edmond Cross</a> (1856–1910); discovered the Côte d'Azur in 1883, and painted at <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A8res" title="Hyères">Hyères</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a> (1870–1943); painted at <a href="/wiki/St._Tropez" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Tropez">St. Tropez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandol" title="Bandol">Bandol</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a> (1877–1953); whose wife was from Nice, painted in the region, including in Nice.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a> (1873–1947); painted at <a href="/wiki/St._Tropez" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Tropez">St. Tropez</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> (1869–1954); first visited <a href="/wiki/St._Tropez" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Tropez">St. Tropez</a> in 1904. In 1917 he settled in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, first at the Hôtel Beau Rivage, then at the Hôtel de la Méditerranée, then at la Villa des Alliés in Cimiez. In 1921 he lived in an apartment in Nice, next to the flower market and overlooking the sea, where he lived until 1938. He then moved to the Hôtel Régina in the hills of Cimiez, above Nice. During World War II he lived in <a href="/wiki/Vence" title="Vence">Vence</a>, then returned to Cimiez, where he died and is buried.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> (1840–1927); visited <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordighera" title="Bordighera">Bordighera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan-les-Pins" title="Juan-les-Pins">Juan-les-Pins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, Nice, <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Mer" title="Villefranche-sur-Mer">Villefranche</a>, and painted a number of seascapes of <a href="/wiki/Cap_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap Martin">Cap Martin</a>, near Menton, and at <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Antibes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d'Antibes">Cap d'Antibes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a> (1863–1944); visited and painted in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a> (where he developed a passion for gambling), and rented a villa at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat" title="Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat">Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat</a> in 1891.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> (1881–1973); spent each summer from 1919 to 1939 on the Côte d'Azur, and moved there permanently in 1946, first at <a href="/wiki/Vallauris" title="Vallauris">Vallauris</a>, then at <a href="/wiki/Mougins" title="Mougins">Mougins</a>, where he spent his last years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Renoir">Auguste Renoir</a> (1841–1919); visited <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-sur-Mer" title="Beaulieu-sur-Mer">Beaulieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grasse" title="Grasse">Grasse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Rapha%C3%ABl,_Var" title="Saint-Raphaël, Var">Saint-Raphaël</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, before finally settling in <a href="/wiki/Cagnes-sur-Mer" title="Cagnes-sur-Mer">Cagnes-sur-Mer</a> in 1907, where he bought a farm in the hills and built a new house and workshop on the grounds. He continued to paint there until his death in 1919. His house is now a museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a> (1863–1935); visited <a href="/wiki/St._Tropez" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Tropez">St. Tropez</a> in 1892, and bought a villa, La Hune, at the foot of citadel in 1897. It was at his villa that his friend, Henri Matisse, painted his famous <i><a href="/wiki/Luxe,_Calme_et_Volupt%C3%A9" title="Luxe, Calme et Volupté">Luxe, Calme et Volupté</a></i> in 1904. Signac made numerous paintings along the coast.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Klein" title="Yves Klein">Yves Klein</a> (1928–1962); a native of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, considered an important figure in post-war European art.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacha_Sosno" title="Sacha Sosno">Sacha Sosno</a> (1937–2013); French painter and sculptor who lived and worked in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="extiw" title="commons:Côte d'Azur"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">French Riviera</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/French_Riviera#Q182822" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:French Riviera">French Riviera</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera" title="Riviera">Riviera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/alpes-maritimes/nice/la-cote-d-azur-ca-commence-et-s-arrete-ou-2538164.html">"La Côte d'Azur : ça commence et s'arrête où ?"</a>. <i>France 3 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</i> (in French). 8 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726132003/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/provence-alpes-cote-d-azur/alpes-maritimes/nice/la-cote-d-azur-ca-commence-et-s-arrete-ou-2538164.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+3+Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur&rft.atitle=La+C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur+%3A+%C3%A7a+commence+et+s%27arr%C3%AAte+o%C3%B9+%3F&rft.date=2022-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fprovence-alpes-cote-d-azur%2Falpes-maritimes%2Fnice%2Fla-cote-d-azur-ca-commence-et-s-arrete-ou-2538164.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/75119537-climat-tropicalisation-des-nuits-azureennes">"Climat : Tropicalisation des nuits azuréennes"</a>. <i>www.meteofrance.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722165623/https://meteofrance.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteofrance.fr&rft.atitle=Climat+%3A+Tropicalisation+des+nuits+azur%C3%A9ennes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.fr%2Factualites%2F75119537-climat-tropicalisation-des-nuits-azureennes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrathall2016" class="citation news cs1">Wrathall, Claire (6 July 2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/francis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition/">"Francis Bacon's Monaco magic is highlighted in a new exhibition"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/francis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Francis+Bacon%27s+Monaco+magic+is+highlighted+in+a+new+exhibition&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Wrathall&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fluxury%2Ftravel%2Ffrancis-bacons-monaco-magic-is-highlighted-in-a-new-exhibition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">INSEE 1999 census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Comité Régional du Tourisme Riviera Côte d'Azur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop2017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop2017_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf">Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005055240/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/4265429/ensemble.pdf">Archived</a> 5 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official site: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cannes.aeroport.fr/aeroport/aeroport.htm#histoire">Cannes.aeroport.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130428155113/http://www.cannes.aeroport.fr/aeroport/aeroport.htm#histoire">Archived</a> 28 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official site: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cannes.aeroport.fr/aeroport/aeroport2.htm">Cannes.aeroport.fr</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090518193314/http://www.cannes.aeroport.fr/aeroport/aeroport2.htm">Archived</a> 18 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National 7 website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationale7.com/">Nationale7.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100303234955/http://www.nationale7.com/">Archived</a> 3 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sirius CCINCA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">p.31 CRDP-Nice.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704173303/http://www.crdp-nice.net/dp/IMG/pdf/Kit_Info_Cote_d_Azur_FR_Version_sept_07.pdf">Archived</a> 4 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Côte d'Azur Economic Development Agency, op.cit. p.66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In English, "Riviera" as a whole is defined as "the coastal strip along the Mediterranean from La Spezia, Italy, to west of Cannes, France". <i>Webster's New World Dictionary of American English</i>, Third College Edition, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, J. Henry Bennett, <i>Mentone, the Riviera, Corsica and Biarritz as Winter Climates</i> (1862)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/riviera/">"Vocabolario: Riviera"</a>. <i>Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti</i>. Istituzionali della Treccani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119104824/http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/riviera/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enciclopedia+Italiana+di+Scienze%2C+Lettere+ed+Arti&rft.atitle=Vocabolario%3A+Riviera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Friviera%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmsaldoadminyvasovicyvasovic2018" class="citation web cs1">msaldo; admin; yvasovic; yvasovic (23 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cannes.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=387&Itemid=2457587">"Cannes Avance - Mini Une fixe - Accueil"</a>. <i>www.cannes.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708114245/http://www.cannes.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=387&Itemid=2457587">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cannes.com&rft.atitle=Cannes+Avance+-+Mini+Une+fixe+-+Accueil&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.au=msaldo&rft.au=admin&rft.au=yvasovic&rft.au=yvasovic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannes.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D387%26Itemid%3D2457587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Boyer, <i>L'Invention de la Côte d'Azur : l'hiver dans le Midi</i>, préface de <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Agulhon" title="Maurice Agulhon">Maurice Agulhon</a>, 378 pages, Édition de l'Aube, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-87678-643-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-87678-643-5">2-87678-643-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarousse" class="citation web cs1">Larousse, Éditions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/C%C3%B4te_dAzur/114833">"Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Côte d'Azur"</a>. <i>www.larousse.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722165707/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/C%c3%b4te_dAzur/114833">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.larousse.fr&rft.atitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+Larousse+en+ligne+-+C%C3%B4te+d%27Azur&rft.aulast=Larousse&rft.aufirst=%C3%89ditions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Fautre-region%2FC%25C3%25B4te_dAzur%2F114833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarousse" class="citation web cs1">Larousse, Éditions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/film/Vacances_d%C3%A9t%C3%A9/10308">"Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne - Vacances d'été Summer Holiday"</a>. <i>www.larousse.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116144834/http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/film/Vacances_d%C3%A9t%C3%A9/10308">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.larousse.fr&rft.atitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+Larousse+en+ligne+-+Vacances+d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Summer+Holiday&rft.aulast=Larousse&rft.aufirst=%C3%89ditions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.larousse.fr%2Fencyclopedie%2Ffilm%2FVacances_d%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25A9%2F10308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Harrap's Standard French and English Dictionary</i>, 1948.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Côte_d_2000_p._448-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Côte_d_2000_p._448_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Côte d'Azur, côte méditerranéenne française entre Cassis et Menton" ("Côte d'Azur, French Mediterranean coast between Cassis and Menton") in <i>Dictionnaire Hachette encyclopédique</i> (2000), p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Côte_d_2005-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Côte_d_2005_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Côte d'Azur, Partie orientale du littoral français, sur la Méditerranée, de Cassis à Menton" ("Côte d'Azur, Eastern part of the French coast, on the Mediterranean, from Cassis to Menton"), in <i>Le Petit Larousse illustré</i> (2005), p. 1297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry de Lumley, <i>La Grande Histoire des premiers hommes europeens</i>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aldo Bastié, <i>Histoire de la Provence</i>, Edition Ouest-France, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Nelson, <i>Queen Victoria and the Discovery of the Riviera</i>, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503125001/http://www.estatenetfrance.com/St-Jean-Cap-Ferrat/areaguide/details/">"Property in St Jean Cap Ferrat | Houses, Villas, Apartments for sale in St Jean Cap Ferrat"</a>. 3 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estatenetfrance.com/St-Jean-Cap-Ferrat/areaguide/details/">the original</a> on 3 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Property+in+St+Jean+Cap+Ferrat+%26%23124%3B+Houses%2C+Villas%2C+Apartments+for+sale+in+St+Jean+Cap+Ferrat&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estatenetfrance.com%2FSt-Jean-Cap-Ferrat%2Fareaguide%2Fdetails%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansen, Randall (2014). Disobeying Hitler: German Resistance After Operation Valkyrie, pp. 134-141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Météo-France_site-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Météo-France_site_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance" class="citation web cs1">France, Meteo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteo.fr/">"PREVISIONS METEO FRANCE - Site Officiel de Météo-France - Prévisions gratuites à 15 jours sur la France et à 10 jours sur le monde"</a>. <i>www.meteo.fr</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010512210904/http://www.meteo.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.meteo.fr&rft.atitle=PREVISIONS+METEO+FRANCE+-+Site+Officiel+de+M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France+-+Pr%C3%A9visions+gratuites+%C3%A0+15+jours+sur+la+France+et+%C3%A0+10+jours+sur+le+monde&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=Meteo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climat.meteofrance.com/chgt_climat2/climat_france?89461.path=climatnormales%252FFRANCE">"1981–2010 Data"</a>. July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1981%E2%80%932010+Data&rft.date=2012-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimat.meteofrance.com%2Fchgt_climat2%2Fclimat_france%3F89461.path%3Dclimatnormales%25252FFRANCE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+Riviera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Henry de Lumley, <i>La Grand Histoire des premiers hommes européens</i>, Odile Jacob, Paris, 2010 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B2%2B7381%2B2386%2B2" title="Special:BookSources/978+2+7381+2386+2">978 2 7381 2386 2</a>).</li> <li>Aldo Bastié, <i>Histoire de la Provence</i>, Éditions Ouest-France, 2001.</li> <li>Mary Blume, <i>Côte d'Azur: Inventing the French Riviera</i>, <a href="/wiki/Thames_and_Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames and Hudson">Thames and Hudson</a>, London, 1992.</li> <li>Patrick Howarth, <i>When the Riviera was Ours</i>, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1977.</li> <li>Jim Ring, <i>Riviera, the Rise and Fall of the Côte d'Azur</i>, John Murray Publishers, London, 1988.</li> <li>Edouard Baratier (editor), <i>Histoire de la Provence</i>, Editions Privat, Toulouse, 1969 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2%2B7089%2B1649%2B1" title="Special:BookSources/2+7089+1649+1">2 7089 1649 1</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Painters_2">Painters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Riviera&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Painters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La Méditerranée de Courbet à Matisse</i>, catalog of the exhibit at the Grand Palais, Paris from September 2000 to January 2001. Published by the Réunion des musées nationaux, 2000.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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